Unit 9 Algebra 1 Level: 1. Definition: Algebra and Algebraic Expressions

WORKING ON MATHS IN ENGLISH Isabel Leo de Blas
UNIT 9 ALGEBRA 1 ST LEVEL

SUMMARY
1. DEFINITION: ALGEBRA AND ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

1.1 MATHEMATICAL TRANSLATIONS
1.2 EVALUATION OF ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

1.3 FORMULAS
1.4 COLLECTING LIKE TERMS
1.5 EXPANDING BRACKETS
1.6 EQUATIONS WITH FRACTIONS
2. EAQUATIONS
2.1 TYPES OF EQUATIONS
2.2 EQUIVALENT EQUATIONS
2.3 SOLVING EQUATIONS
2.3.1 SHORTEST WAY OF SOLVING EQUATIONS
3. PROBLEM SOLVING: WRITING AND USING EQUATIONS
Webs for more practice:

http://www.math.com/school/subject2/lessons/S2U1L1DP.html
http://www.syvum.com/cgi/online/serve.cgi/squizzes/algebra/algeter1.html?custom
ALGEBRA VOCABULARY
- http://www.quia.com/rr/4096.html games and exercises for algebra
- http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/ buscar maths. Videos about algebra
- http://www.algebralab.org/practice/practice.aspx EXERCISE TO PRACTISE
ALGEBRA
- http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/maths/algebra/formulae1/revise1.shtml
ALGEBRA
http://www.algebrahelp.com/worksheets/view/wordproblembasics.quiz
1
http://www.teach-nology.com/worksheets/math/algebra/
http://www.algebralab.org/Word/Word.aspx EQUATIONS WORD PROBLEMS

(LESSONS AND EXERCISES ON LINE) (COINS, DISTANCE,
http://www.algebralab.org/Word/Word.aspx?file=Algebra_DistanceRateTimeI.xml
http://www.ixl.com/math/grade-6/write-variable-expressions-to-represent-word-problems
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
http://www.edhelper.com/AlgebraWorksheet11.html DISTANCE WORD PROBLEMS
- http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/index.html BASICS ALGEBRA
- http://www.crctlessons.com/One-Step-Equation-Test/one-step-equation-test.html
equation test
NOTE: THERE ARE pdf files: with more activities, problems and test of evaluation.
algebrawordproblems2.pdf
equationssolving2answ.pdf
One-Step Equations.pdf
Evaluating Expressions.pdf
Two-Step Equations.pdf
Variable and Verbal Expressions.pdf
Multi-Step Equations.pdf
equationssolving2.pdf
DISTANCEWORDPROBLEMS.pdf
equationsolving1.pdf
EVALUATION TEST
1algebraTEST.pdf
2
UNIT 9 ALGEBRA 1 ST LEVEL
“Algebra is the intellectual instrument which has been

created for rendering clear the quantitative aspects of the
world.”
Alfred North Whitehead
At the school festival they said: “Every class will have three times candies the
number of students”
In 1st A there are 20 students, so they will have 3 • 20 = 60 candies, In 1st B there are 23
students, so they will have 3 • 23 = 69 candies, etc.
Instead of repeating this operation for each class, we can write a general expression 3 • n,
where n is the number of students for each class. We have used a letter n, to represent an
unknown number.
For example if we don’t know the number of trees in a park, we can represent that number
with a letter, t. And when we talk about a particular park we can substitute that letter for a
number.
Numerical expression: two times 8 plus 5 = 2 • 8 + 5
Algebraic expression: two times a number plus 5 = 2 • n + 5 2n+5
http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/maths/pc/learningsteps/ (search in Google)
1. DEFINITION: ALGEBRA AND ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

Algebra is the part of mathematics that uses numbers and letters. Letters represent
quantities and we operate with them like numbers.
Investigate: where does the word algebra come from?
An algebraic expression is a mathematical expression formed with numbers, letters and
operators (+,–, • , :). The letters are called variables. We can work with any letter, but in
general we use x or y. Example: 4x–5
Coefficient 4x variable –5 constant So, 4 is the coefficient that
multiplies the variable x and 5 is a constant: a number on its own. This expression has 2
terms: 4x and 5. Terms are separated by + or –. A group of terms makes an expression.
3
Name the elements of these algebraic expressions:
Algebraic variables constants coefficients operators terms

expressions
2x – 5 + y X and y –5 2 and 1 – and + 2x, 5 and y
a + 2b
5x + 2 – 5y
Examples of algebraic expressions:

- Twice Ann’ s weigh = 2 x - Five more than a number = x + 5
x x
- Half of a number = - A pizza divided into tenths =
2 10
Therefore we translate English expressions to algebraic expression and vice versa.
1.1 MATHEMATICAL TRANSLATIONS
Addition Subtraction
2 + X is the same as: X – 7 is the same as:
- The sum of 2 plus x - The difference between x and 7
- x added to 2 - 7 subtracted from x
- 2 plus x - x minus 7
- x more than 2 - 7 less than x
- 2 increased by x - x decreased by 7
Multiplication Division Special Phrases

4x is the same as: 9 - 2x = twice or double a
is the same as:
x number x
- the product of 4 and x
- the quotient of 9 and x c
- x multiplied by 4 - = half a number, c
2
- 6 divided by x
- 4 times x 3d = a number, d, tripled, or
three times a number, d
4
Exercises:
A. Write an algebraic expression for each sentence (the 1st one is done for you):
x
1. A number divided by 10
10
2. 8 times a number
3. 6 less than half a number
4. Two less than a number

5. A number added to 15
6. Ten divided by twice a number
B. Choose the correct algebraic expression:

1. Three less than a number: A) 3 – n B) n – 3 C) 3n – 3
2. A number increased by 8: A) x – 8 B) x + 8 C) 8 + x
3. Six plus a number doubled. A) 2y + 6 B) 6 + y C) 6y : 2
4. Four times a number minus 3 A) 3 x – 4 B) 4x – 3 C) 3 – 4x
C. Match each expression: X+ 2 Five less than x
X2 Double x
5–x x squared
2x Two divided by x
X –5 x less than 5
2/x Two more than x
D. Complete:
1. This algebraic expression 3a + 8 has _________ terms. Its constant is ______. Its
coefficient is _______ and the variable is _______.
x
2. The expression – 2 has _______ terms. The coefficient is _______ . X is the
5
________ and –2 is the ____________.
3. The expression 2x + 3y + 4 has _______ terms. X and Y are the _________ and 2 and 3
are their __________. The constant is ___________.
5
E. Translate each sentence into an algebraic expression:
1. 4 multiplied by the sum of a number plus 3 4 (x + 3)

2. The difference when a number doubled is subtracted from 3
3. The quotient when the sum of 5 and a number is divided by 10.
4. The product when 15 minus 3 is multiplied by a number.
5. A number times the sum of 5 and 8.
6. The quotient when 12 added to a number is divided by 10.
F. Translate into an English expression:

1. a – 3a A number minus its triple.
2. 3 (a + 5)
3. a + a
4. 2 a – 1
20 – a
5.
10
G. Find and number the correct answer: __ d–2 __ c + 1,25
1. Paul is two years younger than Amy x c

__ __
2 3
2. A width doubled __ 2 x
3. One third of the students
4. Half her sister’s height
5 the price plus a tax of 1.25
H. Prepare dictations in groups for translating expressions. Start with a set of 6 expressions
for example, repeat each one three times and check the results in groups before correcting
together on the blackboard.
For example
a) The sum of two numbers times 4. And the students must write 4 (a + b)
Students could prepare similar exercises to these ones to show in class or in groups.
6
1.2 EVALUATION OF ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
To evaluate an algebraic expression, we replace the variables for numbers and we work
out the operations. The number we get is the value of the expression.
For example: 5x + 3y x= 2 and y= 3 5 • 2 + 3 • 3 = 10 + 9 = 19
x= 1 and y = 2 5 • 1 + 3 • 2 = 5 + 6 = 11
Continue for different values of x and y.

Exercises
1. Evaluate p + 2, when p is 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10
2. Evaluate:
a) r + t when r = 7 and t = 2
b) y + x – y when x = 3 and y = 2,3
c) 2 (x + 3) – x2 when x = 5
x 2
d) + – 2x when x = 3 Create similar exercises to your partners
2 4
1.3 FORMULAS
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/maths/algebra/formulaerev1.shtml
You can use algebraic expressions to create formulas. Formulas will generalize a situation.
One year has 12 months, 2 years = 2 • 12, and 3 years = 3 • 12 and so on.
Therefore, if we name x the number of years, we can express in a formula the number of
months for x = x12 or better 12x.
For example: the cost of a telephone call is 0,15 plus 0,05 per minute. If we name x the
number of minutes, the formula to calculate the cost will be: 0,15 + 0,05x
Solve these real life exercises and invent others:
1. Elizabeth wants to go to the gym. The price is 50 to

register and 45 per month. How much will she pay for 6
months? What is the formula to calculate the price?
2. Borja will use Internet at the cyber-café. They charge 20 c for the first 10 minutes and 5
cents for every five minutes or fraction. If he uses 35 minutes, how much will he pay?
Which of the follow is the general formula to calculate the price?
a) 20 x + 5 b) 20x + 5 y c) 20 + 5 x
7
1.4 COLLECTING LIKE TERMS
(Reducir términos semejantes)

Like terms: 2x + x Unlike terms: 3x + 2y or 4x – 2x2
Like terms contain the same variables and exponents 2x + x = 3 x
Like terms can be added or subtracted in order to simplify them: add the coefficient of the
variables with the same exponent and then add the numerals.
In an algebraic expression you can combine terms that are like terms and reduce them:
Ex: 3x + 2 + x – 1 3 x + x and 2 – 1 4 x + 1
Ex: 3y – y + 4x + x2 + 8 – x + 2 3y – y and 4x – x and x2 and 8 + 2
2
2y + 3x + x + 10
Exercises:
A) 5 x + 6 y – 2y + 3 + x + 6
B) 3x 2 – 2x2 + 4x3–7x2
1.5 EXPANDING BRACKETS

Working out an expression with brackets is called expanding brackets.
For example 5 (2x + 3)
First we multiply 5 * 2x and then 5*3 10 x + 15

Do you remember this property? Yes, it is the distributive property.
And also we could do the opposite finding the common factor

For example: 3x+6 = 3 (x + 2)
Exercises: expand the brackets or find the common factor in these algebraic expressions:
A) 4 (5x + 3)
B) 5x + 8x+3 + 9 –2x – 3
C) –3 (x +1 – 7x)
D) 8xy + 10 – 2 + 3x + 2xy
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/maths/algebra/formulae2/revise4.shtml
8
1.6 EQUATIONS WITH FRACTIONS
How could you solve this equation?
- 1st: Remove the brackets:
- 2nd: Remove denominators. Use the LCM. In this case the LCM is 9.
- 3rd: Collect the terms with the x in one member of the equation and the terms without x
in the other. (Remember to change the sign when passing a term from one member to
other).
6x – 18x = 2 – 18 + 3
- 4th: Work out and isolate x

–12x = –13
- 5th: Test the solution substituting the value of x in the starting equation.
WORK OUT THESE EQUATIONS. In groups check out your answers and propose
similar ones to your class.
9
2. EAQUATIONS
Stephen bought a sandwich for 1,50 and a drink. He paid 2,75 . What is the price of the
drink?
To solve this problem we can set an equation: Let’s called x the price of the drink, that is
the unknown factor, we get:
1,50 + x = 2,75
Equation: an algebraic expression that expresses an equality (Symbol: “=”)
Elements of an equation
- An equation has two parts called members: one at each side of the equal symbol.
On the above example the two members are 1,50 + x and 2,75
- Unknown factors or Variables: an equation has, at least, one variable that represents the
unknown quantity or factor.
X is the variable of the above example.

To solve this equation we have to find the value of the unknown factor, x.
X = 2,75 – 1,50 = 1,25 is the drink.
Exercise: translate each sentence into an equation and the opposite:

Ex.: - Six less than a certain number is equal to thirteen n – 6 = 13
- Ten years from now Hanna will be 35 x + 10 = 35
1. Two Euros off the regular price of the book is 9,90

2. Two less than twice a number is equal to ten.
3. One more than twice a number is equal to three.
4. Tony is 32 kg fat. He is half the weight of his father.

5. One third of the price is $ 22.
6. Sue is five years younger than Jim. She is twelve.
7. x + 3 = 8
8. x + y = 10
10
2.1 TYPES OF EQUATIONS
We classify the equations attending to the exponent of the variable and the number of
variables:
1. Linear equations with one variable, exponent 1. They also called 1st degree equations.
x +2 = 3 variable x, exponent 1 x1 = x
2. Equations with 2 variables and exponent 1 x + y = 8
3. Quadratic equations: the exponent of a variable is 2. They are also called 2nd degree
equations.
x2 + x+ 3 = 2
4. Systems of equations (simultaneous equations): 2 equations, 2 variables and exponent 1
x + 2y = 8
2x – 3 = y
In this course we are studying linear equations with one variable.
http://www.studygs.net/equations.htm
Solve the following exercises and propose similar ones to your class
1. What is the degree of these equations?
a) x + 1 = 5 b) x2 + 8 = 2x + 1 c) x3 + x = 8 –3 d) x + 2y = 8
2. Indicate the members and variables for the above equations:
3. Choose the correct equation for these expressions:
1. The sum of two consecutive numbers equals 20 :

a) x + 1 = 20 b) x + x+1 = 20 c) x + 1 = 20 + x
2. The sum of two consecutive odd numbers is 24

a) x + x+1 = 24 b) x + 2 = 24 c) x + x+2 = 24
3. I have a number of blue berries and Susan has twice this amount minus 10 she ate. In
total we have 125. How many blue berries do I have?
a) x + 2x – 10 = 125 b) 2x + 10 = 125 c) x + 2(x–10) = 125
4. Cathy is 2 years older than Nike and together they are 35. How old is Cathy?
a) x + 2 = 35 b) x + 2+ x = 35 c) x –2x = 35
5. In a shop they sold 60 packages of white paper and 15 of colour paper. The price of one
package of colour paper is 1 more than the package of white paper. For the total amount
of papers they got 165 . How much are one package of white paper and one package of
colour paper? a) x +1+60x = 165 b) 15(x+1)+60x = 165 c) 165 = 60x + 15x
11
2.2 EQUIVALENT EQUATIONS
Two equations are said to be equivalent if they have the same solution.
Ann is buying a number of apples in the market at 5 c each and she is
paying in total 50 cents. How much is one apple? 5 x = 50
5x 50
If she divides the 5 apples between five children: 5 x = 50 = x=
5 5
10, each child has to pay 10 cents.
If she decides to buy 2 bananas for 30 c, so the equation for the total price is
5 x + 30 = 50 + 30
One banana in not OK, so she returns it and gets a discount of 15 c:
5x +30 –15= 50 + 30 –15
All these equations are equivalent.
We can create equivalent equations using the following methods:
a) Add or subtract the same quantity on either sides of an equation.

b) Multiply or divide both sides of an equation by the same quantity.
Let’s create equations equivalent to 5a = 50 using the methods mentioned above.
· Add 3 to each side.
5a + 3 = 50 + 3 gives 5a + 3 = 53
· Subtract 2 from each side.
5a – 2 = 50 – 2 produce an equivalent equation 5a – 2 = 48
·Multiply each side by 4.
5a 4 = 50 4 gives 20a = 200
·Divide each side by 5.
5a ÷ 5 = 50 ÷ 5 gives rise to an equivalent equation a = 10
Solved Example on Equivalent Equations:
Which of the following equations is equivalent to the equation 3(x – 5) = 4x?

A. 3x = – 45 B. 3x = 45 C. 2x = 15 – x D. x + 3 = – 18
12
Step 1: Let us first solve the given equation 3(x – 5) = 4x.
Step 2: Distribute the 3 that is outside the parenthesis to every term inside the
parenthesis and multiply: 3x – 15 = 4x
Step 3: 3x – 4x – 15 = 0 [Combine the terms containing ‘x’.]
Step 4: – x – 15 = 0 [Simplify.]
Step 5: – x – 15 + 15 = 15 [Add 15 to each side.]

Step 6: – x = 15 is the same as x = – 15 [Simplify.]
Step 7: Now, we need to identify from the choices listed the equation with the same
solution: (–15).
Step 8: Among the given choices, only 3x = – 45 simplifies to x = – 15 upon dividing both
sides by 3.
Step 9: So, 3x = – 45 is the equation equivalent to the given equation.
Exercise:
Write two equivalent equations to these ones and propose similar ones to your partner:
a) 3x + 4 = 11 b) 9x = 27 c) x – 3 = 11
2.3 SOLVING EQUATIONS

http://www.mathplayground.com/howto_algebraeq1.html
To solve equations we need to transform it into simpler equivalent equations.
- On an equation we want to isolate the unknown factor or variable, usually named as x.
- We collect all the like terms with the variable x on one side of the equation and the
numerals on the other side, after the equal symbol.
- To do that we add, subtract, multiply or divide, as we need it. Remember, if we add a
number on one member of the equation we have to do the same on the other member to
have equivalent equations. In general any operation done on one member has to be done on
the other.
Example 1: Here we need x alone and for that we subtract 5 in both members.
x + 5 = 10 x + 5 – 5 = 10 – 5 x = 10 – 5 x = 5
Example 2: here we need to isolate x by dividing the two members by 3

3x 15
3x = 15 = x=5
3 3
It is necessary to attend the circumstances of the equations to see what operation should be
done to isolate x.
13
2.3.1 SHORTEST WAY OF SOLVING EQUATIONS
As subtraction is the inverse operation to addition and division is the

inverse operation to multiplication, we can pass one term from one side to
other doing the inverse operations and proceed as follow:
Ex: x + 5 = 10 x = 10 – 5 x = 5
Here we have done:

- 1st: isolate x and for that we need to pass 5 to the other member.
- 2nd: As 5 is been added; to pass to the other side of the equal symbol we have to do
inverse operation, which is subtraction. In this way we reduce the operations (subtract 5 for
each member).
Using this way we save time, but it is important to know why we can do that: because we
shorten the process to find equivalent equation as we have learnt in point 2.3 above.
Solved example 1: work out this equation 5 – x = 2x – 4

- 1st Collect like terms: 5 + 4 = 2x + x
- As 4 is minus on the right side of the equal symbol, we do the inverse and add it to the
left side of the equal symbol 5 + 4
- Then we do the same with – x and change the sign to be added on the 2nd member 2x+x
- 2nd Reduce operations: 9 = 3x
- 3rd Isolate x: To do that we need to pass 3 to the other member. As 3 is multiplying x, it
9
will pass to the other member dividing: = x 3 = x
3
Solved example 2: work out this equation: 3 (x +2) = x – 1

- 1st: work out the brackets: 3x + 6 = x – 2
- 2nd: collect like terms and change the terms from one member to another when it is
necessary. Remember to operate inversely to do that.
–8
3x – x = –2 – 6 2x = – 8 x= = – 4, so x = – 4
2
Work out these equations:
a) 3x +2 = x –2 b) 2(2x –3) = x + 6 c) x – 1 = x + 5x + 9
14
Solve the next equations on line:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/apps/ifl/schools/gcsebitesize/maths/quizengine?quiz=equationstest&templateStyle=maths
What’s number is missing? You can find it out using equations

a) ____ + 5 = 7 b) ____+ 2 = 28 c) ____ – 3 = –12 d) ___ –4 = –7
3. PROBLEM SOLVING: WRITING AND USING EQUATIONS

There are many applications of equations in solving problems. Let’s see some strategies
and examples.
The first thing is to set up the unknown or variable (x, for example). Be very careful how
you organize the facts writing data clearly. And then write correctly the algebraic
expressions of both members of the equation.
Then we have to solve the equation in order to isolate the variable x. Remember to do all
the operations needed and the order of operations (brackets, powers, multiplication and
division, addition and subtraction).
PROBLEM 1: Sixteen is four more than half a number. Find that number.
Data
x x x
x = the number 16 = 4 + 16 – 4 = 12 = 12 • 2 = x
2 2 2
x
half a number 24 = x
2
PROBLEM 2: Lucas won the $50 first-place prize for his short story
at the literature contest. This was $10 more than the amount of
money for third place. How much money did the third –place winner
receive?
Data
1st prize: $50
x = money for 3rd place ? 50 = 10 + x 50 – 10 = x 40 = x
15
PROBLEM 3: Mary and Louis work at the refreshment stand at the pool. The owner of the
1
stand pays them of whatever they sell. Last Sunday, Mary sold $42 worth of
6
refreshments. If her earnings that day were twice those of Louis, how much did Louis earn
on Sunday?
Data
Mary sold $42 Mary earned $7
1 1 7
Earnings = of 42 42 = 2 x 7 = 2x = x 3,5 = x
6 6 2
x = Louis earnings
Mary = 2 x, so Louis earned $ 3,5
PROBLEM 4: Here we suppose to have the maximum quantity of money for each bill or
type of coin.
COINS PROBLEMS: Andrew has 125 in bills of 20 and 5. How many bills of each one
has he got?
Data
x = number of bills 20x + 5x = 125

125
20 x 25x = 125 x = =5
25
5x x = 5 bills 5 • 20 = 100 and 5 • 5 = 25

Total 125 So he has 5 bills of 20 and 5 bills of 5
16
PROBLEM 5
DISTANCE PROBLEMS OR SPEED PROBLEMS Distance word problems, often

involve something traveling at some fixed and steady speed, or else moving at some
average speed. Whenever you read a problem that involves "how fast", "how far", or "for
how long", you should think of the distance equation or formula, d = rt, where d stands for
distance, r stands for the (constant or average) rate of speed, and t stands for time. In
d
general speed = distance / time s=
t
Example problem: Two sisters, Jana and Isabel, live at a distance of 278 km long. They
leave at the same time from opposite sides. Jana drives at a constant speed of 100 km per
hour and Isabel at 120 km per hour. They decided to meet in the way. How long after they
begin will they meet?
J 278 I
Therefore we can solve the next problem in two ways:

1. Using the distance formula: d = rt and substituting the data we have:
Data
d = 278 km d = r t 278 = 100t + 120t

278
Jana’s rate of speed = 100 x 278 = 220 t t = = 1.26
220
Isabel’ rate of speed = 120 x So, they will meet after 1, 26 hours
t = ? (variable) meeting time of driving
2. Not using the formula and setting up an equation. The 2nd way is the same than 1st, but
without writing the formula.
Data
x = meeting time 100x + 120x = 278

278
Jana 100 x 220x = 278 x = = 1.26
220
Isabel 120 x x = 1,26 h So they will meet after 1, 26 hours
Distance = 278 km of driving.
17
WORD PROBLEMS TO TEST YOUR KNOWLEGDE
Could you choose the correct answer for these problems and show the process? Propose
similar ones to your group.
1. Two cyclists start at the same time from opposite ends of a course that is 45 miles long.
One cyclist is riding at 14 mph and the second cyclist is riding at 16 mph. How long after
they begin will they meet?
a) 1h 30 ´ b) 2 h c) 1 h 15
2. If we have 75 in 12 bills of 5 and 10 , how many bills do we have of 5 and how
many of 10 ?
a) x = 10 b) x = 9 c) x = 5
3. The sum of the ages of the three brothers is 37. Ruth is 2 years less than Paul and Paul is
3 years younger than Mary. How old is Mary?
a) 10 b) 12 c) 15
4. My father asked me to solve this problem: A farm has pigs and chickens. If we count the
total number of heads are 35 and the total number of legs are 116. How many pigs and
chickens are there?
a) 21 b) 23 c) 12 a) 21 b) 23 c) 12
5. In a book shop Hanna bought a book with the third part of her money. Now she has 12
. How much money did Hanna have?
a) 15 b) 18 c) 18 More practice at page
1 with webs-sites and
pdf activities
18

Unit 9 Algebra 1 Level: 1. Definition: Algebra and Algebraic Expressions

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WORKING ON MATHS IN ENGLISH Isabel Leo de Blas

UNIT 9 ALGEBRA 1 ST LEVEL

1. DEFINITION: ALGEBRA AND ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

1.2 EVALUATION OF ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

3. PROBLEM SOLVING: WRITING AND USING EQUATIONS

Webs for more practice:

http://www.algebralab.org/Word/Word.aspx EQUATIONS WORD PROBLEMS

UNIT 9 ALGEBRA 1 ST LEVEL

“Algebra is the intellectual instrument which has been

1. DEFINITION: ALGEBRA AND ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

Coefficient 4x variable –5 constant So, 4 is the coefficient that

Name the elements of these algebraic expressions:

Algebraic variables constants coefficients operators terms

2x – 5 + y X and y –5 2 and 1 – and + 2x, 5 and y

Examples of algebraic expressions:

1.1 MATHEMATICAL TRANSLATIONS

Multiplication Division Special Phrases

4. Two less than a number

B. Choose the correct algebraic expression:

C. Match each expression: X+ 2 Five less than x

2/x Two more than x

E. Translate each sentence into an algebraic expression:

1. 4 multiplied by the sum of a number plus 3 4 (x + 3)

F. Translate into an English expression:

G. Find and number the correct answer: __ d–2 __ c + 1,25

1. Paul is two years younger than Amy x c

1.2 EVALUATION OF ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

Continue for different values of x and y.

Solve these real life exercises and invent others:

1. Elizabeth wants to go to the gym. The price is 50 to

1.4 COLLECTING LIKE TERMS

(Reducir términos semejantes)

1.5 EXPANDING BRACKETS

First we multiply 5 * 2x and then 5*3 10 x + 15

And also we could do the opposite finding the common factor

1.6 EQUATIONS WITH FRACTIONS

How could you solve this equation?

- 1st: Remove the brackets:

- 4th: Work out and isolate x

X is the variable of the above example.

Exercise: translate each sentence into an equation and the opposite:

1. Two Euros off the regular price of the book is 9,90

4. Tony is 32 kg fat. He is half the weight of his father.

2.1 TYPES OF EQUATIONS

1. What is the degree of these equations?

2. Indicate the members and variables for the above equations:

3. Choose the correct equation for these expressions:

1. The sum of two consecutive numbers equals 20 :

2. The sum of two consecutive odd numbers is 24

2.2 EQUIVALENT EQUATIONS

We can create equivalent equations using the following methods:

a) Add or subtract the same quantity on either sides of an equation.

Solved Example on Equivalent Equations:

Which of the following equations is equivalent to the equation 3(x – 5) = 4x?

Step 1: Let us first solve the given equation 3(x – 5) = 4x.

Step 5: – x – 15 + 15 = 15 [Add 15 to each side.]

2.3 SOLVING EQUATIONS

Example 2: here we need to isolate x by dividing the two members by 3

2.3.1 SHORTEST WAY OF SOLVING EQUATIONS

As subtraction is the inverse operation to addition and division is the

Here we have done:

Solved example 1: work out this equation 5 – x = 2x – 4

Solved example 2: work out this equation: 3 (x +2) = x – 1

G. Find and number the correct answer: d–2 c + 1,25