Design of Continuous Two-way slab

Banking hall
slab is restrained with edge beams
given
Material M15 grade concrete
HYSD reinforcement of grade Fe415
Solution : -
Assume 150 mm thick slab
Self load 0.15 x 25 = 3.75 KN / m2
floor finish = 1.00 KN / m2
Live Load = 3.00 KN / m2
Total 7.75 KN / m2
Pu = 1.5 x 7.75
= 11.625 KN / m2
ly / lx = 5 / 5
=1 < 2 i.e. two-way slab.
Middle strip :
IS 456-2000 Table -26 Two adjacent edges Discontinuous
Mu1 , Mu3 ( - ) = αx x w x lx2 = 0.047 x 11.625 x 52 = 13.66 KNm
Mu2 ( + ) = αy x w x lx =
2
0.035 x 11.625 x 52 = 10.17 KNm
From Table 6-3
For M15 mix and Fe415 steel, Q = 2.07
drequired = √M / Q x b
= √13.66 x 10 6
/ 2.07 x 1000
= 81.23 mm,
dprovided for positive moment reinforcement
= 150 - 15 - 10 - 5 ( assume 10 O bar )
= 120 mm, > 81.23 mm ……………….( O.K.)
dprovided for negative moment reinforcement
= 150 - 15 - 5
= 130 mm, > 81.23 mm ……………….( O.K.)
Mu / b x d ( + ) = 10.17 x 10 6 / 1000 x (120)2
2

= 0.706
Pt = 50 1-√1-(4.6 / fck) x (Mu / b x d2)
fy / fck

= 50 1-√1-(4.6 / 15) x (0.706)

415 / 15

= 50 [(1-0.885) x 15 / 415 ]
= 0.208%
 Ast = 0.208 x 1000 x 120 / 100
= 250 mm2
Provide 8 mm O bar
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m2 / m
= 50.24 x 1000 / 250
= 200.96 mm
Provide 8 mm O bar@ 200 mm c/c = 251 mm2.
Mu / b x d2 ( - ) = 13.66 x 10 6 / 1000 x (130)2
= 0.81
Pt = 50 1-√1-(4.6 / fck) x (Mu / b x d2)
fy / fck

= 50 1-√1-(4.6 / 15) x (0.81)

415 / 15

= 50 [(1-0.867) x 15 / 415 ]
= 0.240%

Ast = 0.24 x 1000 x 130 / 100

= 312 mm2
Provide 8 mm O bar
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m2 / m
= 50.24 x 1000 / 312
= 161 mm
Provide 8 mm O bar@ 150 mm c/c = 335 mm2.
For HYSD Fe415
Minimum steel = ( 0.12 / 100 ) x 1000 x 150
= 180 mm2
At discontinuous edges 4 and 5 , 50 % of the positive steel is required at top
= ( 1 / 2 ) x 251
= 126 mm2
This is less than minimum , therefore , use minimum steel at location 4 and 5 .
Provide 8 mm O bar
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m2 / m
= 50.24 x 1000 / 180
= 279.111 mm
Provide 8 mm O bar@ 260 mm c/c = 193 mm2.
More steel is provided to match with the torsion reinforcement.
In edge strip , minimum reinforcement is provided equal to 8 mm O @ 260 mm c/c.
Torsion steel :-
At corner A , steel required = ( 3/4 ) x 250
 = 188 mm2.
Provide 8 mm O bar
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m2 / m
= 50.24 x 1000 / 188
= 267.234 mm
Provide 8 mm O bar@ 260 mm c/c = 193 mm2.
This will be provided by minimum steel of edge strip,
At corner B , steel required = ( 1/2 ) x 188
= 94 mm2.
Provide 8 mm O bar
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m2 / m
= 50.24 x 1000 / 180
= 279.111 mm
Provide 8 mm O bar@ 260 mm c/c = 193 mm2.
This will be provided by minimum steel .
Note that positive reinforcements are not curtailed because if they are curtailed , the
remaining bars do not provide minimum steel.
Check for shear : -
At point 1 or 3
S.F. = w x l / 2 + Moment @ point 1 or 3 in that span
= 11.625 x 5 / 2 + 13.66 / 5
= 31.795 KN
100 x As / b x d = 100 x 335 / ( 1000 x 130 )
= 0.258
from table 7-1
for Pt = 0.258 , ‫ﺡ‬c = 0.354 N / mm2 0.25 differen 0.11
IS 456-2000 clause 40.2.1.1 0.242 differe ? -0.10648
k = 1.3 for 150 mm slab depth
Design shear strength = 1.3 x 0.354
= 0.460 N / mm2 ……………….( O.K.)
OR
Design shear strength ‫ﺡ‬c = 0.85 √ 0.8 x fck ( √ 1 + 5 x β - 1 )
6xβ
β = 0.8 x fck / 6.89 Pt , but not less than 1.0
= 6.75
Design shear strength ‫ﺡ‬c = 0.85 √ 0.8 x 15 ( √ 1 + 5 x 6.75 - 1 )
6 x 6.75
= 0.356
IS 456-2000 clause 40.2.1.1
k = 1.3 for 150 mm slab depth
Design shear strength = 1.3 x 0.356
= 0.463 N / mm2 ……………….( O.K.)
Actual shear stress = Vu / b x d
 = 31.795 x 103 / ( 1000 x 130 )
= 0.245 N / mm2 < ‫ﺡ‬c ……………….( O.K.)
At point 4 or 5
S.F. = w x l / 2
= 11.625 x 5 / 2
= 29.06 KN
100 x As / b x d = 100 x 251 / ( 1000 x 120 )
= 0.209
from table 7-1
for Pt = 0.209 , ‫ﺡ‬c = 0.321 N / mm2 0.1 difference 0.07
IS 456-2000 clause 40.2.1.1 0.041 differe ? -0.0287
k = 1.3 for 150 mm slab depth
Design shear strength = 1.3 x 0.321
= 0.417 N / mm2
OR
Design shear strength ‫ﺡ‬c = 0.85 √ 0.8 x fck ( √ 1 + 5 x β - 1 )
6xβ
β = 0.8 x fck / 6.89 Pt , but not less than 1.0
= 8.33
Design shear strength ‫ﺡ‬c = 0.85 √ 0.8 x 15 ( √ 1 + 5 x 8.33 - 1 )
6 x 8.33
= 0.326
IS 456-2000 clause 40.2.1.1
k = 1.3 for 150 mm slab depth
Design shear strength = 1.3 x 0.326
= 0.424 N / mm2
Actual shear stress = Vu / b x d
= 29.06 x 103 / ( 1000 x 120 )
= 0.242 N / mm2 < ‫ﺡ‬c ……………….( O.K.)
Check for development length : -
This is critical at point 4 or 5.
At point 4 or 5 , Vu = 29.06 KN No bar is curtailed or bent up.
Assuming L0 = 8 O (HYSD Fe415 steel )
Pt = 100 x As / b x d
= 100 x 251 / 1000 x 120
= 0.209
From equation OR
Pt = 50 1-√1-(4.6 / fck) x (Mu / b x d2) Mu1 = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d ( 1 - fy x
fy / fck = 0.87 x 415 x 251 x 120 (
we get , Mu1 / b x d = 0.711
2
= 10.8748
 Mu1 = 0.711 x 1000 x 1202 x 10-6 = 10.246
= 10.24 KNm
Development length of bars Ld = O σs / 4 x ‫ﺡ‬bd =54.3 O (From Table 7-6 )
1.3 x ( Mu1 / Vu ) + L0 ≥ Ld
1.3 x ( 10.246 x 106 / 29.06 x 103 ) + 8 O ≥ 54.3 O
458.355 + 8 O ≥ 54.3 O
46.3 O ≤ 458.355
which gives O ≤ 9.90 mm ……………….( O.K.)
Short span Vu = 11.25 x ( 4.5 / 2 ) = 25.31 KN
Assuming L0 = 8 O (HYSD Fe415 steel )
Pt = 100 x As / b x d
= 100 x 462 / 1000 x 160
= 0.289
From equation OR
Pt = 50 1-√1-(4.6 / fck) x (Mu / b x d )
2
Mu1 = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d ( 1 - fy x
fy / fck = 0.87 x 415 x 462 x 160 (
we get , Mu1 / b x d = 0.9595
2
= 26.6888
Mu1 = 0.9595 x 1000 x 1602 x 10-6 = 24.5539
= 24.56 KNm
Development length of bars Ld = O σs / 4 x ‫ﺡ‬bd =56 O (From Table 7-6 )
1.3 x ( Mu1 / Vu ) + L0 ≥ Ld
1.3 x ( 24.56 x 106 / 25.31 x 103 ) + 8 O ≥ 56 O
1261.48 + 8 O ≥ 56 O
48 O ≤ 1261.48
which gives O ≤ 26.28 mm ……………….( O.K.)
Note that the bond is usually critical along long direction.
Check for deflection : -
Basic ( span / d ) ratio = 26
positive moment steel = 251 mm2.
actual d = 150 - 15 -8 - 4
= 123 mm.
Pt = 100 x Ast / b x d = 100 x 251 / 1000 x 123 240.7
= 0.204
IS 456-2000 clause 23.2.1 fig-4 ,for tension reinforcement
modification factor = 1.65
( span / d ) ratio permissible = 1.65 x 26
= 42.9
Actual (span / d ) ratio = 5000 / 123
= 40.65 < 42.9 ……………….( O.K.)
Check for cracking : -
IS 456-2000 , clause 26.3.3
 (1) Main bars : maximum spacing permitted = 3 x effective depth of slab or 300 mm whichev
= 3 x 130 = 390 mm
spacing provided = 200 mm < 300 mm ……………….( O.K.)
(2) Distribu. bars : maximum spacing permitted = 5 x effective depth of slab or 450 mm whichev
= 5 x 120 = 600 mm
spacing provided = 260 mm < 450 mm ……………….( O.K.)
Note that the bottom reinforcements are both ways and therefore there is no necessity
of secondary reinforcements.However , top reinforcement in edge strip requires the
secondary steel for tying the bars.
This is minimum (0.12 / 100) x 150 x 1000 = 180 mm2
Provide 8 mm O bar
spacing of bar = Area of one bar x 1000 / required area in m2 / m
= 50.24 x 1000 / 180
= 279.111 mm
Provide 8 mm O bar@ 260 mm c/c = 193 mm2. for uniformity in spacing.
For clarity , top and bottom reinforcements are shown separately.

O @ 260 c/c 8
B
625 3750 625

625 Edge strip Middle Strip Edge strip

O @ 200 c/c 8
A A
3750 S1
O @ 260 c/c 8

625

Edge strip Middle Strip Edge strip

O @ 260 c/c 8 O @ 260 c/c 8
O @ 200 c/c 8

B O @ 150 c/c 8
500 O @ 200 c/c 8 O @ 260 c/c 8
150

O @ 260 c/c 8
1500 1500
625 3750 625
Section A-A
 5m

5m S1

0.047-
1
B

0.047-

0.035
3
Edge strip

Edge strip

5
5m S1
2 0.035
Middle Strip

A 4 B

625 3750 625 5m

ly/8 (3/4)ly ly/8
0.87 x fy x Ast x d ( 1 - fy x Ast / b x d x fck )
0.87 x 415 x 251 x 120 ( 1 - 415 x 251 / 1000 x 120 x 15 ) x 10 -6

( 1 - 0.0579 )
 KNm

0.87 x fy x Ast x d ( 1 - fy x Ast / b x d x fck )

0.87 x 415 x 462 x 160 ( 1 - 415 x 462 / 1000 x 160 x 15 ) x 10 -6

( 1 - 0.0799 )
KNm
of slab or 300 mm whichever is small
or 300 mm i.e. 300 mm
……….( O.K.)
of slab or 450 mm whichever is small
or 450 mm i.e. 450 mm
……….( O.K.)

O @ 240 c/c 8
1000
625 3750 625

1000 625 Edge strip Middle Strip Edge strip

O @ 140 c/c 8
1500 1500
500
3750 S1
1500

O @ 240 c/c 8

625
1500

Edge strip Middle Strip Edge strip

O @ 240 c/c 8 O @ 240 c/c 8
O @ 140 c/c 8

O @ 140 c/c 8
O @ 240 c/c 8 500 O @ 240 c/c 8
150

O @ 180 c/c 8
O @ 240 c/c 8
1500 1500
625 3750 625
0.047-