FLUID DYNAMICS

Fundamentals of Fluid Flow

Discharge or Flow Rate, Q. It is the amount of fluid passing through a section per unit of time.
This is expressed as mass flow rate (𝑚̇), weight flow rate (𝑊̇ ), and volume flow rate (𝑉̇ ).

Problem 63. Water flows through a 75-mm diameter pipe at a velocity of 3 m/s. Find:
a. the volume flow rate in m3/s and L/s.
b. the mass flow rate in kg/s.
c. the weight flow rate in N/s.

Problem 64. Air at 30 °C and 110 kPa flows at 20 N/s through a rectangular duct that measure
160 mm x 320 mm. Compute the average velocity and volume flux. Use R = 29.3 m/K.

Problem 65. A 100-mm diameter plunger is being pushed at 60 mm/s into a tank filled with oil
having s = 0.82. If the fluid is incompressible, how many N/s of oil is being forced out at a 30-mm
diameter hole?

Problem 66. In a tank are 100 L of brine containing 50 kg total of dissolved salt. Pure water runs
into the tank at the rate of 3 L/min. Brine runs out of the tank at the rate of 2 L/min. The
instantaneous concentration in the tank is kept uniform by stirring. How much salt is in the tank
at the end of one hour?

Problem 67. A tank initially holds 100 gallons of salt solution in which 50 lb of salt has been
dissolved. A pipe fills the tank with brine at the rate of 3 gpm, containing 2 lb of dissolved salt per
gallon. Assuming that the mixture is kept uniform by stirring, a drain pipe draws out of the tank
the mixture at 2 gpm. Find the amount of salt in the tank at the end of 30 minutes.

Problem 68. A tank initially 2,500 L of 50% salt solution. Water enters the tank at the rate of 25
L/min, and the solution flows out at the rate of 50 L/min. Find the percentage of salt after 20
minutes.

Problem 69. In a tank are 100 L of brine containing 64 N of dissolved salt. Pure water enters the
tank at the constant rate and the resulting mixture runs out at the same constant rate. In 50
minutes, the amount of salt in the tank is reduced to 16 N. Determine the constant rate of inflow.