CHILD SAFETY MONITORING SYSTEM

NAJWA HANNAN BINTI MOHD SUBRI

This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of

Bachelor of Electronic Engineering (Industrial Engineering) With Honours

Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering

Universiti Tenikal Malaysia Melaka

April 2009
 UNIVERSTI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRONIK DAN KEJURUTERAAN

KOMPUTER

'.O, -.
BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN

PRQJEK SARJANA MUDA I1

Tajuk Projek : CHILD SAFETY MONITORING SYSTEM

Sesi
: 200812009
Pengajian

Saya : NAJWA HANNAN BINTI MOHD SUBRI

mengaku membenarkan Laporan Projek Sarjana Muda ini disimpan di Perpustakaan dengan syarat-syarat
kegunaan seperti berikut:
1. Laporan adalah hakmilik Vniversiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.
2. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja.
3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi
pengajian tinggi.
4. Sila tandakan ( 4 ) :

SULIT* (Mengandungi maklurnat yang berdarjah keselamatan

atau kepentingan Malaysia seperti yang termaktub di
dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972)

TERHAD* (Mengandungi maklumat terhad yang telah ditentukan

oleh organisasilbadan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)

TIDAK
TERHAD

Disahkan oleh:

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n o No 1752
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13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang 76109 LwkmTUWW"?Maleka

I 8 0 *aT/ a009
Tarikh: .......... .................. Tarikh: dl!. .%?:!. ..%!?.?. ...
"I hereby declare that this report is the result of my own work expect for quotes as cited
in the references."

Signature : ...-. .:. .............

Author : NAJWA HANNAN BINTI MOHD SUBRI

Date : 30 APRIL 2009

"I hereby declare that I have read this report and in my opinion this report is sufficient in
terms of the scope and quality for the award of Bachelor of Electronic Engineering
(Industrial Electronics) With Honours"

Signature

Supervisor's Name : PN. HAZURA HAROON

Date : 30 APRIL 2009

 DEDICATION

Special to my mom and my family, thanks a lot for all your support and love.

For my friends, thank for helping and guide me for all this time.

Hope all of us will success and happy ever after.

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Several people played an important role in the accomplishing of this Final Year
Project and I would like to acknowledge them here. First I would like to thank Pn.
Hazura Haroon, my project supervisor for the guidance and assistance to purseu this
project. I also wish to thank my parents for the support in financial as well for the
encouragement throughout my couse study. Besides, I would like to thank my friends
Siti Aishah Zulkefli, Ruzzaima Kamaruldzaman and Nur Hidayah Ahmad for their
support and advice. Finally, I would like to thank for all people around me who had
involved directly or indirectly for throughout their advices and supports to accomplish
this project.
 ABSTRACT

The idea of this project comes out because of when the house become larger,
more risky and dangerous to children. A child safety monitoring system detected when a
child enters a dangerous area at home. The main objective of this system is to help avoid
child injuries. This system contains of three parts of circuits which are sensor circuit, RF
wireless transmitter and receiver circuit, and LCD display circuit. Infrared sensors are
embedded into a doorway to monitor activity so that the device can distinguish between
the presence of an adult and a child. When child cross through the doorway, the output
can be displayed on the LCD display to alert the parents of danger. The output display is
corresponded to a chosen position setting, for example bathroom and kitchen. The
devices are tested for accuracy and reliability.
 ABSTRAK

Projek ini bertujuan untuk membina sebuah sistem pemantau keselamatan kanak-
kanak. System ini dibina kerana kebanyakkan rumah yang besar berisiko tinggi kepada
kanak-kanak kecil. Tujuan utama system ini dibina adalah untuk mengelakkan
kecederaan kanak-kanak di rumah. System ini mempunyai tiga sub-litar iaitu litar
pemancar infrared, litar penerima dan pemancar wireless dan litar paparan keluaran
LCD. Pengesan infrared ditanam didalam pintu laluan untuk rnemerhatikan kanak-
kanak. System ini boleh membezakan antara dewasa dan kanak-kanak yang melintas
setiap pengesan infrared. Semasa kanak-kanak melintasi pintu laluan, keluaran akan
ditayang pada skrin LCD untuk menyedarkan ibu bapa bahawa anak mereka dalam
bahaya. Keluaran pada skrin boleh diubahsuai dengan tempat yang ingin dijadikan
sbagai kawasan yang berisiko kepada kanak-kanak, contohnya bilik air dan dapur.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TOPIC PAGE

PROJECT TITLE i
CONFESSION ii
DEDICATION v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT vi
ABSTRACT vii
ABSTRAK viii
TABLE OF CONTENT ix
. .
LIST OF TABLES xiii
LIST OF FIGURE xiv
LIST OF ABBREVIATION mi
LIST OF APPENDIX xvii

I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Project objectives
1.3 Problem statement
1.4 Scope of Project
1.4.1 Block diagram
1.4.1.1 Child
1.4.1 -2Infrared sensor
1.4.1.3 Encoder
 1.4.1.4Wireless transmitter 5
1.4.1.5Wireless receiver 5
1.4.1.6 Decoder 5
1.4.1.7PIC #1 5
1.4.1.7 LCD 6
1.5 Methodology 6
1.6 Structure of report 6

I1 LITERATURE REVIEW 8

Introduction
Safety system
2.2.1 Wireless security system
2.2.1.1 Active infrared sensor
2.2.1.2 Passive infrared sensor
2.2.1.3 Comparison passive and active
to infrared sensor
2.2.2 Discrimination Children from Adults
in Safety System
2.2.2.1 Acoustic Sensing
2.2.2.2 Comparison Acoustic Sensing to the
Infrared Sensor
2.2.3 Seat Monitoring Device
Encoder
Decoder
Radio Frequency Module Set, 3 15MHz
Microcontroller
PIC 16F877
2.8 Comparison Microcontroller PIC 16F8XX 26
111 METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Discrimination Children from Adults in
Safety System
3.1.2 Seat Monitoring Device
3.1.3 Child Safety Monitoring System
3.2 Full System
3.3 Flow Chart
3.4 Hardware
3.5 Programming
3.6 Model
3.7 Study and Research of the Project
3.8 Flow chat for Decoder

IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION 43

4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Doorway Configuration
4.2 Description of the Doorway Configuration
4.3 Results
4.3.1 Sensor Circuit
4.3.2 RF Wireless Transmitter and Receiver Circuit
4.3.2.1 Description of RF Wireless Transmitter
and Receiver Circuit
4.3.3 LCD Display Simulation
 xii

4.3.4 Output LCD Display

4.3.5 Description LCD Display Circuit
4.4 Analysis Result

V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Suggestion

REFERENCES

APPENDIX
 xiii

LIST OF TABLE

NO TITLE PAGE

2.1 Child Discrimination Parameters 15

2.2 The Major Company 8-bit Microcontroller and their Features 26
 xiv'

LIST OF FIGURE

NO TITLE PAGE

1. I Block diagram
2.1 Infrared LED Transmitter Sensor
2.2 Infrared LED Receiver Sensor
2.3 Blok Diagram of Remote and Central Location
2.4 Person Passes through the Transmitter and Receiver
2.5 Passive Infiared Sensor
2.6 Acoustic Sensor Detection Area
2.7 Encoder HT- 12E
2.8 Encoder HT- 12E Pins
2.9 Decoder HT-12D
2.1 0 Encoder HT- 12E
2.1 1 RF Wireless Transmitter Module
2.12 Front of RF Wireless Receiver Module
2.13 Back Side of RF Wireless Receiver Module
2.14 PIC 16F877 Pin Diagram
2.15 Types of PIC 16FXXX
2.16 LM324
3.1 Flow chart of this Project
3.2 Sensors Circuit Simulation
3.3 Encoder with Transmitter Circuit
3.4 Decoder with Receiver Circuit
3.6 LCD Display Output 'ADULTS'
3.7 Voltage Regulator Circuit
3.8 Frame of Prototype
3.9 Flow chart of Encode and Decode
4.1 Doorway Configuration
4.2 Project Model
4.3 Sensors Circuit Simulation
4.4 Sensor without Blocking Circuit
4.5 Sensor without Blocking Circuit
4.6 RF Wireless Transmitter and Receiver Circuit
4.7 LCD Display Output "Ready"
4.8 LCD Display Output "KITCHEN"
4.9 LCD Display Output "BATHROOM"
4.1 0 LCD Display Output "Ready"
4.1 1 LCD Display Output 'Wo Baby"
 xvi

LIST OF ABBREVIATION

RF - Radio Frequency
PIC - Programmable Integrated Circuit
 xvii

LIST OF APPENDIX

TITLE PAGE

Decoder HT- 12D

Encoder HT- 12E
Datasheet RF Wireless Transmitter Module, 3 15MHz
Datasheet RF Wireless Receiver Module, 3 15MHz
Datasheet QSD 123
Datasheet QED 123
Source Code PIC 16F877
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter is presented briefly explanation about this project. This chapter
includes of objectives, problem statement, scope of project, block diagram, methodology
and structure of report.

1.1 Introduction

A child safety monitoring system is a monitoring system to alert adult when a

child enters a dangerous or high-risk area at home. The monitoring device is able to
distinguish between children and adults to avoid false alarm when inadvertently
activated by adults. A safety system is designed to be always ON, non-intrusive,
sensitive and flexible. These features would help alleviate problems associated with
common consumer behaviors for busy parents who always working on desk. This
project is accomplished through the use of infrared sensor. Allow parents to choose
which areas are low, medium and high risk zone. Height is the parameter that varies
greatly between adults and children.
1.2 Objectives

The main purposes of this project are to create a monitoring system that alert
adult when a child enters dangerous or risky areas at home. This accomplish by using
infrared sensors which are plastic infrared light emitting diode and plastic npn silicon
phototransistor. This system allows parents to choose which areas are low, medium and
high risk zone. This system reduces the percents of false output display. It is because this
system differentiates between adults and children height. Besides, this system is using
LCD to display the output where baby is detected and using the C Language to program
the PIC16F877.

1.3 Problem Statement

Children under one year most often drown in bathtubs, buckets, or toilets [I].
Among children ages 1 to 4 years, most drowning occurs in residential swimming pools
[I]. Most young children who drowned in pools were last seen in the home, had been out
of sight less than five minutes, and were in the care of one or both parents at the time

Infrared sensors are applied in this project to sense a child when cross the
dangerous area. Infrared sensors are placed at the dangerous or high-risk areas. If a child
passes through the high-risk areas, the sensors can detect the child and the result will be
displayed on the monitor.

1.4 Scope of Project

The infrared sensors are placed at stairs, embedded in the doorway of kitchen
and bathrooms. The sensors are set at lower height to 1 centimeter, even a crawling baby
could be sensed when crossing the doorway. The upper height is set at 17.5 centimeters,
which is the average height for five years old. The range of wireless transmitter and
receiver by using Radio Frequency Module Set, 315MHz should cover at least 30
meters. This range is suitable for the size of double story house. The information from
sensors can be transmitted to the LCD display (output). The disadvantage of this system
is parents cannot keep their eye on their children when they are not on the desk. So they
cannot know whether their child is entering the dangerous zone or not.

The scope of project must be done to achieve the project objectives. It is

including:-

i. Circuit design
a. There are two pairs of infrared LED sensors which are set at
lower height for children at 1 centimeter and at higher height for
adults at 17.5 centimeters.
b. The transmitter and receiver circuit by using Radio Frequency
Module Set, 315MHz is function to transmit the signal from
infrared LED sensors to the receiver. Then receiver will send the
data to microcontroller (PIC 16F877) to display the baby's
position at LCD screen.

..
11. Programming design
a. CCS Compiler to program microcontroller (PIC 16F877).
1.4.1 Block Diagram

-
E D
C -
lnfraredsensorl n e
+ +

I (Kitchen) c c
, -, Transmitter
Wireless .+ Wrelen
Receiver
-, , -+ PIC LCD
L d #1
e
lnfraredsensor 2 _I
,D r r
(Bathroom)
I - ' ,

.
1

Figure 1.1 Block Diagram

The block diagram consists of child, infrared sensors, encoder, wireless

transmitter, wireless receiver, decoder and PIC #l.

1.4.1.1 Child

Child is the target for this project.

1.4.1.2 Infrared sensor

The infrared sensor will be detected the child's motion and sent a signal to the
encoder then to the wireless transmitter when a child crosses the path. Infrared sensors
will be embedded in the doorway of kitchen and bathrooms and placed at the stairs.
1.4.1.3 Encoder

Encoder can encode four bits of data and four address bits (16 addresses). One of
two input modes can be selected by connecting pin 8 eight high or low. In one mode the
encoding of data can be active high initiated by a transmit enable pin and in another
mode the encoding can be active low initiated by any or all data pins.

1.4.1.4 Wireless transmitter

The wireless transmitter will received the data output from encoder and then
sends the information to the wireless receiver.

1.4.1.5 Wireless receiver

The wireless receiver obtains the data information that is sent by wireless
transmitter and then sends the data information to PIC #l.

1.4.1.6 Decoder

When used as a decoder, either momentary or latched data outputs can be

selected by connecting pin 12 either high or low. A momentary valid transmit output
indicates when valid data is being received.

1.4.1.7 PIC #1

This microcontroller deciphers the information that is sent by the receiver and
outputs the information to the LCD.
1.4.1.8 LCD

LCD displayed the output where baby is detected.

1.5 Methodology

There are plans and method that has been used for project child safety
monitoring system in order to achieve the objectives successfblly:

i. Literature review.
..
11. Software development.
iii. Hardware development.
iv. Information research about PIC 16F877 with C language using PIC software.
v. Design input/output sensor setup.
vi. Build wireless system: Antenna, Transmitter and Receiver.
vii. Program coding and testing for PIC.
...
v111. Integrating input/output PIC #1 with receiver wireless module.
ix. Integrating between hardware and software.

1.6 Structure of Report

In the main, this report includes five main chapters. There are Introduction,
Literature Reviews, Methodology, Results and Discussion and Conclusions.

In Chapter I - Introduction, briefly explain overview of the entire project,

objectives, problem statement that is facing in daily life which is need to execute the
project, scope of work to develop the project and methods that are used.
 In Chapter I1 - Literature Review, all the theories is explained in this chapter are
taken and referred from journals, articles and books which are related to this project.

In Chapter I11 - Methodology, this chapter explains all the methods that are use
to accomplish the objectives of this project.

In Chapter IV - Result and Discussion, this chapter discusses the expected result
for this project.

In Chapter V - Conclusion and Suggestion, this chapter includes suggestion,

strengths and weakness of the project.