With Pic. - Shop Practice With Electrical Code The Philippine Electrical Code PDF

Shop Practice with Electrical Code:
The Philippine Electrical Code
Jayson Bryan E. Mutuc, REE, RME

BSEE-PUP
MSEE, Major in Power Systems -MIT (candidate)
1
The Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) is written for persons who
understand electrical terms, theory, safety procedures, and
electrical trade practices.
Learning to use the PEC is somewhat like learning to play the

game of chess; it’s a great game if you enjoy mental warfare.
2
In the electrical world, this is equivalent to completing a
comprehensive course on basic electrical theory, such as:
• What electricity is and how is it produced

• Dangers of electrical potential: fire, arc blast, arc fault, and
electric shock
• Direct current
• Series and parallel circuits
• Electrical formulas
• Alternating current
• Induction, motors, generators, and transformers
3
PEC Terms and Concepts
The PEC contains many technical terms, so it’s crucial that
Code users understand their meanings and their
applications. Be sure you understand that Article 100 denes
the terms that apply to two or more Articles.
Example: “Dwelling Unit”
If you do not know what a Dwelling Unit is, how can you
possibly apply the Code requirements for it?
4
Small Words
It’s not only the technical words that require close
attention, because even the simplest of words can
make a big difference to the intent of a rule.
The word “or” can imply alternate choices for

equipment wiring methods, while “and” can mean an
additional requirement.
5
Slang Terms or Technical Jargons
Electricians, engineers, and other trade-related
professionals use slang terms or technical jargon that
isn’t shared by all.
For example, lots of electricians use the term “pigtail”

when describing the short conductor for the
connection of a receptacle, switch, luminaire, or
equipment. Although they may understand it, not
everyone does.
6
Pigtail
7
PEC Style and Layout
The Philippine Electrical Code is organized into eight
components
• Table of Contents
• Chapters 1 through 9 (major categories)
• Articles 90 through 830 (individual subjects)
• Sections and Tables (Code requirements)
• Exceptions (Code permissions)
• Fine Print Notes (explanatory material)
• Index
• Annexes (information)
8
Table of Contents
The Table of Contents displays the layout of the Chapters,
Articles, and Parts as well as the page numbers.
When attempting to locate the rules for a particular situation,

knowledgeable Code users often go first to the Table of Contents
to quickly find the specific NEC section that applies.
9
Chapters
There are nine Chapters, each of which is divided into Articles. The
Articles fall into one of four groupings: General Requirements
(Chapters 1 through 4), Specific Requirements (Chapters 5 through 7),
Communications Systems (Chapter 8), and Tables (Chapter 9).
• Chapter 1 General
• Chapter 2 Wiring and Protection
• Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials
• Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use
• Chapter 5 Special Occupancies
• Chapter 6 Special Equipment
• Chapter 7 Special Conditions
• Chapter 8 Communications Systems (Telephone, Data, Satellite, and Cable TV)
• Chapter 9 Tables—Conductor and Raceway Specifications
10
Articles
The NEC contains approximately 140 Articles, each of which
covers a specific subject. For example:
• Article 1.1 Definitions

• Article 2.50 Grounding and Bonding
• Article 3.0 Wiring Methods
• Article 4.30 Motors
• Article 5.0 Hazardous (Classified) Locations
• Article 6.80 Swimming Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs, and Fountains
• Article 7.25 Remote-Control, Signaling, and Power-Limited Circuits
• Article 8.0 Communications Systems
11
Sections and Tables
Sections:
Each PEC rule is called a Code Section. A Code Section may be broken
down into subsections by letters in parentheses (A), (B), etc. Numbers
in parentheses (1), (2), etc., may further break down a subsection, and
lower-case letters (a), (b), etc., further breaks the rule down to the
third level.
For example, the rule requiring all receptacles in a dwelling unit

bathroom to be GFCI protected is contained in Section 2.10.1.8(b)(1).
Section 2.10.1.8(b)(1) is located in Chapter 2, Article 2.10, Section 1.8,
subsection (b), sub-subsection (1).
12
Sections and Tables
Tables:
Many Code requirements are contained within Tables, which are
lists of NEC requirements placed in a systematic arrangement.
Many times notes are provided in a table; be sure to read them

as well, since they are also part of the requirement.
For example, Note 1 for Table 3.0.1.5 explains how to measure

the cover when burying cables and raceways, and Note 5
explains what to do if solid rock is encountered.
13
Exceptions
Exceptions are Code requirements that provide an alternative
method to a specific requirement.
• Mandatory Exception: A mandatory exception uses the words

“shall” or “shall not.” The word “shall” in an exception means
that if you’re using the exception, you’re required to do it in a
particular way. The term “shall not” means it isn’t permitted.
• Permissive Exception: A permissive exception uses words such

as “is permitted,” which means that it’s acceptable to do it in
this way.
14
Fine Print Note, Index, Annexes
Fine Print Note (FPN).
A Fine Print Note contains explanatory material intended to
clarify a rule or give assistance, but it isn’t a Code requirement.
Index.
The Index contained in the NEC is excellent and is helpful in
locating a specific rule.
Annexes.
Annexes aren’t a part of the NEC requirements, and are included
in the Code for informational purposes only.
15
How to locate specific requirement?
How to go about finding what you’re looking for in the Code
depends, to some degree, on your experience with the PEC.
Code experts typically know the requirements so well that they
just go to the PEC rule without any outside assistance. The Table
of Contents might be the only thing very experienced Code users
need to locate their requirement. On the other hand, average
Code users should use all of the tools at their disposal, and that
includes the Table of Contents and the Index.
16
Shop Practice with Electrical
Code: Introduction to PEC
BSEE-PUP
1
Article 1.0 Introduction
1.0.1.1 Purpose of the PEC (p.1)
(a) Practical Safeguarding. The purpose of this Code is the
practical safeguarding of persons and property from hazards
arising from the use of electricity
(b) Adequacy. This Code contains provisions that are

considered minimum requirements necessary from safety.
2
3
(c)Intention (p.1)
This code is intended for the exclusive use of licensed
electrical practitioners (PEE, REE, and RME). This codeis not
intended as a design specification nor an instructional manual
for a non-licensed electrical practitioner, unless under a
supervision of a licensed electrical practitioner.
4
Scope of the PEC (1.0.1.2) (p.2)
(A) covered
This code covers the
installation of electrical
conductors, equipment, and
raceways; monitoring,
signaling, and communications
conductors, equipment and
raceways; and optical fiber cables and raceways installed within
or on, to or from:
5
2) Electric Generating Plants
3) Industrial Plants
4) Transformer Stations
5) Permanent and temporary
substations, etc.
6) Airfield
7) Railway switchyards
8) Yards, carnival parks,
parking and other lots
Etc.
6
(b) Not Covered
(1) Installation in railway rolling stock, aircraft or
automotive vehicles.
(2) Installation of railways for generation, transformation,
transmission, or distribution of power used exclusively for
operation of rolling stock
7
1.0.1.4 Enforcement (p.3)
(a) This code is intended for
mandatory application by
government bodies exercising
legal jurisdiction over
electrical installation.
The enforcement of the PEC is the

responsibility of the authority
having jurisdiction (AHJ), who is
responsible for interpreting
requirements, approving
equipment and materials, waiving
Code requirements, and ensuring
that equipment is installed in
accordance with listing
instructions.
8
1.0.1.4 Enforcement
Approval of Equipment and
Materials. Only the
authority having jurisdiction
has authority to approve the
installation of equipment
and materials. Typically, the
authority having jurisdiction
will approve equipment
listed by a product testing
organization, but the PEC
doesn’t require all
equipment to be listed.
9
1.0.1.7 Examination of Equipment
Safety (p.4)
Product evaluation for
safety is typically performed
by a testing laboratory,
which publishes a list of
equipment that meets a
nationally recognized test
standard. Products and
materials listed, labeled, or
identified by a testing
laboratory are generally
approved by the authority
having jurisdiction.
10
Article 1.2 – Permits and Inspection
Certificates
1.2.1 Electrical Permits (p.25)
1.2.1.1 Electrical Permit Needed Before Work is Started
Installation Work,
Alternation, Repair
or Extension
Buildings, mobile Office of the
homes or other Local Building
Secure Electrical premises Official
Permit
Martime Industry
Watercraft Authority
(MARINA)
11
1.2.1 Electrical Permits
1.2.1.2 Requirements for Electrical Permit
(a) The electrical Permit shall include the minimum following
information
1. Applicant
2. Professional Electrical Engineer who signed and
sealed electrical plans and specifications.
3. Licensed Electrical Practitioner who is in charge of
electrical works.
4. Building Owner
5. Lot Owner
6. Building Official
(b) Five sets of complete electrical plans and specifications
signed and sealed by Professional Electrical Engineer
12
1.2.1 Electrical Permits
1.2.1.3 (b) Electrical Permit to be Issued Immediately (p.26)
If the project is extensive and requires more time for checking of
requirements, the Issuance of the Electrical Permit need not be issued
immediately. The delay shall not be longer than five (5) working days, after
which time, the application together with the accompanying plans shall be
considered as complying with all the requirements and the electrical permit
shall be issued thereafter.
1.2.1.4 Posting of Electrical Permit

A copy of the Electrical Permit upon issuance, shall be posted at a
conspicuous location at the job site and shall not have removed until final
inspection and approval of the work shall have been made.
13
1.2.2 Electrical Inspection
1.2.2.1 Application for Inspection
An application for inspection shall be filed with the government
authority concerned before a preliminary and/or final inspection is done.
1.2.2.2 Certificate of Inspection

No electrical installation, alternation,
and/or addition shall be connected or
reconnected to any power supply or any other
source of electrical energy without a Certificate
of Final Electrical Inspection/Completion
obtained from the local building official signed by their respective licensed
electrical practitioner
14
Requirements for Electrical
Installation Part 1
BSEE-PUP
1
Article 1.10 – Requirements for
Electrical Installation
Article 1.10 sets the stage for how you’ll implement the rest of
the PEC. This article contains a few of the most important and
yet neglected parts of the Code. For example:
• How should conductors be terminated?

• What kinds of warnings, markings, and identification does a
given installation require?
• What’s the right working clearance for a given installation?
• What do the temperature limitations at terminals mean?
• What are the PEC requirements for dealing with flash
protection?
2
1.10.1.1 Scope
This article covers general requirements for the
examination and approval, installation and use, access to and
spaces about electrical conductors and equipment, enclosures
intended for personnel entry and tunnel installations
3
1.10.1.2 Approval (p.35)
The conductors and
equipment required or
permitted by this code
shall be accepted if only
approved.
4
1.10.1.3 Examination, Identification,
Installation and Use of Equipment (p.35-
36)
(1) Suitability for installation and use in

accordance with the PEC
(2) Mechanical strength and durability
(3) Wire-bending and connection space
(4) Electrical insulation
(5) Heating effects under all conditions of
use
(6) Arcing effects
(7) Classification by type, size, voltage,
current capacity, and specific use
(8) Other factors contributing to the
practical safeguarding of persons using or
in contact with the equipment
5
1.10.1.3(b) Installation
and Use. Listed or Labeled
equipment shall be
installed and used in
accordance with any
instructions included in
the listing and labeling
6
Failure to follow product
listing instructions, such
as the torquing of
terminals and the sizing of
conductors, is a violation
of this Code rule.
7
1.10.1.14 Electrical
Connections (p.39)
Conductor terminal and

splicing devices must be
identified for the
conductor material and
they must be properly
installed and used
8
1.10.1.14 (A) Terminals
(p.39)
Conductor terminals must

ensure a good connection
without damaging the
conductors and must be
made by pressure
connectors (including set
screw type) or splices to
flexible leads.
9
1.10.1.14 (A) Terminals
10
1.10.1.14 (B) Splices
11
1.10.1.14 (B) Splicing
12
1.10.1.14 (B) Splicing
13
1.10.1.14 (C) Temperature
limitations.
The temperature rating
associated with the
ampacity of a conductor
shall be selected and
coordinated so as not to
exceed the lowest
temperature rating of any
connected termination,
conductor, or device.
14
1.10.1.14 (C) (1)(a)
Equipment provisions (p.40)
Termination provisions of
equipment for circuits rated
100 amperes or less, or
marked for 2.0 mm2 (1.6
mm dia) through 38 mm2
conductor, shall be used
only for one of the
following:
1) Conductors rated 60
degrees celcius
15
1.10.1.14 (C) (1)(a) (3)
Conductors with higher
temperature ratings if the
equipment is listed and
identified for use with
such conductors.
16
1.10.1.14 (C) (1)(b)
Termination provisions of equipment
for circuits rated over 100 amperes,
or marked for condcutors larger than
38mm2 shall be used only for one of
the following:
1. Conductors rated 75OC
2. Conductors with higher
temperature ratings, provided
the ampacity such conductors
does not exceed 75OC ampacity
of the conductor size used, or
up to their ampacity if the
equipment is listed and
identified for use with such
conductors
17
1.10.1.16 Flash Protection
(p.41)
Electrical equipments that are
likely to require examination
adjustment, servicing, or
maintenance while energized
shall be field mark to warn
licensed electrical practitioner
or non licensed electrical
practitioner under supervison
of a licensed electrical
practitioner of potential
electric arc flash hazards.
18
1.10.1.22 Identification of
Disconnecting Means (p.42)
Each disconnecting means
shall be legibly marked to
indicate its purpose unless
located and arranged so the
purpose is evident. The
marking shall be sufficient
durability to withstand the
environment involved.
19
Requirements for Electrical
Installation Part 2
BSEE-PUP
1
Article 1.10 – Requirements for Electrical
Installation Part 2 600V, NOMINAL, OR LESS
1.10.2.1 Spaces About Electrical Equipment (p.42)
For the purpose of safe operation and maintenance of
equipment, access and working space must be provided about all
electrical equipment.
(a) Working Space

Equipment that may need examination adjustment,
servicing or maintenance while energized must have working space
provided in accordance with (1),(2), and (3):
(1) Depth of Working Space

The working space which is measured from the enclosure front
must not be less than the distance contained in Table 1.10.2.1(a)(1)
2
Table 1.10.2.1(a)(1) Working Spaces
Nominal Minimum Clear Distance (mm)
Voltage to
Condition 1 Condition 2 Condition 3
Ground
0 – 150 900 900 900
151 - 600 900 1000 1200
Condition 1 – Exposed live parts on one side of the

working space and no live or grounded parts on the other
side of the working space, or exposed live parts on both
sides of the working space that are effectively guarded by
insulating material.
Condition 2 – Exposed live parts on one side of the
working space and grounded parts on the others side of
the working space. Concrete, brick, or tile walls shall be
considered as grounded
Condition 3 - Exposed live parts on both sides of the
working space
3
a. Dead-Front Assemblies
Working space shall not be
required in the back or sides of
assemblies, such as dead-front
switchboards or motor control
centers, where all connections and
all renewable or adjustable parts,
such as fuses or switches, are
accessible from locations other than
the back or sides.
4
b. Low Voltage
By special permission,
smaller working spaces shall be
permitted where all exposed live
parts operate at not greater than 30
volts rms, 42 volts peak or 60 volts
dc
5
(2) Width of Working Space (p.44)
The width of the working
space in front of the electric
equipment shall be the width of the
equipment or 750mm, which ever is
greater. In all cases, the work space
shall permit at least a 90 degree
opening of equipment doors or
hinged panels
6
7
(3) Height of Working Space (p.44)
The work space shall be clear and extend from the grade,
floor, or platform to the height required by 1.10.2.1(e) [2000
mm]. Within the height requirements of this section, other
equipment that is associated with the electrical installation and
is located above or below electrical equipment shall be
permitted to extend not more than 150 mm beyond the front of
the electrical equipment.
8
9
(b) Clear Spaces (p.44)
Working space is required
by this section shall not be used for
storage. When normally enclosed
live parts are exposed for inspection
or servicing, the working space. If in
passageway or general open space,
shall be suited guarded.
10
(c) Entrance to Working Space (p.44-
45)
(1) Minimum Required. At
least one entrance sufficient area
shall be provided to give access to
working space about.
(2) Large Equipment . For
equipment rated 1200 amperes or
more that contains overcurrent
devices, switching devices, or control
devices, there shall be one entrance
to the required working space not
less than 600 mm wide and 2000
mm high at each end of the working
space.
11
a. Unobstructed Exit. (p.45)
Where the location permits
a continuous and unobstructed way
of exit travel, a single entrance to the
working shall be permitted.
b. Extra Working Space. (p.45)
Where the depth of the
working space is twice, a single
entrance shall be permitted. It shall
be located so that the distance from
the equipment to the nearest edge
of the entrance is not less than the
minimum clear distance.
12
(d) Illumination (p.45)
Illumination shall be provided for all
working spaces about service
equipment, switchboards,
panelboards, or motor control
centers installed doors. The
illumination shall not be controlled
by automatic means only.
13
(f) Dedicated Equipment Space (p.45)
All switch boards, panelboards,
distribution boards, and motor control
centers shall be located in dedicated space
and protected from damage.
(1) indoor (p.46)
a. Dedicated Electrical Space. The
space equal to the width and depth of the
equipment and extending from the floor to
a height of 1800 mm above the equipment
or to the structural ceiling, whichever is
lower, shall be dedicated to electrical
installation. No piping, ducts, leak
protection apparatus, or other equipment
foreign to the electrical installation shall be
located in this zone.
14
b. Foreign Systems. (p.46)
The area above the
dedicated space shall be permitted
to contain foreign systems, provided
protection is installed to avoid
damage to the electrical equipment
from condensation, leaks or breaks
in such foreign systems
15
Locked Electrical Equipment Rooms
or Enclosures.
Electrical equipment rooms
and enclosures housing electrical
equipment can be controlled by locks
because they are still considered to
be accessible to qualified persons
who require access
16
Wiring Materials

BSEE-PUP
1
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and
Materials
Article 3.42 INTERMEDIATE METAL CONDUIT:
Type IMC Intermediate metal conduit
(IMC) is a steel tubing heavier than EMT
but lighter than RMC. It may be threaded.
3.42.2.11 Size
(a) Minimum. IMC smaller than raceway size 15 mm shall not be used.
(b) Maximum. IMC larger than raceway size 100 mm shall not be used
3.42.3.1 Marking
Each length shall be clearly and durably marked at least every 1500
mm with the letters IMC. Each length shall be marked as required in 1.10.1.21
2
Materials
Article 3.44 RIGID METAL CONDUIT:
RMC is generally made of steel (ferrous)
with protective coatings or aluminum
(non ferrous). Special use types are silicon
bronze and stainless steel
3.44.2.11 Size
(a) Minimum. RMC smaller than raceway size 15 mm shall not be
used.
(b) Maximum. RMC larger than raceway size 150 mm shall not be used
3.44.3.1 Marking
Each length shall be clearly and durably marked at least every 3000
mm as required in the first sentence of 1.10.1.21. Non ferrous conduit of
corrosion-resistant material shall have suitable markings
3
Materials
Article 3.52 RIGID NONMETALLIC CONDUIT:
Rigid nonmetallic conduit (RNC) is a
non-metallic unthreaded smooth-walled
tubing.
3.52.2.11 Size
(a) Minimum. RNC smaller than raceway size 15 mm shall not be used.
(b) Maximum. RNC larger than raceway size 150 mm shall not be used
3.52.3.21 Marking
Each length of RNC shall be clearly and durably marked at least every
3000 mm as required in the first sentence of 1.10.1.21.
4
Materials
Article 3.58 ELECTRICAL METALLIC TUBING
An unthreaded thinwall raceway of circular cross
section. EMT is generally made of steel (ferrous)
with protective coatings or aluminum (nonferrous)
3.58.2.11 Size
(a) Minimum. EMT smaller than raceway size 15 mm shall not be used.
(b) Maximum. EMT larger than raceway size 100 mm shall not be used
3.58.3.21 Marking
EMT shall be clearly and durably marked at least every 3000 mm as
required in the first sentence of 1.10.1.21.
5
Materials
Article 3.62 ELECTRICAL NONMETALLIC TUBING
A nonmetallic pliable corrugated raceway of circular
cross section. ENT is composed of material that is
Resistant to moisture and chemical atmosphere and is
flame retardant
3.62.2.11 Size
(a) Minimum. ENT smaller than raceway size 15 mm shall not be used.
(b) Maximum. ENT larger than raceway size 50 mm shall not be used
3.62.3.21 Marking
ENT shall be clearly and durably marked at least every 3000 mm as
required in the first sentence of 1.10.1.21.
6
Same Provisions
Same Provisions of IMC, RMC, RNC, Bushings (IMC, RMC, RNC, ENT).
EMT, ENT Where a conduit eneters a box,
fitting, or other enclosure, a bushing
Bends – Number in one run. There shall be provided to protect the wire
shall not be more than the from abrasion unless the design of
equivalent of four quarter bends the box, fitting enclosure is afford
(360 degrees total) between pull equivalent protection.
points, for example, conduit bodies,
and boxes.
7
Same Provisions
Securing and Supporting. IMC, RMC,
RNC, EMT, ENT shall be securely
fastened within 900 mm of each
outlet box, junction box, device box,
conduit body, or other conduit
termination.
For IMC and RMC fastening shall be
permitted to be increased to a
distance of 1500 mm where
structural members do not readily
permit fastening within 900 mm
EMT and IMC support intervals
8
Same Provisions
Table 3.44.2.21 (b) (2) Supports for Table 3.52.2.21 (b) Supports for
Rigid Metal Conduit Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit (RNC)
Conduit Size Maximum Distance Conduit Size Maximum Spacing
(mm) Between Rigid Metal (mm) Between Supports
Conduit Supports (mm)
(mm)
15-25 900
15-20 3000
25 3600
32-50 1500
32-40 4200 65-80 1800
50-65 4800 90-125 2100
80 and larger 6000 150 2400
9
Auxiliary Gutter and Wireways
Article 3.66 Auxiliary Gutter Article 3.76 Metal Wireways
Metallic Auxiliary Gutter. Sheet of Metal Wireways. Sheet of metal
metal enclosure with hinged or troughs with hinged or removable
removable covers for housing and covers for housing and
protecting electrical wires, cable, and
proctecting electric wires and
busbars which conductors are laid in
place after the wireway has been cable and in which conductor are
installed as a complete system. laid in place after the wireway
Nonmetallic Auxiliary Gutters. has been installed as a complete
Flame retardant, non metallic system.
enclosures. Nonmetallic Wireways. Flame
retardant, nonmetallic trough
10
Auxiliary Gutter and Wireways
Number of Conductors. The
sum of cross-sectional areas of
all contained conductors at any
cross section of the gutter or
wireway shall not exceed 20
percent of the interior cross-
sectional area of the gutter or
wireway
11
Wiring Methods

BSEE-PUP
1
Materials
Article 3.0 Wiring Methods
3.0.1.3 Conductors
(b) conductors of the
same circuit (p.306)
All conductors of the
same circuit and, where used ,
the grounded conductor and all
equipment grounding conductors
and bonding conductors shall be
contained within the same
raceway, auxiliary gutter, cable
tray, cable bus assembly, trench
cable or cord unless otherwise
permitted.
2
3.0.1.3 (b) Conductors of the Same
Circuit
3.0.1.3 (b)(1) Paralleled

Installations
Conductors shall be
permitted to be run in parallel
in accordance with the
provision of 3.10.1.4
3
3.0.1.3 (C) Conductors of Different
Systems (p.307)
3.0.1.3 (c)(1) 600 Volts,
Nominal, or Less.
Conductors of circuits
rated 600 volts nominal or
less, ac circuits, and dc circuits,
shall be permitted to occupy
same equipment wiring
enclosure, cable or raceway.
All conductors shall have an
insulation rating equal to at
least the maximum circuit
voltage applied to any
conductor within the
enclosure, cable, or raceway.
4
3.0.1.10 Electrical Continuity of Metal
Raceways and Enclosure (p.317)
All metal raceways, cable,
boxes, fittings, cabinets, and
enclosures for conductors
must be metallically joined
together (bonded) to form a
continuous low-impedance
fault-current path that is
capable of carrying any fault
current likely to be imposed on
it.
5
3.0.1.12 Mechanical Continuity-
Raceways and Cables (p.319)
Metal or nonmetallic
raceways, cable armors, and
cable sheaths shall be
continuous between cabinets,
boxes, fittings, or other
enclosures or outlets.
6
3.0.1.13 Mechanical and Electrical
Continuity- Conductors (p.319)
3.0.1.13(a) General.
Conductors in raceways shall
be continuous between
outlets, boxes, devices, and so
forth. There shall be no splice
or tap within a raceways unless
permitted by 3.0.1.15;
3.68.2.47(a); 3.76.2.47;
3.78.2.47; 3.84.2.47; 3.86.2.47;
3.88.2.47; or 3.90.1.6
7
3.0.1.14 Length of Free Conductors at Outlets,
Junctions, and Switch Points (p.319)
At least 150 mm of free
conductor, measued from the
point in the box where it emerges
from its raceway or cable sheath,
shall be left at each outlet,
junction box, and switch point for
splices or ther connection of
luminaires (fixtures) or devices.
Where the opening to an outlet,
junction, or switch point is less
than 200 mm in any dimension,
each conductor shall be long
enough to extend at least 75 mm
outside the opening
8
3.0.1.15 Boxes, Conduit Bodies, or Fittings –
Where Required (p.320)
A box must be installed at each
splice or termination point,
except as permitted for:
• Cabinet or Cutout Boxes,
3.12.8
• Conduit Bodies, 3.14.16(C)
• Luminaires, 4.10.31
• Surface Raceways, 3.86.56
and 3.88.56
• Wireways, 3.76.56
9
3.0.1.15 Boxes, Conduit Bodies, or Fittings –
Where Required (p.320)
3.0.1.15(i) Enclosure
A box or conduit body
isn’t required where a splice is
made in a cabinet or in cutout
boxes containing switches or
overcurrent protection devices
if the splices or taps do not fill
the wiring space at any cross
section to more than 75
percent, and the wiring at any
cross section doesn’t exceed
40 percent. See 3.12.1.8
10
3.0.1.20 Induced Currents in Metal Enclosure or
Metal Raceway (p.324)
3.0.1.20 (A) Conductors
Grouped Together.
To minimize induction
heating of ferrous metallic
raceways and enclosures, and
to maintain an effective
ground-fault current path, all
conductors of a circuit must be
installed in the same raceway,
cable, trench, cord, or cable
tray.
11
Code: Electrical Wiring System
BSEE-PUP
1
Electrical Wiring System
2
Service (p.19)
Service (Art 1.1) – The conductors
and equipment for delivering
electric energy from the serving
utility to the wiring system of the
premises served
Service Conductor (Art 1.1) – the

conductors from the service point
to the service disconnecting
means.
Service Point (Art 1.1) – the point

of connection between the
facilities of the serving utility and
the premises wiring.
3
Service Drop and Service Lateral
Service Drop (Art 1.1) – The
overhead service conductors
from the last pole or other aerial
support to and including the
splices, if any, connecting to the
service entrance conductors at
the building or other structure
Service Lateral – The

underground service conductors
between the street main,
including any risers at a pole or
other structure or from the
transformer
4
Service Equipment
Service Equipment (Art 1.1) – the
necessary equipment, usually
consisting of a circuit breaker(s)
or switch(es) and fuse(s) and their
accessories, connected to the
load end of service entrance
conductors to a building and
intended to constitute the main
control and cutoff the supply. This
shall be located inside or outside
wall of the building served or to
nearest point of entry of a non-
building structure served.
5
Feeder
Feeder (Art 1.1) – All circuit
conductors between the
service equipment of a
separately derived system, or
other power supply source and
the final branch circuit
overcurrent device.
6
Branch Circuit
Branch Circuit (Art 1.1) – The
circuit conductors between the
final overcurrent device
protecting the circuit and the
outlets(s).
7
2.0.1.6 Means of Identification of
Grounded Conductors (p.61)
(a) Sizes 14 mm2 or Smaller –
An insulated grounded
conductor of 14 mm2 or
smaller shall be identified by a
continuous white or gray outer
finish or by three continuous
white stripes on other than
green insulation along its
entire length
8
9
(a) Sizes Larger 14 mm2 – An
insulated grounded
conductor larger than 14
mm2 shall be identified by
one of the following means:
1) By a continuous white or gray
outer finish
2) By three continuous white
stripes along its entire length on
other than green insulation
3) At the time of installation, by a
distinctive white or gray marking
at its terminations.
10
Grounding and Bonding part 1

BSEE-PUP
1
Article 2.50 Grounding and Bonding
This Article contains requirements for grounding and bonding.
These entail providing a path(s) to divert high voltage to the
earth, requirements for the low-impedance fault current path to
facilitate the operation of overcurrent protection devices, and
how to remove dangerous voltage potentials between
conductive parts of building components and electrical systems.
2
Bonding (p.7)
Bonding (Art 1.1) – permanent
joining of metallic parts to
form an electrically conductive
path that ensures electrical
continuity and the capacity to
conduct safely any current
likely imposed
3
Bonding Jumper (p.7)
Bonding Jumper (Art 1.1) – A
reliable conductor to ensure
the required conductivity
between metal parts required
to be electrically connected.
4
2.50.1.2 Ground-Fault (p.190)
Ground Fault – An
unintentional, electrically
conducting connection
between an ungrounded
conductor of an electrical
circuit and the normally non-
current carrying conductors,
metallic enclosures, metallic
raceways, metallic equipment
or earth
5
2.50.1.2 Ground-Current Path (p.191)
Ground Fault Current Path– An
electrically conductive path
from the point of the ground
fault on a wiring system
through normally non-current
carrying conductors,
equipment, or the earth to the
electrical supply source
6
2.50.1.2 Effective Ground-Fault
Current Path (p.190)
Effective Ground Fault Current
Path – An intentionally
constructed, permanent, low-
impedance electrically conductive
path designed and intended to
carry current under ground-fault
conditions from the point of a
ground fault on a wiring system
to the electrical supply source
and that facilities the operation of
the overcurrent protective device
or ground fault detectors on high
impedance grounded system
7
Effective Ground-Fault Current Path
The effective ground-fault
current path is intended to
help remove dangerous
voltage from a ground fault by
opening the circuit overcurrent
protective device.
8
Grounding Conductor, Equipment
(p.14)
Grounding Conductor,
Equipment (Art 1.1) – The
conductor used to connect
non-current carrying metal
parts of equipment, raceways,
or other enclosures to the
system grounded conductor,
the grounding electrode
conductor or both, at the
service equipment or at the
source of a separately derived
system.
9
Ground (p.13)
Ground (Art 1.1) – A
conducting connection,
whether intentional or
accidental, between an
electrical circuit or equipment
and the earth or to some
conducting body that serves
place of the earth
Grounded (Art 1.1) –

connected to earth or to some
conducting body that serves in
place of the earth
10
Grounding (Earthing) Conductor
(p.13)
Grounding Conductor (Art 1.1)
– A conductor used to connect
equipment or the grounded
circuit of a wiring system to a
grounding electrode or
electrodes.
11
Grounding Electrode (p.14)
Grounding Electrode (Art 1.1)
– A device establishes an
electrical connection to the
earth
12
Grounding Electrode Conductor (p.14)
Grounding Electrode (Art 1.1)
– The conductor used to
connect the grounding
electrode(s) to the equipment
grounding conductor, to the
grounded, or to both at the
service, at each building or
structure where supplied by a
feeder(s) or branch circuit(s),
or at the source of separately
derived system.
13
Bonding Jumper, Main (p.7)
Bonding Jumper, Main (Art 1.1)
– The connection between the
grounded circuit conductor
and the equipment grounding
conductor at the service
14
Grounded, Solidly (p.13)
Grounded, Solidly (Art 1.1) –
Connected to ground without
any inserting any resistor or
impedance
15
Grounding and Bonding part 2

BSEE-PUP
1
2.50.1.4 General Requirements for
Grounding and Bonding (p.191)
(a) Grounded Systems.
(1) Electrical System Grounding.
Electrical systems that are
grounded shall be connected to
earth in a manner that will limit
the voltage imposed by lightning,
line surges, or unintentional
contact with higher voltage lines
and that will stabilize the voltage
to earth during normal operation
2
(2) Grounding of Electrical
Equipment. Non-current
carrying conductive materials
enclosing electrical conductors
or equipment, or forming part
of such equipment, shall be
connected to earth so as to
limit the voltage to ground on
these materials
3
(3) Bonding of Electrical
Equipment. Non-current
carrying conductive materials
enclosing electrical conductors
or equipment, or forming part
of such equipment, shall be
connected together and to the
electrical supply source in a
manner that establishes an
effective ground-fault current
path
4
Inverse Time Circuit Breaker
The time it takes for an
overcurrent protection device to
open is inversely proportional to
the magnitude of the fault
current. This means that the
higher the ground-fault current
value, the less time it will take for
the protection device to open
and clear the fault. For example, a
20A circuit with an overload of
40A (two times the rating) would
take 25 to 150 seconds to open
the protection device. At 100A
(five times the rating) the 20A
breaker would trip in 5 to 20
seconds.
5
(4) Bonding Effectively
Conductive Materials and
other Equipment. Electrically
conductive materials that are
likely to become energized
shall be connected and to the
electrical supply source in a
manner that establishes an
effective ground fault current
path.
6
2.50.1.2 Effective Ground-Fault
Current Path (p.190)
(5) Effective Ground Fault Current
Path(p.196). Electrical equipment
and wiring and other electrically
conductive material likely to become
energized shall be installed in
manner that creates a permanent
low impedance circuit facilitating the
operation of the overcurrent device
or ground detector for high
impedance grounded systems. It
shall be capable of safely carrying
the maximum ground fault current
likely to be imposed on it from any
point of the wiring system where
ground fault may occur to the
electrical supply source. The earth
shall not be considered as an
effective ground fault current path
7
The earth shall not be considered as
an effective ground fault current path
8
2.50.1.6 Objectionable Current over
Grounding Conductors (p.197)
(a) Arrangement to Prevent
Objectionable Current. The
grounding of electrical
systems, circuit conductors,
surge arresters, and
conductive non-current
carrying materials and
equipment shall be installed in
a manner that will prevent
objectionable current over the
grounding conductors or
grounding paths
9
Load Side Neutral to Case Bonding
10
2.50.2.5 Grounding Service-Supplied
Alternating Current Systems (p.202)
(c) Grounded Conductor
Brought to Service Equipment.
Where an ac system operating
at less than 1000 volts to
ground at any point, the
grounded conductor shall be
run to each service
disconnecting means
enclosure and shall be bonded
to each disconnecting means
enclosure
11
2.50.2.5 Grounding Service-Supplied
Alternating Current Systems (p.202)
12
Danger of Open Grounded Neutral
Conductors
Ground Fault Condition Normal Conditon
13
Code: Grounding Electrode
BSEE-PUP
1
2.50.3 Grounding Electrode System and
2.50.3.3 Grounding Electrodes
(a) Electrodes Permitted for
Grounding
(1) Metal Underground Water Pipe.
A metal underground water pipe
in direct contact with earth for
3000 mm or more (including any
metal well casing effectively
bonded to the pipe).
Interior metal water piping located more than

1500 mm from the point of entrance to the
building shall not be used as a part of the
grounding electrode system or as a conductor
to interconnect electrodes that are part of the
grounding electrode system
2
(2) Metal Frame of the Building
Structure. The metal frame of the
building or structure, where any of
the following methods are used to
make an earth connection.
a. 3000 mm or more of a single
structural metal member in
direct contact with earth or
encased in concrete that is in
direct contact with the earth
b. The structural metal frame is
bonded to one or more of the
grounding electrodes
d. Other approved means of
establishing a connection to earth.
3
(3) Concrete-Encased Electrode.
An electrode encased by at least
50 mm of concrete, located
within and near bottom of a
concrete foundation or footing
that is in direct contact with the
earth, consisting of at least 6000
mm of one or more bare or rods
of not less than 13 mm in
diameter, or consisting of at least
6000 mm of bare copper
conductor not smaller than 22
mm2. Reinforcing bars shall be
permitted to be bonded together
by the usual steel tie wires or
other effective means.
4
(5) Rod and Pipe Electrode. Rod and
pipe electrodes shall not be less than
2400 mm in length and shall consist of
the following materials.
a. Electrodes of pipe or conduit shall
not be smaller than 20 mm
raceway size and, where of iron or
steel, shall have the outer surface
galvanized or otherwise metal-
coated for corrosion protection.
b. Electrodes of rods of iron or steel
shall be at least 16 mm in
diameter. Stainless steel rod less
than 16 mm in diameter,
nonferrous rods, or their
equivalent shall be listed and
shall not be less than 13 mm in
diameter
5
(4) Ground Ring. A ground ring (7) Other Local Metal Underground
encircling the building or Systems or Structures. Other local
structure, in direct contact with metal underground systems or
the earth, consisting of a least structures such as piping systems,
underground tanks, and
6000 mm of bare copper
underground metal well casing that
conductor smaller than 30mm2 are not effectively bonded to a metal
(6) Plate Electrodes. Each plate water pipe
electrode shall expose not less
than 0.186 m2 (2 ft2) to surface to
exterior soil. Electrodes of iron or
steel plates shall be at least 6 mm
in thickness. Electrodes of
nonferrous metal shall be at least
1.5 mm in thickness.
6
(b) Electrodes Not Permitted
for Grounding. The following
shall not be used as grounding
electrodes:
(1) Metal underground gas
piping system
(2) Aluminum electrodes
7
2.50.3.4 Grounding Electrode System
Installation (p.216)
(a) Rod, Pipe, and Plate Electrodes. Where practicable, rod,
pipe, and plate electrodes shall be embedded below
permanent moisture level. Rod, pipe, and plate
electrodes shall be free from nonconductive
coatings such as paint or enamel.
(b) Electrode Spacing. Where more than one of the
electrodes are used, each electrode of one
grounding system shall not be less than 1800 mm
from any other electrode of another grounding
system.
8
(d) Metal Underground Water
Pipe. Where used as a
grounding electrode, metal
underground water pipe shall
meet the requirements
(1) Continuity. Continuity of
the grounding path or the
bonding connection to
interior piping shall not
rely on water meters or
filtering devices or similar
equipment.
9
(d) Metal Underground Water
Pipe.
(2) Supplemental Electrode
Required. A metal
underground water pipe shall
be supplemented by an
additional electrode of a type
specified in 2.50.3.3(a)(2)
through (a)(7).
10
(5) Rod and Pipe Electrode. The
electrode shall be installed such that at
least 2400 mm of length is in contact
with the soil. It shall be driven to a
depth of not less than 2400 mm except
that, where rock bottom is
encountered, the electrode shall be
driven at an oblique angle not to
exceed 45 degrees from the vertical or,
where rock bottom is encountered at
an angle up to 45 degrees, the
electrode shall be permitted to be
buried in a trench that is at least 750
mm deep. The upper end of the
electrode shall be flush with or below
ground level unless the aboveground
end and the grounding electrode
conductor attachment are protected
against physical damage.
11
2.50.3.7 Resistance of Rod, Pipe, and Plate
Electrodes(p.218)
A single electrode consisting of
a rod, pipe or plate electrode
that does not have a resistance
to ground of 25 ohms or less
shall be augmented by one of
additional electrode of any
types specified by 2.50.3.3
(a)(2) through (a)(7). They shall
not be less than 1800 mm
apart
12
Code: Electrical System Design
(Residential)
BSEE-PUP
TOPICS
• Service Entrance
• Electric Meter
• Plans and Specification
• Design Analysis
• Branch Circuit Load Calculation
• Feeder and Service Load Calculation
SERVICE ENTRANCE
• It is described as the supply conductors which extends from the

street main duct or transformer to the service or switchboard of
the building supply.
• Most buildings service entrance are connected to the secondary
line low voltage below 600 V.
• It can be 2, 3 or 4 wires including grounded neutral wire.
• Size of wires varies depending on demand load
SERVICE ENTRANCE
ELECTRIC METER
• It is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to
or produced by a residence, business or machine.
• It is usually measured in kilowatt hours
1.3.2.1 Plan Requirements (p.28)
(a) Location and Site Plan

(b) Legend or Symbol
(c) General Notes and/or Specification
(d) Electrical Layout
(a) Plan for Power
(b) Plan for Lighting and Receptacle Outlets
(e) Schedule of Loads
(f) Design Analysis
(g) One Line Diagram
(1) Lighting and Receptacle Outlet Load
(2) Motor Loads
(3) Feeders
(4) Load Center
(h) Title Block
Plans and Specification
(c) General Notes and/or Specification. General Notes and Specifications,

written on the plans or submitted on separate standard size sheets shall
show:
(1) Nature of Electrical Service, including number of phases,
number of wires, voltage and frequency;
(2) Type of Wiring;
a. Service entrance
b. Feeders, sub-feeder and branch circuit for lighting and/or
power load
(4) System or method of grounding
General Notes
1. All electrical works indicated herein shall be done in accordance with the latest edition
of Philippine Electrical Code Part 1, the requirements of the local building official and
the electric utility serving the area.
2. The electrical supply/service voltage is 230V, single phase, two wires, grounded, 60 Hz.
3. Contractor shall verify and orient the actual locations of concrete terminal.
4. All installation shall be concealed from view, wiring shall be incased in PVC pipe or
flexible conduit except power service which shall be in RSC.
5. The minimum size of wire shall be 2-3.5mm2 and 15mmø conduit.
6. All materials shall be new and approved type. Appropriate for both location and
intended use.
7. Electrical installation shall be under a direct supervision of duly licensed electrical
engineer or registered master electrician.
8. No revision in the design shall be done without the prior knowledge and approval of
the designer and the owner.
9. Ground resistance shall not exceed 25 ohms.
10. Mounting heights for switches and convenience outlet shall be in 1.37m and 0.30m
respectively, unless otherwise indicated in architectural plans.
Plans and Specification
Legend
- Electrical Symbols
Schedule of Loads
- tabulated information of electrical loads, size of wire and conduit per circuit up
to service.
Lighting System Layout
- shows the lighting fixture and switches location and its wiring system.
Power Layout
- shows the location of convenience outlets, special outlets (acu, range, water
pump, water heater, etc.), panel board, meter, service head, and their wiring
system
Design Analysis
Design Analysis shall be included on the drawings or shall be submitted

on separate sheets of standard size, and shall show:
(1) Branch Circuit, sub-feeders, feeders, busways, and service
entrance
(2) Types ratings, and trip settings of overload protective device
(3) Calculation of short circuit current for determining the interrupting
capacity of overcurrent protection device for residential,
commercial, and industrial establishment
(4) Calculation of voltage drops
Branch Circuit Load Calculation
• Lighting Branch Circuit

• Small Appliance Branch Circuit
• Laundry Branch Circuit
• Individual Branch Circuit (ACU, WH, WP, etc)
Article 2.10 (p.66) – Branch Circuits
2.10.1.3 Rating. Branch

Circuits recognized by this
article shall be rated in
accordance with the
maximum permitted
ampere rating or setting of
the overcurrent device.
Sizing of Conductors and Protective Devices
2.10.2. Branch Circuit Ratings (p.76)

2.10.2.1 (a)(1) Conductors – Minimum Ampacity and Size. General.
Branch Circuit conductors shall have an ampacity not less than the
maximum load to be served.
Where a branch circuit supplies continuous loads or any combination of

continuous and non continuous loads, the minimum branch circuit
conductor size, before the application of any adjustment or correction
factors, shall have an ampacity not less than the non continuous load plus
125 percent of the non continuous load.
Note: same statement as in the Article 2.15 Section 1.2 p.91 For Feeders Minimum Rating and Size
Continuous Load (Art 1.1 p.9) – A load where the maximum current is expected to continue for 3 hours or
more
Sizing of Conductors and Protective Devices
2.10.2.2 Overcurrent Protection. Branch-circuit

conductors and equipment shall be protected by overcurrent
protective device that have a rating or setting not greater than
the ampacity of the branch circuit conductors
2.10.2.2 (a) Continuous and Noncontinuous Loads.

Where a branch circuit supplies continuous loads or any
combination of continuous and non continuous loads, the
rating of the overcurrent device shall not be less than the non
continuous load plus 125 percent of the non continuous
load. Note: same statement as in the Article 2.15 Section 1.3 p.93 For Feeders Overcurrent Protection
2.20.2 Branch Circuit Load Calculations
Lighting Branch Circuit

2.10.2.5 (a)(p.81) A 15 or 20 – ampere branch circuits shall be
permitted to supply lighting units or other utilization equipment,
or a combination of both.
2.20.2.3 Lighting Load for Specified Occupancies (p.99).

For dwelling units (Based on PEC 2009 Table 2.20.23 [p.100])
Total Lighting Load = Floor area (in sq.m) x 24 VA/sq.m
or sometimes you can use the actual wattage rating of the

lighting equipment
The floor area for each floor shall be calculated from the outside dimensions of the building dwelling unit,
or other area involved. For dwelling units, the calculated floor area shall not include open porches,
garages or unused or unfinished spaces not adaptable for future use
Other Lighting Load Constants
Type of Occupancy Unit Load
Volt-Ampere per Square Meter
Armories, auditoriums, 8
Churches, and Assembly
Halls
Banks, Office Buildings 28
Barber Shops, Beauty Parlors, 24

Dwelling Units, Schools, Stores
Type of Occupancy Unit Load
Volt-Ampere per Square Meter
Clubs, Court rooms, Hotels, Motel 16
Industrial Building, Hospitals,
Restaurants
Garage – Commercial 4
Halls, corridors, closet,
Stairways
Ware house (storage) 2

2.10.1.11 (c)(1) Small-Appliance Branch
Circuit (p.75)
Also known as Convenience Outlet Branch
Circuit.
In addition to the number of branch circuits required,
two or more additional 20 - ampere small appliance branch
circuits shall be provided for all receptacle outlets
2.20.2.5 (i) Receptacle Outlets (p.101)

receptacle outlets shall be calculated at not less than
180 volt-amperes for each single or for each multiple
receptacle in one yoke. For four or more receptacle shall be
calculated not less than 90 volt-ampere per receptacle.
Branch Circuit Rating: 1500 VA

2.10.1.11 (c)(2) Laundry Branch Circuit
(p.75)
In addition to the number of
branch circuits required by
other parts of this section, at
least one or 20- ampere
branch circuit shall be
provided to supply the
laundry receptacle outlet(s).
This circuit shall have no
other outlets.
Branch Circuit Rating: 1500

VA
4.30.2 Motor Circuit Conductors (p.684)
4.30.2.2 (a) Single Motor

(p.685). Conductors that
supply a single motor used in
a continuous duty application
shall have an ampacity of not
less than 125 percent of the
motors full load current
rating
4.30.4 Motor Branch-Circuit Short-Circuit
and Ground Fault Protection (p.698)
4.30.4.2 Rating or Setting for Individual Motor
Circuit.
(b) The motor branch-circuit short-circuit and
ground fault protective device shall be capable of
carrying the starting current of the motor.
(c) In Accordance with Table 4.30.4.2 A protective
device that has a rating or setting not exceeding
the value calculated according to the values given.
In Table 4.30.4.2 shall be used
Table 4.30.4.2 Maximum Rating or Setting of Motor Branch-
Circuit Short Circuit and Ground Fault Protective Device
Percentage of Full Load Current
Nontime Dual Instanta Inverse
Delay Element neous time
Fuse (Time- Trip Breaker
Type of Delay) Breaker
Motor Fuse
Single- 300 175 800 250
phase
motors
2.20.3 Feeder and Service Load Calculations
(p.103)
2.30.3.1 General. The calculated
load of a feeder or service shall
not be less than that the sum of
the loads on the branch circuit
supplied, after any applicable
demand factors have been
applied
2.20.3.3 General Lighting (p.103) Table 2.20.3.3 Lighting Load

The demand factors specified in Demand Factors (p.104)
the Table 2.20.3.3 shall apply to Portion of Lighting load
Demand
Which Demand Factor
that portion of the total branch Type of Applies (Volt-Amperes) Factor
circuit load calculated for general Occupancy (Percent)
illumination. They shall not be First 3000 or less at 100

Dwelling Units From 3001 to 120,000 at 35
applied in determining the Remainder over 120,000 at 25
number of branch circuit for
general illumination
2.20.3.13 Small-Appliance and Laundry Loads – Dwelling

Unit (p.105)
(a) Small Appliance Circuit Load. In each dwelling unit, the
load shall be calculated at 1500 volt-amperes for each 2-
wire small appliance branch circuit required by 2.10.1.11
(c)(1)
(b) Laundry Circuit Load. A load not less than 1500 volt-
amperes shall be included for each 2-wire laundry branch
circuit installed as required by 2.10.1.11 (c)(2)
These loads shall be permitted to be included with the

general lighting load and subjected to the demand factors
provided in Table 2.20.3.3
2.30.3.11 Motors (p.105) Motor loads shall be calculated in

accordance with 4.30.24
4.30.2.4 Several Motor or a Motor(s) and Other

Load(s)(p.687).
Conductors supplying several motors, or a motor(s) and other
load(s). Shall have an ampacity not less than 125 percent of
the full-load current rating of the highest motor plus the sum
of the full load current ratings of all the other motors in the
group, plus the ampacity required for other loads.
Feeder Conductor Size = [125% FLA of Highest Motor load]+

[Sum of other connected loads]
4.30.5.3 Rating or Setting – Power and Lighting Loads (p.706)

Where a feeder supplies a motor load and in addition, a
lighting or a lighting and appliance load, the feeder protective
device shall have a rating sufficient to carry the lighting or
lighting and appliance load plus the largest rating or setting
of the branch-circuit short-circuit and ground fault protective
device for any motor supplied by the feeder.
Overcurrent Protective Device Rating = [OCP rating of Highest

Motor load] + [Sum of the other connected loads]
Branch Circuit, Individual (Art 1.1) (p.7)
A Branch Circuit that supplies only one utilization equipment (ACU, Range,
Water Heater, Water Pump, etc.)
Most Common Rating
Range: 8000 W
Water Heater: 5000 W
For Motors (see table 4.30.14.2 (p.732))

1 Hp at 230 V = 8 A
1 ½ Hp at 230 V = 10 A
2 Hp at 230 V = 12 A
Range @ 8000 W computed @ 80% DF (see table 2.20.3.16(p.108))

ACU or motor load computed @ 100% DF
STANDARD RATING OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS
AT (AMPERE TRIP) AF (AMPERE FRAME)
15 50
20 50
30 50
40 50
50 50
60 100
70 100
80 100
90 100
100 100
110 225
125 225
150 225
175 225
Allowable Ampacities of Insulated Conductors Rated 0 Through
2000 Volts, 75°C Not More Than Three Current-Carrying
Conductors in Raceway, Cable, or Earth
Size (mm2) TYPE (THWN) Ampacity (A)
2.0 20
3.5 25
5.5 35
8.0 50
14 65
22 85
30 110
38 125
50 145
60 160
80 195
Some Conductor data's
Trade Name Type Letter Maximum Application
Operating Provisions
Temperature
Moisture – resistant TW 60°C Dry and Wet
Thermoplastic Location
Moisture – and heat THW or THWN 75°C Dry and Wet
resistant Location
thermoplastic
Heat Resistant THHN 90°C Dry and Damp
thermoplastic Location
Number of Conductors (THWN,THHN) in Rigid PVC Conduit
Conductor Trade Size (mm)
Size (mm2) 15 20 25 32 40 50 65
2.0 9 17 28 51 70 118 170
3.5 6 12 20 37 51 86 124
5.5 4 7 13 23 32 54 78
8.0 2 4 7 13 18 31 45
14 1 3 5 9 13 22 32
22 1 1 3 6 8 14 20
30 1 1 2 4 6 10 14
38 0 1 1 3 4 7 10
50 0 1 1 2 3 6 9
60 0 1 1 1 3 5 7
80 0 1 1 1 2 4 6
2.50.6.13 Size of Equipment Grounding
(Bonding) Conductor (p.240)
2.50.6.13 (f)(1) Based on Rating
of Overcurrent Protective Device.
Each parallel equipment
grounding conductor shall be
sized on the basis of the ampere
rating of the overcurrent
protecting the circuit conductors
in the raceway or cable in
accordance with Table 2.50.6.13
Table 2.50.6.13 Minimum Size Equipment
Grounding Conductors for Grounding Raceway
and Equipment (p.241)
Minimum Size Equipment Grounding Conductors
Rating or Setting of Overcurrent Conductor Size (mm2)
Device in Circuit
15 2.0
20 2.0
30 2.0
40 3.5
60 5.5
100 8.0
200 14
Sizing of Service Entrance Conductors
Size of Service Entrance Conductors

= sum of the computed load + 25% of the largest motor FLA
Size of Service Equipment

= largest motor protective device + sum of ampere rating of
remaining branch circuit
Sample Computation
Ex. Single Family Dwelling Unit

The dwelling has a floor area of 145 m2. It has the typical household
appliances including one 8-kW electric range, two 1-Hp room air-
conditioning unit, 1.5-Hp room air conditioning unit, and one 1-Hp
water pump.
Total Load
a) General Lighting
145 m2 x 24 VA/ m2 = 3480 VA
The computed load is 3480 VA/230 V =15 A
One branch circuit of 20-ampere would be theoretically adequate,
however for the flexibility and to allow future needs provide two
20 ampere branch circuits for lighting and convenience outlet.
b) Small Appliance Load
One 20-ampere @ 1500 VA = 1500 VA
Provide one 20-ampere small appliance circuit
c) Laundry Circuit
One 20-ampere @ 1500 VA = 1500 VA
Provide one 20-ampere laundry circuit
Sub-Total = 6480 VA
Application of Demand Factors
First 3000 VA @ 100% DF = 3000 VA
Remainder @ 35% DF
(3480 x 0.35) = 1218 VA
Other Loads:
One 8-kW electric range @ 80% = 6400 VA
Provide one 40-ampere electric range circuit
Two 1-Hp room acu, 8A x 230V x 2

@ 100% DF = 3680 VA
Provide two 30-ampere room acu circuits
One 1.5-Hp room acu, 10A x 230V

@ 100% DF = 2300 VA
Provide one 30-ampere room acu circuit
One 1-Hp water pump, 8A x 230V

@ 100% DF = 1840 VA
Provide one 30-ampere water pump circuit
Total Net Computed Load = 18438 VA

Circuit Requirement:
Use two 20-ampere 2-wire branch circuits,
two 20-ampere 3-wire branch circuits,
four 30-ampere 3-wire branch circuits, and
one 40-ampere 3-wire branch circuit.
Service Entrance Conductors:

Total Full Load Current:
[18438 + 25%(2300)] / 230V = 83 Amperes
Use 2-38mm2 + 1-8.0mm2 THWN wire
Service Equipment:
Maximum Current Rating of Protective Device
Inverse Time Circuit Breaker:

[3000 VA + 1218 VA + 6400 VA + 3600 VA
+ 250%(2300 VA) + 1840 VA] / 230 V
= 95 Amperes
Service Equipment Rating:
Use one 125 AT/225AF, 2P 240V molded case circuit breaker.
Voltage Drop and Short Circuit
Calculation Residential Single
Phase System
BSEE-PUP
Voltage Drop
2.10.2.1 (a) (1) FPN No. 4: To

provide reasonable efficiency
of operation of electrical
equipment, branch-circuit
conductors should be sized to
prevent a voltage drop not to
exceed three percent. In
addition, the maximum total
voltage drop on both feeders
and branch circuits should
not exceed five percent.
Voltage Drop Calculation
Voltage Drop Calculation:
IR
%VD = x100%
Voltage Supply (Vs )
where:
I – line current, amperes
R – line ac resistance, ohms
Purpose of Short Circuit Calculation
The purpose of short circuit calculation is to know the rating the

interrupting capacity of the overcurrent protective device
In circuit breaker there are 3 important parameters when it comes to

residential design, ampere trip, ampere frame and interrupting rating
Ampere trip – the current rating the circuit breaker set to trip
Ampere frame – insulation housing for maximum long time current
available in physical
Interrupting Rating – the highest current at rated voltage that a device
is intended to interrupt under standard test conditions.
Analogies to Short Circuit Condition
Normal Current Operation
Short Circuit Condition with Inadequate

Interrupting Rating
Analogies to Short Circuit Condition
Short Circuit with Adequate

Interrupting Rating
Calculation of Short Circuit Currents
Basic Short Circuit Calculation Formula

Procedure
𝐊𝐕𝐀 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟎
Step 1: Determine transformer 𝟏 ∅ 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐟. 𝐈𝐅𝐋𝐀 =
𝐄𝐋−𝐋
full-load amperes from
either:
EL-L = Line to Line Voltage
a) Name plate
b) Table
c) Formula
𝟏𝟎𝟎
Step 2: Find the transformer 𝐌𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐫 =
multiplier 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐟. % 𝐙
Note: most % Z of xformer is multiplied by .9

Formula
𝐈𝐋−𝐋 = 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬.𝐅𝐋𝐀 𝐱 𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐫
Step 3: Determine transformer
let-through short-circuit
current 𝟐 𝐱 𝐋 𝐱 𝐈𝐋−𝐋
1Φ line-to-line 𝐟=
𝐂 𝐱 𝐧 𝐱 𝐄𝐋−𝐋
Step 4: Calculate “f” factor (L-L) faults
Note: 1 Φ line-to-neutral 𝐟=
𝟐 𝐱 𝐋 𝐱 𝐈𝐋−𝑵
𝐂 𝐱 𝐧 𝐱 𝐄𝐋−𝑵
IL-N = 1.5 x IL-L at transformer (L-N) faults
terminals
L – length (feet) of conduit to the fault.
C – conduit constant (table B)
Subscript L-L means Line to Line n – number of conductors per phase
Subscript L-N means Line to Neutral I – available short circuit current in amperes at
beginning of the circuit.
Step 5: Calculate “M” or take Formula

𝟏
𝐌=
𝟏+𝐟
Step 6: Compute the available
short circuit current (RMS 𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐀 = 𝐈(𝐋−𝐋 𝐨𝐫 𝐋−𝐍) 𝐱 𝐌
symmetrical)
Short Circuit Sample Computation
Fault #1 All faults are line to line single

Step 1 phase fault
KVA x 100 50 x 1000
IFLA = = = 208.33 A
EL−L 240
Step 2
100 100
Multiplier = = = 55.55
Transf.% Z .9(2)
Step 3
IL−L = trans.FLA x multiplier
= 208.33 x 55.55 = 11572.92 A
Single phase short circuit current at
Transformer Secondary
Step 4
2 x L x IL−L 2 𝑥20 𝑥 11572.92
f= =
C x n x EL−L 22185 𝑥 2 𝑥 240
= 0.04347125185
Short Circuit Sample Computation
Step 5 All faults are line to line single phase

1 1
M= = = 0.958 fault
1+f 1 + 0.043
Step 6
ISCA = I(L−L or L−N) x M = 11572.92 x 0.958
= 11090.7863 A
Fault #2 (Use ISCA at Fault #1 to calculate)

Step 4
2 x L x IL−L 2 𝑥20 𝑥 11090.7863
f= =
C x n x EL−L 5907 𝑥 2 𝑥 240
= 0.156
Step 5
1 1
M= = = 0.864
1+f 1 + 0.156
Step 6 Use Circuit Breaker with 10 KAIC
ISCA = I(L−L or L−N) x M rating
= 11090.7863 x 0.864 = 9590.257 A
Table A. Short – Currents Available Table B. “C” Values for
from Various Size Transformers Conductors
mm2(AWG) Three Single Conductors

600V
Voltage % Short
Full Load Impedance 2.0 (14 AWG) 389
and KVA Circuits
Amps 3.5 (12 AWG) 617
Phase (nameplate) Amps
5.5 (10 AWG) 981
8.0 (8 AWG) 1557
25 104 1.5 12175 14 (6 AWG) 2425
37.5 156 1.5 18018 22 (4 AWG) 3806

30 (2 AWG) 5907
50 208 1.5 23706
120/240 75 313 1.5 34639
38 (1 AWG) 7293
50 (1/0 AWG) 8925
1ph** 100 417 1.6 42472
60 (2/0 AWG) 10755
167 696 1.6 666644 80 (3/0 AWG) 12844
100 (4/0 AWG) 15082
125 (250 MCM) 16483
150 (300 MCM) 18177
175 (325 MCM) 19704
200 (400 MCM) 20566
250 (500 MCM) 22185
300 (600 MCM) 22965
375 (725 MCM) 24137
500 (1000 MCM) 25278
Shop Practice with
Electrical Code: Electrical
Estimate (Residential)
BSEE-PUP
Direct Estimate
Estimation of Materials
Wires Service Cap
Conduits, Elbows Adapter(PVC)
Junction and Utility Box Lighting Fixture
Locknut and Bushing
Switches
Convenience Outlet
Circuit Breakers
Panel Board
Miscellaneous
Estimate table format
Approved Budget for the Contract
Project Title:
Project Location:
Item Item Qty Unit Direct Cost Estimated Direct
No. Description Cost
Material Cost Labor Cost
Unit Total Unit Total
Cost Cost Cost Cost
Computation for Estimate
Labor Cost – 30% of Material Cost
Qty of Conduits – total computed length / 3

Total length of Wires – total length of wire x 2
(ungrounded)
total length of wire x 3
(grounded)
“color of ground wire is green/white”
Qty of utility boxes - total number of switches and convenience outlet visible
to the plan
Qty of junction boxes – total number of lighting outlet and junction box visible
to the plan
Qty of Circuit Breaker – total number of circuits in the electrical plan plus the
spares
Qty. of Locknut and bushing – 1 per utility box(in switch) 2 or 1(in convenience),
no. of circuits in panelboard plus runway to service entrance, service cap and
grounding conductor
Qty of Adapter – equal to the number of locknut and bushing

No. of Conduit Elbow – depends on the number 90° bends visible to the plan
Or sometimes the contractor doesn’t use conduit instead they use blue torch
to the conduit to make a 90° bend
Qty of switches – total number of lighting switches visible to the plan
Qty of convenience outlet – total number of convenience outlet visible to the

plan including acu’s, range, water heater, etc.
Coupling – used to connect conduit to conduit when there’s a shortage in
conduit length
Lighting Fixtures
Size of Panel Board – depends on the number of branch circuits plus main
breaker
Service Cap – one service cap for single dwelling

Miscellaneous:
Electrical Tape and Rubber Tape – uses to insulate the joints and splices
G.I. wires – use to tie up the rough-in of switches, convenience outlet, etc.
Parts of Estimate
Electrical Works
1. Roughing-Ins (conduit, adapter, locknut and bushing)
2. Wires and Cables
3. Wiring Devices (outlets, switches, utility, and junction box)
4. Lighting Fixtures
5. Panelboards
6. Miscellaneous
Quantity Units
Meters – used for the length wires

Rolls – 1 box of wire most of 1roll = 150meters
Pieces – used for the quantities conduits, adapter, elbows, locknut, bushing, electrical tape,
rubber tape,
Kg – used for G.I. wires
Lot – package quantity example 1lot = 1000piece
Assy – assembly usually used in panelboards
GFCI and General Conductors for
Wiring
BSEE-PUP
1
2.10.1.8 Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupter
Protection for Personnel (p.71)
(a) Dwelling units. All
125-volt and/or 250 volts,
single phase, 15-ampere
and 20-ampere receptacle
installed in the locations
specified in (1) through (8)
shall have ground-fault
circuit-interrupter
protection for personnel.
(1) Bathrooms
2
(2) Garages, and also
accessory buildings that
have a floor located at or
below grade level not
intended as habitable
rooms and limited to
storage areas, work areas,
and areas of similar use
3
2.10.1.8(a) Exception No. 1 to
(2): Receptacles that are not
readily accessible.
Exception 2 to (2) A single

receptacle or a duplex
receptacle for two appliances
located within dedicated space
for each appliance that in
normal use, is not easily
moved from one place to
another and that cord and plug
connected
4
2.10.1.8 (a) (3) Outdoors
2.10.1.8 (a) (4) Crawl spaces –

at or below grade level
5
2.10.1.8 (a) (5) Unfinished
basements – for purposes of
this section, unfinished
basements are defined as
portion of areas of the
basement intended as
habitable rooms and limited to
storage areas, work areas, and
the like
6
2.10.1.8 (a) (6) Kitchens – 2.10.1.8 (a) (8)
where receptacles are installed Boathouses
to serve the countertop
surfaces
7
2.10.1.8 (a) (7) Laundry,
utility, and wet bar sinks –
where the receptacles
installed within 1800 mm of
the outside edge of the sink.
8
2.10.1.8 Dwelling Unit Receptacle Outlets
(p.84)
(a) General Provisions. In
every kitchen, family room,
dining room, living room,
den, sunroom, bedroom,
recreation room, similar
room or area of dwelling
units, receptacle outlets
shall be installed
(1) So that no point measured
horizontally along the floor
line in any wall space is more
than 1800 mm from a
receptacle outlet.
9
2.10.1.8 Dwelling Unit Receptacle Outlets
(p.84)
2.10.3.3 (a) (3) Floor
receptacles. Receptacle
outlets in floors shall not be
counted as part of the
required number of receptacle
outlets unless located within
450 mm of the wall
10
Article 3.10 Conductors for General
Wiring
3.10.1.15 Ampacities for
Conductors Rated 0-2000 volts
(a)(2) Selection of Ampacity
(p.339). Where more than one
calculated or tabulated
ampacity could apply for a
given circuit length, the lowest
value shall be used
11
Wiring
(b) Tables (p.346). The
allowable ampacities used on
tables 3.10.1.16 are based on
where the ambient
temperature isn’t over 30
degree Celsius and no more
three current carrying
conductors are bundled
together.
12
Wiring
(b)(2) Adjustment Factors
(p.346). More Than Three
Current-Carrying Conductors in
a Raceway or Cable. Where
the number of current carrying
conductors in a raceway or
cable exceeds three, the
allowable ampacity of each
conductor shall be reduced as
shown in Table 3.10.1.15 (b)(2)
(a)
13
Table 3.10.1.15 (b) (2) a Adjustment Factors for
More than Three Current Carrying Conductors
in a Raceway or Cable
Percent of Values as Adjusted for
Number of Current Carrying Ambient Temperature if
Conductors Necessary
4-6 80
7-9 70
10-20 50
21-30 45
31-40 40
41 and above 35
14
Miscellaneous Selected Provisions

BSEE-PUP
1
Selected Provisions to be discussed
• Use of Extension Cord
• Clearance of OverHead Service Entrance
Conductors
• Special locations
• Emergency Systems
2
Article 4.0 Flexible Cords and Cables
4.0.1.8 Uses Not

Permitted. Flexible Cords
(extension cords) and
cables shall not be used
for the following;
(1) As a substitute for
fixed wiring of a structure
3
2.30.2.4 Clearances of Service Entrance
Conductors
(b) Vertical Clearance
from Ground. Service-
drop conductors where
not in excess of 600 volts,
nominal, shall have the
following minimum
clearance from the final
grade:
4
(1) 3000 mm – at the electric service entrance to buildings, also at the lowest point of the drip
loop of the building electric entrance, and above areas or sidewalks accessible only to
pedestrians, measured from the final grade or other accessible surface only for service-drop
cables supported on and cabled together with a ground bare messenger where voltage does
not exceed 300 volts to ground.
(2) 3600 mm – over residential property and driveways, and those commercial areas not subject
to traffic where voltage does not exceed 300 volts to ground.
(3) 4500 mm – for those areas listed in the 3600 mm classification where voltage exceeds 300
volts to ground
(4) 5500 mm – over public streets, alleys, roads, parking areas subject to truck traffic, driveways
on other than residential property.
5
8.0.2.1 Overhead Communication Wires and Cables
(a) On Poles and In-Span
(4) Clearance. Supply Service-drops of 0 - 750 volts running
above and parallel to communication service drops shall have a minimum
separation of 300 mm at the point of and at their attachment to the building,
provided the nongrounded conductors are insulated and that a clearance of
not less than 1000 mm is maintained between two service at the pole.
6
3.0.1.5 Underground Installation
(a) Minimum Cover Requirements.
Direct-buried cable or conduit or other
raceways shall be installed to meet the
minimum cover requirements of Table
3.0.1.5.
7
Article 7.0 Emergency Systems
7.0.1.5 Capacity.
(a) Capacity and
Rating. An emergency system
shall have adequate capacity
and rating for all loads to be
operated simultaneously. The
emergency system equipment
shall be suitable for the
maximum available fault
current at its terminals
8
Article 7.0 Emergency Systems
7.0.3 Sources of Power
7.0.3.1 General Requirements. Current supply shall be such that, in the
event of failure of the normal supply to, or within the building or group of buildings
concerned, emergency lighting, emergency power or both shall be available within the
time required for the application but not to exceed 10 seconds.
(a) Storage Battery. Storage batteries used as a source of power for emergency
systems shall be of suitable rating and capacity to supply and maintain the total
load for a minimum period of 1 ½ hours, without the voltage applied to the load
falling 87 ½ percent of normal
(b) Generator Set.
(2) Internal Combustion as Prime Movers. Where internal combustion
engines are used as the prime mover, an on-site fuel supply shall be provided with an
on-site premise fuel supply sufficient for not less than 2 hours full demand operation
of the system
9
Article 5.0 Hazardous Locations
(a) Classification of Locations
(b) Class 1 Locations.
(1) Class 1, Division 1 – is a location in which ignitible concentrations of flammable gases
or vapors can exist under normal operating conditions
(2) Class 2, Division 2 – is a location in which volatile flammable liquids or flammable
gases are handled, processed or used.
(c) Class 2 Locations.
(1) Class 2, Division 1 – is a location in which combustible dust is in the air under normal
operating conditions in quantities sufficient to produce explosive or ingitible mixtures
(2) Class 2, Division 2 – is a location in which combustible dust due to abnormal operation
may be present in the air in quantities sufficient to produce explosive or ingitible
mixtures.
(d) Class 3 Locations
(1) Class 3, Division 1 – is a location in which easily ignitible fibers or materials producing
combustible flyings are handled, manufactured or used.
(2) Class 3, Division 2 – is a location in which easilty ignitible fibers are stored or handled
other than in the process of manufacture
10

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Shop Practice with Electrical Code:

The Philippine Electrical Code

Jayson Bryan E. Mutuc, REE, RME

Learning to use the PEC is somewhat like learning to play the

• What electricity is and how is it produced

Example: “Dwelling Unit”

The word “or” can imply alternate choices for

For example, lots of electricians use the term “pigtail”

When attempting to locate the rules for a particular situation,

• Article 1.1 Definitions

For example, the rule requiring all receptacles in a dwelling unit

Many times notes are provided in a table; be sure to read them

For example, Note 1 for Table 3.0.1.5 explains how to measure

• Mandatory Exception: A mandatory exception uses the words

• Permissive Exception: A permissive exception uses words such

(b) Adequacy. This Code contains provisions that are

The enforcement of the PEC is the

1.2.1.4 Posting of Electrical Permit

1.2.2.2 Certificate of Inspection

• How should conductors be terminated?

(1) Suitability for installation and use in

Conductor terminal and

Conductor terminals must

(a) Working Space

(1) Depth of Working Space

151 - 600 900 1000 1200

Condition 1 – Exposed live parts on one side of the

Jayson Bryan E. Mutuc, REE, RME

Jayson Bryan E. Mutuc, REE, RME

3.0.1.3 (b)(1) Paralleled

Service Conductor (Art 1.1) – the

Service Point (Art 1.1) – the point

Service Lateral – The

Jayson Bryan E. Mutuc, REE, RME

Grounded (Art 1.1) –

Jayson Bryan E. Mutuc, REE, RME

Ground Fault Condition Normal Conditon

Interior metal water piping located more than

• It is described as the supply conductors which extends from the

(a) Location and Site Plan

(c) General Notes and/or Specification. General Notes and Specifications,

Design Analysis shall be included on the drawings or shall be submitted

• Lighting Branch Circuit

2.10.1.3 Rating. Branch

2.10.2. Branch Circuit Ratings (p.76)

Where a branch circuit supplies continuous loads or any combination of

2.10.2.2 Overcurrent Protection. Branch-circuit

2.10.2.2 (a) Continuous and Noncontinuous Loads.

Lighting Branch Circuit

2.20.2.3 Lighting Load for Specified Occupancies (p.99).

or sometimes you can use the actual wattage rating of the

Banks, Office Buildings 28

Barber Shops, Beauty Parlors, 24

Ware house (storage) 2

2.20.2.5 (i) Receptacle Outlets (p.101)

Branch Circuit Rating: 1500 VA

Branch Circuit Rating: 1500

4.30.2.2 (a) Single Motor

2.20.3.3 General Lighting (p.103) Table 2.20.3.3 Lighting Load

illumination. They shall not be First 3000 or less at 100

2.20.3.13 Small-Appliance and Laundry Loads – Dwelling

These loads shall be permitted to be included with the

2.30.3.11 Motors (p.105) Motor loads shall be calculated in