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ATENÇÃO!! AS REDAÇÕES DE 1 ATÉ 32 É CERTEZA QUE SÃO DO PTE! EM SUA PROVA VAI CAIR UMA DELAS!
ISSO EH UM FATO! PORTANTO, DECORE OS ARGUMENTOS DESSAS 32 REDACOES!!! O SEGREDO DO
WRITING EH VC DECORAR OS ARGUMENTOS DESSAS REDACOES E DAÍ QUANDO VC CHEGAR NA HORA DA
PROVA VC JÁ SABE O QUE ESCREVER, DAÍ VC VAI FAZER A REDACAO RAPIDINHO E TERÁ TEMPO PARA
REVISÁ-LA. BONS ESTUDOS!!

1.Do you think consumer should avoid over packed products or it is responsibility of producer to avoid extra packaging of
products?” Give your views or any relevant example with your own experience.
There is no doubt that packing products is necessary. Companies pack their products to ensure that they keep it fresh and in good
condition during the transportation and the storage. Also, packing products can be seem as a marketing strategy to make the products
more appealing for consumption. The problem is the amount of packing the companies use. Some people say that the responsibility
to avoid over packed products is of the producers, while others argue that are the consumers who should avoid to buy them.

To begin with, companies should consider reducing over packing products for economical purposes. As an example, McDonalds
reduced the amount of plastic bags they use on their takeaway meal and by this their costs reduced by a staggering 30% compared to
the year before. Thus, by diminishing their material they can save a substantial money.

In addition, producers can reduce their carbon footprint by simply using recycled material. For instance, a large milk factory called
Parmalat has reduced their environment waste by 15% just by changing the material they use to pack their milk. This example shows
how companies have a major impact on choosing the correct material for their products packages.

In conclusion, it is true that consumers could take the responsibility and avoid buying over packed products, but by the examples
above we can say that are the producers actions that have more impact on this matter, thus, companies should take a more pivotal
role on this situation.

2.Many people think regions affect successful persons. What is your opinion about native regions and accomplished person
influence on the regions they belong to?
Do you think that place where the person grew has an influence on his accomplishments? Explain with example.
Success depends mostly on a proper childhood education and the determination and focus of a person to be successful. Although the
infrastructure of a region may affect the probability of a person to be a winner at life, our world has several examples of persons who
came from a poor area but has achieved many things in life. This essay will bring these examples as well as show how a successful
person can influence other on their native regions.

To begin with, let's take Usain Bolt. He is a worldwide famous runner who won many gold medals and is recognized as the fastest
man in the world. Bolt was born in poor area in Jamaica but, despite the lack of support and infrastructure of his area he maintained
his focus to be the number one runner in the world. By practicing every day he could become the best professional runner in the
world. This example shows that even if a person was born at the wrong place, he can achieve great goals.

Moreover, Muhammad Ali, who is a winner professional boxer that came from the ghetto of USA is also a good example of how a
person from a poor region can become a role model for the youngsters. Muhammad Ali showed the world that the best way to keep
away from the violence and crimes is to focus on his goals and practice over and over to become the best. Ali is a perfect example of
how a person can be a role model and influence people positively.

In conclusion, it is undeniable that the region a person is born may affect the probability to achieve success, but its the will power,
focus and determination that will be the key factors to be a winner on life.

3.The environment we are living in is in danger due to various problems…so who do u think should be responsible to solve it?
Is it the governments, organization or each individual?
Climate change and about the roles that Government, Corporate and Individuals can play to improve it.
The environmental problems we have to deal nowadays is in every government agenda. If we don't do anything to stop the harms we
do to the environment we may no longer live on this world for many more years. The question is who is responsible to solve such
problems. Is it the governments, companies or the regular persons responsibility? This essay will analyze these 3 actors and show
that each of them can take proper actions.

Firstly, the governments can help to tackle this issue by continuing investing on new researches on green energy and ways to restore
the environment. In addition, governments can also introduce tax policies to encourage companies to use green fuels.

Secondly, the companies should urgently change the source of energies they use on their factories. Its mandatory to stop using fossil
fuels and move towards cleaner energies such as solar and wind. Also, companies should use more and more recycled materials.

For last, each individual can also contribute to the environment by using recycled bags for shopping, go cycling to the work or using
shared rides. On top of that, people should consume in a more responsible way, avoiding buying products that causes too much harm
to be produced.
In conclusion, it is felt strong that everyone has a major role on the environmental problems we face these days. If the governments,
companies and each individual act together we can maintain the world a good place to live to our next generations.

4.Nowadays TV has become an essential part of life. Medium to spread news & awareness and for some it acts like a
companion. What is your opinion about this?
Television has many useful functions to play in everyone’s life, for some its relaxation, for some it is companion. Discuss your
viewpoint and support your answer with examples and discussion point.
Since the invention of television, society has changed drastically. Before television people could only get the news from newspapers
and radio, but with the advent of the TV people now can get the news from different types channel, get entertainment, obtain
knowledge from educative channels and even buy products with the help of television.

The advantages of television are uncountable. From our living room we can get in touch with different cultures around the world,
update ourselves with the latest news from our surrounding neighborhood or even from the other side of the planet. In addition, TV
has a great impact on early kids with educational programs teaching them the basics of life.

On the other hand, TV also has some drawbacks. If not used prudentially people can get apart from each other staying only in home
watching TV all day long. Also, if a person choose to watch only bad TV shows she can get her mind polluted with crap and
sensationalist TV shows. Moreover, there are some programs that don't always bring the truth about certain matter, so a good choice
of channel is essential to make a proper use of the television.

In conclusion, television is one of the greatest inventions of the last century. Bringing us the recent news, good entertainment and
also knowledge and culture, TV has some great benefits. However, to make a good use of this technology, it is important to know
how to use it prudentially.

5.Company Top level Authorities should or should not take employees suggestions or ideas to take any decisions. Discuss
In the modern days, innovation is a key factor for every company to stay alive in this competitive market. The question is whether
the top level authorities should take the employees suggestions and ideas or this activity should remain only to the board directors.
This essay will analyzes the key points on this matter.

To begin with, there is no doubt that its the employees who deals with the daily operations of the company who can see what can be
done different and in a better way. Therefore, their voices should be heard and be taken into account. However, if the top level
authorities decides to listen to everyone it could only lead to chaos. In addition, some employees can bring up ideas with personal
interests on top of the success of the company.
Nevertheless, the directors should promote ideas contests with strict rules to be followed, so the process of generating idea don't
become chaotic. Employees with good ideas that are able to be implemented should be rewarded as this will lead to an innovation
culture among the company.

In conclusion, the top level authorities should take employees ideas and suggestions, but its their responsibility to analyze the inputs
and consider if it should be implemented. In this way everyone has something to gain, from the bottom to the top level.

6.Successful sports stars and glamorous film stars are a role model for youngsters. Do u support it or not? (Agree/Disagree)
Imitating celebrities in sports and movies is good or bad
Nowadays, with the advance of social media, more and more youngsters take glamorous sports and film stars as their role models.
This new youth generation sees their favorite stars as a person to imitate regardless of their acts. The problem with this is that the
youth can't distinguish what is a good behavior, which should be followed, or a bad behavior, which, of course, shouldn't be
followed.

To begin with, these days, more and more movie and sports stars have an extremely bad behavior such as drug and alcohol abuse. In
addition, they show their selves partying too much and even molesting young kids. This kind of behavior should never be followed
by anyone, but because these stars earns a lot of money and have everything that a youngster wants, they become an inspirational
model.

Moreover, there's another problem which is related to the models featured at the magazines and fashion media. These models showed
at the photos aren't actually the real person but a digitally transformation to picture the perfect body. The problem remains in the fact
that the young people can't realize that these photos aren't real and this leads the young girls to food disorders like bulimia and
anorexia.

In conclusion, I do not support that youngsters should have film and movies stars as theirs role model. Parents should pay attention
to who their children are taking as their role models and indicate the right individuals to be taken as an example. Successful
scientists, philosophers and entrepreneurs should be the ones who to be taken as a role model for this young generation.

7.In education system, assessment through written formal examinations is valid or not.
Do you think that formal written examinations are a good way to assess knowledge at school?
Throughout history, the traditional written assessment has been the standard to determine whether a student has learned or not a
specific subject. Although many years have passed, this kind of assessment remains the most used form to test the students. This
essay will analyze the positives and negatives points of the traditional written assessment.

Firstly, the written assessment is a good a way to test if a student has learned the subject because its objective on its purpose. The
correction is unbiased, it has a consistent level of different grades that a person can achieve and it also covers a large area of the
course. In addition, it is also easy and fast to elaborate this kind of exam.

However, written assessment has its drawbacks since it encourages students to memorize the book a night before just to pass through
the exam thus leading to a false assessment since the student didn't actually learned the subject. Moreover, it has other flaws such as
exam frauds, students cheating and plagiarism.

In conclusion, I believe that written assessment is a good a way to check if a person has learned the subject, but it shouldn't be the
only criteria. Nowadays there are other ways to assess, such as oral and practical exams, group projects and even presentation. In a
nutshell, as the society evolves, so the educational system should evolve.

8.Large shopping malls are replacing small shops. What is your opinion about this? Discuss with appropriate examples.
Large shoppings is trend that seems to stay. While before people had to travel between different parts of the city to buy the goods
they need, now, at only one place a person can find almost everything she needs. Some people say that the replacement of small
shops to large shops its a bad trend, others argue that it has more benefits than negatives sides. This essay will analyze both sides and
bring up a conclusion.

To begin with, the main benefit of large shopping malls is that it has everything in one place. For instance, in any good large
shopping you can find clothes and electronic stores, food courts, entertainments such as cinemas and theaters and even a gym. This
makes easy for a whole family to gather together for a day of fun. In addition large shoppings generates thousands of jobs and brings
tax revenue to the state.

However, it has its drawbacks. For example, large shopping malls often get really crowded which is a perfect place to spread
diseases. Moreover, because it has plenty of stores with a huge diversity of products and discounts, many people can't control
themselves and spend more money that they should. For last, sometimes it can be really painful to find a place to park their cars.

In conclusion, I believe that the benefits of large shopping malls outweigh the negatives sides. Hence, this trend should continue as
everyone wins something with it: the state, the citizens and the entrepreneurs.
9.Talk about the pros/ cons of this era as is full of daily inventions
Since the Industrial Revolution, society has developed more and more innovations in a fastest pace. In one year you have the most
powerful computer ever made, but in the following year someone comes up with a computer twice as faster. This era full of daily
inventions has many great benefits but at the same time it comes with some drawbacks. This essay will analyze the pros and cons of
this trend.

The invention of new technologies comes to help us on a daily basis or in an industrial basis. Talking about our daily lives, the
invention of Smartphones brought to us a new way to live. With this technology we can use the GPS to easily navigate through big
cities or even do a price research while shopping. Moreover, when talking about innovations in the industry, the new machines and
robots came to produce higher quality products and increase the company output. These are just some of the plenty pros that the
daily inventions brought to us.

However, this new inventions comes with some drawbacks. For instance, the robots and machines in the industries took the jobs of
thousand workers, leaving several families without an income and thus having to survive in a hard way. In addition, the fast pace of
inventions make every product disposable because in the next month a better one will come, thus, making people to buy more to stay
up to date to the new technologies.

In conclusion, the benefits of many inventions outweigh the negative sides, hence, society should keep this pace of daily inventions
bringing up new solutions for the problems we encounter on our daily lives.

10.Any new technological development in the recent years is a boon or curse for the society in general
The invention of the Internet is definitely one of the greatest achievements of human society in the past decades. In fact, the Internet
brought the world closer, blurring the borders between countries making easier for every person around the world to communicate to
each other. It is assumed that nowadays 50% of the world population is connected to the Internet. This essay will analyze the
benefits and negatives sides of this huge innovation on human society.

To begin with, the Internet has many benefits in different sectors. When talking about education it has provided us a single platform
to access almost all information that humans has generated using sites like Google. Moreover, it's easy to get entertained by playing
games, watching movies, listening to music or reading a book. In addition, communication was heavily changed with the
introduction of e-mails and later on the VOIP calls using softwares such as Skype and finally we now have the social media sites. For
last, we can't forget to state the benefits it brought to the business scenario, providing websites to every small business to sell their
products and to enable partnership with other companies from the other side of the world.

However, with all these benefits also came some drawbacks such as real life social problems, identity theft, underage pornography
and games addiction. These are just some negative examples that developed with the invention of the Internet.

In conclusion, undoubtedly the Internet has more advantages than disadvantages, thus it is felt strong that people should continue to
introduce ways to avoid and diminish the problems that came up with the Internet. In a nutshell, like any invention, the benefits will
come if we use it in a proper way.

11.It is argue that getting married before finishing school or getting a job is not a good choice. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?
Many people get married before finishing school or getting settled in a stable job. This is apparent in universities and offices. It is
argued that getting married before completing these key moments of a person's life is very risky and can bring many problems to the
couple. In fact, I personally believe that is true and thus this essay will show the problems that may appear.

To begin with, getting married brings some responsibilities that can impact directly on a person dedication to the college. For
instance, a married person has to take out some of his time to spend with his partner thus reducing the time she would dedicate to the
studies, whereas a single person has all his time dedicated to the studies. By this example we can see how the marriage may impact
directly on a person's education.

Moreover, the initial stages of the work life is often hard and demands a considerable amount of time to establish yourself in a good
position at the company you work. There is the possibility of you being relocated to another city or even a country, hence, being
married can be an obstacle. Looking at these examples, it can be said that getting married before settling ona job is not a good
decision.

In conclusion, its undeniable that getting married before those key moments of a person's life is something that should be avoided as
much as possible. The college life and the initial work career is a great moment for a person to mature herself, but if one get married
before completing these moments will only become an obstacle.

12.Parents should be held legally responsible for their children’s acts. What is your opinion? Support it with personal
examples….
Nowadays we often see on the news kids that drive under the effects of alcohol, bring guns to the school, sexually abuse other kids
and many other atrocities. But the main question that remains is that who is responsible for these kids acts. Some argue that the
parents should be legally responsible for their children's acts, while others argue that shouldn't. This essay will analyze the both
sides.

To begin with, it is well known that in the early stage of life, kids are like sponges, absorbing and imitating everything they observe.
Ideally, during the development stages, children learn language, culture, basic manners, ethics and morals. Based on this, if a parent
has an abusive behavior with alcohol or drugs, chances are very high for a child to imitate and behave similarly. Therefore, this
shows that parents have a big responsibility on how this kid will grow up as an adult.

On the other side, some argue that from a certain moment in life, parents don't have control of everything his child will learn. For
instance, a youngster can have bad influence from his friends at school or even a teacher. Thus, parents shouldn't be responsible for
the acts of their children.

In conclusion, I believe that parents should be held legally responsible for their children's act but the severe punishment should be
applied to the kid while the parents should be obligated to take parenting skills class and perform community services or pay a hefty
fine.

13.Marketing strategy for big companies should be placed on offer and discounts, and in what ways this can impact on their
reputation.
Marketing strategy plays a crucial role in the growth of every company. But when dealing with marketing strategies many companies
are not able to decide whether they should focus on place offers and discounts or to work on their reputation. In my opinion
companies should concentrate on offers and discounts. This essay will analyze the benefits of this strategy.

Firstly, companies have to spend on advertisements to promote their discounts and special offers. Once the advertisement campaign
is successful, customers will naturally be lured to purchase the product and consequently will enhance the reputation of the company.
For instance, Nestle promotes their noodles with discount on price and by doing this she attracts the customers to buy their product
instead of the product from rival. This strategy will create an influx on the revenue during that period and also contribute to the
reputation of the company.

Moreover, many startups companies place aggressive discounts and offers to their new products in order to attract the attention of
people and to generate an influx of revenue, which is really important specially for a startup company. This exemplifies that
investing on offers and discount contributes to the revenue and to the reputation.

In conclusion, I personally think that placing offers and discount is a good strategy because it not only promote the company and
reputation as also generates an influx of revenue to help the growth of the company.

14.Some people believe laws change human behavior. Do you agree with it?

In every civilized country there are laws to maintain order and peace in a society. If there were no laws, people would do whatever
they want and therefore the chaos would be established. Some say that laws can change human behavior while others argue that it
can't. In my opinion laws can change the human behavior. This essay will bring examples that confirm my opinion.

To begin with, countries with strict laws have minimal crime rates. For instance, in Singapore smuggling drugs is a criminal offence
with death penalty and therefore unsurprisingly Singapore has one of the lowest drug traffic rates in the world, while in countries
which have a lighter penalty for drug traffic, the rates for this crimes are higher. By this example, it is felt strong a law can change
dramatically the behavior.
Moreover, imagine if there was no law to specify where people can park their cars. In this scenario, undoubtedly the traffic jam
would become so chaotic that would be almost impossible to drive in the city. Again, here we have another example of how laws can
change human behavior.

In conclusion, the state must apply laws to maintain peace and order in a society. Finally as the above examples shows there is a
strong correlation between laws and the change of human behavior. It is expected that lawmakers will continue to use it for the
benefit of the society in future.

15.Illiterate of the future would not be one who does not know to read, but people who do not know how to learn
’In future illiterate will not be those who cannot read, but those who do not learn’ – By some writer. Discuss what do you
understand by this statement and state your reason.
The advancement of technology has literally changed the definition of literacy. Nowadays just knowing how to read and write isn't
enough to be considered literate. The truth is that if a person wants to be relevant in this scenario of constants changes she must be
extremely adaptive to the new skills and dump the obsoletes ones. Therefore, to be successful it's imperative to unlearn, learn and
relearn.

Firstly, in the beginning of the personal computers era there was only one single Operational System called DOS. Thus, every
individual who wanted to use a computer had to learn how to use the DOS operational system. However, suddenly Microsoft
launched the first Windows systems which was a complete revolution on the way people used computer. Therefore, to stay up to date
to the new technology every computer user had to unlearn DOS and learn and relearn the new Windows system. This is a perfect
example of how important is to be constantly changing and learning new skills.

Moreover, in the early 2000's the smartphones showed up to the world changing completely the way people used their phones. With
the advent of smartphones people could not only place phone calls, but use the device as a GPS, buy products, play games, listen to
music, read the news and many more. As can be seen, if a person don't relearn the way to use a phone she would become obsolete.

In conclusion, it is felt strong that to stay relevant in this era of constant innovations it is imperative to know how to unlearn, learn
and relearn new subjects. Hence, the meaning of illiteracy has changed to something much bigger than just reading and writing.

16.Positive and negative effects of the information revolution through mass media.
The power of mass media is tremendous. If used correctly, mass media can educate a whole society to good values and thus
contribute to the prosperity of humans. However, if used in a wrong way it can lead to the destruction of a society. This essay will
analyze the positive and negative effects of the information revolution through mass media.

To begin with, mass media such as TV, radio, newspaper and the Internet has a huge impact range. Almost everyone in the world has
access to television and radio and nowadays is considered that around 50% of the world population is connected to the Internet
Hence, mass media can be great to teach people around the world good moral values and also raise awareness about critical matters
such as the environmental problems we face these days. For instance, a large campaign in the Internet showed how each individual
can contribute to the environment by just following simple steps in our daily lives.

Nevertheless, mass media also has it dark side. For example, many TV shows features violence and sexual content that is watched by
millions of people. Another problem regarding mass media is the use of celebrities in advertisements to promote cigarettes and junk
food. This clearly is one negative effect of mass media.

In conclusion, mass media has it's positive and negatives sides but if people could filter only the good part of it, than definitely the
positives effects of mass media outweigh the negatives one.

17.Any recent Invention that you think proved beneficial or detrimental to society.
In the past 100 years, there are many inventions such as antibiotics, airplanes and computers. What do you think is the most
important invent for the past 100 years? Why?
It is evident how life has changed since technology has been introduced in the human life. When we think about technology the first
thing that comes in mind is the image of a computer. Technological advancements such as computers have been designed and created
with the only purpose to help humans and make their lives easier. In fact, computers are the greatest invention of all time and this
essay will bring up the reasons for this assumption.

Firstly, computers have multitasking features that can minimize the work you have to do. For example, computers avoid you having
to calculate any result on doing a math, the only thing you must do is to type the information needed and your work is done.
Furthermore, the calculation capability of a computer is tremendous, enabling us to solve problems that we had for decades ago, such
as the human DNA mapping.

Secondly, computers can store information which is another incredible feature that helped us to survive. For instance, with this
ability we can store information about weather and thus try to predict storms, tornadoes and other environmental disasters.
Furthermore, a person can store information along many years of her business and hence do analysis of future trends regarding sales
or cost.

In conclusion, as the paragraphs above shows, the potential of computers are outstanding and enabled humans to achieve great goals.
If we continue to make a good use of it the sky is not anymore our limit.

Communication has changed significantly in the last 10 years. Discuss the positive and negative impacts of this change.
Positive and Negative effects of today’s communication.
18.Information revolution has changed the ways of mass communication and had some negative and positive effects on
individuals’ lives as well as on society. To what extent you are agreed or disagree?
Information technology not only brought the world closer but has also increased the speedy of communication. However, such
advancement came with some drawbacks. While it made the voice of anyone to be heard be the entire world it has also reduced the
real life contact between people. This essay will analyze the positive and negative effects of the revolution of mass communication.

Firstly, with the advent of the Internet, people now can talk to each other in just a few clicks. For instance, using the computer or a
smartphone anyone can easily post on the Facebook to spread his words and thoughts. Furthermore, placing a video conference to
establish a meeting between two persons on the opposite side of the world is really easy with programs like Skype. This examples
shows the positive effects of the revolution of mass communication.

However, this revolution came with some drawbacks. For instance, people now are so addictive to social media that some are
struggling to have a health relation in the real world. As an example, in China now there are clinics to help people to leave the
addiction to social media. Furthermore, there is also a new problem called cyberbullying which is when a person insults another in
the social media causing problems to the victim such as low self esteem and in some extreme cases leading to suicide.

In conclusion, the revolution on the way of mass communication happens nowadays brought us many benefits but at the same time
with some drawbacks. However, I strongly agree that the benefits of this revolution outweigh the negatives sides.

Foreign languages should be compulsory in the primary school. How far do you agree with the above statement?
19.Learning a new language at an early age is helpful for children. Is it more positive for their future aspect or have some
adverse effects. Do u agree or disagree? Give examples from your experience.
Learning a foreign language can be quite intimidating for an early age, but the benefits extend way beyond being able to order a cup
of tea abroad. Although studies by Harvard University confirm that learning additional languages increases critical thinking skills,
creativity and flexibility of the mind in a young children some still argue that it can have some adverse effects. This essay will
analyze both the positive and negatives sides.

Firstly, the younger the learner, the better they are at mimicking new sound and adapting pronunciation. In the early stages of life our
brain is like a sponge and we are open to new sounds and patterns hence making easier to learn a new language. Furthermore,
learning a new language such as English in the early life will promote a huge advantage compared to the others since the current
competitive market rewards people who have dominated the English or other language like Mandarim.

However, some say that learning a new language in the early stage can put too much stress into the kid, and in some cases, if the
youngster can't evolve in the new language it can make her frustrated and thus causing problems in learning new things as life goes
on. Nevertheless, if the tutors don't push the kid too hard there will be no further problems.
In conclusion, I strongly believe that learning a new language in the early ages have more benefits than negatives sides. Besides the
brain evolution it brings to the kid, it will also make her more open minded to new ideas and cultures. In a nutshell, every kid should
be able to learn a new language.

20.In under developed countries, tourism has disadvantages and can be said the opposite as well.
In recent decades, low cost airfare has made international travel easier and many countries have, therefore, developed their tourism
industries into key sector of their economies. While it is clear tourism brings obvious benefits to the countries that host tourists, it is
also true to say that it may bring some disadvantages as well. This essay will analyze the benefits and negatives sides of tourism in
under developed countries.

Firstly, a thriving tourism industry implies in and increasing need for a varity of services such as hotels, transport, restaurants and
entertainment. This result in a considerable number of jobs being created for people who lack a college education. Furthermore, the
creation of these services demands the evolution of the local infrastructure to accommodate the visitors. This points are only a few of
the benefits brought by the development of the tourism industries.

However, the tourism industry also brings some disadvantages. For instance, a country may suffer from the loss of their tradicional
culture, caused by the constant influx of people from all around the world. In addition, problems like drug smuggling and
prostitution of young girls may increase in a result of a high developed tourism industry.

In conclusion, tourism can help a lot the under developed countries. If it is implanted in an organized way, the negative effects can be
minimized and the country can thrive with the benefits brought by it. In a nutshell, I personally would advocate for a country to
develop its tourism industry.

21.Education is the biggest barrier in my learning – Einstein. What do you mean by this? And do you think Einstein was
correct in saying that.
The world today is very different from what it was a centuries ago, especially when talking about the educational system. Students
were expected to pass the standardized tests and to conform to a curriculum to be employed. Our modern education system has a
sordid past largely rooted in industrialism, a time where people were educated to learn the only necessary to work in the industry.
Einstein was referring how education had limited his creativity and critical thinking in certain subjects, just because the matter wasn't
necessary at that time.

I strongly believe that the purpose of education should be to prepare children for life, nourishing the potential in every child so that
each may connect and contribute with his unique ideas and abilities to society. For instance, when a children failed in mathematics
but excelled in music, most parents and teachers will try to fix this by pushing the child to drop their music skill and to catch up their
math skills. It can be seen that this is not what we expect from education.

Furthermore, pupils now also lack the creative and critical thinking. Nowadays, what seems to be important is to memorize the book
a night before the test and repeat exactly the correct answer without even thinking of what was done there. Pupils should be
encouraged to ask the right questions rather than answering the sames over and over again.

In conclusion, I believe that Einstein was right in saying that the educational system was the biggest barrier in his learning. If we
don't urgently review our current educational model, soon the world will be filled with people lacking important skills.

22.Discuss both sides of Space travel vs. Current crucial problems faced by human?
Nowadays, many countries had expressed their interests in space travel. The recent one would be the USA plan to send astronauts to
Mars. The question of whether investment in space travel is necessary rather than dealing with the current crucial problems such as
overpopulation, terrorism and environmental problems is a much-debated issue. This essay will show that investing in space travel
can, besides taking human to explore the universe, at the same time help the society in these crucial problems.

To begin with, the advancements in space travel don't just brings evolution in this specific area, but also help us tackling many
crucial problems we encounter as side effect of the researches that is are done in this field. For instance, the advent of GPS (global
positioning system) could only be available thanks to the investments on space travel. Moreover, the development of robot arms that
can help medical doctors on critical brain surgeries was also a result of researches driven by space travels.

In addition, the problems of lack of food for future generations in our overpopulated world can be solved with the new researches in
the field of extreme conditions agriculture. Scientists are currently involved in researches to grow plants and herbs in places like
Mars and this could direct benefit desert areas in our world that we can't establish a farm. This is another great example that shows
how investing in space travel can also tackle our current problems.
In conclusion, people should think more outside the box and perceive that the benefits of investments in space travel goes beyond
our natural instinct of exploration. In fact, we could solve our most urgent problems just by maintaining this urge of space travels.

23.Do you think English will remain to be a global language despite globalization?
The founder of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, has amazed people around the world when he spoke fluently Mandarin during a press
conference. The question whether English will still remain as the primary global language rather than Mandarin has become a much-
debated issue. This essay will bring arguments showing that English will remain as the primary global language, despite the world
globalization.

To begin with, the development of electronics and information technology was led primarily by the USA, therefore they established
all the information regarding this subject using the English language. Hence, any person who desires to study and work on these
fields will need to know the English language. Moreover, it is considered that almost 60% of content in the Internet today is written
in English, thus, knowing English is not only a desirable skill but mandatory if a person wants to be relevant in a global scenario.

Furthermore, over a billion people around the world uses English as the second language and this number keeps growing. For
instance, countries with high population like China and India uses English to do business around the world, so looking at this
numbers, it's clear that mastering English is highly necessary to be understand in the business scenario.

In conclusion, undoubtedly English will remain as the primary global language. In fact, English is an easy language to learn and that
contributes to the expansion of the language. In a nutshell, everyone should start practicing your English skills to stay relevant in this
competitive world.

24.Some people think placing advertisements in schools is a great resource for public schools that need additional funding,
but others think it exploits children by treating them as a captive audience for corporate sponsors. Choose which position you
most agree with and discuss why you chose that position. Support your point of view with details from your own experiences,
observations or reading.
School lockers, gymnastic hall and cafeteria used to be a common place where students would store their books, play sports and eat
their lunch respectively. Over the recent years, many public schools realized that they need an additional funding for their program.
Given this, some companies think that this could be an opportunity for placing advertisements. The question whether children will be
treated as a captive audience rather than promoting education in school has become a much-debated issue. There are, therefore,
people on both sides of the view who have an argument either for or against this matter.

Firstly, although it seems reasonable to suggest that restricting ads in schools will protect children from being a captive audience, it
should not be forgotten that ads are not placed inside the classroom. For example, placing ads on the outside of the school buses
won't make the kids a captive audience since they are sitting inside the bus. Furthermore, advertisements inside the cafeteria can be
easily ignored by the youngsters once they are eating and talking to each other. Hence, as these examples shows, the advertisement in
the school won't make the children a captive audience.

Secondly, advertisement can only happen when there is an exclusive contract between schools and companies. Given this situation,
the school directors can restrict what kind of advertisements can be placed inside the schools. For example, one acceptable
advertisement would be something like “ACME company support this school”, so in this case there is no problem at all. Looking at
this example, the advertisements won't obstruct the main purpose of studying.

In conclusion, I personally support the use of advertisement in public schools as an extra funding since it won't make the children a
captive audience. In a nutshell, if the money is ethical it should be accepted.

25.You are given climate as the field of study. Which area will you prefer? Explain why you picked up the particular area for
your study?
All over the world today, it can be observed that the issue of climate study has grown importance over the past few decades.
Imagining a situation where the writer would be given a chance to take up climate as the field of study, I would choose the area of
preventive measures and adaptive measures for climate change. The following essay will explain the reasons of why such area was
chosen by the writer in climate as field of study.

To begin with, climate change in our modern world is very complex. These changes have impacted many people around the world,
such as extreme weather and water pollution. The area that I would be interested to study is preventive measures, in other words,
actions that would delay further damages to our climate. For example, urging industries to stop using fossil fuel and convert them
into clean energy such as wind and sunlight. Another example is to produce fresh water by reducing water pollution and funding
research into water desalination. By looking at these examples, it become evident that preventive measures would be able to stabilize
current trend in environmental pollution.

Secondly, adaptive measures in climate study are also important area as we need to be prepared in facing current climate changes.
The steps can be formulated as requesting government to form a special task force for coordinating team during natural disaster,
forming a special insurance fund account that would help citizens during a time of crisis, and educating rural residents to be mentally
and physically prepared when any disaster happen.

In conclusion, after analyzing these points, from a personal perspective, I conclude that picking up preventive and adaptive measures
in climate study are important and should be promoted to the general public.

26.The environment we live in is in danger due to various problems. What are the underlying causes? Who is responsible to
combat this? What measures?
Our environment is in constant change, we can't deny that. However, as our environment changes, so do the need to become
increasingly aware of the problems that surrounds it. All across the world, people are facing a range of new and challenging
environmental problems every day. Unless we address the various issues prudently and seriously, we are surely doomed for disaster.

To begin with, pollution of air, water and soil causes problems that requires millions of years to regenerate. Industry and motor
vehicle are the number one pollutants. Air pollution is caused by various gases and toxins released by industries, factories and
combustion of fossil fuels. Water pollution is caused by oil spill, acid rain and chemical fertilizer, while soil pollution is mainly
caused by industrial waste and intensive agriculture. Necessarily, the government needs to promote cleaner energy and provide funds
in researching for a new sustainable energy source.

Next, when talking about overpopulation, it's clear that the world is reaching unsustainable levels as it faces a shortage of resources
like water, fuel and food. Population explosion in less developed countries are straining the already scarce resources. Intensive
agriculture practiced to produce food, damages the environment through the use of chemical fertilizer, pesticides and insecticides.
This leads to the government in policing the usage of dangerous chemical fertilizer and to educate people of birth planning.

Although the government cannot completely isolate these issues, they can raise awareness for minimizing the further damage to the
environment. Introducing new tax policies in a way that awards companies who move towards a cleaner energy source is one of the
measures it could be taken. Moreover, each individual could contribute with simple actions in our daily lives such as using recycled
bags to buy groceries, cycle to the work and practicing shared rides. In a nutshell, if everyone gives your contribution, we may leave
a cleaner world for the next generations.

27. Value added by travel in Education. Is travel a necessary component of education or not? Will scholar sitting at home
have more knowledge than the ones who travels?
The development of society is going towards a globalized world where education is an essential foundation for personal, social and
economic success. International studies are becoming a new trend for young people as a way to expand their education beyond their
traditional education style. It is agreed that adding a foreign qualification has become an integral part of higher studies. This
argument is proven by looking at how it widens people's perspective and helps them with better career opportunities.

To begin with, studying abroad helps people to increase their awareness about different cultures of the world. This will contribute in
creating individuals with a broader understanding of issues concerning today's society rather than limiting them in a scope of home
education system. For instance, universities have a large community of students both from the local area and all around the globe.
The diverse academic community enhances the quality of learning by providing a wider spectrum of opinions and expertise. This
example clearly shows that international education enhances outlook and sharpens self-awareness. Therefore, we can say that
traveling is an important element of education.

Moreover, acquiring a globally recognized qualification or degree opens the doors for international job market. The students gain
more knowledge and expertise when abroad and apply them to situations requiring international interactions. Also, employees look
for the graduates with international experience either by studying or working abroad. Thus, we can say that international studies add
value to a student's education.

In conclusion, it can be said that traveling to foreign countries for higher studies is a key to succeed in this globalized world.

28. Different people get success in different fields. Some people work long hours to get success, but others feel that spend free
time for joy than wealthy. Which style closely related to you and explain your views.
Working in current market condition can be quite challenging, especially if your employer asks you to put in 50 hours of work every
week. The question of whether success can be achieved by working long hours rather than working in normal hours and spend free
time enjoying yourself has become a much-debated issue. There are, therefore, people on both sides on the view who have an
argument either for or against.

Firstly, long hours are often counterproductive. For instance, Ford Motor company proved this in the 90s through a series of studies
that showed that every additional 20 hours of work above the recommended 40 hours resulted in an increase in productivity only for
three to four weeks before productivity turned negative. If you consistently work long hours, you get burned out and inevitably start
falling behind your duties. Given this, the productivity declines and you have to spend more hours trying to catch up on neglected
tasks.

Secondly, you will find it difficult to maintain a healthy social life when you work 60 or more hours a week. Free time to spend with
family and close friends is not adequate with this work schedule. Extended work hours can also reduce the quality of your life by
conflicting with quality time for family and time for other responsibilities and needs outside work. Therefore, it is strongly
recommended that people should stop working long hours and get a life outside of work.
In conclusion, I can state that my personal style is the one who balance the work and personal life. In a nutshell, in order to reach
success people should avoid working for long hours and enjoy yourself, friends and family.

29.Dangerous activities like extreme skiing, bungee jumping etc. And whether u support them or not
Pros and cons of adventures sports.
People pursue dangerous activities like sky diving, motorcycle sports, white-water river rafting etc. Do you support? If yes,
why and if not, why?
The popularity of extreme sports has continued to grow over the last decade. These activities are undertaken at high speed and
altitude which requires a huge physical effort. It is agreed that no amount of words are adequate to convey the thrill of skiing, deep
sea diving, bungee jumping, water rafting or any other adventure sport. This argument can be proven by looking at how these kinds
of sports teach self-reliance, teamwork and let everyone leave their comfort zone.

Firstly, the risk-taking sports help in development of self confidence and independence. For instance, by successfully facing up the
challenge of adventurous sports life rock-climbing, young people overcome their fears and apprehensions along the way and develop
a feeling of unusual achievement. This makes it clear that climbing mountain, instead of an indoor game, helps in developing the
balance, using more muscle groups, and taking on a journey in an uncontrolled environment that stimulates brain with countless
variables. Thus, achieving your goals in an unpredictable weather, recognizing the thrill of beating storm and making it back home
safely results in an enhancement of overall personality.

Moreover, many people are reluctant to try new things like mountain biking, scuba diving, river rafting, para-gliding, etc., thinking
that they do not possess the skills or have an ability to enjoy it. Encouraging people to try new activities results in building up team
spirit, promoting positive attitude and making them come out their comfort zone. Thus, we can say that by trying out dangerous
sports, one can get rid-off the negative feeling and develop a feeling of working as a team.

Looking at the above, I personally think that practicing extreme sports are very recommended. Although there are severe risks on
practicing these sports, if they are done in a safe and cautious way, the benefits definitely outweigh the negative sides.

30.War of ideas
Throughout history, the thinking of a group of people is impacting the lives of thousands of civilians. Whether it is considered on a
political or social level, a set of decisions of a group explains how a society should work. It is completely agreed that in the conflict
of interest between different countries or different groups within the same country, it is the innocent people who sacrifice their lives.
It can be seen from the incidents of World War II and September 11 attacks in the USA.

Fisrt of all, during World War II, a group of countries, namely USA, UK and China, united and attacked Japan with explosive atomic
bomb destroying the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing thousands of people. This is a clear example of how a decision taken
by a few countries against Japan impacted the lives of several innocent people who had nothing to deal with. Thus, we can say that
political ideologies of a group drastically harm society.
In addition, September 11 attacks on US by a group of 19 militants associated with Islamic extremist group, hijacked four ariplanes
and killed around three thousand people by colliding the airplanes into the two towers from World Trade Center. Again, this example
shows how the beliefs of one extremist religious group impacted the lives of thousand of people.

Looking at the above examples, we can say that it is the common man who is suffering from the social, economical and politcal
interests of a few people. It is hoped that in the future, the major decisions concerning every citizen or the civilians of another
country, would be taken into consideration.

31. Any recent invention that you think proved beneficial or detrimental to society.
It is evident how life has changed since technology has been introduced in the human life. When we think about recent invention, the
first thing that comes to our mind is the image of the smartphone. Technological advancement such as microchop has enabled us to
create smartphone, a mobile phone which has weight less than a normal book but has hundreds of functionalities.

Firstly, by using a single screen tap in a smartphone we are able to monitor, check and transfer our account balance without going to
the bank. Another examples is using the smartphone's GPS to drive through big cities or maybe booking your favotire restaurante,
calling for a taxi, reserving a holiday accommodation or even shopping for groceries. Other than that, you can still use your
smartphone for basic usage like a phone call, text message and even a video call. It can be seen clearly that the smarphone has
offered substantial positive benefits to our society.

Secondly, for the photography enthusiats, they can use a smartphone to capture the moments. Either taking pictures or recording a
video, both can be done very easily. Image processing process was also provided through the built-in application.

Furthermore, scientists have also been extending smartphone functionality by inventing add-ons. This extra device can connect to the
smartphone to do a basic laboratory analysis. For example, patients with diabetes can use this to measure his blood sugar level and
send the result to his doctor in real time format.

To summarize, we can consider smartphone as a recent invention that proved to be benefical to society.
32.Animal rights are the most important. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages. Some people believe that animals should
be treated in the same way humans are and have similar rights, whereas others think that it is more imporatnt to use them as
we desire for food and medical research.
Since prehistoric era, animals have been widely used by humans and in different ways to fulfill several needs. They have provided
the main sources of food, clothes, transportation and other tools largely used for the wellbeing of humankind. Yet, in the modern
world, animals still offer an efficient and indispensable mean for scientists to develop vaccines. Whether to ban the exploitation of
animals in general or to continue profiting from the betterment of people's lives still a matter of dispute. I personally believe that we
should continue to use the animals though in a strictly controlled way.

In favour of securing the same rights as humans, some claim that animals should be threated in a moral and ethical way. They
consequently demand to stop the assassination of sheep and cows for the provision of eatable meat. They additionally argue that
although animals are driven by instinct rather by brain life humans, they still are living creatures and thus deserve to live in peace.

On the other side, supporters of exploiting animals for the good of mankind, argue that we should continue to use the animals for
several reasons. Firstly, it is suspicious that humans may survive by merely eating vegetables even though this is not impossible.
Secondly, it would be quite impossible to keep the pace of development in medicine, especially to counter epidemic diseases, if we
deprive scientists from experiencing on animals. However, testing each and every new drug on humans is unethical and inhumane.

In conclusion, it would not be easy for humans to evolve without the use of animals. However, humans should control this utilization
and regulate it firmly. Using animals in circuses, zoos or illegal competitions should be completely prohibited since those activities
are solely aiming fun and mere financial benefits and thus disrespecting the animals lives.

DAQUI PRA BAIXO ALGUMAS REDAÇÕES SE REPETEM. OU SEJA SAO OUTRAS VERSOES.

Parents should be held legally responsible for their children’s acts. What is your opinion?
Support it with personal examples....
WORD COUNT 289
Nowadays, there seems to be a great number of young adults making the news for causing harm to others.
Kids are indulging in absurd acts such as setting fellow students on fire, sexually and physically assaulting
peers, carrying guns to the school, driving under the influence of alcohol, and excessive group bullying
leading to suicide. Most of the times, it has been observed that spoiled brats whose tantrums have been
accepted by parents are found to be involved in these kind of bizarre incidents.
From the outset, family is considered to be the first institution where a child learns the primary lessons on
how to behave in society. Additionally, parents teach the moral values to their offspring and inculcate the
knowledge they have inherited from their ancestors. So, parents do exercise reasonable care, supervision,
protection, and control over their kids. Parents held accountable for their children's delinquent behavior are
more likely to reinforce appropriate behavior in the youth.
In contrast, it is argued that parents should not be held legally responsible for children’s actions because not
all parents are aware of what their kids are doing. In addition, parental influence is merely one factor that
shapes a child’s moral compass, with other influences including, and not exhaustively, teachers in school,
friends, religion and the law. Moreover, if the parents are too authoritative, then children will lose their
confidence and will always be dependent on their parents.
In conclusion, a child is a parent’s responsibility and thus, parent should be responsible for their child’s well
being, their actions and behavior. However, parents of unsupervised minors should not be penalized severely;
instead they should be reprimand to attend the parenting skills training classes, perform community services
and /or pay a fine.

Marketing strategy for big companies should be placed on offer and discounts, and in what ways
this can impact on their reputation.
Word Count : 283
In our quotidian life, we often see big billboards, print advertisements and emails with huge discount offers on
various products available in the market. It is definitely alluring to the customer and helps the companies to
attract new customers by giving something at cheaper price than other peer products. However, it is also
arguable that, does it win the loyalty of the customer to the product?
A company usually offers discounts to customers for various reasons like special holiday season, inventory
clearance or going out of business. This results in burgeoning increase in customer traffic as people cannot
resist a sale. Discounts do work to the advantage of both parties. As an illustration, a startup might get a
customer by offering a deal and vice versa a customer might get a deal for his favorite product on marketing
companies like Groupon.

Nevertheless, there are also some negative aspects associated to discount offers in a business. Although this
strategy increases the top-line, but it directly hits the bottom-line as profit margin decreases. Additionally it
sets a preconceived notion in the customer’s mind that the given product will always be available at
discounted price. Furthermore, it trashes the product value being cheaply available and makes the business
dishonest about pricing. Companies like Apple, or Cartier hardly offer discounts on their products still they are
considered the best brands in their category.
In conclusion, discounting is like a highly addictive drug whereas customer fidelilty is a valuable commodity.
Sales and discounts can hurt your business in the long run by decreasing the perceived value of your
produce, but adding value can inspire customers to spend more, come back time and time again and endorse
your product.

Dangerous activities like extreme skiing, bungee jumping etc. and whether u support them or not
Word Count 289
In recent years there has been an emergence of new sporting forms that have presented alternatives and
potential challenges to conventional sport practices. Broadly termed as Lifestyle sports (or extreme sports)
refers to of a wide range of mostly individualized activities, ranging from established sports like climbing,
surfing and skateboarding, to new activities like parkour, wake boarding, B.A.S.E. jumping and white water
river boarding.
The main reasons why people go for dangerous sports are: they get the thrill out of it along with taking risks
by challenging their abilities and potentials. It gives a sense of satisfaction when such spunky folks come face
to face with fears while bungee jumping, rock climbing and so on. In addition, going through a dangerous
experience gives them courage and confidence to face the hurdles of their daily life.
Another reason for pursuing such sports is that there is a lot of fame and money involved in them. Individuals
become cynosure of all eyes by doing stunts like jumping from tall buildings. They feel great when they flash
in newspapers and TV news channels or when their name appears in the Guinness Book of World Records.
Once being famous, they make money by doing advertisements for businesses which hire them to endorse
their products.
In conclusion, though I completely support them yet, these audacious sports, with high levels of inherent
danger, should fall under the control of regulated bodies and stringent steps should be taken to reduce the
risks involved. First of all, these sports should be performed after sufficient training and under tutelage of
trained mentors. Additionally, all safety precautions should be taken during participation. If all proposed
actions are taken, we can reduce the risks and trim down the fatalities involved.

Communication has changed significantly in the last 10 years. Discuss the positive and negative
impacts of this change.
Word Count: 288
Communication is described as exchange of ideas or thoughts through speaking, writing or any other source
of medium. The process started with smoking signals from primitive men, followed by transmitting messages
through birds and later using postal mails, telegraphs and telephones. However, in the last ten years, there
has been a revolutionary change in communication with invention of mobile phones, emails, social media
sites and instant messengers.
User is able to send the information through emails instantly or can start an immediate call through mobile
phones. The use of social networking sites has been a boon in modern era. Positively, the interaction among
people becomes more diverse and popular because there are more convenient ways to communicate with
each other. In addition, it helps people to expand their social circle globally. People now are getting closer
despite of geographical distances.
On the other hand, there are some drawbacks in this development. We are now gradually forgetting how to
make a proper conversation. Also, the appearance of short codes has made students forget how to make a
grammatical sentence with correct spell checks. Apart from this, through social networking sites, people
create new “cyber relationships” which are not only unstable, but also lead to many criminal issues like
Internet forgeries.
All in all, technology has completely changed the way we are communicating to the world and has abysmal
impact on our relationships. As Charles Dickens said “Electric communication will never be a substitute for
the face of someone who with their soul encourages another person to be brave and true.” We should utilize
it to expand our circle of friends but we should also learn how to maintain and treasure our relationship
without being obsessed with the virtual life.

Learning a new language at an early age is helpful for children. Is it more positive for their future
aspect or have some adverse effect. Do u agree or disagree?
Word Count : 287
Learning a new language involves an obvious amount of effort for anyone, either a child or an adult. The
choice to expose children to second-language education is a choice with lasting effects. However, is it a
positive to the future prospects of children or results in negative outcome, is the matter of discussion and
could be correlated in below paragraphs.
One of the most remarkable disadvantages that bilingual children have is that they might start speaking
three to six months later. In addition, learning a new language puts extra cognitive stress on children. This
can result in cultural confusion in some cases, especially when a child is of a multi-ethnic background as they
will temporarily mix languages. Moreover, there are a numbers of factors at school and at home that thwart
the process of learning a foreign language such as: unsuccessful attempt at integration into society,
unavailability of teachers, lack of classrooms, parents and teachers fluency into the foreign language, among
others.
On the contrary, knowing other languages and understanding other cultures is a 21st Century skill set for all
students as they prepare to live and work in a global society. Exposure of children to a foreign language
makes them more fluent in the language which comes fairly easily, rapidly and without an ascent. The
cognitive benefits to learning a foreign language include: better problem solving and critical thinking skills;
more creative enhanced memory and better multi tasking abilities.
In summary, it is critical for every individual to learn and to communicate in different languages to succeed
within any society, in this globalized world. The sooner a person starts putting efforts in it, the better it turns
the native more fluent and master of second language.

Many people think regions affect successful persons. What is your opinion about native regions
and accomplished person influence on the regions they belong to?
Word Count 284
Success is not dependent on a single reason and is achieved on collective basis like upbringing, social
environment, aptitude, attitude, passion and determination. Nevertheless, every aspect to get success has an
involvement of the said features and is a matter of discussion. There is no assertion that successful people
belong to a particular region
The foremost influence on a successful person’s life is of his upbringing. It does not mean that son of a priest
will always be successful and that of a dacoit will always be criminal. However the values nourished during
childhood offshoots the seed of success. Subsequently the social environment around the person also impacts
his attitude towards success. In addition, the education has a vital role in developing the aptitude. Lastly
courage, will power and full determination are the pillars for feat.

If we observe the lives of most successful people in the world, they have achieved success from travelling to
different parts of the world and not in the countries they were born. Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Graham
Bell, Khalil Gibran, Albert Einstein, Mother Teresa all became more famous out of their native regions. Swami
Vivekananda travelled throughout India to gain the knowledge of Indian culture and became successful in
America with his famous discourse at Chicago. Many Indian entrepreneurs like L.N Mittal, Anil Agarwal and
Indian CEO’s of MNC’s like Microsoft and Pepsico have accomplished their triumph miles away from their
home country.
To a large extent, belonging to a specific region is not a criteria or a key to become a successful icon. It is
hard work and commitment which have a vital part to play in every victorious story. Success comes to those
who will and dare.

The environment we are living in is in danger due to various problems...so who do u think should
be responsible to solve it? Is it the governments, organization or each individuals?
Word Count 288
Climate change and global warming are one of the greatest concerns in current scenario. The rise in global
temperatures, melting of glaciers, increase in sea levels, depletion of ozone layer, cataclysms like tsunami
have been due to the enhanced exploitation of natural resources, deforestation and pollution by mankind. To
overcome this absurdly dangerous contingency, it becomes an ethical duty of all the three above mentioned
units to take the initiatives at their level and save the environment for human existence.
The world governments meet ever and anon to parley the issue and follow the protocols established together
to reduce the carbon emission. All the developed or developing economies need to make sure that their
growth should not hamper the existing ecosystem. Governments should subsidize the clean energy solutions
and fund the research programs to save the Earth. Strict laws should be legislated for pollution control and be
made sure that they are adhered with religious fervor.
The business organizations need to partner with more innovative ideas from the business perspective with
little impact on environment. More funds should be allocated to research and development of saving energy
and stress should be given on controlling industrial waste and carbon emissions.
In addition, individual contribution at grass root level can play a major role in saving the environment. People
should be encouraged to adopt recycled products, pursue rain water harvesting, consume non conventional
sources of energy and use more of public transport system.
In nutshell, it’s not a sole responsibility of a single party but a collective contribution of all three factions to
take the required steps with celerity to save the environment. The only way forward, if we want to make our
world salubrious, is to get everybody involved.

Nowadays TV has become an essential part of life. Medium to spread news & awareness and for
some it acts like a companion. What is your opinion about this?
Word Count 295
TV has become an inescapable part of contemporary culture, since its invention in late 19th century. It is no
longer an urban commodity but a necessary part of every household. We depend on TV for entertainment,
news, education, culture, weather, sports and music. The idiot box has evolved as Smart TV after integration
with Internet. People from all age groups find something relevant to their tastes on Television, as there are a
large number of channels running on it.
Television plays an important role for toddlers and youngsters to learn from the educational and entertaining
material. Kids start learning from their favorite cartoon shows like Teletubbies and MisterMaker. Channels like
Discovery and History help children to learn a lot through documentaries on different subjects. Reality shows
especially talent shows provide a platform to display your repertoires to a larger audience.
In addition to this, it keeps people aware of what’s happening throughout the world through news channel.
They keep you updated about latest social, political, financial events taking place nationally as well as
internationally. Advertisements help you to know what current products are available in the market for your
use.
Apart from this, it’s a great source of entertainment. You can watch your favorite sports, movies, and music
videos on the tube. Serials with different genres like comedy, drama, adventure, fictions and non fictions keep
you glued to TV.
However, some people do argue that watching television makes you lethargic and enervate your energy. But
in my opinion, television watching, if done in a prudent way can work wonders for everyone. It has a lot of
things to give, but it depends what you take from it. An anonymous has said,” Television is an anesthetic for
the pain of the modern world” and is the most apt adage.

Company Top level Authorities should or should not take employees suggestions or ideas to take
any decisions. Discuss
Word Count 278
Decision making is an inevitable task to run an organization. The company top level authorities vested with
the privilege to take major decision for the company should not ignore the suggestions and ideas from the
subordinates or other employees working for the common goal.
Foremost, the leader of an organization should assay the issue with all employees so everyone is aware of it,
and then make a decision after evaluating all the information, ideas and alternatives available. Moreover, the
employees should be encouraged to take operational decision applicable to day to day activities to nurture
accountability and responsibility in them. The decision taking authority lies with the senior management;
however, it is equally important to see that the decisions are accepted by the employees. It adds more
transparency in the organization and keeps the workforce motivated to perform their tasks.
In contrast to this, collective decisions have the tendency to be divergent and lead to chaos. All decisions
cannot be taken after discussions with employees. People are people and sometimes emotional responses
come before rational responses. Additionally, rivalries and vested interests do come into picture where people
simply take different views on the same facts. The management has to play a powerful and valuable role to
take the final call in the ambiguity.
In conclusion, for organizations to run smoothly and progress, it is important to promote employee initiatives;
empower them to be more innovative to find the solutions to the problems and reward them appositely. To
sum up, an anonymous thinker has said, “Diverse thinking may always led to better decision making.” which
can always help the management to take better and informed decisions for everyone’s growth.

Successful sports stars and glamorous film stars are a role model for youngsters. Do u support it
or not? (Agree/Disagree)
Word Count 295
Fascination with the famous has been a human phenomenon that goes as far back as recorded history.
Humans are captivated by those they see as glamorous. We idolize our film stars and sports figure, follow
their every move, and treat them as modern gods. It is perfectly human to compare ourselves to others, and
modern celebrity worship is the perfect forum for this behavior. The most affected section of the society is the
gullible teenagers who easily get inspired by the lifestyle of the glamorous figures.
We all admire the hardships of the sportsmen and film actors who have risen to the pinnacle in their field.
They are the true inspiration not only for their native country but for all the people throughout the world. .
Currently, many global organizations engage them as their ambassadors to reach masses. Prominent
cricketers and film stars have inspired a lot of common people to imitate them and enter the very industry
through hard work and determination.
However, the callow rookies follow the lives of their role models to the point of obsession. Some people are
bumptious and flaunt their fame even though they have not accomplished any major thing in their life that
can motivate others. These people create a fan following on social media sites by spreading sensational
rumors about others, just not to become dormant.
Though I completely support the celebrities being the role model for the youngsters, as they have more
impact on the adolescents but still believe that youth should follow them only to pace forward and not blindly
copy their lifestyle. After all they are also human beings and we should realize that a man's worth should not
be judged by his possessions, rather by the journey he goes through to achieve those possessions.

In education system, assessment through written formal examinations is valid or not.

Word Count 289
Assessment plays a crucial role in any curriculum. It is required to evaluate the performance of the student’s
understanding of the subject. Assessments not only measure achievement of learning outcomes but they also
classify or grade student achievement. However, what kind of assessment is required to record the student’s
abilities is definitely a matter of discussion. All assessment techniques either conventional written exams or
contemporary formats have some advantages and disadvantages, and there is no single assessment method
that results in a perfect assessment.
The age old traditional written examinations, confirms what the examinees have learned about the subject,
they are being tested against. It provides consistency of grading: same answers get same marks; anonymity:
teacher is not biased and accountability: in case of dispute over a student’s mark. Written exams have more
width and can cover a larger area of the course.
Contrary to this, written exams inculcate rote learning. Students hit the books just before the exams and pull
an all nighters to memorize them. It encourages surface learning and complete picture of student’s
performance cannot be assessed. The poor handwriting of the student can be a nuisance and can diminish his
grades. There are more chances of cheating and plagiarism which defeats the overall purpose of assay.
Nowadays, there are more assessment methods which can be used for evaluation like oral assessments,
practical assignments, project works and presentations, with each option evolving different traits in the
learner.
Summing up, with a famous saying, “… If we teach today as we taught yesterday, we rob our children of
tomorrow…”, we need to follow the more advanced techniques to analyze the current generation’s
adroitness. Modern education requires modern methods of evaluation and only written assessments cannot
corroborate it.

Large shopping malls are replacing small shops. What is your opinion about this? Discuss with
appropriate examples.
(Word Count 288)

The vogue of shopping in the malls has seen a sharp rise in last decade. The inclination to shop at local
markets or small shops has dwindled. People prefer to shop in malls as it provides comfort, entertainment,
diversity, mall essence, convenience and luxury from the perspective of shoppers. A visit to the shopping
malls over the weekend has been a new fashion, where people plan in advance to visit their favorite mall.
A trip to the mall serves various purpose of the family that includes shopping, entertainment and eating
together in the restaurants. The shopping malls have stores of all national and international brands available
in front of the walked in buyer. Additionally, from daily groceries to clothing, electronic gadgets to furniture,
malls provide the whole shopping experience under the same roof. Moreover, multiplexes with multiple
screens provide entertainment to the masses, as people enjoy watching movies along with shopping.
Furthermore, food courts and eating joints allows families to spend time eating out together in malls.
In contrast, small shops are unable to provide the complete variety that the malls provide. Apart from this,
they come handy when you need an item and do not have time to rush to the out of skirts mall. . Their
vicinity to the residential locations adds convenience to the shoppers. In addition, street markets promote
traditional culture and represent ethnic, linguistic and social homogeneity that helps in nurturing consumer
values.
To sum up, Shopping malls offer hedonic pleasure to shoppers comprising adventure, gratification, social
status, value and lifestyle. Shopping at malls generate arousal among shoppers and stimulates exploring
attitude among consumers about innovative products and services. Thus, we can conclude from above
reasons that large shopping malls are gradually replacing small shops.

Talk about the pros/ cons of this era as is full of daily inventions
Necessity is the mother of all inventions. Without inventions, humans would never have advanced from the
days of the cave men. In fact, the cave men, themselves, invented simple tools. Even so, inventions often
bring problems, as well as progress.
Some of the simplest inventions like fire and wheel have made the most tremendous changes in the
development of civilizations. Antibiotics in healthcare, airplanes in transportation, cameras in photography,
refrigerators in kitchens and microwaves in cooking, have made our life so easy and meaningful. Invention of
internet has shrunk the globe and we can access any information within seconds from remote areas of the
world. Gadgets like smart phones are so handy that we can do n number of tasks such as education and
entertainment together with a small device. Robotics and satellites have coveted new avenues to explore out
of the earth.
With each benefit that a new invention brings, it is arguable that it also has some negative effect on people
and their environment. Use of pesticides and insecticides has decreased the quality of soil and subsequently
impeded the standard of editable food. Use of automobiles has increased the pollutants in atmosphere.
Automation of tasks using the machinery has increased the unemployment rates globally. Machines have
become more reliable than human beings and the whole world is dependent on them.
Thus, the inventions have their own benefits and also have its flaws. The use of nuclear energy is the biggest
illustration of it. One of the cheapest and cleanest source of energy can do havoc with the life system of all
living beings if the reactor becomes unstable. In conclusion, the inventions should be for the betterment of
the mankind and should not pose a threat to humankind.

ANY NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE RECENT YEARS IS A BOON OR CURSE FOR THE
SOCIETY IN GENERAL
A great invention opens the door to a new era in human history. From the primitive time to the current era,
the Internet has been a fascinating invention throughout history. It is assumed that currently 50 % of the
world population uses internet in their daily life.
The Internet carries a wide range of information resources and services, such as mobile applications, the
World Wide Web (WWW) sites, emails, game consoles, VOIP calls and file sharing networks. Additionally, the
Internet can be accessed almost anywhere by numerous means such as Mobile phones, data cards, handheld
game consoles and cellular routers which allow users to connect to the Internet wirelessly.
Moreover, Internet is playing a vital role in fields of Education: search engines such as Google have been
greatly beneficial for students, researchers, and anybody seeking to gain knowledge on a subject;
Communication: social media, emails, chats, and other avenues instantly connects all over the world;
Entertainment: play games, stream videos, listen to music, and even read books; and Comfort: purchase just
anything without having to leave your bedroom.
In contrast, it has also brought evils such as identity theft which has subsequently resulted in forgeries.
Pornography has increased tremendously and easy access to it by children is a serious concern. Also,
addiction to social sites, online games and other time consuming things are beginning to take over the youth.
The Internet is such a powerful invention that could accelerate the rate at which further world-changing
inventions are created. At the same time, some fear that our ability to communicate, work, play and do
business via the Internet breaks down our ties to local communities and socially isolates us. Like any
invention, the good or ill it accomplishes will come from how we choose to use it.

Do you think consumer should avoid over packed products or it is responsibility of producer to
avoid extra packaging of products?" Give your views or any relevant example with your own
experience.
Word Count 286
Packaging of a product plays a vital role in the sale of the goods and is required to store the product for a long
time, transport the product and carry product information. Whether the consumers should avoid over packed
products or the responsibility lies with the owner is definitely a matter of deliberation. In my opinion, both the
producer and the end user should take the onus to avoid excessive packaging of a product until or unless it’s
severely required or unavoidable.
Most companies focus on the packing with intent of how this will drive customers to the product and how
much does it costs. The environmental sustainability takes backseat for product packing. For example, the
typical snack chip bag is made up till seven layers of foil and plastic which make them light, reduce shipping
volume, more graphics friendly and doesn’t consume much shelf space. However, the downside is they aren’t
recyclable.
A business has legal duty to meet general environmental obligations .The effects should be mitigated by use
of more recyclable materials for packing rather than using plastics or other non degradable materials.
On the other hand, the consumer should also be aware that the manufacturers are not liable for disposal of
the waste produced from the packaging. Customers should give preference to the products with minimum
covering or to the products packed with recyclable material.
In conclusion, both the producers and consumers should put their best foot forward to stop this malpractice.
The manufacturers should voluntarily reduce packaging and give more stress on using recyclable materials.
On the other side, the consumers should refrain from buying excessively packaged products and prefer
products with packaging that could be reused, composted and recycled.

Some people believe that animals should be treated in the same way humans are and have similar rights, whereas
others think that it is more important to use them as we desire for food and medical research.
Since prehistoric era animals have been widely used by humans and in different ways to fulfil several needs.
They have provided the main sources of food, clothes, transportation and other tools largely used for the well-
being of humankind. Yet in the modern world, animals, still offer an efficient and indispensable mean for
scientists to develop killing edge vaccinations. Whether to ban the exploitation of animals in general or to
continue profiting from them for the betterment of people's lives still a matter of dispute. I personally believe
that the animals' use in our lives should be strictly controlled.

In favour of securing the same rights as humans, some claim that animals should be treated in a moral and
ethical way. They consequently require to stop slaughtering sheep and cows for instance, simply to provision
eatable meat. They additionally argue that though the animals are driven by instinct rather by brain like
humans, they still are living creatures and should enjoy their lives in peace.

On the other side, supporters of exploiting animals for the good of mankind evaluate their use in our lives as
essential in different aspects. Firstly, it is suspicious that humans may survive by merely rely on vegetable
sources of food, even though this is not impossible. Secondly, it would be quite impossible to keep the pace of
development in medicine, especially to counter epidemic diseases, if we deprive scientists from experiencing
on animals. However, testing each and every new drug on humans is unethical and inhumane.

To conclude, it would not be easy for humans to evolve without utilizing animals; however humans should
control this utilization and regulate it firmly. Misusing animals like in circuses, zoos or illegal competitions
should be completely prohibited since those activities are solely aiming fun and mere financial benefits and
disregarding the animals' suffering.

Some people believe that animals should be treated in the same way humans are and have similar rights, whereas
others think that it is more important to use them as we desire for food and medical research.
With regard to the exploitation of animals, people believe it is acceptable for several reasons. Firstly, they
think that humans are the most important beings on the planet, and everything must be done to ensure
 human survival. If this means experimenting on animals so that we can fight and find cures for diseases, then
this takes priority over animal suffering. Furthermore, it is believed by some animals that do not feel pain or
loss as humans do, so if we have to kill animals for food or other uses, then this is morally acceptable.

However, I do not believe these arguments stand up to scrutiny. To begin, it has been shown on numerous
occasions by secret filming in laboratories via animal rights groups that animals feel as much pain as humans
do, and they suffer when they are kept in cages for long periods. In addition, a substantial amount of animal
research is done for cosmetics, not to find cures for diseases, so this is unnecessary. Finally, it has also been
proven that humans can get all the nutrients and vitamins that they need from green vegetables and fruit.
Therefore, again, having to kill animals for food is not an adequate argument.

To sum up, although some people argue killing animals for research and food is ethical, I would argue there is

sufficient evidence to demonstrate that this is not the case, and, therefore, steps must be taken to improve the rights

of animals.

DAQUI PRA BAIXO TEM UMAS REDAÇÕES Q EU NAO TENHO CERTEZA Q SAO DO PTE. MAS NAO CUSTA
NADA DAR UMA LIDA NELAS.

Source: https://pteielts.wordpress.com/category/pte-writing/

Xenophobia has accelerated rapidly in the western countries. According to you what solutions can be proposed by
government and individuals.
Xenophobia is the fear and stigmatization of foreigners. People who look different, speak a different language, or have
different customs can appear threatening to those who are used to only one particular ethnic group, lifestyle or set of
behaviors. In the western countries xenophobic incidents has gained momentum. The main reason for this is the large scale
immigration of the people across the globe to western countries for a better life. In my opinion, both government and
individuals should take the responsibility to curb this menace. Government should show their political will, understand the
sentiments of the people and educate the people. On the other hand individuals should elect a progressive leader, embrace
diversity and organize against xenophobia

Xenophobia results in discrimination, racism, and nationalism, which in turn inspire violence, hostility, and exploitation. It
is the sheer will power of the government, how strictly it deals with it. It should prosecute hate crimes and hate speech.
Furthermore, punishing the perpetrators sends a clear message that xenophobia is unacceptable. Getting assistance and
support of law enforcement is crucial. Police are often untrained in how to address hate crimes or, worse, among the chief
exploiters of refugees, migrants, and foreigners. Many of the world’s worst atrocities – from the Holocaust to the Rwandan
Genocide – have been inspired by xenophobic sentiments. Government should talk with its citizens and educate them about
these historical facts will help prevent future outbursts of xenophobia.

On the other hand, individuals can also handle xenophobia at their level. They should get organized and united and put up
their issues with the concerned authorities. Secondly, in this era of globalization, one should be ready to embrace diversity.
Many people even go for intercultural marriages. Furthermore, if the individuals are not satisfied with the government, they
can vote and elect a progressive leader. Lastly, people can take the help of media and social networking sites to spread
awareness about the harmful effects of xenophobia.

In a nutshell, the complications that arises because of xenophobia can be dealt, when both government and individuals
works jointly to eradicate it. (346 words)

The 21st Century has begun. What changes do you think this new century will bring ? Use examples and details to
explain your answer.
Historically, evolution has been in nature’s hands. Now, suddenly, it is largely in human hands, but we need to be cautious,
using our scientific know-how as responsibly as possible. The job of today’s young people, or the “Transition Generation”
will be to get humanity through the coming period of chaos, peril, and opportunity. Cognitive abilities of humans has helped
him to transform Stone Age into age of technology in a phased manner. 21St century heralded the era of transformation in
every sphere of life to make the quality of life better . Be it education, infrastructure, medicines, weapons, food and the like.

With the development of infrastructure and means of communication like railways, airways, shipways, cars , world has
transformed into global village . It is not just their development but also its frequency and speed which is constantly being
improved and this century will witness self driven vehicles, flying cars, mono rails, space tourism and many more
inventions which are beyond our imagination.

Life on extra terrestrial planets would become a reality. Astronomical innovations have provided us new insights into life
which was earlier restricted to earth. It will help us to discover medicines of incurable or life threatening diseases as our
space is treasure of rare earth materials and energy. It is already a proven fact that surgeries done in space have better result.
The basic problems of hunger, malnutrition, drinking water, with which our world is still afflicted would be lost into
oblivion. With cutting edge technologies in food production like gene sequencing , Genome project, Bio-technology food,
cross pollination , we will be able to grow foods with desired nutrients and too less land will be required to grow too much
food.

However on the flip side, this century will also pose us with various threats in the form of global warming and subsequent
thinning of ozone layer which may have catastrophic effects on all life forms on earth and might usher what is called as
“Fifth Mass Destruction”. Also new diseases are emerging like Zika Virus, SARS, H1N1 flu, and new types of cancers.
Furthermore due to changes in food chain there has been invasion of alien species which are intensifying the damage.
Development of weapons of mass destruction like hydrogen bomb, chemical bombs would further pose new threats. Human
cloning, Stem cells preservation may also bring unthinkable dangers.

All such fears have to be tackled and managed with utmost level of care and sophistication. Only then we can enjoy the real
fruits of time. And we should be ready for all the threats by catapulting our strengths. (433 words)

As computers are being used more and more in education, there will be soon no role for the teachers in the
classroom.

The extensive use of Internet and computers in variety of activities and especially in education has led to a debate that
because of over-dependence of computers the role of the teachers will be diminished in the classroom. I, strongly believe
that in today’s world classroom teaching cannot be replaced by computers because, computers have limited role to play in
the classroom, whereas teachers can teach the students in multiple ways, as per need and provides an excellent learning
environment.

Initially, the computers support the classroom teaching, as an excellent aid. In addition to it, internet can provide you a vast
pool of knowledge, but it’s only the teacher who can guide you to optimum utilization of the information. Moreover, as a
mentor a teacher understand the strengths and weaknesses of his student and can motivate the pupils accordingly from his
experience. Unlike computers teachers can always have a one to one interaction and provide the valuable feedback to his
students to improve their performance. For instance in Harvard and Oxford University, one mentor is assigned per student
throughout his course to guide and evaluate him.

On the other hand computer is a machine. No doubts it follow all the orders given to it and internet consists of ocean of
information. It can be of much use, when there is a lack of classroom coaching. In the absence of teacher, internet can
substitute the tutor and provide the essential learning. Students can have access to latest information on technology, expert
views and opinions and even participate in the virtual lectures.

Last but not the least, we all have to understand that it is the humans who have discovered computers and internet for the
benefit of the human race. Internet is just a medium to bring the whole world under one roof. The content available on the
internet is the work of humans which is available for everyone to make optimal use of it. It is up to us how much dependent
on computers we become or how creative can we can turn into. (342 words)

Polygamy has led to massive divorce rate around the globe. Give possible solutions for various situations to reduce
the issues

Polygamy means a Man can have multiple wives. Multiple marriages by individuals have enhanced the divorce rate in many
places around the world. Polygamy gives rise to many crises like domestic violence, clash of thoughts, hike in expenses,
mismanagement of resources, inheritance disputes and jealousy among family members. It becomes very difficult to
maintain relationships which lead to separation. In my opinion the possible solutions to these issues are in the introduction
of strict laws, motivating for women empowerment and compulsory education or all.

In polygamous society, man seeks wife among woman of younger ages. As he continues to have multiple partners, the
earlier wives get dejected and the man loses interest in them. This leads to clash of thoughts, domestic violence, conflict of
interests, jealousy and discord. Repeated incidents, further breaks the relationship, and finally ends up with a divorce. In
addition to it the children of polygamous wives also suffers emotionally and for economic resources.

According to me the solution for these issues lie in a monogamous relationship. On the other hand government should
impose stricter laws so that the women are not exploited by men. Also women should be made aware about their rights and
be provided with equal rights in the society. Women empowerment should be encouraged, to reduce the dependency of
women on men. An educated man and woman can take wise decisions, so government should encourage the citizens to
provide compulsory education to all children. Alternatively, in case of divorce a heavy amount of alimony should be
imposed in order to discourage it.

Lastly, spreading awareness and campaigns about the ill effects of polygamy can also be an effective way to tackle the
issues. It is a well known fact that “unity is strength” and a united family will always bring prosperity.

Cultural Shock is a new worrying concern for few immigrants. What are the few possible options to eradicate this?

Cultural setback is causing a panic in the minds of migrants when they reach the new country. Newcomers faces a lot of
teething problems when they arrive in the foreign country in form of adjusting to new language, food habits, diverse laws,
unfamiliar customs and religion. These hurdles can be overcome in different ways. In my opinion flexibility and
adaptability with proper preparation and respecting the laws and customs of the land will help the immigrants to settle down
fast in the new land.

Firstly, prior to leaving your native country one should get oneself acquainted with the new laws and customs of the foreign
country. Moreover, learning the language of the visitor’s country would be an added advantage. It is commonly said that
“When in Rome be like a Roman”. Adjusting to the new culture, climate and food habits will help the migrants to develop
liking and enjoying the foreign culture. To illustrate this many immigrants from the Asian countries migrates to developed
countries like Canada, U.S. They focus on their purpose and are not perturbed by anything else.

Secondly, the newcomers should immediately understand and follow the law of the land in order to keep themselves away
from any trouble. Migrants can mix up with their own community people in the foreign country to ease down the initial
stress.
Lastly, another sensitive issue is of “racism”, which the migrants can face in the foreign country. In that case the best
solution is to face the situation with patience and then take the issue through a proper channel to the concerned authorities.
For instance, in Australia few years back there were few incidents of racism, which were resolved peacefully with the
intervention of authorities.
Finally, I would say that it is up to the attitude of the immigrants, how they would react to and imbibe the new customs and
regulations. In any case, one can enjoy with a new lifestyle and live happily.

‘The Ability to communicate in more than one language will be less important in the future then it is now’ Do you
Agree or disagree with this statement? Provide Support for your opinion.

Communication among the humans has evolved from the Stone Age and has strengthened with the time with the progress of
various languages and power of expression. Different civilizations have developed across the world and thus many
languages and cultures have emerged with them. With them came forth many cultures and literatures defining its uniqueness
and exclusivity. I disagree with the statement that ‘The Ability to communicate in more than one language will be less
important in the future then it is now’.

Firstly, I would like to introduce you that in the world roughly 6,500 languages are spoken and Mandarin Chinese is the
most popular language spoken by maximum number of people. If all the languages get scraped except one, then no doubt
our world will become a one big global village, but the beauty and uniqueness of every culture will decline. Today we boast
and feel proud of our culture and language. Tourists visit different countries because there is diversity in the language,
cultures, festivals, food habits, art and history.

Secondly, in many languages lots of research work, literature, manuscripts, history and science has been written. The
information and knowledge in these works has been kept and used by the generations to follow. This forms the uniqueness
and importance of a particular language and if lost, it will lose the identity of the people and their work. For Example most
of the important literature which is known to us through many old languages like Greek, Hebrew, Sanskrit, old Chinese and
Pali to name a few which makes them

Lastly, I would like to conclude that if a person has the ability to communicate in multiple languages, then he has a better
chance to see, enjoy and understand the world. Every person is capable of contributing to the society and his mother tongue
is the best language for him to express his thoughts.

Improvements in health, education and trade are essential for the development of poorer nations. However, the
governments of richer nations should take more responsibility for helping the poorer nations in such areas.

The development of any nation lies in the improvement of the health, education and trade of that country. Keeping good
health keeps you mentally and physically fit which is essential for people to contribute towards their country. It is said that
the stronger the foundation, the stronger will be the building. Similarly education forms the base on which many talents
have to be nourished. So an education with strong values and principles will form the groundwork, and shape a path for
many able and genius scholars. Furthermore the trade is essential to keep up with the basic economic requirements of any
country. The flourishing of business activities is directly proportional to the development of any nation.

Richer nations play a vital role in cultivating and prospering the poorer nations. Instead of giving grants and loans they can
directly help the poorer nations in educating, training and developing business with them. For Instance Cuba a small country
is known for its world class health services. Strong network of health services in Cuba ensures that not only the citizens can
reach the doctors anytime, but the doctors also visit every citizen for checkup twice a year.

When talking about education, Finland’s free and equal education for everybody is a typical example which demonstrates
how any government can strengthen its education system. In addition to it, if you remember, Japan was devastated after
Hiroshima & Nagasaki bombing. Japan has emerged from a wrecked nation and built a world-class best public transport
services, which has been the backbone of the trade in the country.

To conclude, the richer nations should act like a mentor and strengthen up the process of developing the poorer nation.

Right amount of motivation and practice can teach one better than the training given to him in classrooms by
teachers.
It is rightly said that we require a dose of motivation daily, like we require taking bath. Inspiration can move mountains. I
totally agree that right amount of motivation and practice along with your education is very important for learning. Unless a
person is not motivated enough, we cannot expect that he can imbibe whatever is taught to him. To get the best results from
a student, a dedicated effort integrated with devoted practice brings out the best in him. To illustrate Mohammad Ali, the
veteran boxer would practice so hard, imagining his opponent. His hunger to defeat his competitor blended with inspiration
and undaunted practice will always get him a win.

Bechendari Pal (The first Indian to climb Mount Everest), Sachin Tendulkar the cricket icon, Albert Einstein, Thomas
Edison and King Robert Bruce are few examples of the people who were never disappointed by their failures. They always
motivated themselves and learned from their mistakes and bounced back with even more power.

The quest for knowledge is enhanced, when powered with right motivation and ample practice. Stephen Hawking is a
perfect example to demonstrate this, with all his body is paralyzed and only brain working, he is always motivated to move
towards his next invention.

Lastly, I would like to conclude that any classroom training, if given with enthusiasm and inspiration will lay the foundation
of a strong base on which the student can choose his favorite path and with ample amount of practice he can excel in any
field.

Information revolution has changed the way of mass communications and had some negative and positive effects on
individual lives as well as on society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Information revolution has changed our life drastically, as it has made roads to all walks of life. Undoubtedly it has changed
the way of mass communication which has its own pros and cons. I agree with this statement that it has negative and
positive effect on the person as well as the society because of easily access of information, get expert opinion, less wastage
of time and on contrary, misuse of information and spreading rumors.

The first and foremost, due to information revolution of mass media, people can have easy access to information on any
topic as it is available just a click away because of internet. Moreover, one can get any expert opinion about the information.
Also, getting information fast saves a lot of time because everything is available online. For example, few decades ago we
can use the library physically and read books and find any information, but now time has changed now in 21st century, we
can access all the books, blogs, and information on our computer or television.

Every coin has two sides, so the information can also be abused. It can mislead people and can cause damage to society.
Moreover, people misuse information and that can leads to rumors and even create violence. For instance, information or
posts on social media like Face book and Twitter are unsafe as it can create problems in the on the name on religion or
anything. Furthermore, wrong elements of society can use information in an inappropriate way like making bombs, guns.

In a nutshell, we can say that society should use the electronic information for the betterment of the society as a whole. If
person have any doubt about any information then he should confirm first with Right to Information Act, before taking any
action.

Successful sports stars and glamorous film stars are the role models for many youngsters. Do you agree or not.
Sports stars and film stars play an important role in shaping up the life of many youngsters. Youngsters follow their favorite
stars blindly, and try to imitate them in multiple ways. I agree with the above statement, because film stars and sport stars
inspires the young generation to be successful like them, pick up the right career according to their respective interest and
set further example for many upcoming and inspiring youngsters.

A Youngster, gets motivated early in his life from the film stars and sport stars, as they grow up watching them. They follow
the footsteps of their favorite idol and want to be successful just like them. It is a good sign for the youngsters to understand
their passion and follow it with dedication. The youngsters are ready to face the hardships, which are required to get the
reward of success. In a typical example, Indian Cricket Vice Captain Virat Kohli, pursued his career by getting inspired
from Sachin Tendulkar the great Indian Cricket icon. Also the famous actor Shahruk Khan’s rags to riches story has inspired
many youngsters to follow his lead.

Secondly, many youngsters have identified their career and follow them intensely, keeping in mind their cherished star all
the times. For instance, thousands of youngsters in China start practicing for Olympics as early as 3-4 years and get training
from the previous gold medalist and coaches. As a result the performance of players at Olympics has enhanced in the last 3
decades. Similarly in India, many new sport stars, in the games like shooting, boxing, tennis, wrestling, hockey have
emerged and are paving a path for youngsters to succeed.

Lastly, in addition to setting goals for youngsters these, sports and film stars should also take a social responsibility of not
endorsing for liquor, cigarettes and pan masalas which are hazardous of health.

The ownership of cars should be restricted to one per family in order to reduce traffic congestion and pollution. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?

It might be true that private automobile owner reflect wealth status of individual. A number of private automobile has soared
since a decade ago, yet it has produced traffic congestion and some pollution. Based on that issues, I totally agree if the
number of own car per house is limited and I will discuss the reasonable reason in the following paragraphs.

The first, the overwhelming number of private automobile is not synergy with the large of roads. It becomes the primary
factor of traffic jam since the roads being overcrowded, which contributing most of people spend their time in the road. The
capital city of Indonesia, for instance, has occurred increase of traffic congestion annually due to individual car possess. In
consequence, traffic jam is able to make late either for students or workers. Indeed, it takes up amount of their energy.
Therefore, it is vital to strict the number of car in a house (a car per house) in order to reduce the traffic congestion.

Look at to the other consequence, the high number of car private contributes the amount of pollutions, particularly air
pollution. As people know that gas emission from fuel are contain numerous gasses which is dominated by carbon dioxide.
Breathing carbon dioxide up is eminent in case human’s organ damage. Moreover, pollution is capable of accelerating the
human’s aging, making people seem like older than the actual age. So, limitation of car owner is the one of ways to make a
fall the amount pollution.

To sum up, people are able to save their time effectively in the road if there is no traffic jam anymore, also they can enhance
longevity of life. I absolutely agree if the government create the rules about restriction of number of car per home.

In recent years, the proportion of the crimes committed by youngsters is on the rise. Discuss causes to this problem
and suggest solutions.
It is irrefutable fact that crime committed by youngsters is increasing alarmingly around the globe. In this case, in many
countries, juvenile delinquency has become a topical issue. This essay will examine the substantial factors which are
playing there predominating role to increase of juvenile delinquency before outlining appropriate measure to cope.

There is a variety of factors that account for adolescents’ strong aggressive and criminal tendencies in a modern society.
First and foremost, loss of the family life and the increase in family violence could be a significant factor to be considered.
It is generally seen that more and more parents nowadays show an inclination to abuse their children and treat them as an
outlet of stress. According to the recent study in New Zealand, this behavior of parents leaves young children and teenagers
a misleading impression about violence and gives them composure when acting violently.

In addition to this, busy lifestyle of parents, repeated exposure to violence and delinquent peer groups, and so forth are the
another culprits. Furthermore, the spread of the Internet has compounded this effect. Despite the cause discussed above
regarding juvenile delinquency, there are quite a few readily solutions exist which could be implemented to mitigate the
impacts caused by the potential factors. Initially, good family life could be an effective tool. It is generally seen that an
under aged person correctly oriented in life if they have good family values. Moreover, it is imperative that parents limit or
even prevent children’s exposure to violence; a trigger for their aggressive behaviors could be another indispensable key
that can be adopted.

In last, undoubtedly, the crime committed by youngsters is increasing; however, above mentioned come concrete steps can
assist to mitigate the damaging impacts.

In order to solve traffic problems, governments should tax private car owners heavily and use the money to improve
public transportation. What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution? Give reasons for your answer
and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge.
Traffic congestion in many cities around the world is severe. One possible solution to this problem is to impose heavy taxes
on car drivers and use this money to make public transport better. This essay will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of such
a measure.

One of the first benefits of such a measure is that the heavy taxes would discourage car owners from using their cars
because it would become very expensive to drive. This would mean that they would begin to make use of public transport
instead, thus reducing traffic problems and pollution as well. Another benefit would be that much more use would be made
of public transport if it was improved. It is often the case that public transport in cities is very poor. For example, we often
see old buses and trains that people would rather not use. High taxes would generate enough money to make the necessary
changes.

Nevertheless, there are drawbacks to such a solution. First and foremost, this would be a heavy burden on the car drivers. At
present, taxes are already high for a lot of people, and so further taxes would only mean less money at the end of the month
for most people who may have no choice but to drive every day. In addition, this type of tax would likely be set at a fixed
amount. This would mean that it would hit those with less money harder, whilst the rich could likely afford it. It is therefore
not a fair tax.
 To conclude, this solution is worth considering to improve the current situation, but there are advantages and disadvantages
of introducing such a policy.

As people live longer and longer, the idea of cloning human beings in order to provide spare parts is becoming a
reality. The idea horrifies most people, yet it is no longer mere science fiction. To what extent do you agree with such
a procedure? Have you any reservations?
The cloning of animals has been occurring for a number of years now, and this has now opened up the possibility of cloning
humans too. Although there are clear benefits to humankind of cloning to provide spare body parts, I believe it raises a
number of worrying ethical issues.

Due to breakthroughs in medical science and improved diets, people are living much longer than in the past. This, though,
has brought with it problems. As people age, their organs can fail so they need replacing. If humans were cloned, their
organs could then be used to replace those of sick people. It is currently the case that there are often not enough organ
donors around to fulfill this need, so cloning humans would overcome the issue as there would then be a ready supply.

However, for good reasons, many people view this as a worrying development. Firstly, there are religious arguments against
it. It would involve creating another human and then eventually killing it in order to use its organs, which it could be argued
is murder. This is obviously a sin according to religious texts. Also, dilemmas would arise over what rights these people
have, as surely they would be humans just like the rest of us. Furthermore, if we have the ability to clone humans, it has to
be questioned where this cloning will end. Is it then acceptable for people to start cloning relatives or family members who
have died?

To conclude, I do not agree with this procedure due to the ethical issues and dilemmas it would create. Cloning animals has
been a positive development, but this is where it should end.

AS PROXIMAS REDACOES TEM MTOS ERROS GRAMATICAS E DE SPELLING TB. PORTANTO FIQUE ATENTO
PARA NAO REPETIR OS MESMOS ERROS. TB NAO TENHO CERTEZA SE ELAS SAO REDACOES DO PTE. MAS
TB NAO CUSTA DAR UMA ESTUDADA

Some people think foreign visitors should be charged more than local people when they visit the cultural and historical
attractions in a country. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
International tourism has become the backbone of many economies of the world and these countries rely heavily on the tourist dollar.
That is why some people opine that foreign visitors should be charged more than the domestic tourists. Although these people have
their arguments for their opinions, personally, I disagree with this practice.

It is common in many Indian tourist places to see rate tables such as the following:-Taj Mahal, Agra: Indian Citizens Rs 20,
Foreigners Rs 970; Fatehpur Sikri, Agra: Indian Citizens Rs 50, Foreigners Rs 485. The increase in prices is due to the fact that the
Indian rupee is much weaker than currencies of many European countries and other developed nations. Therefore, such tourists can
afford to pay without feeling the pinch, and the upkeep of historical monuments is done through this money. Secondly, foreigners are
accustomed to prices being much higher in their home countries. For example, entry to the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art is
US$20 (Rs 886). In that context, the Taj – an acknowledged wonder of the world, with centuries of tradition and some of the most
striking architecture ever created by man – is very reasonable at Rs 970.

There are many reasons to oppose the above view. Firstly, it is unfair and leads to discrimination. Come to think of it – if an Indian
visiting a foreign country has to pay similar high rates, what would be the reaction? On the one hand we brag about ‘Atithi Devo
Bhava’ ( meaning that guest is like God ), and on the other hand we fleece these tourists by charging them astronomically high rates.
What impression of our country would these tourists take home with them?

Another reason to oppose the above view is that foreign travelers may never come again and this could deter their friends and all
others who get this negative information. As it is, the international tourists spend a lot by staying, wining, dining and traveling in the
foreign country and so it would be a big loss to that country in the long run.

Summing up, it is not good to charge foreign tourists more than local tourist because it would be unfair and it would be a short
sighted approach of earning the tourist dollar.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of studying the plays and theatrical arts which were written centuries ago?
All literary genres contain the very essence of their times. These art forms act like mirrors showing the true images of specific
civilisations. The study of century old dramas and plays by pupils in their student career is beneficial for understanding human
development but its downsides also cannot be ignored. This essay discusses both sides in detail.

To begin with, the prime benefit of studying drama and other literary genres makes students aware about the traditions, customs,
rituals and lifestyle of people of bygone centuries. This awareness about various communities assists pupils in understanding human
behaviours. For instance, famous playwright Shakespeare’s works have immortalised his time. He is not known as a dramatist of
16th century but of every century. Besides this, young people become aware about the follies done by people of specific cultures and
learn lessons to avoid those in present era. Thus literature teaches youngsters to tread on right path and avoid wrong customs.

On the flip side, studying theatres during student career is considered sheer wastage of time and energy. In the world of cut throat
competition, youngsters are required to pay attention towards modern sciences these days which eventually help them in excelling in
academic and professional fields. Furthermore, the comic, tragic and romantic plays of old days distract young minds. They start
taking imaginary flights on the wings of fantasy. This escapism affects their mental growth and they become sceptical in human
dealings

To conclude, it is drawn that studying literature in school and college days is beneficial for personal growth, simultaneously, the bad
impact of these literary pieces cannot be ignored. A balanced pedagogical approach is needed to adopt to take the benefits of classical
writings.

Foreign languages should be compulsory in the primary school. How far do you agree with the above statement?
Primary schooling is considered the most important basic level of learning as subjects taught in this curriculum plays a fundamental
role in children’s future . Acknowledging this issue, many countries are starting to put a foreign language subject into their
curriculum, while other states still practice this subject in secondary stage of education. This essay will look at those critical reasons
why should students start learning foreign language at primary school. It helps juveniles learn new language more effectively in their
young age and as lot of media around them in this globalising era are in foreign language.

The basic level of learning is regarded as a significant part of human’s learning abilities. We learned how to write in our native
language from this stage and we then developed it at secondary and tertiary levels. The basics of these skills helps us a lot in
developing in other steps. Imagine if we started to learn our own language at secondary school, it would have been the most difficult
to study or expand it, and it also would have been too late as at this time we are expected to learn more than a language at secondary
level.

This basic skill of new language helps our juveniles learn the world easier such as learning other cultures. So far many
knowledgeable sources are in English, for instance internet, television and visiting people. These things absolutely provide the
children a great opportunity to learn new things. More over, with this second language skill, the young kids can go and continue their
secondary school abroad.

In conclusion, studying a new language at primary school is very necessary in this globalising world. It helps young
students to have more chances to communicate and learn outside their cultures, opinions and knowledge.
As people become increasingly more dependent on motor cars, the public transport systems tend to run down. This
has serious consequences for both existing community and new communities, which are spreading farther and
farther from town centres. Express your opinion, and support the same with reasons and examples.
The car and the powerful engine that supports it gives us the impression of speed and convenience. Seldom do we
take our thoughts to the exhausts, which puff out millions of toxic and polluting particles taking the toll of toxic
gases higher every second.In most of the big cities of the world the pollution level is higher than the safe limits. This
increase can be directly attributed to vehicular traffic on roads and to industrial emissions. Because of the
convenience of personal conveyance and the lack of space within the city, the suburban areas have kept expanding
outwards. The trunk roads to and from the city are clogged particularly during office rush hours in the morning and
in the evening. So we can attribute the congestion and air pollution in the cities to the vehicular traffic.Because of
this congestion, the ‘car’ traffic moves at extremely slow speeds, which increases both the commuting time and the
pollution levels. On the other hand, the public transport system remains under-utilised and also suffers the impact of
the congestion caused by the ‘car traffic’.

Every vehicle, the public and the private, gets delayed and commuting time increases manifold.Yet there are ways to
help the situation. If only there could be separate lanes for the public transport, it would deliver better speed and
make car driving less attractive. The city rail, using different routes than the trunk roads, could be another good
option. The whole purpose is to make the public transport speedier than the ‘car’. This, in turn, will reduce the
congestion, the pollution and help reduce commuting times.

Companies can progress by good communion, collaboration between the employers and staff. Good incentives,
individualistic approach, recognition and a pat at the back for the successful completion of a project can enhance the
enthusiasm and can lead the company to visionary targets and goals. Discuss the extent to which you agree or
disagree with this statement. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your experiences and
observations.

Some people prefer to play team sports, while other prefer to play individual sports. Discuss the advantages of each.
Then indicate which you prefer and why?
Sport is an excellent way to improve our health and lift up our attitude no matter it is team sports or individual
sports. I myself always enjoy group activities where I can feel being a part of something. That is why I love team
sports.

The first benefit of team sport is you learn how to do a teamwork. You learns that it is not only you who can make a
great achievement but how you can support other people to make the best team. You become more responsible for
the result of the whole team. If you watch a football match, you expects all the players to cooperate with each others,
do the good passes to each other, helping each other to score. And when you win, it is an enormous joy for all the
members because all of them see their roles for the win.

Further more, if you plays a team sport, you learn how to discipline yourself at a high level. When your group practice, you
need to practice with them. It is not you to decide where and when you want to play or practice. Your performance
really effects on the whole team. So it is a very good way to improve our self-discipline
One of the best reason I love team sport is the sprit of a team and the encouragement between all members. I love to play
tennis. Even though I can play on my own but It is always good to have a partner to play with me who motivate and
inspire me to keep trying which I hardly do myself when I feel so lazy or so down.

However, I have friends who are great in individual sport. They love being on their own and decide where and when they
can practice. They don’t have to wait for the whole team to make decision. They don’t have to wait for the whole
team to vote for their plan or their strategy.They are the one who also decide the result. Their performance doesn’t
affect much on other people. That is much more comfortable.

It is seems to me that individual sport has a higher competitive level. People who enjoy this kind of sport train themselves to
fight on their own and they get credit for their own if they win. The feeling “I am the best” is always thrilling and
desiring in each of human being.

It depend much on the personality and the condition that people choose either team sports or individuals sport. I myself love
to have partners in all the activities. So team sport is always my choice.

You are given climate as the field of study. Which area will you prefer? Explain why you picked up the particular
area for your study?

All over the world today, it can be observed that the issue of climate change has grown in importance over the past few
decades. Therefore, if I were given climate as my field of study, I would like to study the underlying causes of this
devastating global phenomenon and possible solutions to tackle this.

To begin with, a variety of reasons can be offered to explain why I would choose this particular area of study. Foremost
among these is the fact that we have been experiencing the hottest 15 years on record in the last two decades. Linked
to this is the fact that millions are at risk of drought, chronic water shortages, bushfire, coastal flooding and
hazardous air pollution. As the above-mentioned points make it clear, it can hardly be denied that the issues of
climate change must be addressed with a sense of urgency.

But what really is the proper role for individuals and institutions in addressing climate change? An immediate and natural
response may be that everyone should do their part. As individuals, we can help by taking action to reduce our
personal carbon emissions. But to fully address the threat of global warming, we must demand action from our
elected leaders to support and implement a comprehensive set of climate solutions such as transforming our energy
system to a cleaner one, placing limits on the amount of carbon that polluters are allowed to emit, reducing tropical
deforestation and its associated global warming emissions.

In conclusion, It is my considered opinion that if we were to put in place some of the solutions mentioned, we would at least
be on our way to solving this problem. Therefore, I would like to play my part to contribute to the solution of climate
change.

In many countries, good schools and medical facilities are available only in cities. Some people think new teachers
and doctors should work in rural areas for a few years, but others think everyone should be free to choose
where they work. Discuss and give your own opinion.

As a big gap is there between the urban and rural areas, some people opine that teachers and doctors who are fresh out of
college should work in villages for a few years. However, others believe that the choice of where to work should be
left on the teachers and doctors. In this essay I shall discuss the merits and demerits of both approaches and finally
give my opinion.
There are many advantages of having teachers and doctors work in rural areas. Firstly, the people in the villages will have
access to medical care and education which they are deprived of normally. Secondly, it would be good for the
teachers and doctors who are fresh from university to translate their theoretical knowledge into practice. In urban
areas there already so many experienced teachers and doctors. Therefore, people would naturally not opt for fresh
ones. In a rural setting, they would gain a lot of confidence very early on in their career. Finally, a few of these
doctors and teachers may choose to live permanently in those villages to serve humanity.

On the other hand, this compulsory policy may have some negative effects. To begin with, we belong to a democratic
country and everyone has a right to work where one pleases. Such enforcement may result in working passively and
there will be no motivation. So the rural residents may not get appropriate treatment and service. Secondly, fewer
and fewer students would choose such majors and careers and so in the long run there would be shortage of such
professionals.

In my opinion, it would be better to have such a rule. It would be a win-win situation for both, rural people and the
professionals. It would also help to bridge the gap between the cities and the countryside. The government can,
however, make fresh teachers and doctors want to work in the rural areas by offering higher salaries and other
incentives.

To put it in a nutshell, it could be said that, sending doctors and teachers to rural areas would be an ideal situation but the
government should offer some financial and non-financial schemes to the fresh doctors and teachers so that they
willingly go to such areas and work with full zeal and energy.

Some people think past history has nothing or little to tell us, but others think that studying the past history can help
us better understand the present. Please discuss the two views and give your own opinion.
History refers to all the things that happened in the past, especially the political, social, or economic development of
a nation. Literally, everything, including a nation, a city, a town, a subject, a business, and even a product, has its
unique history. Some individuals are of the opinion that studying past history is useless today but others believe it is
very essential to know history to better understand the present. I intend to discuss both sides of the argument in this
essay.

Undoubtedly, the present is the continuation of the past. Therefore, studying the past history can enable us to better
understand what is going on around us. For example, if we are equipped with relevant knowledge of history, it will
be easier for us to understand the evolution of mankind. It would also tell us how we progressed and reached where
we are today. We would also know how technology developed step by step. History can serve us as a guide because
of which we do not repeat the mistakes of yesteryears. We also get inspiration from the great men of the past through
history.

Those opposed to the study of history argue that the past was very different from the present and we cannot apply that
knowledge to the present. For example, they say that the French Revolution and the freedom struggle of India have
no need to be learnt because those situations will never arise again. What they forget is that this knowledge makes us
realize the importance of liberty and self governance.

Opponents of the study of history also claim that history has nothing to do with professionals such as architects and
accountants. I believe they would be better in their professions if they know something about the history of
architecture or that of accountancy. As a matter of fact, you are supposed to demonstrate some evidence of historical
ability if you want to pursue almost any career.

To sum up, studying the past history can not only deepen and widen our knowledge but also help us develop the power of
analysis. Thus, we are able to look at what is happening at present from a historical perspective and better
understanding. It has been rightly said by Cicero :

Air travel can only benefit the richest people in the world. Ordinary people can get no advantage with the
development of air travel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
I disagree with the statement that air travel has advantages only for the wealthiest people and there are no benefits for the
vast majority of the middle and lower class people. I shall put forth my arguments to support my views in the
following essay.

There is no doubt that a few years ago, air travel was only for the upper strata of society. However, nowadays, most of the
airline companies are offering economy class tickets which are affordable by the common man. On top of that, they
have schemes by which if one buys a ticket well in advance then the cost of ticket is even lower. So, the given
statement is not justified in today’s scenario.

Even if we go with the notion that only the rich can travel by air, then also the ordinary man is benefitted in various ways.
When rich tourists come to visit a place, they spend a lot in hotels, tourist places and also in the shopping centres
from where they buy souvenirs. Many people are employed in the tourism industry. Even if they cannot travel
themselves, their source of income is directly or indirectly dependent on these tourists who travel by air. For
example, in India, during the tourist season, many guides, rickshaw wallas and taxi drivers earn enough to last them
a whole year.

Moreover, it is a well known fact that, as tourists come, the governments spend on infrastructure such as stadiums roads and
hotels. All these are used by the common man. Finally, the common man gets opportunity for culture exchange even
without himself travelling by air. When other people come he learns about their culture and gives them the good
points of his culture.

Summing up, air travel benefits all people and not just the most affluent.

Some people think it is not necessary for adults to receive education in class. Self-study is a good way for them to
study more effectively. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

When adults choose to study, it is mostly for self-enrichment, for enjoyment or self-improvement, not to work toward a
vocation or degree. They have two options in front of them. One is to do self study through various resources such as
the internet or libraries and the other is by enrolling in regular classes. I do agree that self study is more convenient
for adults; however, the most effective approach would be to do major part of the study on one’s own and top it up
with a few days in the classroom.

With the help of the Internet self-study can be a very useful way to learn anything nowadays. There are thousands of
resources available on the Internet that can help one to traverse the ins and outs of any subject. Many sites also offer
video tutorials. By utilizing the vast amounts of teaching resources as well as authentic materials, such as official
online sites of some universities, one can really develop one’s skills independently. Besides the Internet one can
purchase textbooks or borrow books from libraries that can help in learning about any subject. Finally, self study
requires very little finances and one can also look after family commitments.

There are some disadvantages of self study. To begin with, it is difficult to remain focused on study and one can get bored or
distracted very soon. The teachers in the classroom setting can keep one focused on study. Secondly, while doing self
study, there are chances that one can study incorrectly. Nonetheless, for adults self education is much more
convenient as the classroom may not be in an approachable location or the timing may not suit them.

On balance it can be concluded that, as that there are many barriers to adult education such as time, money and family
commitments, I agree to quite some extent that self study is a good way for them. However, I would also like to say
that the ideal approach would be to have a blend of self study and classroom learning.

People can perform everyday tasks, such as shopping and banking as well as business transactions, without meeting
other people face-to-face because of technology. What are the effects of this on individual and society as a
whole?
The availability and application of modern devices and tools of communications like Fax machines, telephone,
interactive TV and computer have brought tremendous convenience and efficiency to both life and work. Thanks to
telecommunications, daily tasks and business transactions can be performed without meeting other people in person.
This practice certainly has positive effects on the individual and the society as a whole.
Undoubtedly, e-shopping and e-banking make life more convenient than ever before. People can stay home comfortably,
looking on the Internet where a vast sea of information is available to find what they need. They Log on to the
relevant websites and look for detailed information on the products and services that they are interested in. They read
the descriptions, examine the pictures, and check the prices. Eventually, they make a decision and send an e-mail to
order and pay for it by e-banking. All can be done at home, without scanning newspaper advertisements, reading
reference print materials, going around downtown as they did before. As a result, they have more time to take part in
social activities, pursue hobbies and interests and communicate with families, which are all indispensable parts of
quality life.
With the increase in the use of mobile phones and computers, fewer people are writing letters. Some people think
that the traditional skill of writing letters will disappear completely. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
How important do you think is letter-writing?
It is irrefutable that in today’s era of modern technology, many people struggle to produce letters and often avoid
writing letter altogether. Nevertheless, I don’t agree that this skill is gradually disappearing. In this essay I shall put
forth arguments to support my view and also talk about the importance of letter writing.

Firstly, let us consider the reasons why writing letters is less frequent nowadays. This is because of modern technology.
These days we are much more likely to email someone than write a letter. In addition our business communications
have become more informal than in the past. As a result a less formal style of writing is more acceptable. Other
forms of communication such as text messaging have reduced our need to write letters even more.

However, in my opinion, there are times when there is no alternative to writing a letter. Letters are generally more formal
and carefully composed than emails. This makes them more suitable for occasions when they are likely to be kept
and re-read, perhaps several times, by the recipient, as with formal letters of thanks or sympathy. In letters provide a
written record, unlike telephone calls, so they are also a better way of setting out an important or complex argument,
as in the official complaints or legal matters. Moreover, that time is still very far when everyone will have a
computer and internet connection. Till that time letter writing can never disappear.

So, it can be seen that letter writing is a very important skill to learn because there are many parts of the world where it is
very important to be formal. This is particularly true if you are involved in international business. Because of
globalisation the business world is becoming more and more international and it is not always possible to pick up the
telephone to talk to people. Consequently I believe that letter writing will never die out completely. And even though
these letters may be written on computers rather than by hand we still need to learn and practice this skill.

To sum up, there are fewer times when we need to write letters than in the past. On the other hand, I feel there are still some
important occasions when a letter is the most appropriate form of communication.

The food travels thousands of miles from farm to consumer. Some people think it would be better to our environment
and economy if people only ate local produced food. What extent do the advantages outweigh disadvantages
Nowadays, supermarkets are stocked with food products from around the world. Some individuals are of the opinion
that this imported food has detrimental effect on our economy and culture and it would be better if people ate only
the local produce. Certainly, the disadvantages of imported food outweigh the advantages.

On the positive side, transporting goods over a long distance gives us a lot of choices. We can taste a variety of fruits and
vegetables from all parts of the world. For example, about ten years ago, we hardly saw kiwi fruit which is from
New Zealand. But, now it has a place on every fruit stand. Secondly, many people get employment in this field.
Small farmers have a chance to expand globally and it increases the overall economy of the country. Finally, it helps
in developing good relations between countries which helps in international cooperation and peace. If countries are
dependent upon one another’s economic success then armed conflict would be less likely.

On the other hand, importing food can have a negative effect on local culture. This can be seen in countries such as Japan
where imported food has become more popular than traditional, local produce, eroding people’s understanding of
their own food traditions. Although some would claim that this is a natural part of economic development, in an
increasingly global world. I feel strongly that any loss of regional culture would be detrimental.

A second major reason to reduce imports is the environmental cost. Currently, many food imports such as fruit, are
transported thousands of miles by road, sea and air, making the produce more expensive to buy and increasing
pollution from exhaust fumes. Despite the fact that trade in food exports has existed for many years, I am convinced
that a reduction would bring significant financial and environmental gains.

In conclusion, I am certain that if people ate locally produced food, it would have environmental benefits. It would also
benefit the local economy because, in time, people would prosper commercially as the demand for local and regional
produce would remain high resisting the competition from overseas.
With technology speeding up, more and more young people begin to use mobile phones and the Internet, but old
people have little chance to be exposed to them. What ways could mobile phone and the Internet be useful to
old people? How can old people be encouraged to use this new technology?

It is irrefutable that the young generation today are technophiles and are very comfortable with mobile phones and internet
whereas the elderly are uneasy with the latest technological devices. This essay shall delve into how the mobile
phone and internet could be useful for the senior citizens and ways to encourage them to use such technology.

Mobile phones and internet could be beneficial to old people in various ways. To begin with, we all know that a major
problem the elderly face is of social isolation. Nuclear families predominate these days and even in nuclear families,
children have to leave their parents to seek greener pastures abroad. Through these technologies the elderly can
connect with their kith and kin who live far away from them. For example, through the internet, they can chat with
their grandchildren and also see them through web camera.

Furthermore, the elderly face a lot of health problems. Through mobile phone they can any time call the ambulance or their
relatives and get timely medical help. Through the internet they can get consultation of any doctor in any part of the
world by showing their digital x-ray or MRI scan. Another advantage of such technology to the elderly is that they
can entertain themselves through these gadgets. They have a lot of free time and they can listen to religious hymns,
visit sacred and holy places on the net which they can’t otherwise visit because of failing health. They can also do
net-banking, online shopping and also book their rail tickets and air tickets online.

There are a lot of ways to motivate the elderly to use these equipments. Firstly, they can be made aware of the various ways
such things can help them. The government and NGOs can open free training centres to appraise them with this
technology. Grandchildren can teach their grandparents about these gadgets. Too many features on mobile phones
deter the elderly from using them. So, user-friendly models could be made especially for them. Finally, these gadgets
could be made available to the elderly at subsidized rates.

Some developing countries invite large multinational companies to open offices and factories in order to help their
economy. However, others feel that foreign companies should be shut out and instead the government should
help the local companies to contribute to the economic growth. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

It is a highly debatable issue whether multinational companies (MNCs) should be encouraged by the governments of
developing countries or whether the local companies should be promoted. I firmly believe that MNCs are good for
the economic growth. A number of arguments surround my opinion.

There are many advantages of MNCs. To begin with they provide employment that usually pays better than other available
opportunities. What is more, they train local labour with more sophisticated techniques which in the long run bring
benefits to the host country. They also raise the growth rate of host nation by introducing new investment and new
technology. To add to it, they promote efficient production and bring a broader range of products to the widest
possible market.

Furthermore, such MNCs promote improvement or development of various supporting industries or complementary
industries. For example, if an MNC opens in a place, then many businesses open in the neighbourhood, which cater
to the workers working in these MNCs. In this way, they stabilize and stimulate local economies, and raise standards
of living.

Another important advantage of MNCs is that they induce their local rivals to become more innovative and competitive.
For instance, it is a well known fact that Indian company Videocon has improved its standard to compete with MNCs
such as Samsung and Sony. Finally, these companies promote positive values, such as diversity, and equality for
women. They also create an environment of nonviolence and international cooperation.

To conclude, MNCs may have their negative points, but their pros far outweigh their cons. So, they should be promoted by
the governments of developing countries.
As global trade increases between different countries, many daily necessities are produced in other countries. Such
goods are usually transported a long distance. Do the benefits of this trend outweigh its drawbacks?
Or
Because of the global economy, many goods including what we use as daily basic produced by other counties have to
be transported for a long distance. To what extent do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
Glottalization has revolutionized our world in many aspects. Now, we don’t belong to a big planet Earth. We belong to a
small global village. Everything is available everywhere. There are many advantages and disadvantages of transporting
goods over a long distance. In my opinion, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.

On the positive side, transporting goods over a long distance gives us a lot of choices. We can taste a variety of fruits and
vegetables from all parts of the world. For example, about ten years ago, we hardly saw kiwi fruit which is from New
Zealand. But, now it has a place on every fruit stand. Earlier, we had very few shoe brands like Bata and power but now the
market is flooded with Reebok, Nike, Adidas and other foreign brands.

Secondly, many people get employment in this field. Small businesses have a chance to expand globally and it increases the
overall economy of the country. Finally, it helps in developing good relations between countries which helps in international
co-operation and peace. If countries are dependent upon one another’s economic success then armed conflict would be less
likely.

On the downside, importing goods can have a negative effect on local culture. This can be seen in countries such as Japan
where imported food has become more popular than traditional, local produce, eroding people’s understanding of their own
food traditions. A second major disadvantage is pollution. When goods are transported thousands of miles by road, sea and
air, it increases pollution from exhaust fumes.

To conclude, importing goods has both merits and demerits but the pros outweigh the cons.

Some people think imported food exerts positive impacts on our lives. To what extent do you agree or disagree
Nowadays, supermarkets are stocked with food products from around the world. Some individuals are of the opinion that
this imported food has beneficial effect on us. I beg to differ. I feel that the local and regional produce is better for us and
will discuss why in this essay.

It is certainly the case that importing food can have a negative effect on local culture. This can be seen in countries such as
India where imported food has become more popular than traditional, local produce. This has eroded people’s understanding
of their own food traditions. Earlier, people in India sat together to eat their traditional meals but the fast food is generally
eaten alone sitting in front of the TV. Although some would claim that this is a natural part of economic development, in an
increasingly global world. I feel strongly that any loss of regional culture would be detrimental.

A second major reason to reduce imports is the environmental cost. Currently, many food imports such as fruit, are
transported thousands of miles by road, sea and air, making the produce more expensive to buy and increasing pollution
from exhaust fumes. Despite the fact that trade in food exports has existed for many years, I am convinced that a reduction
would bring significant financial and environmental gains. What is more, the local farmer cannot cope up with the stiff
competition and is therefore suffering a lot.

However, many jobs depend on food exports and some less developed countries may even depend on this trade for
economic survival. In spite of this, the importance of developing local trade should not be undervalued.

In conclusion, I reiterate my views saying that reducing food imports would have cultural and environmental benefits. What
is more, the local economy should, in time, prosper commercially as the demand for local and regional produce remains
high resisting the competition from overseas.
In some countries around the world, voting is compulsory.Do you agree with the notion of compulsory voting?
If it is compulsory in democratic society, what conclusions can we draw about ‘Nature of democracy?’

Compulsory voting in a democratic society is undeniably a controversial topic as it raises a question: how democratic a
nation will be with or without compulsory voting. This system has many benefits to the nation, if it is implemented in a right
manner. In this essay we will discuss the nature of democracy with few examples of compulsory voting.

Democracy is also known as republic, is a governing system where the citizens of the country vote to one of the several
parties competing for the President’s position. If only 30% of the people vote then outcome of the election will be unfair, as
those who did not vote may not like the party that won the election. For instance, In America, Bill Clinton won when mere
34% of the total population voted. Similarly in India on an average only 50 to 55% of the people vote and rest have to
accept the rules drafted by the unwanted members of the parliament.

Turning to the compulsory casting of vote, in Australia casting vote is compulsory since last 80 years. Almost 90% of public
participate and there is a little fine for those who don’t participate. Moreover, in South American nations like Peru and
Bolivia there are harsh punitive action against those who don’t vote. For example, Non Voters are barred from accessing
their own bank accounts for up to 3 months. This is the reason there are some people who are against compulsory voting.

In a nutshell it can be said that compulsory casting of vote is an imperative step in a democratic society, however its
implication in a friendly manner is of vital importance. So compulsory voting is mandatory for a democracy to be a
democracy.

Some people think that students benefit from going to private secondary schools. Others, however, feel that private
secondary schools can have a negative effect on society as a whole. Discuss both these views and give your own
opinion.
In order to choose the right type of secondary school, you need to weigh all of the options open to you. It is a highly debated
issue whether private secondary schools are good or bad for society. In the following paragraphs, I intend to delve into the
pros and cons of private secondary schools.

On the positive side, most of the private schools offer smaller classroom size and so the child can receive more individual
attention from teachers. It is a well known fact that secondary education is very important because in most cases the career
is based on secondary school subjects. Secondly, private secondary schools offer better academic and extracurricular
programs. As a result there are lower drop-out rates. Finally, there is less on-campus violence in private schools as
compared to government schools. This is because students realize that their parents are spending huge sums of money on
their schooling and so they are more serious in studies.

On the downside, there is less diversity in private schools as compared to public government) schools. As a result children
will meet fewer peers from diverse backgrounds because of the tuition fee. Secondly, private secondary schools don’t
conform strictly to educational regulations. So you have to do a lot of effort to select the right school for your child.

Finally, these schools are very expensive and consequently increase the gap between the rich and the poor. The children
from affluent backgrounds can afford these schools and get quality education because of which they get into the best
universities for higher education. The disadvantaged children of poor backgrounds find it very difficult to compete with
them in all spheres of life. So, these create an imbalance in society.

Summing up, private secondary schools are providing quality education and are a boon for society. However, they should
have some relaxation in fees for the meritorious students of poor backgrounds so that their disadvantages are minimized.

There are social, medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take?
Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phones?

Mobile phone is one of the most important inventions that have brought people tremendous convenience and efficiency.
Admittedly, if misused or overused, it may cause some social, medical and technical problems. However, its pros far
outnumber its cons.

Mobiles have helped people remain connected with the world from wherever they are. Distance is not a barrier any more
there is a sense of security if you know you have a gadget with which you can be in touch with your near and dear ones. At
the time of emergencies and calamities, they are one of the most used tools for supplying immediate help.
Mobile phones also provide us with facilities like messaging, camera, recording and internet. As a matter of fact, now they
can serve as a good replacement of laptop. Business transactions can also take place at any time of the day and family
commitments can also be fulfilled while at work. Cell phones also serve as entertainment tools as many games can now be
played and some phones have FM radio connection too.

On the downside, mobile phones emit infrared rays which directly affect the body part exposed to. According to Australian
Health Research Institute, use of mobile phones can lead to ear, eye and brain cancer besides some other disorders like heart
ailments. Overuse of mobiles takes away the privacy and sometimes even the peace of mind. Wherever we are, at work, at
home or in a social gathering, we are hammered with unwanted calls or messages. It is a boon to roadside paparazzi for
whom taking snaps is just too easy with more advanced mobiles.

To sum up, the advantages of the mobile phone far outweigh its disadvantages. Mobile technology definitely has brought a
revolution and changed the way to work, to socialize and to entertain, but we must be more wise and responsible in using it.

Some people think that teachers should be responsible for teaching students to judge what is right and wrong so that
they can behave well. Others say that teachers should only teach students academic subjects. Discuss both views and
give your opinion.
A well known adage from India says “Acharya devo bhava,” which means teachers are next to God. Right from the ancient
times, teachers are put on the highest position. It is a highly debatable topic whether teachers should be concerned with only
academics or also teach manners and etiquettes to children. In this essay I intend to discuss both sides of the argument.

Teacher is like a potter who moulds the earthen vessels in whichever form he wants. A child’s mind is like raw clay and is
very much ready to be moulded in the shape it is guided to. A good teacher always feels responsible to develop a child’s
conscience. He has the potential to become a friend, philosopher and guide for his students. With this special position in
students’ life, he often acts as their role model. His words highly influence the minds of the students. Students always try to
imitate his actions or implement his teachings, so he has to be much careful of his behaviour. So, in that respect a teacher
has a much more role than just teaching academic subjects.

Furthermore, teachers convey many good things to parents and society through students in many parts of the world. For
example, in Nepal, where illiteracy rate is very high, teachers convey many valuable messages such as of personal hygiene
through students. When a student goes home and tells his parents that my teacher says we should wash hands before meals,
then parents listen. In such set-ups teachers are playing a much greater role than academicians.

On the other hand, those who say that teachers should only concentrate on teaching course material, argue that competition
is stiff and if children lag behind in curriculum, they will never be able to catch up with their counterparts in other parts of
today’s global village. They opine that rules of behavior can be taught by parents at home.

In conclusion, I believe that teachers have a much bigger role than just covering the syllabus.

International travel and tourism makes people prejudiced rather than broad-minded. What are its causes and what
measures can be taken to solve this problem
It is irrefutable that international travel and tourism has taken mammoth dimensions. Unfortunately, sometimes,
international tourism creates tension rather than understanding between people from different cultures. In this essay I intend
to delve into the causes of this situation and suggest some ways forward.

The most important reason why some are opposed to international tourism is that tourists may unknowingly show disrespect
for local culture. For instance, we generally cover our heads in a religious place. A tourist may not do so or take his shoes
inside a temple. This may offend the local people. Sometimes, youngsters may be attracted towards the western culture
which the tourists bring with them and many may find this as a threat to the local culture.

Moreover, the tourist dollar may not be helping the local people. We all know that tourists stay in five star hotels and enjoy
the best facilities. They may be taking two showers a day where as the local people may not have enough water to drink.
This has been the case in Shimla which is a very popular hill station in Himachal Pradesh India. On top of that, when
tourists buy souvenirs from local artisans, they bargain a lot. The poor artisans, who look up to tourists for their livelihood,
end up earning the bare minimum. Finally, tourism creates pollution, which helps nobody. We are all suffering the
consequences of global warming.
The solutions are not simple. We cannot discourage tourism. It is the backbone of many economies of the world. First of all,
the tour operators should take the onus of guiding the tourists about the main things of local culture. Secondly, the tourists
should stay with locals as paying guests. This would be a win-win situation for both. Local people would earn and the
tourist would taste the local culture. Finally, ecotourism should be promoted. For example, if an elephant ride is possible,
the tourist should avoid using car. After all a good tourist is one – who takes away nothing but photographs and leaves
behind nothing but footprints.

Summing up, international traveland tourism does have a downside to it but many steps can be taken to lessen the negative
effects.

Tobacco, mainly in the form of cigarettes is one of the most widely used drugs in the world. Over a billion adults
legally smoke tobacco every day. The long term health costs are high- for the smokers themselves, and for the
wider community in terms of health care costs and lost productivity.Do Governments have a legitimate role to
protect citizens from the harmful effects of their own decisions to smoke, or are such decisions up to an
individual?”
Tobacco is one of the most widely-used drugs of the world. Over a billion adults legally smoke tobacco every day.
Tobacco is slowing taking a billion people in the world towards doom. The long term health costs are high for
smokers, who suffer from various heart and lung diseases, reduced concentration and continually diminishing
immunity.
Non-smokers, accompanying smokers or those who are in their close vicinity, also become “Passive” smokers and bear the
toll of various inevitable diseases as they inhale the smoke which has an ill-effect on their respiratory systems. Thus, the
health costs are high—for smokers themselves, and for wider community in terms of health care costs and lost productivity.

There has been awareness among people from many years, about the ill-effects of smoking and various campaigns run by
the government, NGOs and local bodies to encourage people to quit smoking but the result have not been impressive. The
solution is to nip the problem in the bud. School authorities and parents should keep a close eye so that children don’t start
to smoke because they think it is “cool”. They should be made aware about the harmful effects of smoking.

Government could play a vital role too. Smoking should not be high-hand in advertisements and movie commercials which
have a huge impact on people. It could levy high taxes on tobacco products to keep people away from its reach. Rules for
checking children buying such products should be madestringent.

The onus to protect from such products also lie on individuals as will-power always does the trick. The knowledge of
importance of being healthy has to be realized from within. It goes a long way to check the problem. Thus, the solution
requires both legitimate action of Government and strong individual decisions to eliminate the problem.

Some people say that computers have made life easier and more convenient. Other people say that computers have
made life more complex and stressful. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support
your answer.
The computer has very high influence in showering the light over our future. It plays a pivotal role in leading towards the
pinnacle of success or to the abyss of darkness. It has tremendous effect on people’s mind and perspective.

To begin with, a variety of reasons can be offered to expound the convenience provided by computer. Nowadays computer
has become integral part of our life. It has acquired places in our life from washing clothes till surgery performed to save
people’s life. For example, many critical surgeries can easily be performed by the presence of computer.

In addition, computer is very helpful in architectural designing. An exemplary example is the sky high tower “Burz Khalifa”
in Dubai. It is a brilliant masterpiece, obtained by the use of computer. Buildings, movies and space crafts are the best
known significant examples of the development achieved by computer.

Furthermore, with the new inventions made by use of the computer has made our life much easier and feeds us to the
euphoria to perpetuate the virtuous cycle. We cannot disregard the convenience provided by the internet; it has brought
people of different sphere on the same platform.
To conclude, with shrew learning acumen and the power of computer one can reach to the zenith. Streamlined and
channelized use of the computer, harness the springboard of knowledge to explore the apex.

People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, or
to increase knowledge). Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to
support your answer.
Many people attend to university or college after their high school years for several reasons which they choose by them self.
I believe that the most common reason why people attend to university or collage to have new experiences on life , to
prepare for a career, and to increase their knowledge of their personality.
Firstly, many people attend to university or collage to have new experience in life. Many students leave their home and
move to live by them self when they go to university. This is the first time that they had to make a resolution on their own,
without their parents’ help. Making their own decisions will increase their knowledge of themselves. Moreover, students on
the university can meet different students from different nationalities and religions so students can learn about different
culture around the world.
Secondly, many people go to university or collage to prepare for a career. Career training is becoming more important
nowadays to young people compared to old people. At college, students learn many skills for their career and they intern to
internship with a lot of chances. All of these things prepare them for their career.

Also, students attend university or college to increase their self-knowledge of their personality on life. They attend for that
to increase their knowledge in subjects which they find interesting. For example, many students study science because they
are interest in science but they work on the business area.

To sum up, I think people should not only focus on a career when they go to university or college. They have to follow to
have new experience and knowledge about their personality and the great world around them which they live in.

Some people think that it is important to use leisure time for activities that develop the mind, such as reading and
doing crossword puzzles. Others feel that it is important to give one’s mind a rest in leisure time. Discuss.
As we are human we naturally need to rest on leisure time to recover the stress of work and everyday life. In fact, every
individual need to do what they want and belong to them. Personally, I prefer to be active during this time because it is
feeling right to me better. Moreover, people are free for what they do on their leisure time, and nobody can say what it is the
best.

Some people want to relax after their day of work. These people may prefer to relax by watching movies, reading or getting
a massage. People who have a physically jobs such as doctors, teachers and builders may choose these types of activities. If
you are a doctor, you may feel that you want to let your body rest after work and you don’t want to do a five kilometer run
after work, because you are already physically tired.
On the other hand, some people choose to be active in their leisure time because they do very sitting jobs. For example,
these people many spend all day sitting on a chair and do their work. At the end of a working day, they may be have a
backache, and all of their body become tired so they need to stretch their arms and improve their health by doing some
activity such as going to the gym or swimming.

To sum up, the important thing is that people want to stay healthy by choosing what is best for them. In my view, the wrong
way is to stay at home in your leisure time if you have a setting job.

SOME PEOPLE THINK THAT SCHOOLS SHOULD SELECT STUDENTS ACCORDING TO THEIR
ACADEMIC ABILITIES, WHILE OTHERS BELIEVE THAT IT IS BETTER TO HAVE STUDENTS WITH
DIFFERENT ABILITIES STUDYING TOGETHER. DISCUSS BOTH VIEWS AND STATE YOUR OWN
OPINION.

Some people contend that mixed ability classes are more beneficial for children’s development than streaming them on the
basis of judgement about their academic abilities. However, from my perspective, I disagree with this contention.
Admittedly, mixed ability classes provide a better environment for children’s all-round development. In such classes,
children with different abilities study together and in turn they can learn from one another. From example, a student, who is
good at academic study but weak in dancing or painting, can learn how to dance or paint form his peers. In this sense, mixed
ability classes allow students to develop their abilities in different subjects instead of only academic abilities.

Despite the argument above, I believe streaming students brings more benefits to teachers and students. As for teachers,
separating children with better academic abilities from others facilitates effective teaching. This practice helps teachers to
control their students more conveniently and easily. Compared with mixed ability in which teacher should consider students’
differences when they are using teaching methodologies, streaming makes this situation simpler. To be more specific,
students are at the same level of academic ability in a class, and in turn teachers can use the same methodologies for them
all. In this way, the narrower the spread of ability in the class, the more convenient the teaching can be.

On top of this, steaming enables students to learn in an effective way. According to students’ different abilities, they are
taught in different ways that are more suitable for them. In the top streams, students use more difficult materials, therefore,
they can learn more. In sharp contrast, teachers can explain the material more slowly to those in bottom streams. Under this
circumstance, students with different academic abilities can study effectively and efficiently.

In the final analysis, mixed ability classes are beneficial for students’ versatile development, but in my opinion, segregating
students based on different academic ability is better for both teachers and students.

IN MANY COUNTRIES CHILDREN ARE ENGAGED IN DIFFERENT KINDS OF PAID WORK. SOME
PEOPLE REGARD THIS AS COMPLETELY WRONG, WHILE OTHERS CONSIDER IT A VALUABLE WORK
EXPERIENCE, IMPORTANT FOR LEARNING AND TAKING RESPONSIBILITY. WHAT IS YOUR OPINION?
The issue of whether or not children should be engaged in some paid work has sparked a heated debate. While some argue
that having some employment experience is conducive to a child’s learning and development, I contend that it would bring
harm to the child’s heath and learning.

First of all, a workplace designed for adults is normally shortage of child-friendly facilities. Desks and chairs are too high
for a child; the light switches are installed on the walls unreachable by children; also emergency training and facilities such
as phones are only provided to adults. Furthermore, various hazards such as polluted air and chemical fumes are still
produced in factories and farms. Undoubtedly young people would suffer in such workplaces.

Also, children would find it frustrating when they are not properly inducted before starting a job. A child working in a
cement factory would feel a setback when he could not get immediate support while struggling with the procedures of
recording different raw materials that is required by the job. Further, without sufficient support, a child’s misunderstanding
or inappropriately communicating with adults would only disappoint him and prevents him from active learning and
interacting with other people.

To conclude, a child’s paid employment experience would lead to a negative impact on their health and active learning.
However, recognizing the importance of children’s learning and their awareness of responsibility, it is advisable to
encourage them to be involved in some volunteering opportunities where they can meaningfully learn and interact with
other people with sufficient care and support in place for such jobs.

WHAT IS MASS COMMUNICATIONS ? WHAT IS THE MEANS OF MASS COMMUNICATION MEANS OR

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF IT ?

A few centuries ago people knew only a few kinds of communication. They could speak to each other, they could send their
message from one place to another by smoke signals, they used mail. Later on, they also had some newspapers. The first
expansion of media was when the radio and television were invented. The second and the biggest boom started in 1960s
when the first communication satellite was launched into orbit.

There are 4 main means of mass communication: Newspapers, TV, Radio and the Internet. Today’s people take this as an
ordinary thing and we don’t realise that we nearly can’t live without it. Media are very important for us. They give us big
amount of information, so big that we can’t remember all that things. They help us to understand things and if you have lots
of information you are able to make your own decisions. This is connected with education and media are very good
teachers. They highly influence us. They can help other people – making charities… News aren’t always true, they are not
objective or says just half true.
Our world is very huge and sending a message from America to Asia a hundred years ago was nearly impossible or it took a
lot of time. Nowadays you can send the message in a few seconds and it is very simple. The media makes the world much
smaller – particularly the TV and the Internet. When you turn on the TV or a computer you can see whole world like it
would be in the next village. You can learn the culture and habits of other nationalities, you can see what they are doing
right now. The world is also called ‘the global community village’.

There are not only good things about media. Firstly there are always some information that are not true. We have to be
careful about it but when you listen to media for a long time you can find some companies which are nearly always true.
Secondly there is a danger of being influenced in the bad way (lot of pornography on the Internet, lot of action films in TV.
Thirdly – if you are a famous person the media very often take very big piece of your privacy.

Newspapers
Newspapers are the oldest kind of communication but we can say that they are today quite old-fashioned. They are not
flexible because when something happens you can’t read about it until the next day. You can read some newspapers on the
Internet too. Newspapers still have their own magic. People are weary of looking in a box and it is very nice to buy
newspapers, have a cup of coffee and a breakfast in the garden. Nobody is disturbing you. Everything is calm. It’s like
magic.
Radio
Radio is the second oldest kind of media. Although we nowadays have TV radio is still very popular. It has lots of
advantages:
– you can take it nearly where you want (very popular in a car)
– because it is mostly used for listening to music it is very good for relaxing – just to lie down and listen to it (watching TV
became tiring)
– it is very often used for a background sound; it can notify about events quicker than a TV
– at present the radio is very well developed so if you have a good receiver you are able to choose which kind of programs
you like to listen to (PTY)
– you can also notify people about traffic jams and other events but not is spoken way but in words (RDS)
There are also some disadvantages to a TV – you can’t see the ‘moving pictures’
TV
TV is maybe the most widespread media in cultivated countries. It is a media with the biggest strengths – it can influence us
very much because of its ‘moving pictures’. With coming of communication satellites you can choose from variety
programs (news, children’s programs, programs with lots of films…). They use lots of advertisements because they want to
earn money (if the channel is more popular they earn more money). Some people say that it is needless to have so much
adverts but I think that it is good because you can choose which product is the best for you. but it’s true that they sometimes
lie and many of them are absolutely stupid.
Internet

The Internet
Very huge, world-wide, very fast, lots of information – more than in TV, it costs a lot of money to have Internet today
because you have to pay the provider (he has the entrance to Internet) and you have to pay the telephone if you use modem,
hard link costs at least 10 000 crowns a month… But you can find there everything if you know how to find it.

DO TEACHERS PUNISH STUDENTS FOR LATE SUBMISSION OF ASSIGNMENTS IN UNIVERSITIES?

Even though you give students a deadline for submitting an assignment, some students will not turn in the assignment on
time. You’ve got to at least consider the late assignment for marking. But in what way, precisely, can you cope with it? Here
are a few ideas on how to deal with work which is handed up late.

Better have a policy for late working. It helps. Students should understand the fallout of submitting late work from the first
day they arrive in your class. Make a late work policy that states how you deal with work that isn’t handed in on time.
Distribute a copy to each student, and ensure that you follow this policy strictly.

Take into account the policies at your school. The first thing you need to consider when dealing with late work is the
protocol at your school. How is late work accepted by your administration? Do other teachers in your department agree on
an acceptable way for dealing with late work? You should adhere to these rules as much as possible when a late assignment
is handed in to you.
For each day the assignment is late, deduct a percentage. If you don’t have much guidance from your school when it comes
to dealing with late work, then stick with a standard idea such as deducting a grade or some percentage points from the
student’s mark – do this for each day over that the assignment is late. This means that for an assignment submitted 2 days
late, if the student would have received an A-, the grade would be dropped to a C- (2 grades). If students see this as a bad
result, next time they should be more keen to submit their work on time.

Collect all assignments, even if uncompleted, on the exact due date. Sometimes, it is not possible to accept late work. For
instance, maybe the school year is over. You must collect all assignments on the date it is due, regardless of its level of
completion. Even if the work is only half done, or not even begun, collect the work. Students should realize that they will be
marked on the due date on the assignment they have handed in.

Keep in mind extenuating reasons like illness or death. In every situation, there are always some considerations that have to
be made. In the event a student has a legitimate reason for not meeting assignment due dates you should make exceptions
based on your own opinion. You can give a student who is sick an extended deadline (never leave the date open, or allow a
student who just lost a loved one to have a few extra days to submit a project. If their work is late because of something that
they had no control over, there should not be a punishment. Keep these things in mind when are determining how you will
deal with late work.

DOES TELEVISION REMOVES OUR LONELINESS OR NOT?

Television is a source of entertainment and news. There is a TV-set in nearly every house, which is watched daily. People
are attracted by TV for many reasons: some watch movies and shows, others search for news and educational programs, still
others cannot imagine their leisure time without a TV-screen which is full of attractive programs. There is real life and there
is TV-life under influence of which viewers fall. Under the name of “Reality TV” viewers expect something as “real life on
TV”.

“Reality television is a genre of television programming which generally is unscripted, documenting actual events over
fiction, and featuring ‘ordinary’ people over professional actors.” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality¬_tv). Reality TV has
appeared following the creation of television broadcasting in the 1940s. Everything has started with such shows as “Candid
Camera” (1948). Reality TV programs are rapidly developing and gaining more and more popularity changing contents of
the programs according to time changes: participants become more opened to the viewers—which attracts constant interest
to reality shows. The most popular reality TV shows today are: “The Bachelor”, “Who Wants to Marry a Millionaire”,
“Survivor”. All over the world, on multiple TV-channels, millions of people are watching the products of reality TV. Reality
shows are covering most valuable aspects of life: family relationships, love, Money. Main purposes of those shows are
either fun, or competition amusement.

It is not difficult to produce a reality show – it is also less expensive and more profitable. The truth is that reality shows are
based on an improvisation by non-actors but according to a story, half-fiction set by creators. There is no 100% reality. The
goal of a producer is to make something more popular then before in order to attract more audience and continuous
popularity.

There are critics who judge reality TV, and their arguments are worth of attention. Contemporary reality shows are harmful
for what they teach the audience. There is an emotional abuse when certain participants fail to win, there is a psychological
trauma on the side of viewers when something happens not as they have expected. Physical beauty is presented to be more
important then cleverness and intelligence, feelings and emotions are controlled.

Everything that is created has a right to existence. It is obvious that realitu TV will continue it`s progress because it is
admired by the majority of viewers who live on the screen together with show participants, worrying and supporting them.
It is also frightening how reality TV affects culture, bringing fiction to real life. However, everybody has a right to choose
what is best for him or her, so, hopefully, reality shows are worth of their viewers, and vise versa. And let everybody create
their own life according to their own “realistic” vision of it
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CREDIT CARD? IS THE PEOPLE OF MIDDLE CLASS USE
MORE CREDIT CARD THAN OTHER PEOPLE?
Credit card is defined as “It is the combination of two words first is credit means The ability to obtain goods or services
before payment, based on the trust that payment will be made in the future and card is defined as A plastic card issued by a
bank, business, etc., for the purchase of goods or services on credit”. According to my views, I am partially agree with the
statement that middle-class people use credit card more than other people.

First of all, it is convenient for those people, who don’t want to carry cash, when someone is going for shopping. Another
benefit is sometime people of middle class have situation in which they have no money for buy grocery and pay bills, so
through credit card they can easily solve their problem. A person can do shopping and pay bills through it. Bank provide
card limit, which it set according to the person monthly income, he has to pay little amount of interest. Thirdly, it is the best
way to shopping online. we can watch internet goods and products cheaper than showroom prices and more variety on
internet. We can easily use credit card on internet by just answering some option very quickly. Fourthly, If someone go
abroad then he has no need to convert currency because when we go abroad if we want to do shopping, then we just have to
swap card, currency will adjusted automatically by system. So in these ways credit card is very beneficial for middle-class
person.

On other hand, we can say that some people use credit card for shopping, for their useless name and fame. Secondly, some
people of middle class have less income as compared to other persons in their economy, so just for maintaining their
standard and their show off they use credit cards. So they also have to pay interest which is useless. Another one is, if a
person is not able to refund bank money in proper time, then he will come in black list of bank. Then he will not able to get
help from bank like home loan, car loan etcetera from bank. This whole problem occurs only for raising their standard.
Thirdly, when a rich person use credit card,(who has too much income) he has no worries about paying interest but middle
class people are not able to do the same. Fourthly, interest of credit card is very high, which is not affordable to pay by a
normal person of middle class. So it can also become burden.

In the nutshell, I would like to say that in 21st century credit card is very good facility for every person. But everyone must
have to use it according to their family income and condition. We must not forget that a credit card demands to be used
carefully, like most modern devices is neither good or nor bad like most modern devices

Humanities
study helps you understand the impact that science, technology, and medicine has had on society and understand the future
scientific needs of society.
The study of literature, history, and philosophy shed light on the influence science has had on the quality of people’s lives
and on the shaping of society, both positively and negatively. These studies also inform us of society’s needs and are
important considerations for the concerned scientist to appreciate and learn from, including the consideration in where he or
she chooses to work and what projects they undertake.Students can benefit from advice on which courses to take.

Without the benefit of experience or advice, students choosing courses in an abstract manner can make poor decisions. In
many instances, students do not know the value of a particular course until after they’ve taken it. In this environment, it’s
difficult for the undergraduate to determine the desirability of taking courses in the humanities — or which and how many
to take. I would offer the following reasons why students pursuing science careers should augment their education with a
strong foundation in the humanities.

First of all The humanities prepare you to fulfill your civic and cultural responsibilities.The humanities provide an insightful
understanding into moral, ethical, political, and ideological forces. A successful society depends upon charity, civility,
compassion, and generosity, and the humanities evaluate and emphasize the importance of these characteristics.they are key
to a full and meaningful life.in addition to it Studying the humanities allows you to become familiar with and use the
creative ideas from great minds outside of science.Biography, literature, and history offer a window into the understanding
of human nature and society. They introduce us to thoughts and ideas from outside our specialist areas and can have
relevance to finding new directions and enhance creative thinking.

The study of Humanities strengthens your ability to communicate and work with others.You will also gain knowledge of
foreign languages and foreign cultures.With globalization, this is increasingly seen as a requirement for a successful career
in commerce and industry. It is also helpful in science and medicine. Humanities study helps you understand the impact that
science, technology, and medicine has had on society and understand the future scientific needs of society.
we can said that science deals with facts and the humanities deals with values, in summary, I believe is the most compelling
reason why the knowledge of values gained through the study of the humanities is important to you as a scientist.