“HOMEMADE WATER PURIFIER”

(PROJECT REPORT, SEMESTER FALL-2018)

SUBMISSION DATE (MAY 25, 2019)
BY
HAMZA KALEEM BUTT (15251510-023)
WAQAR GONDAL (15251510-012)
SHERAZ AHMED (15251510-044)
FARHAN HASHMI (15251510-046)
HASSAN JAMIL (15251510-049)
MOHEEB ULLAH (15251510-050)
PHYS-420 (INTRODUCTION TO NANOSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY)
BS HONORS IN PHYSICS (8TH SEMESTER)
SUBMITTED TO
DR. TAHIR IQBAL AWAN
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Homemade water purifier

Water purification

Water cleaning is the way toward expelling unfortunate synthetic

concoctions, organic contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from water. The objective is to
create water fit for explicit purposes. Most water is refined and sanitized for human utilization
(drinking water), yet water decontamination may likewise be completed for an assortment of
different purposes, including medicinal, pharmacological, concoction, and mechanical
applications. The strategies utilized incorporate physical procedures, for example, filtration,
sedimentation, and refining; organic procedures, for example, moderate sand filters or
organically dynamic carbon; compound procedures, for example, flocculation and chlorination;
and the utilization of electromagnetic radiation, for example, bright light. Water cleansing may
diminish the centralization of particulate issue including suspended particles, parasites,
microscopic organisms, green growth, infections, and parasites just as lessen the grouping of a
scope of broke up and particulate issue. The benchmarks for drinking water quality are
commonly set by governments or by worldwide principles. These principles more often than
exclude least and most extreme groupings of contaminants, contingent upon the expected
utilization of the water. Visual assessment can't decide whether water is of proper quality.
Straightforward strategies, for example, bubbling or the utilization of a family unit enacted
carbon channel are not adequate for treating every single imaginable contaminant that might be
available in water from an obscure source. Indeed, even regular spring water – thought about
safe for every commonsense reason in the nineteenth century – should now be tried before
figuring out what sort of treatment, assuming any, is required. Substance and microbiological
investigation, while costly, are the best way to acquire the data fundamental for settling on the
suitable technique for cleansing.

Motivation:

The main objective of our project is to make water purifier at home to remove
undesirable contaminants from water like nitrides, fluorides, inorganic compounds etc that cause
different diseases. The reason we choose this method is that it is one of the simplest, cheapest
and most effective method to purify water as other methods to purify water are expensive and are
not as much effective.

Comparison with other methods:

i) Activated Carbon:
Activated carbon or activated charcoal has pores on its surface
water that has to be purified is passed through it and it significantly removes lead and mercury
elements from water but it is not effective in removing inorganic compounds that’s why this
technique is not so effective.

ii) Distillation:

In water distillation water is vaporized by heating and then

condensed back to liquid form in another container this method is suitable for removing
minerals, microorganisms and chemicals having higher boiling point, but this method is not
effective in removing chlorine and other volatile organic chemicals.

iii) Ion Exchange:

Ion exchange method uses a resin to replace harmful ions with less
effective ions. It replaces calcium and magnesium ions with sodium ions. This method is useful
to soften water but its disadvantage is that resin has to be regularly recharged with effective
replacement ions.

iv) UV Filtration:

UV filtration removes bacteria and other viruses by attacking their

DNA but this method is only used for removing bacteria and viruses from water it does not
remove other dangerous chemicals and compounds from water.

v) Reverse Osmosis:

In reverse Osmosis method water is passed through semi

permeable membrane to stop lager molecules in water but this method only stops molecules
larger than water, chlorine can not be removed by this method and this method.
Components Of Our Set Up;

Empty bottle
Cotton
Charcoal(paste)
Natural send
2 containers medium and large size
Silicon gun
Water tap
Experimental Set Up:
Working:

First, we take an empty bottle and made hole on the bottom of bottle. The we put a
layer pf cotton inside the bottle and after cotton put pasted charcoal and after charcoal made a
layer of sand and on the top put cotton and tight the cap of bottle and made hole on the cap. Then
take two container one is large and other one is medium. Fit the bottle in medium container and
hang it in large container. After that filled the medium container with water and water will be
purify passing through bottle and we get pure water.

Common Elements Removed with Filtered Water:

•Arsenic: Tap water can contain risky dimensions of arsenic, a cancer-causing that has been
connected malignant growth.

•Aluminum: Municipal water that is unfiltered and has aluminum, a metal that has been
connected to Alzheimer's illness, hyperactivity, learning handicaps in kids, skin issues, liver
diseases.
•Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs): DBPs are destructive components that come about because
of purifying water with chlorine, an incredible cancer-causing.

•Fluoride: While fluoride is generally connected with improving oral wellbeing, it can really
cause a wide scope of medical issues, for example, a debilitated resistant framework and cell
harm that quickens maturing.

Advantages of pure water:

 Drinking water is fundamental to your wellbeing.

 Filtered water is more reasonable than filtered water.
 Filtered water is more advantageous than refined water, soluble water, and "nutrient"
waters.
 Filtered water tastes superior to anything faucet water.
 Filtered water shields the body from illness and prompts in general better wellbeing.
 Filtered water expels cryptosporidium and giardia from drinking water lessening the
danger of gastrointestinal infection by over 33%.
 Filtered water is significant for youngsters' creating safe frameworks.
 Water channels are the last line of guard between the body and more than 2,000 known
poisons that your districts may not be taking out.
 Filtered Water improves skin hydration

Results of Laboratory Testing:

Results and Discussion:

We have to filter water by our set up of water purifier we took

different samples of water i.e. i) Tap Water ii) Boiled water iii) Mud Water iv) Single layer filter.
According to laboratory results we achieved our desired results Tap water; Boiled water and
Mud water are purified properly and are fir to drink by our set up only single layer filter water is
not fit to drink on the basic of parameters tested. Overall our setup is good enough to purify
water on lower levels

References:

 https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/water_purification.htm
 https://www.drinkmorewater.com/water-purification-methods
 https://www.schultzsoftwater.com/blog/4-methods-to-purify-your-water
 https://theberkey.com/blogs/water-filter/181722695-why-purifying-water-the-
importance-of-water-purification
 https://biologydictionary.net/filtration/
 https://science.lovetoknow.com/science-fair-projects/homemade-water-filter-science-
project
 http://filterbutler.com/blog/make-homemade-water-filter/
 https://www.pinterest.com/pin/423338433703225255/
 https://learn.allergyandair.com/water-filters/