Integral Transforms and Special Functions

ISSN: 1065-2469 (Print) 1476-8291 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gitr20

A class of Hankel convolutions

R. S. Pathak & S. M. Tripathi

To cite this article: R. S. Pathak & S. M. Tripathi (2009) A class of Hankel convolutions, Integral
Transforms and Special Functions, 20:1, 1-16, DOI: 10.1080/10652460701352664

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Integral Transforms and Special Functions
Vol. 20, No. 1, January 2009, 1–16

A class of Hankel convolutions

R.S. Pathak* and S.M. Tripathi
Department of Mathematics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, India

(Received 10 October 2002 )

Hankel translations and Hankel convolutions of three different orders are defined. Their properties are
investigated. An application to the Bessel differential operator is given.

Keywords: Hankel translation; Hankel convolution; Hankel transform

2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 46F05; 46F12

1. Introduction

The Hankel convolution transform was introduced by Hirschman Jr. [6], and its theory was further
developed by Haimo [5], Cholewinski [3] and many others. The corresponding distributional
theory was developed by Betancor et al. [7]. A generalization of some of these results is presented
in this paper.
λ
To achieve our goal we define the function Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) by means of an integral involving
three Bessel functions of different orders. Using this basic function, we define Hankel translations
τx , τy and τz with respect to all the three variables. This leads to convolutions of three different
orders μ, ν and ρ. We investigate the properties of these translations and convolutions. These
convolutions are naturally more general than the convolution introduced in [6] and possess many
novel properties. However, setting μ = ν = ρ and λ = 2 − μ many results related to the classical
convolution can be deduced as special cases.

2. Bailey’s integral and generalized Hankel translations

Let us consider the following integral, which was evaluated by Bailey [2, p. 45] in terms
of Appel’s function F4 . For x, y, z > 0, λ, μ, ν, ρ ∈ R such that λ + μ + ν + ρ > 0 and

*Corresponding author. Email: ramshankarpathak@yahoo.co.in

ISSN 1065-2469 print/ISSN 1476-8291 online

© 2009 Taylor & Francis
DOI: 10.1080/10652460701352664
http://www.informaworld.com
2 R.S. Pathak and S.M. Tripathi

λ < 5/2, we have

 ∞
I= t λ−1 Jμ (xt)Jν (yt)Jρ (zt)dt
0

2λ−1 x μ y ν {(1/2)(λ + μ + ν + ρ)}

=
zλ+μ+ν (μ + 1)(ν + 1){1 − (1/2)(λ + μ + ν − ρ)}
 
1 1 x2 y2
× F4 (λ + μ + ν − ρ), (λ + μ + ν + ρ); μ + 1, ν + 1; 2 , 2 , z > x + y. (1)
2 2 z z

The condition z > x + y is needed for the convergence of F4 . By a simple observation the
following alternative forms for I can be given.

2λ−1 y ν zρ {(1/2)(λ + μ + ν + ρ)}

I=
x λ+ν+ρ (ν + 1)(ρ + 1){1 − (1/2)(λ + ν + ρ − μ)}
 
1 1 y 2 z2
× F4 (λ + ν + ρ − μ), (λ + μ + ν + ρ); ν + 1, ρ + 1; 2 , 2 , x >y+z (2)
2 2 x x
2λ−1 zρ x μ {(1/2)(λ + μ + ν + ρ)}
=
y λ+ρ+μ (ρ + 1)(μ + 1){1 − (1/2)(λ + μ + ρ − ν)}
 
1 1 z2 x 2
× F4 (λ + μ + ρ − ν), (λ + μ + ν + ρ); ρ + 1, μ + 1; 2 , 2 , y > z + x. (3)
2 2 y y

Remark 2.1 It follows from equations (1), (2) and (3) that if x, y, z are not sides of a triangle
then equation (1) vanishes for λ = 2p + 2 − μ − ν + ρ, equation (2) vanishes for λ = 2p + 2 −
ν − ρ + μ and equation (3) vanishes for λ = 2p + 2 − μ − ρ + ν, where p is any non-negative
integer. Although for λ = 2 − μ − ν + ρ, equation (1) vanishes, but then equations (2) and (3)
do not vanish for z < |y − x|. Integral (1) can be expressed in terms of certain Gamma functions
for special values of λ [2, p. 45].

Following the technique used by Bailey [1, p. 75] for proving the convergence of the F4 -series
given in equation (1) we notice that equation (1) is convergent for z = x + y under the addi-
tional assumption that λ + ν − μ < 1 and λ + μ − ν < 1. Similarly F4 -series in equation (2)
is convergent for x = y + z under the additional condition λ + ρ − ν < 1 and λ + ν − ρ < 1
and F4 -series in equation (3) is convergent for y = z + x under the additional assumption that
λ + μ − ρ < 1 and λ + ρ − μ < 1.
λ
Now, with the help of integral (1) we define the function Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) as an extension of the
well-known function D(x, y, z) given in [6,9].
 ∞
λ
Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) = t λ−(5/2) jμ (xt)jν (yt)jρ (zt)dt, (4)
0

where jμ (x) = x (1/2) Jμ (x), λ, μ, ν, ρ ∈ R, λ + μ + ν + ρ > 0, λ < 5/2 and x, y, z > 0.

λ
Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) is, in general, not symmetric in the variables x, y, z contrary to D(x, y, z),
which is known to be symmetric. However, if μ = ν, then it is symmetric in x and y.
For λ = 2 − μ, μ = ν = ρ, Dμ,ν,ρ λ
(x, y, z) = D(x, y, z). From equations (1), (2) and (3)
λ
it follows that Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) ≥ 0 for |y − x| < z < x + y provided that λ + μ + ν + ρ >
0, λ < 5/2; μ > −1, ν > −1, ρ > −1, 0 < λ + μ + ν − ρ < 2, 0 < λ + ν + ρ − μ < 2 and
0 < λ + μ + ρ − ν < 2.
 Integral Transforms and Special Functions 3

Applying inversion formula for the Hankel transform to equation (4), we get the following
relations:
 ∞
λ
Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z)jμ (xt) dx = t λ−(5/2) jν (yt)jρ (zt); (5)
0
 ∞
λ
Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z)jν (yt) dy = t λ−(5/2) jμ (xt)jρ (zt); (6)
0
 ∞
λ
Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z)jρ (zt) dz = t λ−(5/2) jμ (xt)jν (yt). (7)
0

Let us adopt the following notations:

2μ+ν−ρ (μ + 1)(ν + 1)

(1)
Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) = zρ+(1/2) x −μ−(1/2) y −ν−(1/2) Dμ,ν,ρ
λ
(x, y, z) × , (8)
(ρ + 1)

where λ = ρ − μ − ν + 2.

2μ+ρ−ν (μ + 1)(ρ + 1)

(2)
Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) = y ν+(1/2) x −μ−(1/2) z−ρ−(1/2) Dμ,ν,ρ
λ
(x, y, z) × , (9)
(ν + 1)

where λ = ν − μ − ρ + 2.

2ρ+ν−μ (ρ + 1)(ν + 1)

(3)
Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) = x μ+(1/2) y −ν−(1/2) z−ρ−(1/2) Dμ,ν,ρ
λ
(x, y, z) × , (10)
(μ + 1)

where λ = μ − ν − ρ + 2.
Then, from equation (5), (6) and (7), setting t = 0, we get
 ∞
(1)
Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) dz = 1, (11)
0

where −1 < ρ < μ + ν + (1/2);

 ∞
(2)
Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) dy = 1, (12)
0

where −1 < ν < ν + ρ + (1/2);

and
 ∞
(3)
Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) dx = 1, (13)
0

where −1 < μ < ν + ρ + (1/2).

LEMMA 2.2 Assume that λ + μ + ν + ρ > 0 and λ < 3/2, then there exists a positive constant
M such that

(i) for λ = 2 − μ − ν + ρ, ρ ≥ −(1/2)

 
∞ M(x + y)y (3/2)−λ , μ ≥ −1/2, λ + ν > 1
|Dμ,ν,ρ
λ
(x, y, z)|dz ≤
0 M(x + y)x (3/2)−λ
, ν ≥ −1/2, λ + μ > 1;
4 R.S. Pathak and S.M. Tripathi

(ii) for λ = 2 − μ − ρ + ν, ν ≥ −(1/2)

 ∞ 
M(z + x)x (3/2)−λ , ρ ≥ −(1/2), λ + μ > 1
|Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z)|dy ≤
λ
0 M(z + x)z(3/2)−λ , μ ≥ −(1/2), λ + ρ > 1;
(iii) for λ = 2 − ν − ρ + μ, μ ≥ −(1/2)
 ∞ 
M(z + y)z(3/2)−λ , ν ≥ −(1/2), λ + ρ > 1
|Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z)|dx ≤
λ
0 M(z + y)y (3/2)−λ , ρ ≥ −(1/2), λ + ν > 1.

Proof We prove (i). In view of definition (4), we have

 ∞
Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) =
λ
t λ−(5/2) jμ (xt)jν (yt)jρ (zt) dt.
0

Since, by Remark 2.1 for λ = 2 − μ − ν + ρ, Dμ,ν,ρ

λ
(x, y, z) = 0 for z > x + y, we have
 ∞  x+y  ∞  
 
|Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z)|dz ≤
λ  t λ−(5/2)
jμ (xt)jν (yt)jρ (zt) dt dz

0 0 0
 ∞  x+y 
≤ |t λ−(5/2) jμ (xt)jν (yt)| |jρ (zt)|dz dt.
0 0

Since |jρ (zt)| ≤ Aρ for ρ ≥ −(1/2), we get

 ∞  ∞
|Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z)|dz ≤ (x + y)Aρ
λ
|t λ−(5/2) jμ (xt)jν (yt)|dt (14)
0 0
 ∞
≤ Aρ,μ (x + y) |t λ−(5/2) jν (yt)|dt (for μ ≥ −(1/2))
0
 1/y
≤ (x + y)Aρ,μ |t λ−(5/2) jν (yt)| dt
0
 ∞ 
+ |t λ−(5/2) jν (yt)|dt
1/y
 1/y
≤ (x + y)Aρ,μ |t λ−(5/2) (yt)1/2 Jν (yt)|dt
0
 ∞ 
+ |t λ−(5/2)
(yt) 1/2
Jν (yt)|dt
1/y
  1/y  ∞ 
≤ (x + y)Aρ,μ c1 t λ+ν−2 y ν+1/2 dt + c2 |t λ−(5/2) | dt
0 1/y

≤ (x + y)Aρ,μ D1 y (3/2)−λ
+ D2 y (3/2)−λ

for λ + ν > 1 and λ < (3/2)

≤ (x + y)My (3/2)−λ .
Also from equation (14) proceeding as in the above, we obtain
 ∞  ∞
|Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z)| dz ≤ (x + y)Aρ,ν
λ
|t λ−(5/2) jμ (xt)| dt
0 0

≤ M(x + y)x (3/2)−λ

, for λ + μ > 1 and λ < 3/2.
 Integral Transforms and Special Functions 5

Proofs of part (ii) and (iii) are similar.

DEFINITION 2.3 For λ < 5/2, generalized Hankel translations of a function φ ∈ L1 (0, ∞) are
defined by
 ∞
τx φ(y) = φ(x, y) = λ
φ(z)Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) dz when λ + μ + ν > 3/2; (15)
0
 ∞
τy φ(z) = φ(y, z) = λ
φ(x)Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) dx when λ + ν + ρ > 3/2; (16)
0
 ∞
τz φ(x) = φ(z, x) = λ
φ(y)Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) dy when λ + ρ + μ > 3/2. (17)
0

The following lemma justifies the above definition.

LEMMA 2.4 (i) The Hankel translation τx φ(y) exists for all y, for each fixed x, when λ + μ +
ρ − ν − 2 = 0 and ν ≥ −1/2. Moreover, we have

Mx (3/2)−λ [zφ1 + xφ1 ] , ρ ≥ −(1/2), λ + μ > 1
(τx φ)(y)1 ≤

M z(5/2)−λ φ1 + xz(3/2)−λ φ1 , μ ≥ −(1/2), λ + ρ > 1.

(ii) The Hankel translation τy φ(z) exists for all z, for each fixed y, when λ + μ + ν − ρ − 2 = 0
and ρ ≥ −1/2. Moreover, we have
 (3/2)−λ
My [xφ1 + yφ1 ] , μ ≥ −(1/2), λ + ν > 1,
(τy φ)(z)1 ≤ (5/2)−λ

M x φ1 + yx (3/2)−λ φ1 , ν ≥ −(1/2), λ + μ > 1.

(iii) The Hankel translation τz φ(x) exists for all x, for each fixed z, when λ + ν + ρ − μ − 2 = 0
and μ ≥ −1/2. Moreover, we have

Mz(3/2)−λ [yφ1 + zφ1 ] , ν ≥ −(1/2), λ + ρ > 1,
(τz φ)(x)1 ≤

M y (5/2)−λ φ1 + zy (3/2)−λ φ1 , ρ ≥ −1/2, λ + ν > 1.

Proof We prove (i). From definition (15), we have

 ∞  ∞  ∞ 
 
|τx φ(y)|dy ≤  φ(z)D λ
(x, y, z) dz  dy
 μ,ν,ρ 
0 0 0
 ∞  ∞ 
≤ |φ(z)||Dμ,ν,ρ
λ
(x, y, z)| dz dy
0 0
 ∞  ∞
≤ |φ(z)|dz |Dμ,ν,ρ
λ
(x, y, z)| dy. (18)
0 0

Using Lemma 2.2 (ii), we obtain

 ∞  ∞
|τx φ(y)|dy ≤ |φ(z)|M(z + x)x (3/2)−λ dz
0 0
 ∞  ∞
≤ |φ(z)|Mx (3/2)−λ zdz + |φ(z)|Mx (5/2)−λ dz
0 0

≤ Mx (3/2)−λ zφ1 + Mx (5/2)−λ φ1

≤ Mx (3/2)−λ (zφ1 + xφ1 ).
6 R.S. Pathak and S.M. Tripathi

The second inequality in Lemma 2.4 (i) follows from equation (18). Using second inequality of
Lemma 2.2(ii), we obtain

 ∞  ∞
|τx φ(y)|dy ≤ |φ(z)|M(z + x)z(3/2)−λ dz
0 0
 ∞  ∞
≤ |φ(z)|Mz (5/2)−λ
dz + x |φ(z)|Mz(3/2)−λ dz
0 0

≤ M(z(5/2)−λ φ1 + xz(3/2)−λ φ1 ).

Proofs of other parts of Lemma 2.4 are similar.

The following theorem exhibits the generalized commutativity of the translation and the Bessel
differential operator Sμ .

THEOREM 2.5 Let x, y, z > 0 and k ∈ N0 ; then we have

τz Sνk φ(x) = Sμk τz φ(x) = Sρk τz φ(x), φ ∈ Hν ; (19)

τy Sμk φ(z) = Sνk τy φ(z) = Sρk τy φ(z), φ ∈ Hμ ; (20)
τx Sρk φ(y) = Sμk τx φ(y) = Sνk τx φ(y), φ ∈ Hρ . (21)

Proof Proof of equation (19) is given; other parts can be similarly proved. By definition (17),
we have

 ∞
τz Sνk φ(x) = (Sνk φ)(y)Dμ,ν,ρ
λ
(x, y, z) dy
0
 ∞  ∞
= (Sνk φ)(y)t λ−(5/2) jμ (xt)jν (yt)jρ (zt) dt dy
0 0
 ∞  ∞ 
= t λ−(5/2)
jμ (xt)jρ (zt) (Sνk φ)(y)jν (yt) dy dt
0 0
 ∞
= t λ−(5/2) jμ (xt)jρ (zt)hν (Sνk φ)(t) dt
0
 ∞
(22)
= t λ−(5/2) jμ (xt)jρ (zt)(−t 2 )k (hν φ)(t) dt
0
 ∞  ∞ 
= t λ−(5/2) 2 k
((−t ) jμ (xt))jρ (zt) φ(y)jν (yt) dy dt
0 0
 ∞  ∞
= t λ−(5/2) Sμk jμ (xt)jν (yt)jρ (zt)φ(y) dt dy
0 0
 ∞
= Sμk λ
φ(y)Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) dy
0

= Sμk τz φ(x).
 Integral Transforms and Special Functions 7

The right-hand side of equation (19) follows from equation (22) by rewriting it in the form
 ∞  ∞ 
t λ−(5/2) jμ (xt)(−t 2 )k jρ (zt) φ(y)jν (yt) dy dt
0 0
 ∞  ∞
= t λ−(5/2) jμ (xt)Sρk jρ (zt)jν (yt)φ(y) dt dy
0 0
 ∞
= Sρk λ
φ(y)Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) dy,
0

which can be reduced to Sρk τz φ(x) by the same arguments.

THEOREM 2.6 Let λ = ρ + 2 − μ − ν and ρ ≥ −(1/2). For every x, y, z ∈ I and φ ∈ Hμ , the

mapping φ → τy φ is continuous from Hμ into Hρ , when μ ≥ −(1/2), λ + ν > 1 or when ν ≥
−(1/2), λ + μ > 1.

Proof In view of definition (16), we have

 ∞  ∞  ∞ 
 
|(τy φ)(z)|dz ≤  φ(x)D λ
(x, y, z)dx  dz
 μ,ν,ρ 
0 0 0
 ∞  ∞
≤ |φ(x)|dx |Dμ,ν,ρ
λ
(x, y, z)|dz
0 0
 ∞
≤ |φ(x)|(x + y)My (3/2)−λ dx
0

using Lemma 2.2(i). Since φ(x) ∈ Hμ , there exists a constant Cμ such that
Cμ
|φ(x)| ≤ x μ+(1/2) .
(1 + x 2 )m
Therefore,
 ∞  ∞
Cμ
|(τy φ)(z)|dz ≤ x μ+(1/2) (x + y)My (3/2)−λ dx
0 0 (1 + x 2 )m
 ∞
Cμ
≤ x μ+(3/2) My (3/2)−λ dx
0 (1 + x 2 )m
 ∞
Cμ
+ x μ+(1/2) My (5/2)−λ dx
0 (1 + x 2 )m

≤ Mm,μ y (3/2)−λ + y (5/2)−λ , choosing m > μ/2 + 5/2.

Hence, τy φ ∈ L1 (0, ∞) for each fixed y > 0.
Now, from definition (16) we obtain an alternative form of the Hankel translation, which will be
frequently used in the sequel.
 ∞
(τy φ)(z) = λ
φ(x)Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) dx
0
 ∞  ∞ 
= φ(x) t λ−(5/2) jμ (xt)jν (yt)jρ (zt) dt dx
0 0
 ∞
= t λ−(5/2) jν (yt)jρ (zt)(hμ φ)(t) dt
0

= hρ (t λ−(5/2) jν (yt)(hμ φ)(t))(z)

8 R.S. Pathak and S.M. Tripathi

From [10, p. 141] we know that for a positive constant Aρ,k ,

  k 
  
 m −1 d −ρ−(1/2)
z z z τy φ(z) 
 dz 
 ∞  m 
 −1 d
λ−(5/2)
−ρ−(1/2) Jρ+k+m (zt) 
=  t 2ρ+2k+m+1
t t jν (yt)(hμ φ)(t) t ×  dt
0 dt (zt)ρ+k 
 ∞   
 d m 
≤ Aρ,k y ν+(1/2) t 2ρ+2k+m+1  t −1 (yt)−ν Jν (yt)(t −μ−(1/2) (hμ φ)(t) dt
0 dt
(since λ + ν + μ − ρ − 2 = 0)
 ∞  m   
 m d r
2ρ+2k+m+1 
≤ Aρ,k y ν+(1/2)
t  t −1
0  r dt
r=0
 m−r 

−ν −1 d −μ−(1/2) 
(yt) Jν (yt) t t (hμ φ)(t) dt
dt 

(by [8, p. 134])

  m
∞ 

≤ Aρ,k y ν+(1/2) t 2ρ+2k+m+1  (−1)r y 2r (yt)−ν−r Jν+r (yt)
0 
r=0
 m−r 

d 
× t −1 t −μ−(1/2) (hμ φ)(t) dt.
dt 

Now, let  be a positive integer such that  ≥ 1 + 2ρ, then

  k 
 
 m −1 d −ρ−(1/2) 
z z z {τy φ(z)}
 dz 
 ∞  m−r 
m  
2ρ+2k+m+1  −1 d −μ−(1/2) 
≤ y ν+2r+(1/2)
Aρ,μ,ν,r t  t t (hμ φ)(t) dt
0  dt 
r=0
   
m  1  
d m−r −μ−(1/2) 
 
≤ y ν+2r+(1/2) Aρ,μ,ν,r t 1+m+2k  t −1 t (hμ φ)(t) dt
0  dt 
r=0
 
 ∞  
d m−r −μ−(1/2)  1
 
+ t +2k+m+3  t −1 t (hμ φ)(t) 2 dt.
1  dt t

Therefore,

ρ

m
μ μ

γm,k (τy φ) ≤ y ν+2r+(1/2) Aρ,k,ν,r γ1+2k+m,m−r (hμ φ) + γ+2k+m+3,m−r (hμ φ) ,

r=0

from which it follows that τy : Hμ → Hρ is continuous. Obviously, it is linear. The proofs of the
following two analogous theorems are similar.

THEOREM 2.7 Let λ = 2 + ν − μ − ρ and ν ≥ −(1/2). For every x, y, z ∈ I and φ ∈ Hρ , the

mapping φ → τx φ is continuous from Hρ into Hν , when ρ ≥ −(1/2), λ + μ > 1, or when μ ≥
−(1/2), λ + ρ > 1.
 Integral Transforms and Special Functions 9

THEOREM 2.8 Let λ = μ + 2 − ρ − ν and μ ≥ −(1/2). For every x, y, z ∈ I and φ ∈ Hν , the

mapping φ → τz φ is continuous from Hν into Hμ , when ν ≥ −(1/2), λ + ρ > 1 or when ρ ≥
−(1/2), λ + ν > 1.

3. The generalized Hankel convolution

DEFINITION 3.1 For every λ + μ + ν + ρ > 0 and λ < 2, the generalized Hankel convolution of
two functions φ ∈ L1 (0, ∞) and ψ ∈ L1 (0, ∞) are defined by
 ∞  ∞ ∞
(φ#ψ)(x) = φ(y)(τx ψ)(y) dy = λ
φ(y)ψ(z)Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) dy dz,
μ 0 0 0

0 ≤ x ≤ ∞, μ + λ > (3/2), ν ≥ −(1/2), ρ ≥ −(1/2). (23)

 ∞  ∞ ∞
(φ#ψ)(y) = φ(z)(τy ψ)(z)dz = λ
φ(z)ψ(x)Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) dz dx,
ν 0 0 0

0 ≤ y ≤ ∞, ν + λ > (3/2), ρ ≥ −(1/2), μ ≥ −(1/2). (24)

 ∞  ∞ ∞
(φ#ψ)(z) = φ(x)(τz ψ)(x) dx = λ
φ(x)ψ(y)Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) dx dy,
ρ 0 0 0

0 ≤ z ≤ ∞, ρ + λ > (3/2), μ ≥ −(1/2), ν ≥ −(1/2). (25)

λ
If from equation (4) we substitute the value of Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) on the right-hand side of
equation (23), change the order of integration using Fubini’s theorem and use the fact that
|jν (t)| ≤ Aν , for ν ≥ −(1/2), we can show that double integral (23) exists under the conditions
stated above.

THEOREM 3.2 Assume that λ + μ + ν + ρ > 0 and λ < (3/2), then we have the following
results.
(i) For λ = 2 − ν − ρ + μ, μ ≥ −(1/2),
⎧
⎪
⎪M(φ1 z(5/2)−λ ψ1 + yφ1 z(3/2)−λ ψ1 ),
⎪
⎪
⎨ when ν ≥ −(1/2), λ + ρ > 1.
φ#ψ1 ≤
μ ⎪M(y (3/2)−λ φ1 zψ1 + y (5/2)−λ φ1 ψ1 ,
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎩ when ρ ≥ −1/2, λ + ν > 1.

(ii) For λ = 2 − μ − ρ + ν, ν ≥ −(1/2),

⎧
⎪
⎪ M(φ1 x (5/2)−λ ψ1 + zφ1 x (3/2)−λ ψ1 ),
⎪
⎪
⎨ when ρ≥ − (1/2), λ + μ > 1.
φ#ψ1 ≤
ν ⎪
⎪M(z(3/2)−λ φ1 xψ1 + z(5/2)−λ φ1 ψ1 ),
⎪
⎪
⎩ when μ ≥ −1/2, λ + ρ > 1.

(iii) For λ = 2 − μ − ν + ρ, ρ ≥ −(1/2),

⎧
⎪
⎪M(φ1 y (5/2)−λ ψ1 + xφ1 y (3/2)−λ ψ1 ),
⎪
⎪
⎨ when μ≥ − (1/2), λ + ν > 1.
φ#ψ1 ≤
ρ ⎪
⎪ M(x (3/2)−λ φ1 yψ1 + x (5/2)−λ φ1 ψ1 ),
⎪
⎪
⎩ when ν ≥ −1/2, λ + μ > 1.
10 R.S. Pathak and S.M. Tripathi

Proof Proof of Theorem 3.2 (i) is given, other parts of Theorem 3.2 can similarly be proved. By
definition (23),

     ∞  ∞ 
∞
  ∞ 
φ# ψ)(x)dx ≤  φ(y)ψ(z)D λ
(x, y, z) dy dz  dx
μ  μ,ν,ρ 
0 0 0 0
 ∞ ∞  
  ∞ 
≤  φ(y)ψ(z)   λ 
Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) dx dy dz. (26)
0 0 0

Using Lemma 2.2 (iii), for ν ≥ −(1/2), λ + ρ ≥ −(1/2), the expression (26) can be estimated by

 ∞  ∞
|φ(y)||ψ(z)|M(z + y)z(3/2)−λ dy dz
0 0
 ∞  ∞  ∞  ∞ 
≤M |φ(y)||ψ(z)|z(5/2)−λ dy dz + |φ(y)ψ(z)|yz(3/2)−λ dy dz
0 0 0 0
 
≤ M φ1 z(5/2)−λ ψ1 + yφ1 z(3/2)−λ ψ1 .

From equation (26), again using Lemma 2.2 (iii) for ρ ≥ −(1/2), λ + ν > 1, we have

 ∞
|(φ#ψ)(x)|dx
0 μ
 ∞  ∞
≤ |φ(y)ψ(z)|M(z + y)y (3/2)−λ dy dz
0 0
 ∞  ∞  ∞  ∞ 
≤M |φ(y)ψ(z)|zy (3/2)−λ
dy dz + |φ(y)ψ(z)|y (5/2)−λ
dy dz
0 0 0 0

≤ M y (3/2)−λ φ1 zψ1 + y (5/2)−λ φ1 ψ1 .

THEOREM 3.3 Let φ, ψ ∈ L1 (0, ∞), then for 0 ≤ t < ∞, λ + μ + ν + ρ > 0 and λ < (5/2),

hμ (φ#ψ)(t) = t λ−(5/2) (hν φ)(t)(hρ ψ)(t), ν ≥ −(1/2), ρ ≥ −(1/2); (27)

μ

hν (φ#ψ)(t) = t λ−(5/2) (hμ ψ)(t)(hρ φ)(t), μ ≥ −1/2, ρ ≥ −(1/2); (28)

ν

hρ (φ#ψ)(t) = t λ−(5/2) (hμ φ)(t)(hν ψ)(t), μ ≥ −(1/2), ν ≥ −(1/2). (29)

ρ

Proof We prove the first identity; the others can be similarly proved.
By definition (23),

 ∞  ∞
(φ#ψ)(x) = λ
φ(y)ψ(z)Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) dy dz.
μ 0 0
 Integral Transforms and Special Functions 11

Multiplying both sides by jμ (xt) and integrating with respect to x, we get

 ∞
(φ#ψ)(x)jμ (xt) dx
0 μ
 ∞  ∞  ∞ 
= jμ (xt) λ
φ(y)ψ(z)Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) dy dz dx
0 0 0
 ∞  ∞  ∞ 
= φ(y)ψ(z) λ
jμ (xt)Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) dx dy dz
0 0 0
 ∞  ∞
= φ(y)ψ(z)t λ−(5/2) jν (yt)jρ (zt) dy dz (by equation (5))
0 0
 ∞  ∞ 
= φ(y)jν (yt)t λ−(5/2) ψ(z)jρ (zt) dz dy
0 0
 ∞
= φ(y)jν (yt)t λ−(5/2) (hρ ψ)(t) dy
0

= t λ−(5/2) (hν φ)(t)(hρ ψ)(t).

4. Properties of the generalized Hankel convolution

In this section some important properties of the generalized Hankel convolution are given.

THEOREM 4.1 (Commutativity) Let φ, ψ ∈ L1 (0, ∞). If any two of the parameters μ, ν, ρ occur-
λ
ring in the definition of Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) are equal, then the convolutions with respect to the third
parameter are commutative and we have

φ#ψ = ψ#φ when ρ = ν; (30)

μ μ

φ#ψ = ψ#φ when ρ = μ; (31)

ν ν

φ#ψ = ψ#φ when μ = ν. (32)

ρ ρ

If all the three parameters are unequal the convolutions are non-commutative.

Proof The proof follows by expressing both sides in terms of integrals. Indeed, we have

 ∞
(φ#ψ)(x) = φ(y)(τx ψ)(y) dy
μ 0
 ∞  ∞
= λ
φ(y)ψ(z)Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) dy dz
0 0
 ∞  ∞  ∞
= φ(y)ψ(z)t λ−(5/2) jμ (xt)jν (yt)jρ (zt) dt dy dz (33)
0 0 0
12 R.S. Pathak and S.M. Tripathi

and

 ∞
(ψ#φ)(x) = ψ(y)(τx φ)(y) dy
μ 0
 ∞  ∞
= λ
ψ(y)φ(z)Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) dy dz
0 0
 ∞  ∞  ∞
= ψ(y)φ(z)t λ−(5/2) jμ (xt)jν (yt)jρ (zt) dt dy dz. (34)
0 0 0

Other results can similarly be proved.

THEOREM 4.2 (General associativity) If φ, ψ, θ ∈ L1 (0, ∞) and μ, ν, ρ ≥ −(1/2), then

((φ#ψ)#θ )(z) = (φ#(ψ#θ ))(z) for μ = ν; (35)

μ ρ ρ μ

((φ#ψ)#θ )(y) = (φ#(ψ#θ ))(y) for μ = ρ; (36)

ρ ν ν ρ

((φ#ψ)#θ )(x) = (φ#(ψ#θ ))(x) for ρ = ν. (37)

ν μ μ ν

Proof Taking Hankel transform of the left-hand side of equation (35) and using equation (29),
we have

hρ ((φ#ψ)#θ )(t) = t λ−(5/2) hμ (θ #ψ)(t)(hν θ )(t)

μ ρ μ

=t λ−(5/2) λ−(5/2)
t (hν φ)(t)(hρ ψ)(t)(hν θ )(t) (by equation (27))
=t 2λ−5
(hν φ)(t)(hρ ψ)(t)(hν θ )(t).

Now, using equation (29) the right-hand side of equation (35) gives

hρ (φ#(ψ#θ ))(t) = t λ−(5/2) (hμ φ)(t)hν (ψ#θ )(t)

ρ μ μ

=t λ−(5/2)
(hμ φ)(t)hν (ψ#θ )(t) (as μ = ν)
ν

= t λ−(5/2) (hν φ)(t)t λ−(5/2) (hμ θ )(t)(hρ ψ)(t).

Therefore, the equality holds for μ = ν.

The proofs of other identities are similar.

THEOREM 4.3 If φ ∈ Hμ , ψ ∈ Hν , where μ, ν ≥ −(1/2), then for λ = ρ + 2 − μ − ν the

mapping (φ, ψ) → φ#ψ is continuous from Hμ × Hν into Hρ .
ρ
 Integral Transforms and Special Functions 13

Proof In view of definitions (4) and (25) we have

 ∞ ∞
(φ#ψ)(z) = λ
φ(x)ψ(y)Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) dx dy
ρ 0 0
 ∞  ∞  ∞
= φ(x)ψ(y)( t λ−(5/2) jμ (xt)jν (yt)jρ (zt) dt) dx dy
0 0 0
 ∞  ∞  ∞
= φ(x)t λ−(5/2) jμ (xt)jρ (zt)( ψ(y)jν (yt) dy) dt dx
0 0 0
 ∞  ∞
= t λ−(5/2)
jρ (zt)( φ(x)jμ (xt) dx)(hν ψ)(t) dt
0 0
 ∞
= t λ−(5/2) jρ (zt)(hμ φ)(t)(hν ψ)(t) dt
0

= hρ (t λ−(5/2) (hμ φ)(t)(hν ψ)(t))(z). (38)

The validity of equation (38) can be shown as follows:

Since φ ∈ Hμ , and ψ ∈ Hν , we have

ˆ μ ∈ Hμ
(hμ φ)(t) = 

and
ˆ ν ∈ Hν .
(hν ψ)(t) =
Now, put
ˆ μ
1 (t) = t λ−(5/2) (hμ φ)(t)(hν ψ)(t) = (t λ−(5/2)  ˆ ν ).

Then, for λ + μ + ν − ρ − 2 = 0, we have

   
d k −ρ−(1/2) d k −ρ−(1/2) λ−(5/2)
t m t −1 t (1 (t)) = t m t −1 t (t ˆ μ ˆ ν)
dt dt
 
d k −ν−(1/2)
= t m t −1 (t ˆ ν )(t λ+μ+ν−ρ−2 )(t −μ−(1/2)  ˆ μ)
dt
 
d k −ν−(1/2)
= t m t −1 (t ˆ ν )(t −μ−(1/2)  ˆ μ)
dt
k  
k −1 d k−r −ν−(1/2) d
=t m
(t ) (t ˆ ν )(t −1 )r t −μ−(1/2) 
ˆ μ;
r=0
r dt dt

so that
  k 
 
 m −1 d 
sup t t t −ρ−(1/2) (1 (t))
t∈I  dt 
k  
   
  k−r  
 −1 d r −μ−1/2 
k  m −1 d −ν−(1/2) ˆ  
≤ sup t t (t ν ) × sup  t (t μ )
ˆ
r t∈I  dt  t∈I dt
r=0

k  
k
≤ Ak,μ,ν,m .
r=0
r
14 R.S. Pathak and S.M. Tripathi

Thus,
φ#ψ : Hμ × Hν −→ Hρ .
ρ

Two analogous theorems are now given without proof.

THEOREM 4.4 If φ ∈ Hρ , ψ ∈ Hμ , where ρ, μ ≥ −(1/2) then for λ = ν + 2 − μ − ρ the

mapping (φ, ψ) → φ#ψ is continuous from Hρ × Hμ into Hν .
ν

THEOREM 4.5 If φ ∈ Hν , ψ ∈ Hρ , where ν, ρ ≥ −(1/2) then for λ = μ + 2 − ν − ρ the

mapping (φ, ψ) → φ#ψ is continuous from Hν × Hρ into Hμ .
μ

In the following theorem we exhibit the action of the operator Sμ on the generalized Hankel
convolution.

THEOREM 4.6 Let φ, ψ ∈ Hμ (0, ∞); then

Sμ (φ#ψ)(x) = (Sν φ#ψ)(x) = (φ#Sρ ψ)(x); (39)

μ μ μ

Sν (φ#ψ)(y) = (Sρ φ#ψ)(y) = (φ#Sμ ψ)(y); (40)

ν ν ν

Sρ (φ#ψ)(z) = (Sμ φ#ψ)(z) = (φ#Sν ψ)(z); (41)

ρ ρ ρ

Proof From definition (23) we have

 ∞  ∞
Sμ (φ#ψ)(x) = λ
φ(y)ψ(z)Sμ,x Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, z) dy dz
μ 0 0
 ∞  ∞  ∞ 
= φ(y)ψ(z) t λ−(5/2) Sμ,x jμ (xt)jν (yt)jρ (zt) dt dy
0 0 0
 ∞  ∞  ∞ 
= φ(y)ψ(z) t λ−(5/2) 2
(−t )jμ (xt)jν (yt)jρ (zt) dt dy dz (42)
0 0 0
 ∞  ∞  ∞
= φ(y)ψ(z)( t λ−(5/2) jμ (xt)Sν,y jν (yt)jρ (zt) dt) dy dz
0 0 0
 ∞  ∞  ∞ 
= Sν φ(y)ψ(z) t λ−(5/2)
jμ (xt)jν (yt)jρ (zt) dt dy dz
0 0 0
 ∞  ∞
= λ
Sν φ(y)ψ(z)Dμ,ν,ρ (z, y, z) dy dz (43)
0 0

= (Sν φ#ψ)(x).
μ

The right-hand side of identity (39) follows by rewriting equation (42) in the following form and
then applying the above arguments,
 ∞  ∞  ∞
φ(y)ψ(z)( t λ−(5/2) jμ (xt)jν (yt)(−t 2 )jρ (zt) dt) dy dz
0 0 0
 ∞  ∞  ∞
= φ(y)ψ(z)( t λ−(5/2) jμ (xt)Jν (yt)Sρ,z jρ (zt) dt) dy dz
0 0 0
 Integral Transforms and Special Functions 15

 ∞  ∞  ∞
= φ(y)Sρ ψ(z)( t λ−(5/2) Jμ (xt)jν (yt)jρ (zt) dt) dy dz
0 0 0
 ∞  ∞
= λ
φ(y)Sρ ψ(z)Dμ,ν,ρ (x, y, x) dy dz
0 0

= (φ#Sρ ψ)(x).
μ

The proofs of identities (40) and (41) can be given in the same manner.

5. An application

An application of the generalized Hankel convolution is given in the following theorem. For this
purpose we shall use the formula [4, p. 225]:

ga (x) = h−1
ν [t
λ−(5/2)
(1 + a 2 t 2 )]−1 (x)
((2 − λ + ν)/2)
= 21−λ (a −2 )x λ−(3/2)
(1 − ((2 + λ)/2) + ν/2)
 
2+λ ν 2 + λ ν x2
1 F2 1; 1 − − ;1 − + ; 2
2 2 2 2 4a
x 
− πa λ−2 Iν ,
a

where ν − λ > −4 and λ > 1/2.

THEOREM 5.1 Let φ ∈ L1 (0, ∞) be such that (hμ φ)(t) ∈ L1 (0, ∞).

Assume that

ga (x) = h−1
ν [t
λ−(5/2)
(1 + a 2 t 2 )]−1 (x), ν − λ > −4, λ > 1/2.

If p(x) = (ga #φ)(x) with ρ = μ, then

μ

(1 − Sμ,x/a )p(x) = φ(x).

Proof Let p(x) = (ga #φ)(x); then using equation (27) we have
μ

(hμ p)(t) = t λ−(5/2) (hν ga )(t)(hρ φ)(t).

Therefore, by inverse Hankel transform,

 ∞
p(x) = t λ−(5/2) (hν ga )(t)(hρ φ)(t)jμ (xt) dt;
0
16 R.S. Pathak and S.M. Tripathi

so that
 ∞
(1 − Sμ,x/a )p(x) = t λ−(5/2) (hν ga )(t)(hρ φ)(t)(1 − Sμ,x/a )jμ (xt) dt
0
 ∞
= t λ−(5/2) (hν ga )(t)(hρ φ)(t)(1 + a 2 t 2 )jμ (xt) dt
0
 ∞
= [t λ−(5/2) (1 + a 2 t 2 )](hν ga )(t)(hρ φ)(t)jμ (xt) dt
0
 ∞
= (hρ φ)(t)jμ (xt) dt
0
 ∞
= (hμ φ)(t)jμ (xt) dt (as ρ = μ)
0

= φ(x).

References

[1] W.N. Bailey, Generalized Hypergeometric Series, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1935.
[2] W.N. Bailey, Some infinite integrals involving Bessel functions, Proc. London Math. Soc. 40 (2) (1936), pp. 37–48.
[3] F.M. Cholewinski, A Hankel convolution complex inversion theory, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 58 (1965), pp. 1–67.
[4] A. Erdélyi, (Ed.), Tables of Integral Transforms, Vol. 2, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1954.
[5] D.T. Haimo, Integral equations associated with Hankel convolutions, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 116 (1965), pp. 330–
375.
[6] I.I. Hirschman, Jr., Variation diminishing Hankel transforms, J. Analyse. Math. 8 (1960/61), pp. 307–336.
[7] I. Marrero and J.J. Betancor, Hankel convolution of generalized functions, Rendiconti de Mathematica y dell’ a Sue
applicazion 15 (Series VII) (1995), pp. 351–380.
[8] R.S. Pathak, Integral Transforms of Generalized Functions and their Applications, Gordon and Breach Science
Publishers, Amsterdam, 1997.
[9] G.N. Watson, A Treatise on the Theory of Bessel Functions, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1958.
[10] A.H. Zemanian, Generalized Integral Transformations, Interscience, New York, 1968.