Reinforcing Bars

A rebar (short for reinforcing bar), also known as reinforcing steel, reinforcement
steel, rerod, a deformed bar, reo, or reo bar, is a common steel bar, and is commonly
used as a tensioning device in reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry structures
holding the concrete in compression. It is usually in the form of carbon steel bars or
wires, and the surfaces may be deformed for a better bond with the concrete.

Concrete is a material that is very strong in compression, but relatively weak

in tension. To compensate for this imbalance in concrete's behavior, rebar is cast into it
to carry the tensile loads. For this purpose, the steel reinforcement of a concrete
structure is, conceptually, divided in two types of reinforcement: primary reinforcement
and secondary reinforcement. Primary reinforcement refers to the reinforcement steel
which is employed specifically to guarantee the necessary resistance needed by the
structure to support the design loads. Secondary reinforcement, also known as
distribution reinforcement, is employed for durability and aesthetic reasons, by providing
enough localized resistance to limit cracking and resist stresses caused by effects such
as temperature changes and shrinkage. It is also employed to confer resistance to
concentrated loads by providing enough localized resistance and stiffness for a load to
spread through a wider area.

Rebar Sizes

The standard sizes that the Company manufactures and sells are as follows: 10mm,
12mm, 16mm, 20mm, 25mm, 28mm, 32mm, and 36mm. For special orders, it can also
make 40mm and 50mm bars.

Specifications and Grading of Rebars

ASTM vs PNS Popular

Typical Application
Codes Nomenclature
Grade 33 / PNS Low-rise Buildings and Low Loading
Structural Grade
230 Conditions
Grade 40 / PNS Medium-rise Structures / Infrastructure
Intermediate Grade
275 Work
Grade 60 / PNS Medium & High-rise Structures /
High-Tensile Grade
415 Infrastructure
The three grades are distinguished by the different color markings painted at the ends
of each bar, as shown in the following table:

Table of Standard W eights

STANDARD WEIGHT OF DEFORMED ROUND STEEL BARS

Bar Diameter Unit Weight Bar Commercial Length
∅mm Kg/m 6.0 m 7.5 m 9.0 m 10.5 m 12.0 m
10 0.616 3.696 4.620 5.544 6.468 7.392
12 0.888 5.328 6.660 7.992 9.324 10.656
16 1.578 9.468 11.835 14.202 16.569 18.936
20 2.466 14.796 18.495 22.194 25.893 29.592
25 3.853 23.118 28.898 34.677 40.457 46.236
28 4.834 29.004 36.255 43.506 50.757 58.008
32 6.313 37.878 47.348 56.817 66.287 75.756
36 7.990 47.940 59.925 71.910 83.895 95.880

In the succeeding pages are presented the tests to determine the properties of
reinforcing steel bars.