Cancer

● Cancer is a generic term for a large group of diseases that can affect any part of
the body.
● Another term for it is the rapid creation of abnormal cells that grow beyond their
usual boundaries, and which can then invade adjoining parts of the body and
spread to other organs
● If the spread is not controlled, it can result in death.

Epidemiology of Cancer

● Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and is responsible for an
estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. 1 in 6 deaths are due to cancer
● Cancer affects people of all ages; However, most cancers occur in people older
than 65 years of age. And that the incidence is higher in men than in women.
● According to the WHO, it is estimated that around 17 million new cases worldwide
was reported in 2018 with a projection of 27.5 million new cases each year by the
year 2045.
● In the United States, more than 1.2 Million Americans are diagnosed each year
with cancer affecting one of various body sites.
● Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, With an
estimated 550,000 deaths due to malignant process.
● In the Philippines it is estimated that one out of every 10 deaths in the country is
caused by cancer.
● 91% of cancer occurs to ages 35 and up, while ¾ occurs at the age of 60 and
older.

Causes:

● The study of factors responsible for the initiation, metastasis, and prognosis of
various types of cancer. Such factors may include: Age, Gender, Environment,
Occupation etc.
● The study of exposure to carcinogenic agents such as work-related exposure,
lifestyle choices and vices, or specific chemical or physical agents in the
environment.
● Tobacco use is the most important risk factor for cancer and is responsible for
approximately 22% of cancer deaths
 ● Most Common Cases of Cancers Worldwide:

Incidence Mortality
Lung Lung
Breast Colorectal
Colorectal Stomach
Prostate Liver
Skin cancer (non-melanoma) Breast
Stomach

By Gender (Worldwide):

Men Women
Lung Breast
Prostate Colorectal
Colorectal Lung
Stomach Cervix uteri
Liver Thyroid

In the Philippines:

 It is estimated that 11 new cases are reported daily.

 Current estimates that 7 adults and 8 children die of cancer every hour.

Incidence Mortality
Breast Lung
Lung Liver
Colon Breast
Liver Colon
Prostate Leukemia

Cancer Cases by Gender:

Male Female
Lung Breast
Colorectal Cervical
Prostate Colorectal
Liver Lung
Leukemia Ovary