Introduction to fungi

Classificstion
of Fungi

3.Pseudo- 5.Pneumoc
1.Mould/fil 4.Dimorphi
2.Yeast yeasts/ ystis
amentous c fungi
yeast-like jiroveci
fungi (carinii)

ex. Crytococcus Dimorhic

multicellular, ex. candida
neoformans fungi =
spores,hyphae. mould at
30 C yeast
at 37C

ex.Aspergillus,
dermatophytes
ex.Histoplasma
, Sporothrix
Fungal pathogenicity

• 1.Superficial : Dermatophytes
• 2.Subcutaneous : Sporotrichosis
1.Infection • 3.Systemic : Crytococcal meningitis

• 1.Aspergillus - induce asthma

• 2.Broncho- pulmonary aspergillosis
2.Hypersensitivity

• ex. wild mushrooms

3.Toxins
OVERVIEW ON FUNGAL INFECTION

Fungal infection

SUPERFICIAL
SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES
limited to outermost layers SYSTEMIC FUNGAL
involves deeper layer of INFECTION
of the skin, hair nails &
dermis
mucosa

2.Dermatophytosis 1.Cryptococcus 2.Histoplasma

1.Pityriasis versicolor
(tinea / Ringworm)
3.Candidiasis 1.Sporotrichosis
neoformans capsulatum

-yeast -dimorphic yeast

-By Malassezia furfur -by dermatophyte fungi -dimorphic fungus
-@soil,avian -@north america
-itchy pale brown/pink -acquired frm other -by Sporothrix faeces,rotting @soil
macules @neck, trunk humans/animals/soil schenckii vegetation
-cause TB like respi
-meningitis in infection
immunosuppresed
-asymptomatic
patients
infection-fungus lives
intracellular in
Tx: 1. Topical :azoles, macrophages
Tx:1.oral terbinafine
Selenium sulfides. Tx:1.Itraconazole
2.oral azoles: Fluconazole, 2.Topical keratolytic
agents
2.AMphotericin B Dx:- antigen
Itraconazole
detection
blood&CSF
-culture CSF,blood
Common fungi and their infections
Common
fungi
infection
-normal flora:mouth,intestine,lower
genital tract
Mould,@soil,air,decompost,plants 3.Pneumocy Opportunistic lung
-superfical & systemic infection
1.Candida 2.Aspergillus stis (carinni) infection in
,dust,food,hospital ,spores,allergy
jiroveci immunosuppressed
patients

1.Allergic 1.Pneumocy
1.Candida 2.Mucosal 3.Invasive
Broncho 3.Invasive stis
skin Candida Candida 2.Aspergilloma
pulmonary Aspergillosis pneumonia
infection infection infection
aspergillosis (PCP)

-erythema --fever Dx
-discrete - -Damaged lung -at lung
lesion white patches -multi site hypersensitivity -CXR/ High-
colonisation (TB, CF, COPD) --destructive
-warm, moist on mucosal reaction/allergy growth at lung resolution CT
area surface ( oral, -no response to -Asymptomati, tissue thorax :
-Asthma, CF
vagina, broad- spectrum chonic cough Ground glass
-red ,itchy antibiotics -Eosinophilia, -invasion of
oesophageal) -haemoptysis blood vessels infiltrates
rash high IgE
-Bronchospasm -dissemination -
obstruction to other sites Bronchoalveol
DX Dx: -poor prognosis ar lavage :
Tx: Tx: -Wheeze,cough,
-Microscopy: fever Grocott
-topical: budding yeast, -Sputum + staining , PCR
-topical/oral
Clotrimazole antifungal gram +ve, germ -antibodies +
-Oral: tube test
-CXR/CT
Fluconazole -culture: grow Tx: Thorax: Fluid
aerobically on
blood -steroid +/- filled cavity
itraconazole
TX:
-Surgery
-X antifungal