Nutritional disorders

Presented by Guided by
Mamta Sahurkar Asst prof. Shital
Laxminarayan Deshmukh
institute of
technology, Nagpur
 What are nutritional
disorders???
Food contains a number of
nutrients. When sufficient
quantity of right type of foods
are not eaten, many essential
nutrients are not available in
adequate quantities to the body
.The deficiency of these
nutrients may lead to various
nutritional disorders
Why malnutrition
occurs???
• Poverty
• Eating habits
• Lack of availaibility of nutritious
food
• Increasing urbanization
• Overpopulation
• Ignorance of relation of food to
health
 Overview
• PEM
Kwashiorkar
Marasmus
• Mineral deficiency
Anaemia
IDD( Goiter and cretinism)
• Vitamin deficiency
Night blindness
Rickets
Scurvy
• B complex deficiency
Beriberi
Photophobia
Pellagra
 PROTEIN ENERGY
MALNUTRITION
• PEM/PCM refers to various degrees
of disorders caused by inadequate
quantity of protein and energy in
diet

• Symptoms: Loss of weight

Development of
oedema

• Groups affected: children below 5

yrs of age when they are weaned
and diet supplements do not supply
KWASHIORKAR
 MARASMUS
• Often occurs in young children
and babies which leads to
dehydration and weight loss.
Starvation is a form of this
disorder

• Symptoms: Weight loss

Dehydration
Chronic diarrhoea
Stomach
shrinkage

• Complicated due to other

Prevention through dietary
management
• Primary focus is on eradicating poverty.

• Prolonged breast feeding as much as possible

but at right stage start feeding supplementary
foods.

• Make use of locally available vegetable and

animal protein foods for feeding the child.

• Educate mother and other members of family

regarding the correct diet.
Groups affected : Pregnant woman
Infants
pre school children from low income group

Causes: Inadequate intake of iron and its poor absorption

High phytate content of diet which render part of iron
Unavailable to the body
Losses of iron through sweat ,accidents, child birth

Preventive measures: Improvement of dietary habits

Supplementation
Parasites associated with blood loss should be
controlled
Fortification
Iodine deficiency
diseases(IDD)
• Goiter
Goiter is a disease of thyroid gland
characterized by enlargement of gland, visible
externally as a swelling on the front of the neck .
Cretinism
Condition with severely stunted
physical and mental growth
 Night blindness
Inability to see well at night or in poor
light.it is impairement of vision ultimately
leading to blindness.

Groups affected: Children

Pregnant women
School children

Causes: Vitamin A is available only from

animal origin
Lack of absorption of vitamin A and
carotene

Attempts: Fortification
Oral doses(60000 mcg)
Rickets
• Disorder caused by lack of vitamin D,calcium or
phosphate leading to softening and weakening of
bones.
• Vitamin D helps to control calcium and phosphate
levels.
• When vitamin D level becomes low in blood they
produce hormones that cause the calcium and
phosphate to leave the bones
Scurvy
 Preventive measures
• Scurvy is prevented easily by eating
plenty of foods high in vitamin C like
citrus fruits,spinach and tomatoes.
• A course of treatment is to eat lots of
vitamin C.
• Scurvy can be of negative outcome
to the patients if left untreated.
 B complex deficiency

• List of B complex
vitamins
B1: Thiamine
B2: Riboflavin
B3: Niacin
B5: Pantothenic acid
B6: Pyridoxine
B7: Biotin
BERIBERI

• Caused by deficiency of thiamine.Mainly in

coastal regions of Andhra where rice polished in
mills were used

• Groups: Baby,Adults who does not secrete

enough milk and has little thiamine.

Adults:
Dry beriberi: Arms and legs wasting away,loosing
their sensation
Wet beriberi: Swelling of limbs and impaired
function of heart.
Photophobia

As a medical symptom, photophobia is not a

morbid fear or phobia, but an experience of
discomfort or pain to the eyes due to light
exposure or by presence of actual physical
sensitivity of the eyes.It is caused by
deficiency of riboflavin.
 PELLAGRA

Caused by the deficiency of

niacin.It is a disease which
affects skin,gastrointestinal
tract and nervous system and at
times whole body.
Symptoms:
(4Ds)
• Dermatitis
• Diarrhoea
• Dementia
• Death
Preventive measures to avoid B complex deficiency

• Avoid use of polished cereals

• Encourage the use of paraboiled rice
in the diet
• Eating habits
• Switch to eating healthy and
nutritious food.
• Use of fortified foods.
• Avoid ignorance towards health
THANK YOU……