Wad111 Lesson 1 HTML Introduction

LESSON 1 HTML INTRODUCTION
HTML Definition
o It is a language for describing web pages.
o HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.
o HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language.
o A markup language is a set of markup tags.
o HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages.
o Hypertext means text stored in electronic form with cross- reference links between pages.
HTML Tags
o HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags.
o HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html>.
o HTML tags normally come in pairs like and 
o The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag.
o The start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags.
HTML Document
o HTML Document is also called webpage
o HTML documents describe web pages
o HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
o HTML documents are also called web pages
Web Browser
o It is a computer program that interprets HTML commands to collect, arranges and displays the parts of
a web page.
o The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages.
o The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page.
List of Web browsers
o Internet Explorer
o Mozilla Firefox
o Netscape Navigator
o Opera Mini
o Safari
o Google Chrome
Web Page
o It is a document or information resource that is suitable for the World Wide Web and can be accessed
through a web browser and displayed on a monitor.
1
Editing HTML
o We will use a plain text editor (like Notepad) to edit HTML.

o However, professional web developers often prefer HTML editors like FrontPage or Dreamweaver,
instead of writing plain text.
.htm or .html File Extension?
o When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html file extension.
o We use .htm in our examples. It is a habit from the past, when the software only allowed three letters in
file extensions.
o It is perfectly to use .html
HTML Element Syntax
o HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag.

o HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag.
o The element content is everything between the start and the end tag.
o Some HTML elements have empty content.
o Empty elements are closed in the start tag.
o Most HTML elements can have attributes.
Nested HTML Elements

o Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements).
o HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.
Empty HTML Elements
o HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.

o Empty elements can be closed in the start tag.
o is an empty element without a closing tag (the tag defines a line break).
o Adding a slash to the start tag, like , is the proper way of closing empty elements
o Even if works in all browsers, writing instead is more future proof.
HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags
o HTML tags are not case sensitive: means the same as . Many web sites use uppercase HTML
tags.
HTML Attributes
o HTML elements can have attributes.

o Attributes provide additional information about an element.
o Attributes are always specified in the start tag.
o Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value".
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Additional Information
o Cascading Style Sheets- It is used to define the appearance and layout of text and other material.
o JavaScript- It is a scripting language that is widely used to give functionality to web pages.
o The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) - it is the main International Standards Organization for
the World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or W3).
o Founded by Tim Berners-Lee
http://www.google.com/philippines/sample.html
Parts of URL (Uniform Resource Locator / Address)
o HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - A protocol

o WWW – World Wide Web - A Machine / System / Browser
o google.com – Domain Name
o Philippines – Folder in a web server
o sample – Filename
o .html – File extension
Kinds of Tags
1. Paired Tags - It consists of a start tag and end tag.
2. Empty Tags - These are tags that do not require an end tag.
Attributes - These are additional information used to modify and enhance an element and are always placed
within the start tag of an element. The structure of the HTML document follow the "first in, last out" rule, which
means that the first tag used in the document should also be the last tag to be closed in the document.

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LESSON 1 HTML INTRODUCTION

List of Web browsers

o We will use a plain text editor (like Notepad) to edit HTML.

.htm or .html File Extension?

HTML Element Syntax

o HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag.

Nested HTML Elements

Empty HTML Elements

o HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags

o HTML elements can have attributes.

Parts of URL (Uniform Resource Locator / Address)

o HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - A protocol

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