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1. According to Plato, “Education is the capacity to feel pleasure and pain at the

right moment”.

2. According to Aristotle, “Education is the creation of a sound mind in a sound

body”

3. According to John Dewey, “Education is the development of all those capacities

in the individual which will enable him to control his environment and full fill his

possibilities.”

4. According to Gandhiji, “Education is drawing out of the best in child - body,

mind and spirit”.

5. Swami Vivekananda defined education as the "manifestation of the perfection

that is already in man".

6. According to Shankaracharya, “Education is the realization of the self.”

7. According to Indria Gandhi, “Education is a liberating force, and in our age it is

also a democratizing force, cutting across the barriers of caste and class,

smoothing out inequalities imposed by birth and other circumstances.”

8. Dr. Zakir Hussain. “Education is the process of the individual mind getting to its

full possible development.

9. Froebel. “Education is the unfoldment of what is already enfolded in the germ. It

is the process through which the child makes internal external.”

According to Aristotle- “Education is the process of training man to fulfill his aim
by exercising all the faculties to the fullest extent as a member of society”.

According to Socrates- "Education means the bringing out of the ideas of universal
validity whichare latent in the mind of every man".

According to John Dewey- “Education is a process of living through, a continuous

reconstruction of experiences”.

According to Allama 'qbal--“Education is the activity of recognizing god and

understanding oneself”

According to (ha)ali--“Education is the activity of enabling an individual to

recognize the god and discriminate between good and bad”.

According to Shah Wali ulla--“Education is the activity of developing the sense of

good and evil so that an individual can choose the good and re!ect the evil”.
1. Rigved: “Education is something which makes man self-reliant and selfless”.

2. Upanishad: “Education is for liberation”.

3. Bhagavad Gita: “Nothing is more purifying on earth than wisdom.”

4. Shankaracharya: “Education is the realization of self’.

5. Gunrunner: “Education is self realization and service to people”.

6. Kautilya: “Education means training of the country and love of the nation”.

7. Panini: “Human education means the training which one gets from nature”.

8. Vivekanand: “Education is the manifestation of the divine perfection, already

existing in man.”

9. Gandhi: “By education, I mean an all-round drawing out of the best in the Child
and man body, mind and spirit.”

10. Tagore: “The widest road leading to the solution of all our problems is
education.”

11. Sri Aurobindo: “Education which will offer the tools whereby one can live for
the divine, for the country, for oneself and for others and this must be the ideal of
every school which calls itself national”.
Concepts of Education as defined by Western philosophers.

1. Socrates: “Education means the bringing out of the ideas of universal validity
which are latent in the mind of every man”.

2. Plato: “Education is the capacity to feel pleasure and pain at the right moment. It
develops in the body and in the soul of the pupil all the beauty and all the
perfection which he is capable of.”

3. Aristotle: “Education is the creation of a sound mind in a sound body. It

develops man’s faculty, especially his mind so that he may be able to enjoy the
contemplation of supreme truth, goodness and beauty of which perfect happiness
essentially consists.

4. Rousseau: “Education of man commences at his birth; before he can speak,

before he can understand he is already instructed. Experience is the forerunner of
the perfect”.

5. Herbert Spencer: “Education is complete living”.

6. Heinrich Pestalozzi: “Education is natural harmonious and progressive

development of man’s innate powers”.

7. Friedrich Willian Froebel: “Education is unfoldment of what is already enfolded

in the germ. It is the process through which the child makes internal external”.
1. B.F Skinner was what type of theorist?

o Psychoanalysis

o Trait theorist

o Behaviorist

2. What animal did he most work with?

o Dogs

o Cats

o Cows

o Pigeons

3. What did he observe in his clinical trial?

o unconscious

o physiological processes

o observable behavior

4. T or F-Skinner made a plexiglass box to hold his child

o True

o False

5. Is positive or negative reinforcement more effective

according to Skinner?

o Positive

o Negative

6. Behavior modification has been proven effective with

what type of people?
o Children

o Adults

o Mentally Healthy

o Mentally ill

o All of the above

7. Bouncing the ball three times before every free throw

would be considered a what according to Skinner?

o Positive reinforcement

o Negative reinforcement

o Superstitious Behavior

8. Did Skinner favor free will or determinism?

o Determinism

o Free Will

9. What theorist did Skinner base his own research from?

o Allport

o Freud

o Pavlov

o Erikson

10. The ability to exert control over the variables that

determine our behavior is called what?

o Superstitious behavior

o self-control

o behavior modification
o successive approximation

(H.C. Morrison, 1934)--Teaching is an intimate contact between a more mature

personality and a less mature one which is designed to further the education of
the latter

(John Brubacher, 1939)--Teaching is an arrangement and manipulation of a

situation in which there are gaps and obstructions which an individual will seek to
overcome and from which he will learn in the course of doing so

(B.O. Smith, 1960)--Teaching is a system of actions intended to produce learning

(N.L. Gage, 1963)--Teaching is a form of interpersonal influence aimed at changing

the behaviour potential of another person

(Edmund Amidon, 1967)--Teaching is defined as an interactive process, primarily

involving classroom talk which takes place between teachers and pupils and
occurs during certain definable activities

(Clarke, 1970--Teaching refers to activities that are designed and Chapter – I :

Introduction ( 4 ) performed to produce change in student (pupil) behaviour)

(Thomas F. Green, 1971)--Teaching is the task of a teacher which is performed for

the development of a child

Morse and Wingo (1968)-- viewed the teaching as "understanding and guiding of
children as individual and as groups. It means the providing of learning
experiences that will enable each learner to grow continuously and sequentially
towards his delt role in society".

Lawrence (1966) --also viewed teaching as a complex process to be studied

entirely in a "live" situation.

Gage (1963)-- in his book ‘Handbook of Research on Teaching’ tried to give a

concise account of information on teaching which at places is so fragmentary and
diverse that no conclusion can be drawn for the nature of teaching. I
9. Which of the following act/plan/scheme/commission of British recommended a twelve-
year school course after passing the intermediate examination, rather than the
Matriculation?
A. Hunter Education Commission, 1882-83
B. Indian Universities Act, 1904
C. Sargent Plan of Education
D. Sadler University Commission, 1917-19

8. Which of the following act/plan/scheme/commission of British envisages the

introduction of universal free and compulsory education for children between the ages of
6 and 14?
A. Sargent Plan of Education
B. Wardha Scheme of Basic Education
C. Indian Universities Act, 1904
D. Hunter Education Commission, 1882-83

7. Which of the following plan or scheme of Modern Education associated with Zakir
Hussain Committee?
A. Hunter Education Commission (1882-83)
B. Wardha Scheme of Basic Education
D. Sargent Plan of Education

4. Which of the following college in England was established to impart training to civil
servants?
A. East Indian College
B. Punjab National College
C. Fort William College
D. Imperial College

2. Who among the following was the founder of Sanskrit College at Banaras?
A. Warren Hasting
B. Jonathan Duncan
C. Lord Wellesley
D. Sir Charles Wood
1. Who among the following set the Calcutta Madrasa in 1781 AD?
A. Warren Hasting
B. Jonathan Duncan
C. Lord Wellesley
D. Sir Charles Wood
1 . Complex of colleges is called .................... .
A. Unitary University B. Federal University
C. State University D. Central University

2 . The aim of education in Vedic system of education is

A. Personality development
B. Character formation
C. Preservation of culture
D.All of the above

3 . The main feature of Muslim education was

A. Vocational education
B. Technichal education
C. Propagation of Muslim religion
D.Propagation of Hindu religion

4 . Indigenous schools were appreciated by

A. Bentinck B. Adam
C. Macaulay D. Wood

5 . Secondary Education Commission was established in

A. 1964 B. 1948
C. 1952 D. 1854

6 . Kothari Commission was formed under Education Minister

A. Abdul Kalam Azad B. K.L. Shrimali

C. M.C. Chagala D. K.C. Pant

7 . A draft of challanges in Education was published in

A. January 1985 B. August 1985

C. May 1986 D. August 1986

8 . In which education system, student was termed as 'Shraman'?
A. Vedic B. Islamic

C. Buddhist D. None of these

9 . On whose leadership is founded the University at Pondicherry?

A. R.N. Tagore B. Swami Vivekananda

C. Sri Aurobindo D. Mahatma Gandhi

10 . The South Asia University is situated in the city of

A. Colombo B. Dhaka

C. New Delhi D. Kathmandu

11 . The University Grants Commission was established with which NOT of the following
aim?
A. Promotion of research and development in higher education

B. Identifying and sustaining institutions of potential learning

C. Capacity building of teachers

Providing autonomy to each and every higher educational institution in
D.
India

12 . The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in institutions of higher education in India at present
(2015) is about
A. 8 percent B. 12 percent

C. 19 percent D. 23 percent

13 . The total number of central universities in India in April 2017 was

A. 8 B. 14

C. 27 D. 46

14 . The maximum number of fake institutions / universities as identified by the UGC in

the year 2014 are in the State / Union territory of India?
A. Bihar B. Uttar Pradesh

C. Tamil Nadu D. Delhi

16 . Which of the following are the tools of good governance?
A. Social Audit and Separation of Powers

B. Citizen’s Charter

C. Right to Information

D.All of these

17 . Right to privacy as a Fundamental Right is implied in

A. Right to Freedom

B. Right to Life and Personal Liberty

C. Right to Equality

D.Right against Exploitation

18 . Which of the following organizations deals with “capacity building programe” on

Educational Planning?
A. NCERT B. UGC

C. NAAC D. NUEPA

19 . Education as a subject of legislation figures in the

A. Union List B. State List

C. Concurrent List D. Residuary Powers

20 . Which of the following are NOT Central Universities?

A. Pondicherry University

B. Vishwa Bharati

C. H.N.B. Garhwal University

D.Kurukshetra University

23 . Which one of the following Councils has been disbanded in 2013?

A. Distance Education Council (DEC)

B. National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE)

C. National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT)

D.National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC)

24 . Which of the following statements are NOT correct about the National
Assessment and Accreditation Council?
A. It is an autonomous institution.
It is tasked with the responsibility of assessing and accrediting
B.
institutions of higher education.
C. It is located in Delhi and It has regional offices.

D.All of these

27 . Which one of the following statements is not correct about the University Grants
Commission (UGC)?
A. It was established in 1956 by an Act of Parliament.

B. It is tasked with promoting and coordinating higher education.

C. It receives Plan and Non-Plan funds from the Central Government.

D.It receives funds from State Governments in respect of State Universities.

28 . India has the highest number of students in colleges after

A. U.K. B. U.S.A

C. Australia D. Canada

29 . Indian Institute of Advanced Study is located at

A. Dharamshala B. Shimla

C. Solan D. Bilaspur

30 . Indicate the number of Regional Offices of National Council of Teacher Education.

A. 4 B. 5

C. 6 D. 8

31 . Who among the following created the office of the District Collector in India ?
A. Lord Cornwallis

B. Warren Hastings

C. The Royal Commission on Decentralisation

D.Sir Charles Metcalfe

32 . The aim of value education to inculcate in students is
A. the moral values B. the social values

C. the political values D. the economic values

33 . Indicate the number of Regional Offices of University Grants Commission of India.

A. 7 B. 2

C. 8 D. 3

34 . The first Open University in India was set up in the State of

A. Andhra Pradesh B. Delhi

C. Himachal Pradesh D. Tamil Nadu

35 . Most of the Universities in India are funded by

A. the Central Government

B. the State Governments

C. the University Grants Commission

D.Private bodies and Individuals

36 . Which of the following organizations looks after the quality of Technical and
Management education in India ?
A. NCTE B. MCI

C. AICTE D. CSIR

37 . India’s first Defence University is in the State of

A. Haryana B. Andhra Pradesh

C. Uttar Pradesh D. Punjab

38 . Most of the Universities in India
A. conduct teaching and research only

B. affiliate colleges and conduct examinations

C. conduct teaching/research and examinations

D.promote research only

41 . Which statement is not correct about the “National Education Day” of India?
A. It is celebrated on 5th September every year.

B. It is celebrated on 11th November every year.

It is celebrated in the memory of India’s first Union Minister of Education,
C.
Dr. Abul Kalam Azad.
D.It is being celebrated since 2008

42 . Deemed Universities declared by UGC under Section 3 of the UGC Act 1956, are not
permitted to
A. offer programmes in higher education and issue degrees.

B. give affiliation to any institute of higher education.

open off-campus and off-shore campus anywhere in the country
C.
and overseas respectively without the permission of the UGC
offer distance education programmes without the
D.
approval of the Distance Education Council

43 . The e-content generation for undergraduate courses has been assigned by the Ministry
of Human Resource Development to
A. INFLIBNET

B. Consortium for Educational Communication

C. National Knowledge Commission

D.Indira Gandhi National Open University

44 . Who heads the committee, constituted by the Government of India, to draft the New
Education Policy
A. TSR Subramanian B. V K Saraswat

C. Sam Pitroda D. Yash Pal

45 . Who was the first Chairman of University Grant Commission?
A. Prof. Yash Pal B. Prof. S.S. Bhatnagar

C. Prof. D.S. Kothari D. Dr. Manmohan Singh

47 . Which of the following institutions in the field of education is set up by the MHRD
Government of India?
A. Mythic Society, Bangalore

B. India International Centre, New Delhi

C. Indian council of world Affair, New Delhi

D.National Bal Bhawn, New Delhi

48 . Ministry of Human Resource Development (HRD) includes:

A. Department of Elementary Education and Literacy

B. Department of Secondary Education and Higher Education

C. Department of Women and Child Development

D.All of the above

49 . Which of the following is/are a minority institution(s) ?

A. St. Stephens College, Delhi

B. Punjabi University, Patiala

C. Osmania University, Hyderabad

D.Kashmir University, Srinagar

50 . Which of the following statements are correct about the National Advisory Council
(NAC) ?
A. It is headed by the Prime Minister of India.

B. It facilitates constant interaction with the leaders of civil society.

C. It provides policy and legislative inputs to the Government of India.

D.Both (B) and (C)

51 . The University Grants Commission was constituted on the recommendation of:
A. Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan Commission

B. Kothari Commission

C. Mudaliar Commission

D.Sargent Commission

52 . The University which telecasts interactive educational programmes through its own
channel is:
A. University of Pune

B. B. R. Ambedkar Open University, Hyderabad

C. Annamalai University

D.I.G.N.O.U.

53 . The Government established the University Grants Commission by an Act of

Parliament in the year:
A. 1950 B. 1956

C. 1961 D. 1967

54 . Universities having central campus for imparting education are called:

A. Residential Universities

B. Open Universities

C. Central Universities

D.Deemed Universities

55 . The policy recommended by the Kothari Commission vis-a-vis language is

A. Hindi

B. Mother Tongue

C. Two language formula

D.Three language formula

56 . Which of the following State does not have State Open University?
A. Assam B. Orissa

C. West Bengal D. Bihar

57 . RTE Act was implemented in India with effect from
A. 1st May 2010 B. 1st April 2008

C. 1st April 2009 D. 1st April 2010

58 . The first National Policy on Education in free India was launched in the year
A. 1960 B. 1968

C. 1972 D. 1978

59 . Why is Sharda Act important in the Indian context?

A. It recommends free education for all children up to the age of fourteen.

B. It prohibits child marriage of girls.

C. It prohibits child labour.

D.It recommends supply of study materials to girls free of cost.

60 . Operation Black-Board Programme was introduced to improve

A. Primary Education B. Secondary Education

C. Higher Education D. Teacher Education

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