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Glue-laminated Construction
aka "Glulams"
Individual pieces of lumber glued together to finish under factory conditions;
Manufactured in standard widths, 1.5" actual depth, so overall depth is some multiple of 1.5" depending
on number of laminations.
In tight curve, .75" pieces are used.
Glu-Lam Uses
Used where required for heavy loads or long spans, and simple sawn timber not available.
Good for unusual shapes - ie. arches, tapered forms, pitched shapes.
Glu-Lam advantages
Allowable stresses are higher than solid timber bc wood can be selected w/out defects.
Seasoned + manufacturing under controlled conditions.
Truss Assembly
Factory-made assemblies consisting of small wood members (nom 2x4, 2x6), held w/toothed plate
connectors.
Can be parallel top & bottom chords for floor framing or sloped upper chords for roof framing.
Truss Use
Can be used for residential and light construction.
Common spacing is 24" on center.
Floor trusses up to 40' long; Roof trusses up to 70'.
Decking advantages
Satisfies code for heavy timber construction.
Easy install.
Attractive appearance .
Efficient use of material bc planking is floor structure + floor & ceiling finish.
Balloon frame
A wooden building frame composed of closely spaced members nominally 2 inches in thickness, in which
the wall members are single pieces that run from the sill to the top plates at the eave.
Advantages: easily constructed by a single carpenter and joints can be put together easily with a few nails.
Disadvantage: studs was too long to find naturally in forest and to erect efficiently. Furthermore, the tall
hollow spaces between studs acted as multiple chimneys that spreads fire to the upper floors; firestops were
needed to be install to prevent this hazard.
Joist
One of a parallel array of light, closely spaced beams used to support a floor deck or low-slope roof.
Rafter
A framing member that runs up and down the slope of a steep roof.
Firestop
A wood or masonry baffle used to close an opening between studs or joist in a balloon or platform frame in
order to retard the spread of fire through opening.
Platform frame
A wooden building frame composed of closely spaced members nominally 2 inches in thickness, in which
the wall members do not run past the floor framing members
Advantage: It uses short, easily handled lengths of lumber for the wall framing. Its vertical hollow spaces are
automatically stopped by the platform framing at each flooor. Its
platforms are convenient working surfaces for the carpenters who build the frame.
Disadvantages: platform constitutes a thick layer of wood whose grain runs horizontally. This leads
inevitably to a relatively large amount of vertical shrinkage in the frame as excess moisture dries from the
wood, which can cause distress in the exterior and interior finish surfaces
Stud
One of an array of small, closely spaced, parallel wall framing members; a heavy steel pin
Top plate
The horizontal member at the top of a stud wall.
Ceiling joist
A structural support typical in the triangle trusses of Gable & Hip Roof
Wracking
Forcing out of plumb
Batter board
Basically, a mini structure built as an offset of the actually building's corners so that strings can be stretch to
and from each batter board to indicate edges of the building. The purpose of this is to evacuate while
maintaining constant knowledge as where the building should be.
Rough carpentry
framing carpentry, as distinguished from finish carpentry
Bridging
Bracing or blocking installed between steel or wood joists at midspan to some cases, to permit adjacent joist
to share loads.
Blocking
Pieces of wood inserted tightly between joists, studs or rafters in building frame to stabilize the structure,
inhibit the passage of fire, provide a nailing surface for finish materials, or retain insulation.
Cripple stud
A wood wall framing member that is shorter than full length studs because it is interrupted by a header or
sill.
Shear wall
A sheathed wall that resist lateral forces.
Hold‐down
A steel angle plate bolted to the corner base of a shear wall and anchor to the either the floor or foundation
below to prevent the wall unit from pulling up off the story or foundation below.
Collar tie
A piece of wood nailed across two opposing rafters near the ridge to resist wind uplift.
Rake
The bottom horizontal edge of a steep roof.
Truss
A built-up frame employed on a long span roof unsupported by intermediate columns or partitions.
A design of a series of triangles used to distribute load and stiffen the structure spacing offering flexibility for
the interior as well as strenght and rigidity.