Testing for diff Step 1:

Calculate the difference between each

One sample​ sign​ test measurement and the expected value E ​(in
Whether sample ​median​ of a measurement this case 3)
from a single population is different from an
expected value (designated as “E”) -2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-1-1-​0000000000000​ 1 1 1 1
Question:
Are my results/observations different from Step 2:
an expected value/known standard? Rank the absolute values of the differences
and give the original (+ / - ) signs after
Null Hypothesis:
H0: the sample median of the population is 1st to 18th place with [1] will all get a rank of
the same with the expected value (“E”) 9.5 (median)
+1 = +9.5
The book explores one sample sign test as -1 = -9.5
derived from the Wilcoxon t statistic: 19th to 26th place with [2] will get a rank of
- Looks into “differences table” 22.5 (median)
+2 = +22.5
This is different from the usual “S” statistic -2 = -22.5

d= difference between each measurement Step 3:

and the expected value E Compute the sum of both positive (T+) and
negative (T-) ranks, based on original signs
R-studio = wilcox.test

Ex. Test statistic

Students gave a verdict on the merits of a Unlike the usual:
course by answering a question in a survey. H0 is rejected when the smaller T value is
Did the course score significantly lower than lower than or equal to the critical value
3? Example statement:
The observed median satisfaction scores of
Scoring system total student number student (x = 2) was significantly lower than
1 useless 8 the expected value of 3 ( T 25 = 38, p <
2 14 0.0005)
3 reasonable 13
4 4 “25” represents degrees of freedom,
5 excellent 0 computed as n-1 but not including
observations that are same as E

1. Lay out all the numbers

2. Subtract 3 from Each data value.
3. Ignore all zeroes.
Two-sample ​sign​ t-test Paired T-test
-median is taken into consideration
Wilcoxon matched ​paired t​ test
Manh whitney​ u​ test
- 2 independent measurements
compared with one another
H0: the two groups have the same median

Visualization
Boxplot: are good representations of the
median

Ex: Traps to collect beetles were laid out in

two fields: arable crop and permanent
pasture.These were changed after a week.
Will the number of beetles differ?

-ends may differ-

No. of beetles in field 1
8 12 15 21 25 44 44 60

Field 2
2 4 5 9 12 17 19
SUMMARY
Step 1: rank them One sample sign test:
*if a number appears twice, you take the dF = N-1-(n samples to E)
median and assign them to the same Mann Whitney U test:
number dF = (smaller n) - 1
Wilcoxon matched pairs test
Step 2: take the sum separately of di ko na dF = N - (n samples with d=0)
alam
Test Statistic < critical value

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hart.html