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Abstract—Currently the National Optical Fiber Backbone implemented 40 wavelengths. The provincial capital cities
Network is the main data network infrastructure financed by have Metro Ethernet 10Gbps links with the Core Network. It
the Peruvian government, which has been granted to Azteca has 136 nodes along its route.
Comunicaciones Peru —a subsidiary of Azteca—to provide
broadband carrier services for eighteen years. The purpose of This network has four international interconnection nodes
this project is to interconnect one hundred and eighty and includes Core Nodes, each located in eight regional
provincial capital cities, with the aim of reducing the big gap capital cities; Aggregation Nodes, each located in twenty two
between the capital city of Lima and the provinces in Peru, in regional capital cities; Distribution Nodes, each located in
terms of accessibility and affordability to the Internet. This the one hundred and eighty provincial capital cities;
paper analyzes the problems of the current technical-economic Connection Nodes, located in the route of fiber laying.
model of the network, determines which aspects should be
improved and proposes a new model, aimed at enabling a
greater development of broadband in Peru.
I. INTRODUCTION
The goal of national backbone network is to constitute
the main communications platform throughout a country
reaching the smallest geopolitical division, in the case of
Peru the district cities [1]. In general, national backbone
networks are financed by the Government and do not have as
objective a direct monetary profitability but the increase of
the coverage and the number of subscribers of the broadband
service generating a greater competition in telecom services
and increasing the penetration of broadband services that
would allow the increase of GDP [2].
Studies on the National Optical Fiber Backbone Network
of Peru were initiated in 2008 at the initiative of the FITEL-
Government telecommunications investment fund-and was
awarded to the Azteca Comunicaciones Peru company in
2013, which started installations in July 2014 and begun
operations in mid-2016. To date, having already
implemented the project and being almost two years since its
implementation, it is noticed that the use of this transport
network is insignificant in relation to what was expected, not
fulfilling the purpose for which it was created in accordance
with Law 29904 [3, 4].
IST = IL + DN + RT + AO (1)
Where:
IL: Internet cost in Lima Fig. 3. Costs for a local provider in district outside of Lima.
In case of small local Internet provider without subsidy, C. The backbone network objective is to mass the Internet.
the connection cost is approximately $20, by performing a Consequently, the rate should not include the recovery
sensitivity analysis for a variation of the Internet purchase of the investment, only the O&M costs.
price in Lima in range $10 to $19.5, or 2Mbps the price to
the end user would vary between $52 to $49 and for 4Mbps
between $67 to $59 which can be seen in Fig. 5. In Table II there is a big price difference between the
dominant operator's fee and that of a local operator that uses
In current model, a reduction of internet price in Lima the backbone and the regional transport network. This fees
does not have a significant impact on the reduction of the are the result of two input variables: a) Internet cost in Lima
final fee due to the high cost of the backbone network ($23) and b) transportation cost of the backbone network plus
and the regional transportation network ($23). Also, this regional transportation network. To estimate maximum fee,
model limits to small local operators although the regulation we assume that the dominant operator uses the backbone and
does not prevent it. The difference cost at market resulting
the regional transport network and we look for the values (a) is possible reduce price per Mbps of the backbone network
and (b) that allow us to obtain the values of their current fees. and backbone network architecture allows to scale capacities.
The international Internet transport maximum cost for a
provider as the dominant operator is in the order of $2; TABLE III. COSTS FOR HAVING 100GBPS IN PROVINCIAL CAPITALS
consequently, the cost in Lima for the dominant operator is 10 Gbps for each province
set to $2. Replacing this value and looking for the transport 1 000 Mbps for each province
price that result in the closest to the current fees of the 180 Province
dominant operator. Following an iterative process, we 180 000 Mbps for each province
estimate the top rate of the backbone network together with 14 500 000 O&M Annual USD fee
the regional transportation network which is $3 per Mbps. 80.56 Annual cost per optical fiber 10Gbps
8.06 Annual cost considering 100Gbps
The fee determination of backbone network is not the 0.67 Cost per Mbps (US$) Monthly
objective of this paper since estimating the exact value
requires further analysis [7]. The exercise performed together
with analysis, evidence the following: V. REMARKS ON BACKBONE NETWORK
A. The price of $23 per Mbps without VAT is very high. Although the core network is prepared to meet the
current demand, restricted by the high costs generated by the
D. The maximum fee of $23 established by OSIPTEL for current model, the network is prepared to increase its
the regional transport network is higher than backbone capacity up to 100λ with speeds of 10/100Gbps, however the
network cost. Also, in most cases regional transport capacity to connect to the provincial capitals is only 10Gbps,
which should be increased to 100Gbps. The Fig. 6 shows the
network do not exceed 5% of length of backbone
proposal for a new model with the following criteria:
network.
B. The division of the national transport in two networks A. A single transport network to the district capital
excessively raises the price to $46, which contrasts with transporting greater capacities
the $3 maximum transport cost for the dominant
B. Marketing of 100Mbps units. It would allow equal fees
operator.
across country
C. The Internet purchase price in Lima, of $19.5 estimated
C. Allow to network operator to sell Internet to other
by OSIPTEL, has fallen by competition effect and it is
providers, generating more competition in the market
now possible to find it from $10 up to $15, depending on
the volume of purchase. D. Eliminate the restrictions that the backbone network
currently has, that limit its income and efficient use
D. It is clear that backbone network should no longer sell
capacity in Mbps units but at least in units of 100Mbps,
with volume discounts for purchases of 1Gbps or more.
(i)
As there is a greater demand, one of the questions is:
“Does the O&M costs of the backbone network allow us to
provide competitive transport prices?” The answer is yes.
The architecture of the backbone network is fully Fig. 6. New model for backbone and regional Internet access networks..
scalable, so it is feasible to go from 10Gbps to 100Gbps
without significantly increasing the CAPEX of the Network
and without increasing the OPEX. If we take into account VI. CONCLUSIONS
that all investment, O&M costs of the backbone network are
The regulatory model of backbone network must be
guaranteed by government, and that the annual maintenance
modified to enable an efficient use of the network. Also, the
cost amounts to $14.5 million, taking into account 180
backbone network must reach to the district capital cities.
provincial capitals with 10Gbps per each province, it is
possible perform an analysis to determine the cost per Mbps. The cost of $23 for the backbone network is very high at
have two transport networks to reach the district capital city.
Taking into account that the fiber optic cable of the
network has 24 fibers and that the equipment located in the The operation cost of transport is not sensitive to the
distribution nodes are Service Access Switch with high increase in capacity over a wide range, so that, the cost-per-
throughput it is possible to add optical network elements to Mbps scheme should be changed.
go from 10Gbps current capacity to 100Gbps, thus the
100Gbps modules on both ends of the link and using only It is necessary to eliminate some restrictions in backbone
two fibers of the 24 available fiber optic cable of the network, for example, allow to market the Internet with
backbone network. The cost per Mbps for the case of others international operators, which would allow it to adjust
100Gbps in the provincial nodes is shown in Table III. efficiently to the current dynamics of the market.
In the future, using 20 fibers it will be possible to pass A massive use of the backbone network will lead to
from 10Gbps to 1Tbps. For this scenario, the cost per Mbps greater social benefits, boosting the economy of the country.
would be $0.07. According to the results, we observed that it
REFERENCES [4] MTC, “Plan Nacional para el Desarrollo de la Banda Ancha en el
Perú, Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones”, 2011.
[1] Karina Montoya, “Red de Redes a la Peruana”, Revista Semana
Económica , N° 1475, pp. 8-10, Junio 2015. [5] OSIPTEL, “Informe Nº 007-GPRC/2015”, Lima, 2015
[6] https://www.osiptel.gob.pe/documentos/oferta-comercial-2018.
[2] A. García Cevallos y E. Iglesias Rodríguez, “Informe Anual del
Índice de Desarrollo de la Banda Ancha en América Latina y el [7] Patrick Maillé, Bruno Tuffin, “Telecommunication Network
Caribe (IDBA 2016)”, 2017. Economics From Theory to Applications”, Cambridge University
Press, April 2014
[3] Ley Nº 29904, “Ley de Promoción de la Banda Ancha y Construcción
de la red Dorsal Nacional de Fibra Óptica”, Julio 2012.