Annotated Bibliography 1

Annotated Bibliography
Jose Garcia-Guerrero

Writing 010
Dr. Tessa McIntire
July 27, 2019
Annotated Bibliography 2

Alderete, E., Vega, W. A., Kolody, B., & Aguilar-Gaxiola, S. (2000). Lifetime Prevalence of and
Risk Factors for Psychiatric Disorders Among Mexican Migrant Farmworkers in
California. American Journal of Public Health, 90(4), 608–614.

The study, which was conducted by Alderete attempted to find the prevalence of risk
factors for numerous psychiatric disorders among Mexican migrant farmworkers working in
Fresno County, California. The source then used the methodologies of gathering a cluster sample
to best gather information in regards to the working sample. From this they found
sociodemographic and acculturation factors on lifetime psychiatric disorders. The research was
designed to conclude that lifetime prevalence of any psychiatric disorder was lower for migrants
than for Mexican Americans and for the US population as a whole. The source then found
motivation in bringing the awareness by using statistical data and proposing with included
interviews to suggest “the need for culturally appropriate mental health services.” Since the study
underscored the risk posed by cultural adjustment problems, the researchers then used pathos
knowingly to steer the emotion toward the needed awareness, which was done by explaining if
the study was not conducted than the potential for progressive deterioration of this population's
mental health would never come to light.

The source had great relevance to my research and as well shined a light on all potential
risks of working in the fields. The source, was a study conducted to find the lifetime prevalence
and risk factors for psychiatric disorders among Mexican migrant farm workers in Fresno. The
study brought on to me the psychological risks which adds more to me than just naming the
physical risks,which I was focusing throughout my research. This source was ultimately
beneficial as it opened my mind and enacted me to widen my search to develop a stronger case. I
found the journal to be credible as a published source for information. The source was really a
supporting structure in listing the potential hazards which undoubtedly encourages me the need
to search for possible solutions.
Annotated Bibliography 3

B. Nikaido, Personal Communication UCSF Fresno, Date Pending

UCSF Fresno is a school who has a mobile health clinic. The mobile clinic consist of
medical students and physicians working with underserved groups of the valley. Brandy Nikaido
is the Media Contact for UCSF Fresno. My goal was to contact Brandy Nikaido and inquire
about solutions with migrant workers’ health priority. I noticed that many migrant workers do
not concern themselves with going to medical providers and if so they are more than hesitant. I
asked a few questions to see what has been done in respect to getting appropriate healthcare for
migrant workers. I will utilize my source and find it really important to fully understand the
perspective of the mobile clinic. The mobile clinic will greatly add to my knowledge since I
know so much about migrant workers but a mobile health clinic are actually interacting with
migrant workers and honestly the truth is they are a great source to include in my work. This
source would then be credible through the resources university title and they have the actual
work to back up their work. I recently sent an email and am still waiting for a response.
Annotated Bibliography 4

FOLEY, N. (2013). Consuming Mexican Labor: From the Bracero Program to NAFTA. Pacific
Historical Review, 82(1), 135–137.

Foley addressed the timeline of migrant workers of latin descent in the California
agricultural fields. This outline had great relevance as it displayed throughout the years the
legislations passed and impacts on the health of many workers. Foley discussed what has been
done to benefit many workers lives but although much has been done there is still a current
problem focused on the health. Foley used many qualitative data and had great backing in the
history of migrant workers. The motivation was solely based on what else could be done which
was states in a foreshadowing statement stating “In the future years to come more legislations
will be passed to ensure safety and the continuing wellness of others.” Meaning that there is a
need for more awareness, better healthcare, and a better legal (citizenship) system in regards to
laborers which could lead them to seek healthcare providers.
Annotated Bibliography 5

Guidi, R., & Roberto. (2018). Farmworkers face illness and death in the fields. High Country
News.

Farmworkers face illness and death in the fields, is an article written by Ruxandra Guidi
which wanted to highlight the many conditions workers face through personal testimonials.
Reading the title itself the authors intended to use a scare tactic which brings the attention of
readers once seeing the word “death.” The source covered many personal stories of workers and
interviewed while in the same conditions the workers were in. The main point was established by
asking if the protocols to keep migrant workers safe and healthy were actually being followed.
The article wanted to examine the working condition and the whole hierarchy from the owner all
the way down to the workers. They proceeded with an extensive interview to see what has been
done and what could be done better. Guidi was astonished of practices and revolved the latter
part of the article to reflect the changes and how many filed managers are not minimizing the
problems of the hazards but are now stating “If you’re not feeling well, or with enough strength,
please stop working. I’d rather you do that than have to deliver the bad news to your family.”
The article closed with a powerful and positive message which is a great way to close after
bringing all the risks to light and how with more help most workers will be allowed to remain in
a healthy setting at work.

High Country News created a great source for me to use as I wanted to understand at an
indularial level why sometimes the machinery of growers is taken better care of than the lives of
farm workers. The truth I was surprised to learn that the majority of the time most field owners
are focused on production rather than sustaining safe conditions that are more than the required
measures. The source itself I felt was probably not the best to use in my research although they
presented many stories they were biased to convince a point. I then would like to include the
website as a supporting role by putting a name and face when I present actual statistical data in
regards to how many die or face illnesses while working in the fields.
Annotated Bibliography 6

J. Garcia, Personal Communication, July 27, 2019

Jose Garcia is a 42 year old with 3 kids. Mr. Garcia has an interesting story and wanted as
well to publicize the health priority of a migrant worker. I asked questions in respect to why Mr.
Garcia does not seek a health care physician. My questions were direct but I asked preliminary
questions I wanted to lead and end with open ended answers to have a full conversation with my
interviewee. I wanted to approach this with an analysis of research and background information
on potential risks, Mr. Garcia was surprised with the information and this is how I wanted him to
think, when I would later ask questions about why he doesn’t seek additional healthcare. It was
interesting hearing the reasons for why Mr. Garcia was not going to seek health care, it then
summarized to be on the basis of fear. The contribution to my work was crucial in identifying the
voices of why my research was important and why there should be an improvement.

An interview was a strong and impactful structure to my research. I take full pride in
personalizing my research and would create a pathos approach to my research. I knew that the
relevance and utility of the source within my work would be crucial in attempting to create the
voice of my research. This source is important as it adds to my knowledge of the personal stories
of actual migrant workers. The personal interview supports my other sources and as well it
personalizes what every source has already stated. For example, one of my sources included
reasons why many people didn’t seek help and with the interview it supported the credible work
of the journal. The source itself was credible but research shows there is always answer bias
when answering personal questions which is why I avoided asking leading questions. I ultimately
was nervous in interviewing but felt at the end being in the mindset that this could better the
world would actually calm me down and kept me asking the questions.
Annotated Bibliography 7

J. Marquez, Personal Communication, July 28, 2019

Another interview that consisted of similar questions as a previous interview,

nevertheless, in this interview I was a bit more focused on the hazards that are there while
working in the agricultural fields. The interviewee Juan was keen on explaining what was told to
him in the beginning to watch out for and how over time he learned preventative measures to
maintain his safety against risks. Juan was enforced that one is not always entirely aware of the
risks but identify them as they continue. A scorching sun and among other things became of
great significance while working in the agricultural fields. The interview itself managed to
behold personal stories which included snake bites, this was great in providing personal stories to
fully capture the image that agricultural fields are not the most entirely safe in regards to health.

In addition, I was focused on the personal stories of hazards and as well health priority. I
became entirely grateful that the interviewee was honest in sharing the story and answering
questions which could be difficult for some to share. The interview was important in sharing the
story of relevance to support the task in my research of identifying the struggles and then finding
the solutions. I was astonished in adding to my knowledge since that I understood basic safety
measures but there was much more that I never knew you had to worry about. This was a great
supporting source to why it was important to include so in needing of a soliton. I found this
interview to be credible but with every source that is based off by word of mouth you find that
there is exaggeration and not always full truths. In closing this was a great experience and I
learned so much throughout the process.
Annotated Bibliography 8

Loganathan, T., Deng Rui, C. N., & Pocock, N. S. (2019). Breaking down the barriers:
Understanding migrant workers' access to healthcare in Malaysia.

The authors explored the Malaysian healthcare system in respect to access with
undocumented workers. The researchers wanted to understand and indefiy any differneces to the
health care access betewen document and undocumented workers. The journal were urged in
observing the policies set in place focusing on the health of migrant workers. They present their
findings and presented with no actual biases which demonstrated that the journal would not be
favoring one side or another, but lets the audience see the compiled work for what it is. The
journal was then keen on defining a migrant worker to set a clear precedent on what they were
specifically trying to research. The researchers then brought to light the ethics as they assured
their participants full anonymity. The results were then comprised of the reasons why Malaysian
migrant workers were not seeking additional care into categorical tables including the personal
statements and data used with each reason. The message was then presented clearer as the
researchers kept their work organized and set it up chronologically and in a problem solution
style rather than cause and effect. Meaning the researcher highlighted the problems and offered
solutions while not just stating the effects of what happens when a problem is encountered.

Although Malaysia and Central California are thousand miles away I wanted to explore
similar situations that Central California is facing with alike with other countries. Malaysia is a
country in the Asian continent and has had a healthcare issue with undovument workers in my
focus, attempting to find what the counare finding possible solutions to maintain a healthy
setting for all workers. The relevance of this journal is to spark my solution proposal to inspiring
realistic plans to be designed and carried out in closing the gap between undocmenet workers
going to see a healthcare provider. I found the source to be credible as they not only had
testimonials but actual data to aid in their proposal of why it is a bigger issue and needs a
solution.
Annotated Bibliography 9

N. (2019). Health Care for Migratory and Seasonal Agricultural Workers. The National
Association of Community Health Centers.

The website was designed to summarize and create a health care for seasonal workers.
The founders were encouraged and discussed thoroughly once they found out the real numbers of
seaniola workers going to see a health provider when needed. Astonished the founders than
decided to “collectively to develop more effective strategies to increase access to care for
migrant and seasonal agricultural workers and their families over the next five years.” The
motivation was clear and the website shared the goal of reaching 2 million migrant and seasonal
agricultural workers with access to a healthcare provider. The method was then shared equally to
understand the midst of migrant workers and the government mindset, this was in order to find a
resolution which would favor the migrant workers and be something which could be
incorporated into law.
Annotated Bibliography 10

Newton, D. E. (2013). Migrant Farm workers. In Gale (Ed.), The Gale encyclopedia of public
health. Farmington, MI: Gale.

Newton expressed many concerns throughout the definition of migrant workers and dove
deep in understanding the topic of migrant workers. Newton explored and examined the rich
history of migrant workers by getting past records and statistical data to support the claim which
is an example of logos. The source then entailed a brief summary of migrant workers in America,
specifically in California. The major conflict in the writing was then arose by Newton using a
series of rhetorical questions and using his sense in which way people should be combating the
public health of migrant workers. The motivation which was key in the source was identified by
the use of statistical data which showed many workers' health deteriorating over time whilst
living and working in the US. In the end Newton wanted awareness to be a major role in his
work as it developed, suggesting the importance of health awareness of the potential hazards by
working in the fields. Through the source I was able to have a greater understanding of migrant
workers which is a grand focus in my research of the health of migrant workers.
Annotated Bibliography 11

Young, M.-E., Pebley, A., Young, M.-E. D. T., & Pebley, A. R. (2017). Legal Status, Time in
the
USA, and the Well-Being of Latinos in Los Angeles. Journal of Urban Health, 94(6),
764–775.
Young and Plebeley discussed why undocumented Latino immigrants may have poorer
health because of barriers to health care, stressors, and detrimental effects of immigration
enforcement. They sourced many previous immigrant health research. The aim of their study was
to examine the extent to which physical and mental health differed by legal status and duration in
the USA for the Latino population in Los Angeles County, California. The researchers had
various Latino respondents to conduct a survey, and examined the results measured through
blood pressure collected by trained interviewers. They reported their legal status, time in the
USA, and other sociodemographic characteristics. Regression models were used to test
associations in regards to legal status and the duration in the US all to the respect of the worker’s
health. They then used many personal anecdotes and shared stories, to further their point and
how they wanted to educate the audience. The findings suggested that they wanted to inversigate
"health advantage" generally presumed to exist among immigrants may not affect undocumented
immigrants
Annotated Bibliography 12

Synthesis

All the articles contain insightful information revolving around a grand central concept.
The central concept was portraying their ideas and having them understood by their intended
audience, using a key factor of knowledge, awareness and emphasizing a need for improvement.
The articles and essays reflected well in the research on how knowledge is a key to many doors.
The doors would then open through many areas as in hazards, health priority, and solutions.
Throughout the articles I was reading, I observed how many of the authors, researchers, and
interviewees described personal stories and the continuous diligence to learn and in result have
their work be able to reach across to others. The journals displayed many times through their
different perspectives of the central topic with many examples and different sets of information.
Most works addressed the problem and safety hazards in working in the fields. Secondly, I then
had works that reiterated reasonings for why the problem continues such as when fear of legal
status is the reason for why many don’t seek help. Lastly, I included works which provided a
brief history of what solutions have been placed and how it has impacted the lives here in Central
California and in other countries.
The common path then led me to identify the possible solutions to successfully conduct
my research. The direction I would then focus on is surely in continuing providing world
awareness and enacting the solutions to benefit the lives of many. I would then still have to
answer the following question of how I could write toward an audience at a government level
and create the change necessary for actual laws which can be proposed to further impact the lives
of workers.
I then enjoyed the fact that most of the sources incorporated the idea of using real-world
examples. From the beginning of my research I imagined my research having a personal
perspective which I would do by having actual anecdotes from real people. Interviewing people
was then crucial in finding the “personal” edge I was looking for, it would provide a
relatableness to more people and impact an audience stronger than just numbers and facts. My
research would then draw more attention if an audience viewed real people when reading my
work and could picture the path of relentless hard work for many workers. I wanted my research
to be of huge importance and be useful in creating the necessary awareness to grasp attention to
the problem that many workers's health is deteriorating and a change is needed.

In closing, I enjoyed finding so many well researched sources through databases, it gave
me a realization that there is a continuous issue which has been for generation in regards to
migrant workers and their health. Through my research I learned the need to refine and make a
common search in order to hit all areas, the reasoning being that I would find interesting articles
published but they were sometimes difficult to connect to the common topic or was not strong
enough to actually support my research. For example a survey which is self reported is not
always the best way to retain information from anonymous folks, although it was really
Annotated Bibliography 13

important and favored heavily to my purpose, I could not use it as I felt it was not the most
credible since there could have been a high chance of response bias.
In closing, all my sources contributed in expanding my knowledge of the different areas
which my research is focused on including: hazards, personal health priority, healthcare system,
and awareness. I then learned how some of my sources could not be used based on credibility or
felt as if they could not have been such a strong addition in my research. At the end my direction
in my research focus changed as in I wanted to expand and understand more to the problem of
why migrant worker’s health is deteriorating over time.