Complete Blood Count Examination

By:Muhammad Danyal Hayat and

Hamza Sarwar
Why CBC is performed?
CBC test is performed to evaluate certain blood
disorders,anemias,infections and leukemias.By knowing
normal and abnormal ranges,we can diagnose disorders
and diseases.
So,here is the list of cbc components,their normal
ranges,units,functions and abnormalities related to
abnormal values.
 Haemoglobin:
Function:it carries oxygen from lungs to tissues and transports CO2
and hydrogen ions back to lungs.

Normal Values:
Male:135.0 - 175.0

Female:115.0-155.0

Unit: g/L
High Hb:it is due to polycythemia vera
Dec.Hb: due to anemia

 Red Blood Cell:

Function:have hb which carry oxygen
It removes CO2 from body,transports to lungs to exhale

Normal Values: (x10*12/L)

Male:4.5-6.5

Female:3.9-5.6

Unit: (x10*12/L)
High rbc:Polycythemia vera,kidney tumors
Low rbc:Anemia,Erythropoeitin deficiency

 White blood cell:

Function:they protect body against infectious diseases and foreign
invaders

Normal Values:4.0-11.0
Units: (x10*9/L)
High wbc:bacterial infections
Low wbc:due to chemotherapy and viral infections
 Neutrophils:
Function:they are first cell to migrate to the site of infection to kill
invading microbes

Normal Values:1.8-7.5
Units: (x10*9/L)
High: Acute inflammation,leukemia,emotional stress & infection
Low:due to chemotherapy and low immune system
 Lymphocytes:
Function: they recognize antigen,produce antibodies & destroy cells
that cause damage

Normal Values: 1.5-3.5

Units: (x10*9/L)
High:Viral infections and after infections
Low:Undernutrition and AIDS

 Monocytes:
Function:when certain germs enter,they quickly rush to the site of
attack

Normal Values: 0.2-0.8

Units: (x10*9/L)
High: Chronic infection,blood disorders and cancer
Low: Bloodstream infection and bone marrow disorder
 Eosinophils:
Function:they are implecated in numerous inflammatory processes
specially allergic disorders

Normal Values:0.04-0.44
Units: (x10*9/L)
High:Parasitic infection,allergic reaction
Low:Bone marrow disorder(not too much medically important)

 Basophils:
Function:they contain anticoagulant Heparin,which prevents blood
from clotting to quickly.They contain histamin which promote blood
flow to tissues as vasodilator.

Normal Values:0.01-0.1
Units: (x10*9/L)
High:Overactive Thyroid gland,chronic inflammation,severe allergy
Low:hypersensitivity,thyrotoxicosis

 Platelets:
Function:it prevents bleeding
Normal Values:150-400
Units: (x10*9/L)
High: problem with blood forming cells
Low:Spontaneous bleeding,petechie

 Haematocrit(PCV,HCT)
volume of blood that is known as PCV

Normal Values:
Male:40-52

Female:36-48

Units: %
High:Dehydration,polycythemia vera
Low:Anemia,bleeding,trauma,ulcer

 Mean Corpuscular Volume(MCV):

It is average volume of red cells

Normal Values:80-95
Units: fL
High:Alcoholism,Vit.B12,folicacid deficiency
Low:Iron deficiency,GIT Bleeding

 Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin(MCH)

it is average mass of Hb per rbc

Normal Values:27-34
Units: pg
High: Macrocytic Anemia,Folic acid deficiency
Low:Microcytic Anemia,Nutritional deficiency

 Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin

Concentration(MCHC)
Measure of average concentration of Hb inside a single rbc

Normal Values:30-34
Units: g/dL
High:Microcytic anemia,
Low:Macrocytic anemia
 Red Cell Distribution Width(RDW-CV):
it is measure of range of variation of rbc volume

Normal Values:12-15
Units:%
High:Nutritional deficiency
Low:Macrocytic anemia
 RDW-SD have a unit of fLand its normal value is from 48-54
 Mean Platelet Volume(MPV):
It measures average size of platelets

Normal Values: 8-10

Units: fL
High:Bone marrow rapidly producing platelets
Low:Aplastic anemia
 Platelet distribution width (PDW):
it is size & variation of platelets

 PCT:
volume occupied by platelet in blood as percentage

Unit: %
 Serum Iron:
Measure amount of circulating iron that bound transferrin (90%) and
serum ferritin (10%)

Normal Values: 10-30

Unit:micromol/L
High:hemolytic anemia
Low:low diet iron
 Total iron-binding capacity:
Blood test to see if you have too much or too little iron in blood

Normal Values:40-75
Unit :micromol/L
High:high level of iron in blood,pregnancy,oral contraceptives
Low:inflammation and liver diseases
 Serum ferritin:
It tells how much your body iron stores.

Normal value:
Male: 40-340
Female: 14-150
Unit: microgram/l
High: high intake of iron.
Low:iron deficiency anemia.
 Serum vitamin b12;
It play essential role in production of rbc and DNA.

Normal value: 160-925

Unit: ng/l
High:liver chirosis, myloproliferative diseases.
Low:pernicious anemia,overactive thyroid.
 Serum folate;
Normal value: 3.0-15.0
Unit: microgram/L
High: neurological symptoms.
Low: megaloblastic anemia.

Thankyou 