Exercise 1

Determine at standard conditions (density 1.293 kg/m3)

The theoretical turbine power of 1 m^2 of wind with a
Speed of 5 m/s and 10 m/s. Also find out the rotor
Diameter required to produce 100 kW and 1 MW at 5 m/s
(use the Betz coefficient)
Exercise 2

In an open site located at the Atlantic coast of Argentina,

It was found speeds of 10 m/s during the day and 6 m/s
During the night. Determine at standard conditions the
Turbine power of 1 m^2 of wind.
Exercise 3

A ten minute anemometer was installed at 30,5 meters

(100 ft) in a open site located at 1300 meters above sea
Level with a mean temperature of 17 Celsius degrees
Near a proposed wind energy system development.
8 readings were recorded on September 19,2002 every
Three hours starting from midnight. Please find out the
Wind speed average, the standard deviation, the
Average wind power density and average wind machine
Hour Interval speed(m/s)
Power for that day 0:00 2:50 4,04
3:00 5:50 4,99
6:00 8:50 6,81
9:00 11:50 5,96
12:00 14:50 5,55
15:00 17:50 3,24
18:00 20:50 2,20
21:00 23:50 1,77
Exercise 4
Bin Frequency Ui Cpi
 A wind data acquisition system in a remote 0
1
0
1257
0
1
0
0
area of northwest Scotland measured wind 2 2118 2 0
speed values every ten minutes throughout a 3
4
2707
3296
3
4
0
0
year. A histogram with the frequency of wind 5 3458 5 0.365
0.368
speed in intervals of one meter per second is 6
7
2716
2077
6
7
0.358
0.396
shown in the table below. Please find out the 8 1790 8 0.415
wind speed average, the standard deviation, 9
10
1669
1403
9
10
0.393
0.365
the average wind power and energy density, 11 1134 11 0.305
and average wind machine power (please 12
13
794
694
12
13
0.282
0.241
use power wind curve). What is the 14 586 14 0.188
probability and number of hours that the wind 15
16
405
294
15
16
0.16
0.126
speed is between 4 and 5 m/s? What is the 17 159 17 0.096
18 0.071
probability and number of hours that the wind 18
19
129
73 19 0.055
speed is 5 m/s or greater? Also plot the 20 59 20 0.049
21 0
probability distribution function in hours for 21
22
35
29 22 0
one year as well as speed duration curve. 23 21 23 0
24 11 24 0
25 5 25 0
Exercise 5

 The Weibull parameters at a given site

are c=6 m/s and k=1,8. Estimate the
number of hours per year that the wind
speed will be between 6,5 and 7,5 m/s
and estimate the number of hours per
year that the wind speed is greater than
or equal to 15 m/s.
Exercise 6

 For exercise 4 please determine the

Weibull parameters according to Justus
approximation. Plot the histogram and
the weibull distribution in only one
graphic.
Exercise 7

 From the exercise 6 determine the total

production of kWh with the machine
N60/1300 based on the weibull
distribution. If the purpose of the wind
turbine plant is to sell the production of
electricity to the grid at a cost of 5
cents/kWh, how much is then the
difference between the weibull and
histogram in terms of gross income?
Exercise 8

 The average electricity price paid by the electricity

distributor (mandated by law) is 5,2 cents/kWh for the
energy produced from renewable energy sources. Is
the wind turbine project in Exercise 4 attractive or
profitable to any investor with a opportunity cost of
10%?. The necessary information is as follow:
Investment USD 1100000
O&M 4% Inv 44000
discount rate 10%
Lifespan years 20
Availability 98%

The investment cost includes the tower, civil works,

transport, construction, grid connection, and
development cost.
Exercise 9

 Please find out the necessary reduction

in the investment cost to make the
project profitable with a price per kWh
paid by the utility of 5,2 cents/kWh. Keep
the original O&M costs. Make use of the
sensitivity analysis to see the influence
of the investment cost, discount rate and
production of electricity in the energy
price.
Exercise 10

 An anemometer located in Flensburg at 17,7 m above

the ground for a 14 year period 1985-1998. The
location was located at the airport on top of a gentle
hill and with excellent exposure in all directions. The
average Weibull parameters for this period were c=
7,65 m/s and k=2,42.
The mean speed was 6,64 m/s, please determine:
- Plot both the Weibull and Rayleigh probability density
functions in only one graphic
- Find the probability of the wind being greater than or
equal to 5,8, and 10 m/s for both distributions
- How does the Rayleigh density function compare with
the Weibull over the ranges 0-5, 6-10 and over 10
m/s.?
Exercise 11

 Für ein Blattelement einer Windenergieanlage soll die Leistung PB bei einer
Windgeschwindigkeit Vw = 15 m/s mit Hilfe des auf dem nächsten Blatt
stehenden Diagramms bestimmt werden. Das Blattelement habe die mittlere
Blatttiefe (= Sehnenlänge) tB= 0.3m, eine radiale Erstreckung von Δr = 1m und
von der Drehachse einen mittleren Abstand von r = 6m. Gegenüber Drehebene
ist die Blattsehne um den Einstellwinkel
υ= 3◦ verdreht. Der Rotor läuft mit der Drehzahl n = 100 U/min. Die Dichte der Luft
beträgt
ρ = 1,225 kg/m3. Näherungsweise wird angenommen. dass die Luft in der
Blattebene auf
v = 2/3*Vw verzögert wird.
Gesucht sind:
a) die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit u und die (relative) Zuströmgeschwindigkeit WB, mit
der die Luft auf die Blatteintrittskante trifft,
b) der Anstellwinkel α zwischen der Zuströmrichtung und der Blattsehne
c) die Kraftkomponente Fbu , die das Blattelement in Umfangsrichtung treibt und
das zugehörige Drehmoment MB,
e) die Leistung PB des Blattelementes
Diagramm zu Aufgabe

2.0
Ca

1.5

1.0
CW

0.5

-0.5
-16 -8 0 8 16 24 32

Anstellwinkel α grd