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Chapter 11: Current Electricity

11 Current Electricity

100 10 2. The resistances of bulbs B1, B2 and B3

1. Current I = = A
( 200 + 20 ) 22 respectively are
( 200 ) = 500 Ω
2
∴ Potential drop across 200 Ω resistor, V2
R1 = =
10 1000 W1 80
V= × 200 = V
( 200 )
2
22 11
R2 = = 1000 Ω = R3
40
200 Ω Voltage across B3, V3 = 200 V
Voltage across B1,
I VR 1 200 × 500
V1 = = = 66.67 V
( R1 + R 2 ) ( 500 + 1000 )
100 V, 20 Ω
Voltage across B2, V2 = 200 − 66.67
When a voltmeter of resistance 3600 Ω is = 133.33 V
connected across the 200 Ω resistor, the V2 (66.67) 2
effective resistance R is given by, Power output of B1, W1 = 1 =
R1 500
3600 Ω
V = 8.87 W
V2 2 (133.33) 2
Power output of B2, W2 = =
R2 1000
200 Ω
= 17.78 W
V (200) 2
2
Power output of B3, W3 = = = 40 W
R 3 1000
100 V, 20 Ω Hence W1 < W2 < W3.
1 1 1 3600 3. Rt = R0 (1 + α t).
= + ⇒R= Ω
R 3600 200 19 ∴ R10 = R0 (1 + α 10)
The current in the circuit becomes and R400 = R0 (1 + α 400) ….(ii)
100 95 Dividing (ii) by (i)
I′ = = A
 3600  199 R 400 R 0 (1 + 400 α )
 + 20  =
 19  R10 R 0 (1 + 10 α )
The potential drop becomes 60 1 + 400 α
95 3600 18,000 =
V′ = × = V 20 1 + 10 α
199 19 199 ⇒ 3 + 30α = 1 + 400 α
1000 18000
Difference, V − V′ = − 2
11 199 ∴ α= /°C ….(iii)
370
1000 Let the required temperature be T then,
= V
2189 RT R (1 + α T )
V − V′ = 0
% decrease = R10 R 0 (1 + α10 )
V
1000 11 40 1+ αT
= × × 100 ≈ 0.5% =
2189 1000 20 1 + 10 α

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Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XI : Triumph Physics

∴ 1 + αT = 2 + 20 α 8. In absence of electric field, the free electrons

1 move randomly in the conductor, so their drift
∴ T − 20 = velocity is zero and there is no current in the
α
conductor. In the presence of electric field,
370
∴ T= + 20 = 205 °C each electron in the conductor experiences a
2 force in a direction opposite to the electric
4. The voltage available from 6 standard torch field. Now the free electrons are accelerated
cells each of 2 V = 6 × 2 = 12 V. from negative end to the positive end of the
The emf of the lead-acid battery = 12 V. conductor and hence a current starts to flow
The car battery can supply a higher current the conductor.
compared to torch cells of the same voltage
9. Ohm’s law is applicable to metals and not to
because the internal resistance of the
diodes, electrolytes and semiconductors.
combination of the torch cells is high and
hence, the current is less. 10. E r1 E r2
V 2.5 1
5. R= = = Ω
I 10 4
I I
l
Resistance R = ρ R
A
RA 1 × 2 × 10−6
∴ ρ= = = 8.33 × 10−7 Ω m E+E
l 4 × 0.6 Current, I =
r1 + r2 + R
6. Wire of length (2π × 0.2) m of 15 Ω/m is bent
to a circle. 2E
= ….(i)
r1 + r2 + R
A B Potential difference across the first cell,
V1 = E − Ir1
This condition can be shown as;  2E 
R1 V1 = E −   r1
Rtotal  r1 + r2 + R 
A
As per question, V1 = 0
B =
A B  
2E
⇒ E−  r1 = 0
R2  r1 + r2 + R 
Resistance of each part (each semicircle) 2Er1
= 15 × π × 0.2 = 3π Ω ∴ E=
r1 + r2 + R
Hence, total resistance is resistance of both
parts connected in parallel. ⇒ R + r1 + r2 = 2r1
1 1 1 1 1 ∴ R = r1 − r2.
= + = +
R total R 1 R 2 3π 3π 11. If H is the quantity of heat used to boil water
∴ Rtotal = 1.5 π Ω in time t,
V
7. V2 H
H= t ⇒ time taken = 2 R
R V
For R1 it takes 24 min and R2 it takes 36 min
I If resistances are in series, (R1 + R2) will need
V = E − Ir, 1 hour.
y = c − mx
If they are in parallel, the effective resistance
∴ slope = −r, internal resistance
Vmax = E is intercept of the y-axis is < R1 and < R2.
Slope is negative because I decreases as R Therefore, when both the resistances are in
increases. parallel, they take minimum time.

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Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 11: Current Electricity

12. When a metallic wire of resistance 20 Ω is For the same voltage

bent to form a square, the equivalent circuit R 1 P2
diagram is as shown in the figure. =
R 2 P1
5Ω Also, P2 > P1
D C
∴ R1 > R2 ….(i)
So resistance of 40 W bulb is more than
5Ω 5Ω 120 W bulb.
5Ω ρl
A Also, R =
B A
Resistance of arm ABC = 5 Ω + 5 Ω = 10 Ω Since, both the resistances are of same
material and of the same length,
Resistance of arm ADC = 5 Ω + 5 Ω = 10 Ω R1 A
Their effective resistance is ∴ = 2
R2 A1
10 Ω × 10 Ω
= =5Ω ⇒ A2 > A1 ….[Using (i)]
10 Ω + 10 Ω
Hence, 120 W bulb has thicker filament.
Hence, the resistance between diagonal points
i.e., between A and C is 5 Ω. 16. For non-ohmic conductors the graph between
the current (I) and potential difference (V) has
13. Mass of the copper wire 1, m1 = A1 × l1 × d following characteristics:
Mass of wire 2, m2 = A2 × l2 × d The relation between V and I is non-linear.
m 1 l 2 I
Given, 1 = and 1 =
m2 2 l2 3
m1 1 Ald 1 A 2
= = 11 ⇒ = 1 ×
m2 2 A 2l2 d 2 A2 3
V
A1 3 The relation between V and I depends on the
∴ =
A2 4 sign of V.
l l l I (mA)
R=ρ ⇒ R1 = ρ 1 and R2 = ρ 2
A A1 A2
R1 l A
∴ = 1 × 2 V V
R2 A1 l2
2 3 1
= × =
3 4 2
R1 : R2 = 1 : 2 I (µA)
ρl The relation between V and I is not unique,
14. R=
π 2 i.e., there is more than one value of V for the
4
( D − D12 )
same current I.
4 × 2.2 × 10−8 × 628 I (mA)
∴ R=
π ( 2.42 − 22 ) × 10−4
= 9.99 × 10−2 Ω ≈ 10 × 10−2 Ω
V2
15. Power, P =
R
V2
∴ R=
P V
Let R1 and R2 be the resistances of 40 W and But the shope of I − V graph may or may not
120 W bulbs respectively. be negative.
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Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XI : Triumph Physics
17. IR + 0.5 = 3
∴ IR = 2.5 V

BLACK
R BOX
0.5 V

3V
As P = VI
∴ 200 × 10−3 = 0.5 I
200 × 10−3
∴ I=
0.5
= 0.4 A
2.5
∴ R=
I
2.5
=
0.4
= 6.25 Ω