Unit 6

Exception Handling
 What is Exception?
• An exception is an unwanted or unexpected
event, which occurs during the execution of a
program i.e at run time, that disrupts the
normal flow of the program’s instructions.
• It is an object which is thrown at runtime.
 Exception Handling
• The Exception Handling in Java is one of the
powerful mechanism to handle the runtime
errors so that normal flow of the application
can be maintained.
• Runtime errors such as
ClassNotFoundException, IOException,
SQLException, RemoteException, etc.
 Error & Exception
• Errors indicate that something severe enough
has gone wrong, the application should crash
rather than try to handle the error.
• Exceptions are events that occurs in the code.
A programmer can handle such conditions and
take necessary corrective actions.
Exception Handling with 5 Keywords
Syntax
Exception Types(Hierarchy)
java.lang.Throwable (Root Class)

ArithmeticException,
IndexOutOfBoundsException,
NullPointerException
1) Checked Exception
• The classes which directly inherit Throwable class
except RuntimeException and Error are known as
checked exceptions e.g. IOException, SQLException etc.
Checked exceptions are checked at compile-time.
2) Unchecked Exception
• The classes which inherit RuntimeException are known
as unchecked exceptions e.g. ArithmeticException,
NullPointerException,
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException etc. Unchecked
exceptions are not checked at compile-time, but they
are checked at runtime.
3) Error
• Error is irrecoverable e.g. OutOfMemoryError,
VirtualMachineError, AssertionError etc.
Example
Example 2
 throw keyword
• throw throwableinstance;
• ThrowableInstance must be an object of type
Throwable or a subclass of Throwable.
• Primitive types, such as int or char, as well as
non-Throwable classes, such as String and
Object, cannot be used as exceptions.
• There are two ways you can obtain a
Throwable object:
• using a parameter in a catch clause, or
creating one with the new operator.
example
 throws keyword
• throws is a keyword in Java which is used in
the signature of method to indicate that this
method might throw one of the listed type
exceptions
 example

• error: unreported exception

InterruptedException; must be caught or
declared to be thrown
• Hello Geeks
throw vs throws
Runtime Exceptions
Checked Exceptions
Own Exception
Own Exception class
 Chained Exceptions
• Chained Exceptions allows to relate one
exception with another exception, i.e one
exception describes cause of another
exception.
• For example, consider a situation in which a
method throws an ArithmeticException
because of an attempt to divide by zero but
the actual cause of exception was an I/O error
which caused the divisor to be zero
• Constructors Of Throwable class Which support
chained exceptions in java :
1) Throwable(Throwable cause) :- Where cause is
the exception that causes the current exception.
2) Throwable(String msg, Throwable cause) :-
Where msg is the exception message and cause is
the exception that causes the current exception.
• Methods Of Throwable class Which support
chained exceptions in java :
1) getCause() method :- This method returns actual
cause of an exception.
2) initCause(Throwable cause) method :- This
method sets the cause for the calling exception.
o/p