'BiWaRE- Biomass and Waste for Renewab

Decision Tree for the applicability of biogas and bio

Excel application aid -
Objective of the Decision support system

The Decision Support System is designed to represent a practical support for professionals, who would like to evaluate the chances
biomass combustion on the level of a pre-feasibility study - without being an expert for renewable energy planning.

Categories of the Decision Tree

The Decision Tree comprises the following categories:

Energy production and utilisation

Pre-Dimensioning
Influence of framework conditions on the project
Project impacts
Project economics

The categories of the decision tree are included as spreadsheets in this excel application aid.

Applicability for biogas and biomass combustion processes

The decision tree comprises general parts that apply for biogas and biomass combustion processes as well as parts
specific parts are labelled with colours to indicate the applicability.

How to use the electronical version of the Decision Tree

Data input and output

User advice

Additional spreadsheets included in the excel application aid

- The spreadsheet 'Data library' contains a compilation of all table-based tools of the decision tr
found in the BIWARE handbook

- The spreadsheet 'Result sheet' contains a summary of the main results of the decision tree (P
as print version.

Reference to the BIWARE handbook and Decision Tree

For any additional information please refer to the BIWARE handbook. The BIWARE decision tree, which is included in
decision steps of this excel aid.

BIWARE homepage
Further information on the BIWARE project can be found on the project webpage: http://www.biware.hs-bremen.
 'BiWaRE- Biomass and Waste for Renewable Energy'

ee for the applicability of biogas and biomass combustion

Excel application aid -
n support system

is designed to represent a practical support for professionals, who would like to evaluate the chances for renewable energy generation by biogas or
vel of a pre-feasibility study - without being an expert for renewable energy planning.

es the following categories:

gy production and utilisation

Dimensioning
ence of framework conditions on the project

ct economics

ion tree are included as spreadsheets in this excel application aid.

and biomass combustion processes

s general parts that apply for biogas and biomass combustion processes as well as parts specific to the selected process type. The
with colours to indicate the applicability.

Only applicable for biogas processes

Only applicable for biomass combustion processes

ical version of the Decision Tree

User input required (following the Hand book)

Data can be entered, a suggested value is already entered
Main results of the Decision steps

Comment cells provide additional information to users

s included in the excel application aid

spreadsheet 'Data library' contains a compilation of all table-based tools of the decision tree. The complete package of tools can be
in the BIWARE handbook

spreadsheet 'Result sheet' contains a summary of the main results of the decision tree (Project profile). The 'Result sheet' is formate
nt version.

E handbook and Decision Tree

ion please refer to the BIWARE handbook. The BIWARE decision tree, which is included in the handbook, graphically illustrates the
aid.

BIWARE project can be found on the project webpage: http://www.biware.hs-bremen.de

 Category 1: Production and utilisation of energy

Step 1-4: Pre-selection of substrates and process for energy generation

Step 1-3 Selection of suitable substrates, quantity of substrates and substrate characteristics

A. Substrates suitable for biogas production

Substrates (manure/biomass/waste) Selection Quantity Dry substance (DS)

[t/a] [%]

Biogas substrate 1 (specify) 0

Biogas substrate 2 (specify)

Tool 1-7 Biogas substrate 3 (specify)

Biogas substrate 4 (specify)

Total quantity 0

Industrial wastewater Selection Quantity COD content

[m3/a] [mg/l]
Wastewater Type 1 (specify)

Wastewater Type 2 (specify)

Total quantity 0
 B. Substrates suitable for biomass combustion

Lower heat value

Substrates Selection Quantity
(LHV)

[t/a] [kJ/kg]
Combustion substrate 1 (specify)

Combustion substrate 2 (specify)

Combustion substrate 3 (specify)

Combustion substrate 4 (specify)

Total quantity/average LHV 0

Step 4 Pre-selection of process

 Step 5: Calculation of energy content of substrates
Step 5

For Biogas only

A. Production of methane

Total methane production from substrates 0 Nm3

Tool 8-10

B. Energy content of substrates

Selected substrates
Energy content

[kWh/a]
0

Total energy content of substrates 0 kWh/a

0.00 GWh/a
 Step 6: Determination of usable energy production
Step 6

Determined preconditions from previous steps

Selected process Biomass combustion

Total energy content of substrate 0 kWh/a

Tool 11+12

A. Determination of auxiliary addition of fuel

Selection of motor type for plant

B. Determination of system efficiencies

Thermal efficiency 50 %

Electrical efficiency 35 %

C. Determination of auxiliary consumption

 Thermal energy (heating of digester required)

Electrical energy (mixing, pumping, etc.) 10 % of brutto electricity production

D. Usable energy production

Type of energy Usable energy production

kWh/a GWh/a

Electrical energy 0 0.00

Thermal energy (hot water) 0 0.00

Biogas 0 0.00

A. Auxiliary consumption

Electrical energy (flue gas cleaning, etc.) 8 % of total electricity production (refers to operational

B. Usable energy production (for the 4 operational modes)

Operational mode CHP plant Efficiencies

 electrical [%] thermal [%] overall [%]

Mode 1 Electric power plant 20 - 20

Mode 2 Electricity controlled CHP plant 15 60 75

Mode 3 Heat controlled CHP plant 10 65 75

Mode 4 Heat plant - 85 85

Step 7-9: Current energy supply system, energy demand and utilisation of the produced energy

Step 7 Identification of current energy supply

A. Characteristics of current energy supply system

 B. Integration of biogas/biomass combustion system into current energy supply system

Step 8 Is there a demand for the produced energy?

Type of energy demanded Input/Selection

Tool 13+14

Grid network
1. Demand for electrical energy or

Specifiable demand kWh/a

2. Demand for thermal energy

Hotwater 0 kWh/a

Use tool 14
 Steam or

Specifiable demand kWh/a

3. Demand for fuel (biogas) kWh/a

Step 9 Balance of energy production and demand and pre-selection of energy utilisation path

Type of energy Balance Selection

% utilisation of
productuion
Electrical energy 0% 0

Thermal energy (hot water) 0% 0

Biogas 0% 0

Operational mode CHP plant Balance

 Thermal energy Electrical energy

Mode 1 Electric power plant no demand

Mode 2 Electricity controlled CHP plant no demand no demand

Mode 3 Heat controlled CHP plant no demand no demand

Mode 4 Heat plant no demand

Note! --> Demand for thermal energy (steam) can not be coverd

Summary of balance energy production and demand (for selected mode)

Type of energy Balance

% utilisation of
productuion

Electrical energy no demand 0

Thermal energy no demand 0

 Step 10: Determination of substitution ratio of conventional energy by renewable energy
Step 10

Tool 15 Type of energy Energy utilisation Reference

Demand as
kWh/a Level/area
reference
Electrical energy - Reference (specify)

Thermal energy
 Organic dry
Methane yield
substance (oDS)

[% DS] Value specification

Tool 2 "Specific quantity of substrates"

COD removal

[%] 1. Type of substrate

80

80 Literature values 1.7 RPR

 2. Select value RPR

3. Number of units t of product

4. Total quantity of substrates 0 t/a

Tool 3 "Bulk density"

1. Type of substrate

Literature values 1000 kg/m3

2. Select value kg/m3

3. Substrate quantity m3

4. Total quantity of substrates 0 t/a

Assumptions used in calculations

1. Gas temperature for expression of methane yield (norm cond.) 0

2. Atm. pressure for expression of methane yield (norm cond.) 1,013

3. Atm.pressure for expression of methane yield (ambient cond.) 960

4. Gas tenperature for expression of methane yield (ambient cond.) 30

5. Negative pressure in gas flow control system (ambient cond.) 15

Assumptions used in calculations

1. Specific methane yield (wastewater treatment) 0.4 Nm³ CH4/ kg COD

2. Heat value of methane (norm cond.) 10 kWh/Nm3

For Biogas only
o electricity production

Assumptions used in calculations

1. Auxiliary consumption of fuel oil 10

2. Thermal energy demand for heating of fermenter 50

3. Biogas demand for heating of fermenter 15

For biomass combustion only

electricity production (refers to operational mode 1)

Usable energy production

 thermal [kWh/a] electrical [kWh/a]

- 0

0 0

0 0

0 -

duced energy

Tool 13 "Specific energy demand"

1. Type of electrical energy demand

Specific energy demand (literature values, etc.) 800 - 1.000

2. Select value
 3. Number of units

4. Total electrical energy demand 0

Tool 14 "Energy demand for steam prodction"

1. Steam demand and specification of steam parameters (Saturated steam only)

Demand

Summary energy
Annual operating hours
demand

kWh/a

Pressure

0 Determined steam parameters

Pressure #N/A

Temperature #N/A

0 2. Determination of energy demand for steam production

Energy demand for steam production #N/A

 0

For Biogas only

Energy utilisation path

(Specify energy utilisation path)

(Specify energy utilisation path)

(Specify energy utilisation path)

For biomass combustion only

Selection Energy utilisation path

 (Specify energy utilisation path)

(Specify energy utilisation path)

✘ (Specify energy utilisation path)

(Specify energy utilisation path)

not be coverd
 Substitution
ratio

[kWh/a] [%]

Reference (specify) -
°C

hPa

hPa

°C
hPa
%

%
kWh/a

kWh/a
number

kWh/a

t/h

h/a

bar

bar

°C

kWh/a
 Category 2: Predimensioning of biogas or biomass system

Step 11 : Determination of nominal electrical capacity (rated power) and firing thermal capacity of energy gene

Step 11

A. Determined pre-conditions from previous steps

Selected process Biomass combustion

Tool 16 Operational mode Heat controlled CHP-plant

Production of electrical energy (brutto) 0

B. Determination nominal thermal/electrical capacity

1. Annual operating hours of energy generation system

Recommended value for biomass combustion system 7,500

Select annual operating hours 0 hours/a

Availability of system 0%

2. Nominal thermal capacity #DIV/0! kW

 #DIV/0!

Step 12: Determination of main process design specifications

Step 12

For Biogas only

A. Selection of process type

Tool 17 Main type of substrate

- not applicable - #DIV/0!

Selection of process type (based on type of substrates)*

* For household waste, in general, only dry fermentation processes are regarded appropriate

B. Calculation of digester input

 Input mass flow (digester) #DIV/0! t/a

Tool 18 Average DS-content of digester input 10 %

Average oDS-content of digester input #DIV/0! % of DS

C. Determination of hydraulic retention time (HRT) for the biogas process

Selection of retention time days

D. Calculation of digester capacity

1. Estimation of bulk density (for mix of substrates)

Tool 19

- not applicable -

- not applicable - 1,000 kg/m3

- not applicable - kg/m3

2. Calculation of effective digester capacity 0 m3

Digester capacity (incl. freeboard) 0 m3

 E. Determination of organic loading for the digester

Selected process type Wet fermentation process

Tool 20 Organic loading for the digester #DIV/0! kg oDS/(m3*d)

F. Determination of fuel oil consumption

Fuel oil consumption (diesel, light fuel oil) 0 l/a

Tool 21

G. Determination of land requirements for biogas system

Estimation of required land area m2

H. Sanitation

Requirements for sanitation of substrates

 For biomass combustion only

A. Estimation of storage capacity and required storage area

Tool 22

1. Estimation of bulk density (for mix of substrates)

Specify main type of substrate

Typical bulk density for selected type of substrate 30-200 kg/m3

Select bulk density kg/m3

2. Calculation of storage capacity

Selection of hold-back time of substrate d

Storage capacity #DIV/0! m3

3. Calculation of required storage area

Selection of storage height m

Storage area #DIV/0! m2

 B. Pre-selection of process type

Pre-selection based on type of substrates (particle size)

C. Determination of land requirements for biomass combustion system

Estimation of required land area m2

Step 13 -15: Utilisation/Disposal of residues generated

For Biogas only

Step 13 Determination of the quantity of residues generated

Generation of residues #DIV/0! t/a

Average dry substance of residues 10 %

Tool 23
Step 14 Can the produced quantity of residues be utilised?

Utilisation of residues possible

- not applicable - (please specify)

- not applicable - t/a

- not applicable - #DIV/0! %

Step 15 Identification of disposal options for residues

Quantity of residues for disposal #DIV/0! t/a

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0! (please specify)

 For biomass combustion only

Step 13 Determination of the quantity of residues generated

1. Determination of ash content of substrates

Tool 24
Selection of main type of fuel

Fuel specific ash content (literature values) 0,7-1,2 % of DS

Select specific ash content % of DS

2. Determination of ash types

Ash types

Bottom ash [weight Cyclone fly ash Filter Fly ash

%] [%weigth] [%weight]
 Recommended values: 60-90 10-35 2-10

Select values:

3. Calculation of quantity of ash produced

Bottom ash 0 t/a

Cyclone fly ash 0 t/a

Filter fly ash 0 t/a

Step 14 Can the produced quantity of residues be utilised?

Utilisation of bottom ash possible

- not applicable - (please specify)

- not applicable - t/a

 - not applicalbe - 0 %

Step 15 Identification of disposal options for residues

Quantity of ash for disposal 0 t/a

Specify disposal route (please specify)

acity of energy generation system

Assumptions used in calculations

1. Annual operating hours for biogas system 8,000 hours/a

2. Annual operating hours for biomass combustion 7,500 hours/a

3. Application range for pilot injection area (max. capacity) 250 kWel

4. Application range for gas engine (min. capacity) 150 kWel

5. Application range for electric power plant - mode 1 (min. capacity) 500 kWel

6. Application range for CHP-plant - mode 2+3 (min. capacity) 500 kWel

7. Application range for heat plant - mode 4 (min. capacity) 1,000 kW

 8. Application range for biogas system (min. capacity) 70 kWel

For Biogas only

mass combustion only
 Assumptions used in calculations

1. Free volume (freeboard) in the digester 10 %

2. Lower heat value of fuel (light fuel oil, diesel) 42,800 kJ/kg

3. Bulk density of fuel (light fuel oil, diesel) 0.84 kg/l

4. Bulk density of digester content (wet fermentation) 1,000 kg/m3

For Biogas only

ass combustion only
Assumptions used in calculations

1. Typical DS-content for wet fermentation process 10 %

2. Average degradation rate of oDS 50 %

3. Typical bottom ash fraction 60-90 weight %

4. Typical cyclone ash fraction 10-35 weight %

5. Typical filter ash fraction 2-10 weight %

 Step 18 and 19: Identification of stakeholders impact on the project

Step 18 Is there a strong support of the projects main stakeholders?

A. Identification of major stakeholder groups B. Estimate attitude and influence of identified st

Attitude/
List relevant stakeholders
support
(please list stakeholders)

(please list stakeholders)

(please list stakeholders)

(please list stakeholders)

(please list stakeholders)

(please list stakeholders)

Attitude: ++ strongly in favour Influence: H

+ in favour M
 0 indifferent or undecided L

- weakly opposed

-- strongly opposed

Step 19 Is it possible to get the support of critical project stakeholder ?

List critical project stakeholder Means to get the support of critical stakeholder

(please list critical stakeholders) (please specify)

(please list critical stakeholders) (please specify)

(please list critical stakeholders) (please specify)

itude and influence of identified stakeholders

Influence

High (this person or group has power of veto)

Medium (Goals could probably be achieved against this person/group)

 Low (This person/group can do little to influence the outcome of the intended actions)

he support of critical stakeholder Possibility to get support

(please specify)

(please specify)

(please specify)
 Category 4: Socio-economic and environmental impact of the project

Step 20: Determination of the overall socio-economic impact of the project

Step 20

A. Direct local effects on employment, health conditions and poverty alleviation

(please specify)

B. Overall influence on the regional socio-economic development

Category Impact assessment

Basic needs (please specify)

Income generating opportunities (please specify)

Gender (please specify)

 Land use competition and land tenure (please specify)

Step 21 and 22: Determination of the environmental impacts caused by the project

Step 21 Determination of the local/regional environmental impacts caused by the project

Impact category Rating Comments

Direct local environmental impacts

Air (please specify)

Soil (please specify)

Water (please specify)

Noise (please specify)

Smell (please specify)

 Regional environmental impacts

Deforestation (please specify)

Acid rain (please specify)

Rating scale -2

-1

Step 22 Determination of the global environmental impacts caused by the project

A. Climate-releant impacts caused by the baseline for energy production

Tool 25 a-f - not applicable -

- not applicable -

- not applicable -

- not applicable -
 Climare relevant impacts caused by the baseline for energy production 0 t CO2-equiv./a

B. Climare-relevant impacts caused by the baseline for substrate disposal

The baseline of substrate disposal results in climare-relevant impacts

- not applicable -

- not applicable -

- not applicable - 30 weight %

- not applicable - weight %

- not applicable -

- not applicable - 0 t CO2-equiv./a

 For Biogas only

C. Climare-relevant impacts caused by the project

1. Climate-relevant impacts caused by utilisation of fuel oil no utilisation t CO2-equiv./a

2. Climate-relevant impacts caused by disposal of residues 0 t CO2-equiv./a

For biomass combustion only

C. Climare-relevant impacts caused by the project

Specify main type of substrate

Climate-relevant impacts caused by combustion of substrates 0 t CO2-equiv./a

D. The project's overall reduction in climate-relevant impacts 0 t CO2-equiv./a

Comments
considerable negative impact

negative impact

no impact

positive impact

considerable positive impact

For Biogas only

ombustion only

Assumptions used in calculations

1. Fraction DOC dissimilated (untreated substrates) 0.77

2. Fraction DOC dissimilated (treated substrates, residues) 0.5

3. Fraction of CH4 in landfill gas 0.5

4. Recovery of methane (flaring/utilisation) 75 % of production

5. CH4 oxidation factor (upper layers/site cover material) 0.0 -

6. Global warming potential (GWP) of methane 21 -

7. Degradation of DOC in treatment process 0.5 -
 % EUR

Technical equipment #DIV/0!

Electrical equipment #DIV/0!

Earth and construction works #DIV/0!

Other costs #DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

Total 0

Adjust fractions to 100%

- EUR

Contigency (% of plant costs) 5% #VALUE!

Subtotal A: Investment costs for the plant #VALUE!

2. Land costs

Land requirements 0 m2

Specify land price EUR/m2

Subtotal B: Land costs 0 EUR

 3. Additional investment costs

Other investment costs (specify) EUR

Other investment costs (specify) EUR

Subtotal C: Additional investment costs 0 EUR

4. Total investment costs #VALUE!

B. Consumption-related costs

1. Cost of substrates

Cost for supply of substrate (incl. transport, etc.) EUR/t

Subtotal D: Substrate acquisition 0 EUR/a

2. Cost related to disposal/utilisation of residues

Cost of residue disposal EUR/t 0

Cost of residue utilisation EUR/t 0

Subtotal E: Residue disposal/utilisation 0

 3. Auxiliary power costs

Electricity price (auxiliary consumption) EUR/kWh 0

Fuel price (diesel/light fuel oil) EUR/l 0

Subtotal F: Power costs 0

4. Total consumption related costs 0 EUR/a

C. Operation-related costs

1. Maintenance and repair costs

System components Repairs and maintenance

%/a of investment

Typical value Selection

Technical equipment 2

Electrical equipment 1.5

Earth and construction works 1

Property 0.5

- not applicable - EUR-cent/kWh

Subtotal G: Maintenance and repair

 2. Plant operation/labour requirements

Specific labour requirements (O&M plant) man-hours/a

0 man-hours/a

Wages for plant personell (incl. social contributions) EUR/man-hour

Subtotal H: Labour requirements 0 EUR/a

3. Total operation-related costs #DIV/0! EUR/a

D. Other costs

1. Cost of insurance

Insurance (relating to total investment costs) 0.5 %/a of investment

#VALUE! Eur/a

2. Miscellaneous costs (administration, tenancy, etc.)

Other costs (specify) EUR/a

Other costs (specify) EUR/a

3. Total other costs #VALUE! EUR/a

 Step 25: Calculation of project revenue
Step 25

A. Energy production

1. Revenue from electrical energy production EUR/kWh #VALUE!

2. Revenue for thermal energy

a. Revenue --> supply of hot water EUR/kWh 0

b. Revenue --> supply of steam EUR/kWh 0

- not applicable - EUR/kWh 0

B. Revenue from residue utilisation (fertiliser)

Revenue for residues (bio-fertilizer) Eur/t 0

C. Revenue for acceptance of substrates

Revenue for substates EUR/t 0

C. Potential CDM revenue (through reduction of CO2-Emissions)

Price of certified emission reductions (CER) EUR/t CO2 0

D. Other revenues

Revenue (specify) EUR/a

Revenue (specify) EUR/a

E. Total project revenue (excl. CDM) #VALUE! EUR/a

 Step 26 -28: Profitability analysis (static approach)
Step 26

A. Main assumptions

Investment grant (reduces investment) % of investment

Total grant #VALUE! EUR

Tool 28 a-e Total investment (reduced by grant) #VALUE! EUR

Imputed interest rate %

B. Calculation of capital-related costs

1. Cost-accounting annual depreciation

Cost components Calculative service life

Typical values Selection

Technical equipment 20
 Electrical equipment 15

Earth and construction works 20

Other costs 20

Contingency 20

Other investment costs (specify)

Other investment costs (specify)

Total annual depreciaton

2. Interest calculation for fixed capital

Assest-depreciation (i.e. plant components) #VALUE! EUR/a

Assets-no depreciation (i.e. property) 0 EUR/a

Total interest charges #VALUE! EUR/a

3. Total capital-related costs #VALUE! EUR/a

B. Comparison of annual project costs and revenues

Annual project costs #DIV/0! EUR/a

 Annual project revenue (excl. Impact of CDM) #VALUE! EUR/a

C.Profitability of project

1. Calculation of annual profit/deficit (before tax) #VALUE! EUR/a #VALUE!

2. Calculation of return on assets #VALUE! %

3. Calculation of project cash flow #VALUE! EUR/a

4. Determination of simple payback-time for investment #VALUE! a

D. Impact of CDM

Consider potential CDM revenue in profitability analysis

Step 29: Calculation of specific energy generation costs and specific investment costs for reduction of CO 2-emiss
Step 29
 A. Specific energy generation cost

Specific energy generation cost #DIV/0! EUR-cent/kWh

Tool 29-30

B. Specific CO2-reduction costs

Specific energy generation costs of baseline EUR-cent/kWh

Specific costs for reduction of CO2-emissions #DIV/0! EUR/t CO2 #DIV/0!

EUR/a

EUR/a

EUR/a
 EUR/a

EUR/a

EUR/a

enance

EUR/a

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
Eur/a

Eur/a

Eur/a

Eur/a

Eur/a
EUR/a

Eur/a
 Annual
depreciaton
EUR

selection
selection

selection

selection

selection

selection

selection

selection

0
uction of CO 2-emissions
 'BiWaRE- Biomass and Waste for Renew

Result Summary sheet

- Decision-Making for a biogas or biomass combustion project -

Project idea (please specify)

Author (please specify)

Date (please specify)

Category 1: Energy production and utilisation

Step 1-4: Pre-selection of substrates and process for energy generation

Step 1-3 Selected substrates, substrate quantity and characteristics

Type of substrate Quantity [t/a]

Total quantity 0

Step 4 Pre-selection of process Biomass combustion

Step 5: Energy content of substrates

Step 5
Energy content
Type of substrate
[kWh/a]
0

Total energy content 0

Step 6: Determination of usable energy production

Step 6 A. Production of electrical energy

Electric power plant (mode 1) 0

Electricity controlled CHP-plant (mode 2) 0

Heat controlled CHP-plant (mode 3) 0

B. Production of thermal energy

Electricity controlled CHP-plant (mode 2) 0

Heat controlled CHP-plant (mode 3) 0

Heat plant (mode 4) 0

Step 7-9: Current energy supply system, energy demand and utilisation of the produced energ
Step 7 A. Characteristics of current energy supply system

B. Integration of renewable energy system into current energy supply system

Step 8-9 A. Specified energy demand

Type of energy kWh/a

Electrical energy 0

Thermal energy (steam) 0

Thermal energy (hot water) 0

Fuel (biogas) 0

B. Comparison of energy demand with energy production, pre-selected energy utilisation path

Comparison of
Type of energy production and
demand
Electrical energy no demand

Thermal energy no demand

Selected operational mode Heat controlled CHP-plant (mode

 Step 10: Determination of substitution ratio of conventional energy by renewable energy

Step 10

Substitution ratio
Type of energy
[%]

Electrical -

Thermal (hot water) -

Thermal (steam) -

Biogas -

Category 2: Pre-dimensioning
 Step 11: Determination of nominal electrical capacity (rated power) or firing thermal capacity

Step 11 A. Availability of energy system

Annual operating hours 0

Capacity factor 0

B. Nominal capacity of energy generation system (rated power/firing thermal capacity)

Nominal thermal capacity #DIV/0!

Step 12: Determination of main process design specifications

Step 12 Pre-selection of combustion system Grate furnace

Estimated land requirements 0

Step 13 -15: Utilisation/Disposal of residues generated

Step 13 Generation of residues

Quantity of bottom ash generated 0

Quantity of fly ash generated 0

Step 14 Residue utilisation

 General suitability for utilisation Utilisation of bottom/cyclone ash

- not applicalbe - 0

Step 15 Disposal of residues

Quantity of residues for disposal 0

Specify disposal route

Category 3: Influence of framework conditions

Step 16 and 17: Identification of relevant framework conditions related to renewable energy
Step 16 A. Identification of government plans and targets related to renewable energy implementatio

(please specify)

B. Identification of fiscal policy and support mechanism

(please specify)

Step 17 Identification of laws and regulations

(please specify)

Step 18 and 19: Identification of stakeholders impact on the project

Step 18 Attitude and influence of project stakeholders

Identified stakeholders

(please list stakeholders)

(please list stakeholders)

(please list stakeholders)

(please list stakeholders)

(please list stakeholders)

(please list stakeholders)

Step 19 Getting the support of critical stakeholders

 Identified critical/crucial stakeholder Means to the get the support of c

(please list critical stakeholders)

(please specify)

(please list critical stakeholders)

(please specify)

(please list critical stakeholders)

(please specify)

Category 4: Project impact

Step 20: Determination of the overall socio-economic impact of the project

Step 20 A. Direct local effects on employment, health conditions and poverty alleviation

(please specify)

B. Overall influence on the regional socio-economic development

Category Impact assessment

Basic needs (please specify)

Income generation opportunities (please specify)

Gender (please specify)

Land use competition and land tenure (please specify)

Step 21 and 22: Determination of environmental impacts caused by the project

Step 21 A. Determination of the local/regional environmental impacts caused by the project

Impact categories Rating

Direct local environmental impacts

Air -

Soil -
 Water -

Noise -

Smell -

Regional environmental impacts

Deforestation -

Acid rain -

Step 22 B. Determination of the global environmental impacts caused by the project

Climate relevant impacts caused by the baseline for energy production

Climate relevant impacts caused by the baseline for substrate disposal

Climate relevant impacts caused by the project

Project's overall reduction in climate relevant impacts

Category 5: Project economics

Step 23: Financing/Identification of subsidies for the project

Step 23 A. Investment grant (reduces investment) (please specify)

B. Other types of subsidies (e.g. subsidiesed feed-in tariff, etc.)

(please specify)

Step 24-25 : Project costs and revenues

Step 24 Project costs

Total investment cost for the project #VALUE!

Total consumption-related coss -

Total operation-related costs #DIV/0!

Other costs (insurance, etc.) #VALUE!

Step 25 Project revenues

Total revenue from energy production #VALUE!

Total revenue from utilisation of residues -

Potential CDM revenue (reduction of CO2-emissions) 0

Other revenues -

Step 26 -27: Profitability analysis

A. Main assumptions
 Investment grant 0

Total investment grant #VALUE!

Total investment (reduced by grant) #VALUE!

Imputed interest rate 0

B. Fixed costs (capital related costs)

Annual depreciation 0

Annual interest charges #VALUE!

C. Project profitability

Total annual profit/deficit (before tax) #VALUE!

Return on assets #VALUE!

Project cash flow #VALUE!

Payback time (simple) #VALUE!

D. Impact of CDM

--> Potential impact of CDM is not considered in profitability analysis

Step 29: Calculation of specific energy generation costs and specific investment costs for redu

A. Specific energy genration cost

Specific energy generation cost #DIV/0!

B. Specific investment cost for reduction of CO2-emissions

- not applicable - #DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
d Waste for Renewable Energy'

ecify)

ecify)

ecify)

Lower heat value [MJ/kg]

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0 0

combustion
 kWh/a

kWh/a

kWh/a

kWh/a

kWh/a

kWh/a

kWh/a

on of the produced energy

d energy utilisation path

Utilisation [% of production] Utilisation path

0 (Specify energy utilisation path)

0 (Specify energy utilisation path)

trolled CHP-plant (mode 3)

y renewable energy

Reference level

-
r firing thermal capacity of energy generation system

h/a

thermal capacity)

kW

m2

t/a

t/a
n of bottom/cyclone ash not possible

t/a

ed to renewable energy
e energy implementation

ecify)

ecify)

ecify)

Attitude Influence
o the get the support of critical stakeholders Possibility to get support

(please specify)
ecify)

(please specify)
ecify)

(please specify)
ecify)
ecify)

ssessment

ecify)

ecify)

ecify)

ecify)

by the project

Comments

(please specify)

(please specify)
 (please specify)

(please specify)

(please specify)

(please specify)

(please specify)

(please specify)

0 t CO2-equiv./a

0 t CO2-equiv./a

0 t CO2-equiv./a

0 t CO2-equiv./a
ecify)

ecify)

EUR

EUR/a

EUR/a

EUR/a

Key input parameters

Feed-in tariff for electrical energy 0

EUR/a Revenue for steam -

EUR/a Revenue for supply of hot water -

EUR/a Revenue for supply of biogas -

EUR/a Revenue for fertiliser -

Revenue for aceptance of substrates -

 % of investment

EUR

EUR

EUR/a

EUR/a

EUR/a

EUR/a

EUR/a

nvestment costs for reduction of CO 2-emissions

EUR-cent/kWh

EUR/t CO2
0

0
Possibility to get support

(please specify)

(please specify)

(please specify)

0
EUR-cent/kWh

EUR-cent/kWh

EUR-cent/kWh

EUR-cent/kWh

EUR/t

EUR/t
 Data Library for Decision Support System

The data library contains a compilation of table-based tools, that are included in the Decision support sys

Tool 1 "Suitability of substrates"

No Type

Tool 1 1 Agro based crop substrates

2 Algae
3 Barley straw
4 Beet tops
5 Beet tops, (sugar beet)
6 Beet, sugar beet
7 Beet, (fodder)
8 Blood meal
9 Cane trash
10 Clover
11 Coco bean shells
12 Elephant grass
13 Flax
14 Grass
15 Grass silage
16 Hay
17 Hemp
18 Maize silage
19 Maize straw
20 Oat straw
21 Peanut husk
22 Potato tops
23 Rape straw
24 Rapeseed shred
25 Reed
26 Residual wood (common)
27 Bark
28 Rice husk
29 Rice straw
30 Rye straw
31 Sunflower leaves
32 Water hyacinth
33 Wheat
34 Wheat straw
35
36 Animal husbandry
37 Cattle manure
38 Cattle manure (with straw)
39 Chicken manure
40 Chicken manure (with straw)
41 Horse manure (with straw)
42 Pig manure
43 Pig manure (with straw)
44 Sheep manure (with straw)
45 Cattle manure
46 Cattle manure (with straw)
47 Chicken manure
48 Chicken manure (with straw)
49
50 Forestry based residues
51 all types of wood and residues (e.g. saw dust)
52
53 Municipal and industrial waste
54 Animal cadaver meal
55 Bagasse
56 Biowaste
57 Cereal mash
58 Clippings (sedge)
59 Coco bean shells
60 Fat (from fat separators)
61 Filtration silica gel (beer)
62 Float fat
63 Flotation sludge
64 Foliage / leaves
65 Food waste
66 Fruit pulp (fresh)
67 Kitchen waste
68 Loppings
69 Market waste
70 Mash of apples
71 Mash of fruits
72 Molasse
73 Molasses mash
74 Oil seed residue (pressed)
75 Peanut husk
76 Pomace of apples
77 Pomace of fruits
78 Pomace of grape
79 Potato mash
80 Potato peel waste, raw
81 Potato pulp
82 Potato slop
83 Raps extraction residue
84 Rumen content (pressed)
85 Rumen content (untreated)
86 Sewage sludge
87 Slaughterhouse waste
88 Spent grains from beer
89 Spent hops (dried)
90 Stomache contents (pig)
91 Straw
92 Vegetable waste
93 Vinasse
94 Whey
95 Yard trimming

Legend
+
-
(+)
 Tool 2 "Specific quantity of substrates"

No Type
Tool 2 1 - Agro based crop residue-
2
3 Beet (Fodder beet leaf silage)
4 Beet (fodder beet)
5 Beet (Sugar beet leaf silage)
6 Beet (Sugar beet leaves)
7 Beet (Sugar beet leaves)
8 Beet leaves
9 Beets
10 Cassava stalks
11 Cassava stalks
12 Cereal straw
13 Coconut bunches
14 Coconut fronds
15 Coconut fronds
16 Coconut husks
17 Coconut husks
18 Coconut shells
19 Coconut shells
20 Coffee husk
21 Corn silage
22 Cotton stalks
23 Cotton stalks
24 Energy cereals
25 Energy pasture
26 Eucalyptus bark & saw dust
27 Eucalyptus waste wood
28 Grass (crop grass)
29 Grass (Giant Chinese silver grass)
30 Grass (meadow grass)
31 Grass (Meadow grass, first cut)
32 Grass (reed canarygrass)
33 Grass (ryegrass)
34 Grass (switch grass)
35 Grass (tall fescue)
36 Groundnut shells
37 Groundnut shells
38 Groundnut straw
39 Hay (meadow hay)
40 Hemp straw
41 Jute stalks
42 Maize
43 Maize (CCM corn-cob-mix)
44 Maize cobs
45 Maize husk
46 Maize stalks
47 Maize straw
48 Maize straw
49 Maize straw
50 Oil palm empty bunches
51 Oil palm empty bunches
52 Oil palm fiber
 53 Oil palm fronds
54 Oil palm shells
55 Oil seed straw
56 Potatoes
57 Potatoes
58 Potatoes
59 Rape (summer rape straw)
60 Rape (winter rape straw)
61 Rapeseed
62 Rapeseed
63 Rice husk
64 Rice husk
65 Rice straw
66 Rice straw (Thailand)
67 Rubber tree (leaves)
68 Rubber tree (wood)
69 Rye (winter rye straw)
70 Rye (winter rye straw)
71 Sorghum straw
72 Soybean stalks, leaves, shells
73 Sugar cane bagasse
74 Sugar cane top/leaves
75 Sunflower straw
76 Topinambur
77 Topinambur leaves
78 Triticale (winter triticale)
79 Triticale (winter triticale)
80
81 Wheat (summer wheat straw)
82 Wheat (winter wheat straw)
83 Wheat grains
84 Wheat straw
85 Wheat, rye, barley, other cereals (straw)
86
87 - Animal husbandry-
88
89 Buffalo manure (Thailand)
90 Cattle liquid manure (calf breeding, Germany)
91 Cattle liquid manure (calf feeding, Germany)
92 Cattle manure (dairy cow, Thailand)
93 Cattle liquid manure (dairy cow, Germany)
94 Cattle liquid manure (young cattle, Germany)
95 Cattle manure with straw
96 Cattle liquid manure (cattle feeding, Germany)
97 Cattle liquid manure (350 kg live-weight)
98 Cattle manure (Thailand)
99 Chicken liquid manure (laying hens, Germany)
100 Chicken liquid manure (chicken feeding, 750 g live-weight)
101 Chicken liquid manure (chicken feeding, Germany)
102 Chicken manure (Thailand)
103 Duck manure (Thailand)
104 Elephant manure (Thailand)
105 Pig manure (Thailand)
106 Pig liquid manure (young pigs, Germany)
107 Pig liquid manure (pig feeding / breeding, Germany)
108 Pig liquid manure (60 kg live-weight)
109 Pig liquid manure (Vietnam)
110 Turkey liquid manure (turkey feeding, Germany)
111
112 - Forestry based residues-
113
114 Beech tree growth (Germany, without bark)
115 Biomass from public park conservation
116 Biomass from public park conservation
117 Biomass from roadside maintenance, Germany
118 Logging (residues in the forest)
119 Oak tree growth (Germany, without bark)
120 Pine tree growth (Germany, without bark)
121 Plywood production residues
122 Saw milling residues (solid woods, fines/dust)
123 Spruce tree growth (Germany, without bark)
124
125 - Solid waste-
126
127 Garden & park waste/biomass, Germany 2002
128 Garden biowaste, Germany
129 Household biowaste, Germany
130 Household biowaste, Germany
131 Household biowaste, separately collected, Germany 2002
132 Household kitchen waste, Germany
133 Household waste, Germany 2002
134 Residential waste (low income country)
135 Residential waste (middle income country)
136 Residential waste (high income country)
137
138 - Industrial wastewater -
139
140 Alcoholic beverage production (Thailand)
141 Breweries (Germany)
142 Breweries (Germany)
143 Breweries (Thailand)
144 Canned food production (beans / maize, Germany)
145 Canned food production (capsicum, Germany)
146 Carcass disposal / utilisation (Germany)
147 Cassava starch production (Thailand)
148 Condensed milk production (Germany)
149 Dairy farming (Germany)
150 Fish processing (Germany)
151 Fruit juice processing + bottling (Germany)
152 Ice cream production (Germany)
153 Lemonade production (Germany)
154 Milk drying facility (Germany)
155 Mineral, spring, table water (Germany)
156 Palm oil production (Thailand)
157 Paper factory (Germany)
158 Raw milk production (Thailand)
159 Seafood processing (canned, Germany)
160 Seafood processing (fresh + frozen) (Thailand)
161 Seafood processing (fresh + frozen, Germany)
 162 Slaughterhouse (beef, Germany)
163 Slaughterhouse (pork, Germany)
164 Slaughterhouse (Thailand)
165 Soda and beverage production (Thailand)
166 Sugar production (Germany)
167 Sugar production (Thailand)

Tool 3 "Bulk density"

No Type

Tool 3 1 - Forestry based substrates-

2
3 Bark
4 - hardwood, 85% DS
5 - softwood, 85% DS
6 Pellets from wood, 85% DS
7 Sawdust, 85% DS
8 Wood
9 - Beech, 85% DS
10 - Fir, 85% DS
11 Wood chips
12 - hardwood, 85% DS
13 - softwood, 85% DS
14
15 - Agro based crop substrates-
16
17 Chaff
18 - Straw, 85% DS
19 - whole crop, 85% DS
20 Grains, 85% DS
21 Hay, 85% DS
22 Maize silage, 85% DS
23
24 - Animal husbandry-
25
26 Manure from cattle or pig, 7%DS
27
28
29
30 - Municipal and industrial waste -
31
32 Leaves
33 Pomace
34 Vegetable waste
35 Canteen waste
36 Loppings
37 Household waste
38 - collected in bag
39 - pressed in refuse collector
40
41 - Industrial wastewater-
42
43 all wastewater
 Tool 3 "Bulk density (selected value for determination of digester capacity)

No Type
1 Household waste
2 Vegetable waste
3 Loppings

Tool 4 "Characteristics of solid biogas substrates"

Type
Tool 4
1 Agro based crop substrates
2 Beet tops
3 Beet, sugar beet
4 Beet, forage beet
5 Beet
6 Clover
7 Grass
8 Grass silage
9 Grass sil. (1st. Crop, bloom)
10 Maize silage
11 Maize straw
12 Potato tops
13 Rapeseed shred
14 Wheat straw
15
16 Animal husbandry
17 Cattle manure
18 Cattle manure (with straw)
19 Chicken manure
20 Chicken manure (with straw)
21 Horse manure (with straw)
22 Pig manure
23 Pig manure (with straw)
24 Sheep manure (with straw)
25 Municipal and industrial waste
26 Animal cadaver meal
27 Biowaste
28 Cereal mash
29 Clippings (sedge)
30 Fat (from fat separators)
31 Filtration silica gel (beer)
32 Float fat
33 Flotation sludge
34 Foliage / leaves
35 Food waste
36 Fruit pulp (fresh)
37 Kitchen waste
38 Loppings
39 Market waste
40 Mash of apples
41 Mash of fruits
 42 Molasse
43 Oil seed residue (pressed)
44 Pomace of apples
45 Pomace of fruits
46 Pomace of grape
47 Potato mash
48 Potato pulp
49 Potato slop
50 Raps extraction residue
51 Rumen content (pressed)
52 Rumen content (untreated)
53 Sewage sludge (liquid)
54 Spent grains from beer
55 Grape marc (dried)
56 Stomache contents (pig)
57 Straw
58 Vegetable waste
59 Vinasse
60 Whey
61 Yard trimming

Tool 6 "COD of wastewaters"

Type

Industrial wastewater
Tool 6
1 Sugar production
2 Starch production (Potatoes)
3 Starch production (Wheat)
4 Starch production (Maize)
5 Cannery (Sauerkraut)
6 Cannery (Fruits)
7 Cannery (Vegetables)
8 Meat processing
9 Dairy
10 Fruit juice processing
11 Brewery
12 Yeast factories
13 Canteen
14 Slaughterhouse
15 Fish processing
16 Fish meal processing
17 Mash of molasse
18 Sugar production
19 Starch production (Potatoes)
20 Starch production (Wheat)
21 Starch production (Maize)
22 Cannery (Sauerkraut)

Tool 7 "Lower heat value of combustion substrates"

 Type

Tool 7 1 Algae
2 Animal cadaver meal
3 Barley straw
4 Bark
5 Cane trash
6 Cattle manure-feces
7 cereal straw
8 Coco bean shells
9 Corn straw
10 Fat (from fat separators)
11 Flax
12 Food waste (from large kitchens)
13 grass mixture
14 Hay, field, 2st crop beginning bloom
15 Hemp
16 Oat straw
17 Plant seed
18 Rape straw
19 Residual wood (common)
20 Rice husk
21 Rice straw
22 Sewage sludge
23 Wheat grain (Alcohol burnner)
24 Wood (untreated)

Tool 13 "Specific energy demand"

selection type

1 no selection
Tool 13 2 Household Vietnam (rural)
3 Household Vietnam (urban)
4 Household Germany (urban)
5 Household Thailand (rural)
6 Household Thailand (urban)

Tool 14 "Energy demand for steam production"

pressure temperature

Tool 14 1 99.6
2 120.2
3 133.5
4 143.6
5 151.8
6 158.8
7 165.0
8 170.4
 9 175.4
10 179.9
11 184.1
12 188.0
13 191.6
14 195.0
15 198.3
16 201.4
17 204.3
18 207.1
19 209.8

Tool 23 "Quantity of ash"

no type of biomass fuel

Tool 23 1 Bark (85% DS)

2 Wood chips with bark (forest)(85% DS)
3 Wood chips without bark (industrial) (85% DS)
4 Sawdust (85% DS)
5 Waste wood (85% DS)
6 Straw and cereals (85% DS)
7 Miscanthus (85% DS)
8 Household waste

Tool 24 "Reduction of CO2-emissions"

Tool 24a "Specific CO2 emissions from electricity generation"

Tool 24 no baseline

1 Average grid Vietnam

2 Average grid Germany
3 Average grid Thailand
4 Coal steam turbine
5 Natural gas (combined cycle)
6 Diesel gen-set 20% elec. eff.
7 Diesel gen-set 25% elec. eff.
8 Diesel gen-set 30% elec. eff.
9 Diesel gen-set 35% elec. eff.
10 Diesel gen-set 40% elec. eff.
11 - not applicable -

Tool 24 b "Specific CO2 emissions from supply of thermal energy"

no baseline

1 Heating 90% th. eff. (ligh fuel oil)

2 Heating 90% th. eff. (natural gas)
3 - not applicable-

1 Steam boiler 85% th. eff. (light fuel oil)

2 Steam boiler 85% th. eff. (natural gas)
3 - not applicable-
Tool 24c "Specific CO2-emissions from use of fossile fuels"
no baseline

1 Diesel
2 natural gas
3 - not applicable-

Tool 24d "Specific emissions from combustion processes"

no baseline

1 Biomass (100% biogenous carbon)

household waste (Germany)

Tool 24e "Methane emissions from solid waste disposal sites - Default Degradable organic ca

no waste stream

1 Paper and textiles

2 Garden/park waste, organic putrescibles (non food)
3 Food waste
4 Wood and straw waste

Tool 24f "Methane emissions from solid waste disposal sides - Classification of solid waste dis

no Type of site

1 Managed disposal site (recovery of landfill gas)

2 Managed disposal site (no recovery of landfill gas)
3 Unmanaged disposal site -deep (>5m waste)
4 Unmanaged disposal site -shallow (< 5m waste)

References

Ökoinstitut 2002
port System

, that are included in the Decision support system. The complete set of tools can be found in the BIWARE handbook.

Biomass combustion
Biogas process
process

+ +
(+) +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ (+)
+ +
+ +
+ (+)
- +
(+) +
(+) +
+ -
+ -
+ +
+ -
+ -
+ +
(+) +
- +
+ +
(+) +
+ (+)
+
- +
- +
- +
(+) +
(+) +
+ -
+ +
+ (+)
+ +

+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
 + -
+ -
+ -
+ -

- +

+ +
- +
+ +
+ -
+
- +
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ (+)
+ (+)
+ +
+ -
+ +
+ -
+ +
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ (+)
- +
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ (+)
+ -
+ -
+ (+)
+ (+)
+ (+)
+ +
+ -
(+) +
+ +
+ -
+ -
+ -

suitable
not suitable
limited suitability
 value unit required data

450 t DS / ha * a ha
100 t / ha * a ha
300 t DS / ha * a ha
0.7 RPR t of product
40 t / ha * a ha
3.9 t / ha * a ha
0.8 RPR t of product
0.162 RPR t of product
0.088 RPR t of product
0.9 RPR t of product
0.049 RPR t of product
0.02 t DS / tree * a # trees
0.225 RPR t of product
0.419 RPR t of product
0.362 RPR t of product
0.12 RPR t of product
0.16 RPR t of product
2.1 RPR t of product
45 t / ha * a ha
3,232 RPR t of product
2,755 RPR t of product
10 t DS / ha * a ha
12 t DS / ha * a ha
0.25 RPR t of product
0.46 RPR t of product
3-6 t DS / ha * a ha
10 - 30 t DS / ha * a ha
90 t DS / ha * a ha
80 t / ha * a ha
11 - 13 t DS / ha * a ha
7.1 - 12.7 t DS / ha * a ha
10 - 17 t DS / ha * a ha
11.4 - 13.1 t DS / ha * a ha
0.323 RPR t of product
0.477 RPR t of product
2.3 RPR t of product
45 t DS / ha * a ha
10 - 15 t / ha * harvest ha; # harvests/year
2.0 RPR t of product
540 t DS / ha * a ha
15 t / ha * a ha
0.273 RPR t of product
0.2 RPR t of product
2.0 (1.0 - 4.3) RPR t of product
1.5 RPR t of product
1.3 RPR t of product
9 t / ha * a ha
0.428 RPR t of product
0.23 RPR t of product
0.147 RPR t of product
 2.604 RPR t of product
0.049 RPR t of product
1.7 RPR t of product
0.4 RPR t of product
45 t / ha * a ha
33 - 50 t / ha * a ha
4.2 - 5.9 t / ha * a ha
5.3 - 9.1 t / ha * a ha
1.7 RPR t of product
1.9 - 2.1 RPR t of product
0.27 RPR t of product
0.23 RPR t of product
0.447 RPR t of product
1.76 RPR t of product
1.4 t / ha * a ha
2.59 t / ha * a ha
5.9 - 8.3 t / ha * a ha
1.3 - 1.5 RPR t of product
1.252 RPR t of product
2.663 RPR t of product
0.29 RPR t of product
0.3 RPR t of product
8 - 14 t / ha * a ha
0.8 - 1.4 RPR t of product
8 - 12 t / ha * a ha
6.0 - 8.4 t DS / ha * a ha
1.2 - 1.4 RPR t of product

5.5 - 8.4 t / ha * a ha
6.6 - 10.5 t / ha * a ha
8 t fresh / ha * a ha
1.1 - 1.4 RPR t of product
1.75 RPR t of product

2.92 t / animal * a # animals

2.9 m³ / animal * a # animals
1.4 m³ / animal * a # animals
5.48 m³ / animal * a # animals
19.80 m³ / animal * a # animals
9.0 m³ / animal * a # animals
9.1 - 20.1 t / animal * a # animals
8.3 m³ / animal * a # animals
10.6 - 17.5 m³ / animal * a # animals
1.83 t / animal * a # animals
0.07 m³ / animal * a # animals
0.025 - 0.027 m³ / animal * a # animals
0.035 m³ / animal * a # animals
0.011 t / animal * a # animals
0.011 t / animal * a # animals
15 t / animal * a # animals
0.44 - 0.73 t / animal * a # animals
0.7 m³ / animal * a # animals
 1.6 m³ / animal * a # animals
1.5 - 1.7 m³ / animal * a # animals
14.6 kg manure / kg live-weight * a kg live-weight
0.35 m³ / animal * a # animals

3.11 (2.54 - 3.81) t / ha * a ha

5 t / ha * a ha
1.8 - 7 t / ha * a ha
3-5 t / km * a km
1 RPR t of product
2.21 (2.09 - 3.10) t / ha * a ha
2.14 (1.82 - 2.91) t / ha * a ha
1 RPR t of product
1 RPR t of product
3.0 (2.53 - 3.44) t / ha * a ha

/a

50 kg / person * a # persons
20 - 250 kg / person * a # persons
50 - 150 kg / person * a # persons
100 kg / person * a # persons
44 kg / person * a # persons
30 - 80 kg / person * a # persons
566 kg / person * a # persons
91 - 164 kg / person * a # persons
128 - 237 kg / person * a # persons
200 - 365 kg / person * a # persons

3.4 m³ ww / t product t of product

0.4 – 1.2 m³ ww / hl product hl of product
0.25 – 0.6 m³ ww / hl product hl of product
0.41 m³ ww / hl product hl of product
14 - 27 m³ ww / t processed t processed
35 - 45 m³ ww / t processed t processed
0.9 – 1.1 m³ ww / t carcass t carcass
24.72 m³ ww / t product t of product
3-5 m³ ww / t product t of product
0.5 - 3 m³ ww / t product t of product
24 m³ ww / t fresh fish t fresh fish
0.1 - 0.4 m³ ww / hl product hl of product
4-6 m³ ww / t product t of product
1.9 m³ ww / 1000 bottles 1000 bottles
0.2 m³ ww / t product t of product
0.1 - 0.2 m³ ww / hl product hl of product
1 m³ ww / t product t of product
22 - 144 m³ ww / t product t of product
4.05 m³ ww / t product t of product
2 m³ ww / t product t of product
31.14 m³ ww / t product t of product
8 m³ ww / t product t of product
0.6 – 9.6 m³ ww / animal # animals
0.3 – 0.4 m³ ww / animal # animals
74.54 m³ ww / t product t of product
9.3 m³ ww / t product t of product
0.5 – 1.0 m³ ww / t beets t of beets
11.82 m³ ww / t product t of product

Value Reference

460 Kaltschmitt, 2001

310 Kaltschmitt, 2001

260 Kaltschmitt, 2001

195 Kaltschmitt, 2001

320 Kaltschmitt, 2001

205 Kaltschmitt, 2001
170 Kaltschmitt, 2001
600 Kaltschmitt, 2001

100.16 Kaltschmitt, 2001

85, 140 Kaltschmitt, 2001

65 Kaltschmitt, 2001
150 Kaltschmitt, 2001
760 Kaltschmitt, 2001

1000

50-100 Thomé-Kozmiensky, 1995

900-950 Thomé-Kozmiensky, 1995
450-600 Thomé-Kozmiensky, 1995
800-1000 Thomé-Kozmiensky, 1995
30-200 Thomé-Kozmiensky, 1995

90-120 Thomé-Kozmiensky, 1995

350-550 Thomé-Kozmiensky, 1995

1000
n of digester capacity)

Value Reference
120-350 Thomé-Kozmiensky, 1995
450-600 Thomé-Kozmiensky, 1995
30-200 Thomé-Kozmiensky, 1995

Methane yield [m3

DS [%] oDS [% of DS] CH4/kg oDS]

16-17 75-80 0,3-0,83

23 90-95 0,42-0,46
16 85 0.48
12-15 75-85 0,33-0,45
20 80 0,26-0,5
15 80 0,17-0,33
21-54 76-95 0,3-0,6
35 89.8 0.3
20-35 85-96 0,22-0,5
86 72 0,6-0,7
25 79 0,17-0,6
91 0,4-0,9
86 92 0,12-0,19

6-17 72-90 0,1-0,35

12-40 65-85 0,13-0,46
10-34 70-80 0,19-0,72
20-32 63-80 0,15-0,29
28 25-75 0,12-0,4
3-13 52-86 0,18-0,64
20-25 75-82 0,16-0,27
25-30 80 0,05-0,5

8-25 90 0,5-0,8
40-75 30-70 0,09-0,6
6-10 83-90 0,26-0,6
30-37 91-94 0,48-0,5
2-70 75-98 0,36-1,0
30 6 0,3-0,35
3-35 95-98 0,7-0,8
5-24 80-98 0,58-0,78
30-85 75-85 0,13-0,4
9-40 50-98 0,12-1,0
13 90 0,39-0,45
9-37 75-98 0,5-0,6
12-90 25-92 0,29-0,58
5-25 76-90 0,25-0,37
2-3 95 0.33
2-7 85-95 0,24-042
 80-90 85-95 0,26-0,35
92 97 0,58-0,62
25-45 85-90 0,3-0,45
22-50 60-95 0,3-0,48
40-50 80-95 0,42-0,45
6-15 81-95 0,24-0,55
12-16 90-94 0,24-0,55
12-15 90 0,24-0,55
86-93 90-94 0,4-0,6
20-45 80-90 0,6-0,7
11-19 80-94 0,12-0,4
3-8 40-70 0,31 (0,19-0,44)
15-25 70-95 0,3-0,7
97 90 0,5-0,55
11-19 75-88 0,16-0,3
60-90 70-85 0,15-0,2
5-25 75-90 0,2-0,66
63-75 53 xx
80-95 80-95 0,3-0,6
15-75

COD [mg/l]

7.500-10.000
5,700
21.750-52.500
8.000-30.000
15.000-85.000
4.000-5.700
700-9.000
1.000-6.000
700-2.900
3.000-6.000
1.800-3.000
5.000-25.000
1.800-26.500
1.000-6.000
3.000-4.350
1.280-9.400
15.000-176.000
7.500-10.000
5,700
21.750-52.500
8.000-30.000
15.000-85.000
Lower heat value
[kJ/kg DS] Water content [%] DS [%]

18.321 - 24.901 83-50 17-50

20,000 75-92 8 - 15
17,500 14 86
18.000-19.500 5 - 15 85-95
17,266 6,5-8 92-93,5
14,051 12,8-15 85-87.2
14.000 - 17.200 5 - 15 85-95
18,000 4-5 95-96
15,000 5 - 10 90-95
37,229 30-98 2 - 70
17,270 7 -8 92-93
12.000-17.000 40-70 30-60
16.300 - 17.100 5 - 10 90-95
14.100 - 17.600 2-6 94-98
16.456 - 17.300 8 -12 88-92
17,011 2-6 94-98
14.500 - 24.500 2 -10 90-98
15.000 - 15.800 2-5 95-98
11.600 - 12.300 15-40 60-85
14,557 5 - 15 85-95
14,920 2-6 94-98
14,031 30-70 30-70
17,039 2-5 95-98
17.500 – 18.500 10 - 50 50-90

specific demand unit unit

600 - 800 kWh/a number

800 - 1.000 kWh/a number
1.200 - 3.000 kWh/a number
700 - 750 kWh/a number
900 - 1.000 kWh/a number

kWh/kg kWh/Mg

0.714 714
0.723 723
0.728 728
0.731 731
0.734 734
0.736 736
0.738 738
0.740 740
 0.741 741
0.742 742
0.743 743
0.744 744
0.745 745
0.745 745
0.746 746
0.746 746
0.747 747
0.747 747
0.748 748

ash content [% DS] Reference

4-7 Loo, v.A.; Koppejan, J.: Handbook biomass (2003)

1-2 Loo, v.A.; Koppejan, J.: Handbook biomass (2003)
0,7-1,2 Loo, v.A.; Koppejan, J.: Handbook biomass (2003)
0,4-0,9 Loo, v.A.; Koppejan, J.: Handbook biomass (2003)
2,5-10 Loo, v.A.; Koppejan, J.: Handbook biomass (2003)
3,5-10 Loo, v.A.; Koppejan, J.: Handbook biomass (2003)
1,7-7 Loo, v.A.; Koppejan, J.: Handbook biomass (2003)
Loo, v.A.; Koppejan, J.: Handbook biomass (2003)

g CO2/kWh Specification Reference

340 Cogen3
650 GEMIS
691 Cogen3
1180 Cogen3
500 42% electrical efficiency Cogen3
1,320 Cogen3
1,056 Cogen3
928 Cogen3
669 Cogen3
505 Cogen3
0

rmal energy"
g CO2/kWh Specification Reference

296 BIWARE
223 BIWARE
0

313 BIWARE
236 BIWARE
0
 g CO2/kWh Specification Reference

266 Bundeseinheitliche Liste

201 Bundeseinheitliche Liste
0

kg CO2/t (fossile) Specification Reference

0
356 Öko-Institut (2002)
38% fossil carbon content,
only direct process emissions
are included

sal sites - Default Degradable organic carbon (DOC) values for major waste streams"
Per cent DOC (by
weight) Reference Comment

40 IPCC Guideline
17 IPCC Guideline
15 IPCC Guideline
30 IPCC Guideline excluding lignin C

al sides - Classification of solid waste disposal site (SWDS) and methane correction factor"
Methane correction
factor Reference Comment

1 IPCC Guideline
1 IPCC Guideline
0.8 IPCC Guideline
0.4 IPCC Guideline
ound in the BIWARE handbook.
 Reference

[CARMEN e.V., 2004]

[top agrar, 2002]
[CARMEN e.V., 2004]
[Kaltschmitt, 2001]
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[IE, 2002]
[Koopmans, 1998]
[KMUTT]
[IE, 2002]
[KMUTT]
[Koopmans, 1998]
[KMUTT]
[Bhattacharya, 1993]
[KMUTT]
[Bhattacharya, 1993]
[KMUTT]
[Koopmans, 1998]
[top agrar, 2002]
[KMUTT]
[Koopmans, 1998]
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[IE, 2002]
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[Koopmans, 1998]
[CARMEN e.V., 2004]
[top agrar, 2002]
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[Koopmans, 1998]
[Koopmans, 1998]
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[Kaltschmitt, 2001]
[KMUTT]
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[KMUTT]
[KMUTT]
[KMUTT]
[IE, 2002]
[IE, 2002]
[top agrar, 2002]
[Kaltschmitt, 2001]
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[IE, 2002]
[Kaltschmitt, 2001]
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[KMUTT]
[KMUTT]
[Koopmans, 1998]
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[KMUTT]
[KMUTT]
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[Kaltschmitt, 2001]

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[Kaltschmitt, 2001]
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[KMUTT]
[Wetter]
[Wetter]
[KMUTT]
[Wetter]
[Wetter]
[IZES, 2002]
[Wetter]
[IZES, 2002] + [Wetter]
[KMUTT]
[Wetter]
[IZES, 2002] + [Wetter]
[Wetter]
[KMUTT]
[KMUTT]
[KMUTT]
[KMUTT]
[Wetter]
[Wetter]
[IZES, 2002] + [Wetter]
[CTU, 2004]
[Wetter]

[Kaltschmitt, 2001]
[IE, 2002]
[Kaltschmitt, 2001]
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[IZES, 2002]
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[World Bank, 2004]

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[ATV, 2000] S. 331
[KMUTT]
[Pöppinghaus, 1994]
[Pöppinghaus, 1994]
[Pöppinghaus, 1994]
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[Pöppinghaus, 1994]
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[KMUTT]
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[KMUTT]
[ATV, 2000]
[Pöppinghaus, 1994]
[Pöppinghaus, 1994]
[KMUTT]
[KMUTT]
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[KMUTT]
rection factor"