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A D IC TI O NARY
OF MYTHO LO GY m

C O N TA I N I N G S H O R T AN D I N TE RE S T I N G
S K ET C H E S O F C H A R AC TER S F O U N D I N
G RE C I AN AN D RO M AN M YT H OLO GY
W I T H ALL P RO P ER N A M E S CA RE FU LLY
P RO N O U N C E D

BY JO HN H BEC HTEL .

Au thor of S lips of Speec h “

P ra c tica l Synonyms
,
”
, E tc .

PHILAD ELPHIA
THE PE
”

NN :PUBLI S HIN G C O MPAN Y

 MY THOLOGY has i nti m ate l y re l at ed to
ev er bee n so

li t e rature that the reader a n d stude n t wi ll n o t have go n e

far bef ore discoveri ng the n ecessity O f a n acquainta n ce
with the gods a n d goddesses the deities a n d heroes who , ,

played S O i m porta nt a par t in the affairs of the earl y races

of m an ki n d These picture s que creatio n s of a form er ti m e
.

a re so c l ose l y i nterwove n with the l iterature Of a ll civi lized

natio ns that eve n the m a n who rea d s n othi n g m ore t ha n

,

t he dai ly or week l y n ewspaper n eeds to be acquai nte d ,

W ith t he m . A s C o l eridge says

Th ey li e no l o ng in t he f it h f ea n
v er a o r so ,

Bu t t i ll t h h
s e t d th n d
ea r l ngu g st i ll
o ee a a a e

Bo t h t h l d i n t i n t b i ng b
e O s c k th l d n m es
r ac e O a

S pi i t s
r g ds t h t u d t h t hi
or o a se tho S a re s ea r

W it h m n a wit h t h i f i nd
as e rnd t t his d y
r e a a a
’
Ti Jupit
s w h b i ng wh t
er o r i g
s t a e er
’
s r ea ,

And V enu wh b ing s o vr yt h i ng t h t

s e f i
er a
’
s a r .

W hil e nearl y a ll n atio n s in their pri m itive co n ditio n ha

their syste m s O f m ythology it is to the vivid im agi nation s
,

Of the Gree k s a n d Ro m a n s that we a re m ost i n debted for

whatever o f fabl e ador n s our literature .

I n flu e n c e u p o n C iv il iz a t io n — I t is a l m ost i m possib l e .

a t this late day to rea l ize the i n te n se ho l d that this syste m

of be l ief had upo n the peopl e a nd the i nflue n ce it exercised

,

3
4 I N TRO D U C TION
upo n their civi liz atio n The husba n d m a n so w ed his seed
.
,

firm ly bel ievi ng that the specia l deity whom he w orshiped “

suppl ied t he n ecessary rai n s a n d atte n ded to a ll t he ,

detai l s o f its growth ; the artisa n wrought his Spear a n d

shiel d trusti n g for ski ll to the influe n ce o f a god ; the
,

sai lor p l aced his l ife a n d property at the disposal Of a

guidi ng divi n ity ; the poe t a n d artist dre w i n spiratio n
from a like trusted source I n a ll the operatio n s Of n ature
.
,

the sam e m ysterious i n flue n ces exercised con trol -in ,

c l oud a n d storm in heat a n d cold in the changi n g seaso ns

, , ,

in the growin g p l a n t a n d the fadi n g l eaf in wave a n d ,

tide in forest a n d dell in strea m a n d cascade in m oun tain

, , ,

a n d p l ai n in s e a a n d s k y in dark n ess a n d l ight in l ife a nd

, , ,

death a presidi ng deity was everywhere prese nt

, .

S o u r c es o f I n fo r m a t io n —O ur kn ow l edge of the
m ythol ogy Of the G reeks a n d Ro m an s is derived fro m the /
a ncient writers poets historian s a n d others whose works
, , , ,

have co m e dow n to o u r ti m e a n d al so fro m the m a n y ex

,

a m ples Of a n cie nt art that still exist o f statues in m a rb l e ,

a n d bro n ze o f pai n ted vases

, a n d of coi n s a nd e n graved
,

ge m s .

The Ro m an s borrowed l argel y fro m the G reeks a n d , ,

whi l e n o coa l esce n ce Of the two rel igious syste m s ever

took p lace the m odern n otion s Of G reek m ythol ogy are
,

derived chiefly th rough the writi n gs O f the Lati n poets .

C o nstructi n g their poe m s after the G reek m ode l s a n d ,

so m e t i m es substituti n g the na m es Of their native deities

fo r those o f the Greeks that had si m i l ar characteristics ,

a n d at other ti m es e m p l oyi n g the G reek na m e u n der a

Lati n for m co n fusio n has in these ways Ofte n arisen

, .

WV hil e H o m e r a n d H esiod eac h gives so m e accou n t Of

the cre a tio n the Greeks were appare ntly m ore co n cerne d
,
 I N T R OD U C T IO N

with the worl d as they fou n d it a nd with their re latio n s ,

t o it a n d with it tha n wit h the m a n n er Of its for m atio n

,
.

The occurre n ces a nd accide n ts o f d a ily l ife te n d to bi n d

'

m en together They l ear

. n t o k n ow each other — their ,

st r e n gth a n d weak n esses their passio n s a n d in sti ncts , ,

their l ikes a n d dis likes H avi n g n o other sta n dar d s they

.
,

m ea sure everythi n g by the sta ndard Of the m se l ves The .

stro nger the bra ver the wiser a m o n g t he m becom etheir

, ,

l ead ers . P hysical proportio n s a n d powers a n d perfectio n s

a r e Obj ects O f ad m iratio n Their worship beco m es a for m .

o f m a n worship
- Their gods take the form o f a m a n but
. .

are e n dowed with the highest co n ceivabl e qua l ities A s .

k n owl edge a n d civi l izatio n advan ce those attributes b e ,

e o m e m ore a n d m ore exa l ted u nti l their d eities m u l tip l y , ,

in g in n u m ber are m ade to ru le over earth a n d air a n d

, ,

seaan d S k y .

o rd er s o f D eit ies — AS m en were va lued accord .

ing to the degree of their i nflue n ce so the gods were ,

e sti m ated accordi n g to their po w ers Those that ruled .

over the m ighty forces of nature o r wrought m ost for .

the We l fare o f m en were exa lted to the first ra n k The .

O lym pian deities twe l ve in nu m ber i n c l u d e as usua l ly

, , ,

given Jupiter Jun o N eptu n e C eres A po l l o D ian a V ul

, , , , , , ,

c a n M i n erva Mars V e n us Mercury a n d V esta Jupiter

; , , , , .

sa t e n thro n ed o n the t o p O f Mou n t O l y m pus ; t he habi

t a t io n s O f the others occupied l ower a ltitudes W hi l e .

The ssa ly has perhaps the best tit l e to O l y m pus there a re

, , ,

n o l ess t ha n fourtee n m ou n tai n s in Greece which c l ai m

the disti nction The ter m O ly m pus after w ard ca m e to be

.

applied to a regio n abo ve the visibl e sky I t s heig ht was .

so g reat that a braze n a n vi l fa lli n g fro m it s su m m it o c c u

p i ed n i n e days in reachi n g the earth T arta r us a vast .

, ,
6 I N T R O D U C TIO N
g l oo m y place in which the Tita n s d w e lt was at a n equa l ,

dista nce be n eath the sur face o f the earth .

The highest order O f deit ies i n c luded n ot o nly the O ly m

pia n gods a n d goddesses al ready referred to but a l so U ran us , ,

the first Of the race o f gods whose na m e sig n ifies the ,

hea ve n s viewed as the husba n d O f the earth a n d w ho by ,

”
,

his warm th a n d m oisture produces life a n d vegetation ;

,

C ro n us his successor the god O f the harvest who a l so

, , ,

ripe ned a n d m atured every form O f life ; S atur n us who ,

w a s chose n by Ja n us to share with him in the gover n m e nt

o f his ki n gdo m thereafter ca lled S aturn ia a lan d o f
“
, ,

seed a n d fruit ; Rhea goddess Of the earth with its

”
. ,

m ou ntai n s a n d forests a n d who was m other Of Pluto

, ,

N eptu n e Jupiter Ju n o C eres a n d V esta ; A m phitrite

, , , , ,

goddess O f the sea who ha d the care Of its creatures a n d

, ,

w ho Ofte n stirred up the great waves a n d hur l ed the m

aga i n st the rocks a nd c l i ffs ; P roserpi n a daugh t e r o f ,

C eres who with her m other superi n te n ded the growi n g

, , ,

harvests duri n g the su m m er but w ho in the autu m n like , , ,

the seed d isappeared in the earth a n d again ca m e for t h

, ,

the n ext spri ng ; Bacchus who wa s worshiped u nd e r ,

m a n y n a m es a n d who i n structed the peop l e in t he cu l ti

,

vat io n of the vi ne a n d taught the m m an y of the arts O f

peace ; a n d l ast ly The m is ge n era lly sty led U ra n ia god
, , ,

dess of the rites of hospita lity who i nstructed m a nki nd in ,

t he exercise o f right a n d m oderatio n a n d in the highest ,

for m s Of justice TO these m ight be added S o l a n d Lu na

.
,

fo r as civi lizatio n a dva n ced the disti n ctio n betwee n

, ,

physical a n d m e ntal i llu m i natio n w a s e m p hasized a n d ,

A po ll o beca m e the oracl e o f wisdo m e nl ig h te ni ng the ,

m i n d whi l e 8 0 1 t he go d of day sy m bolized the physical

, , ,

phe no m e n o n O f light S O D ia n a w a s at first worshiped as

.
 I N T R O D U C TION

the divi n e perso nificatio n of t he m oo n but in ti m e Lu n a , , ,

was revered as the goddess Of the physica l o rb O f night ,

a n d to D ia na was ass ig n ed the duty O f quicke n i n g vegeta

tio n by the copious fa ll Of dew which it w a s discovered , ,

cam e m ost o n c lear C ool n ights She was a lso supposed

’

.
,

to wa n der through the groves over the hi lls across the , ,

va lleys a n d beside the strea m s acco m pa n ied by her

, ,

n y m phs a nd by her l ight to a fford to the flocks an d

, , .

herds a n d a lso to be lated trave lers protectio n agai nst the

, ,

ravages of wil d bea sts These gods a n d goddesses a c

.
,

k n ow ledgi n g Obedie nce o nly to Jupiter were sty l ed ,

D eities O f the H ighest O rder

—
.

I n fer io r D eit ies There were n u m erous i n ferior

.

deities These were worshiped i n depe nde ntly The

“

. .

H orae goddesses Of the seaso n s were Thallo go d dess

, , ,

of bl osso m i n g a n d C arpo goddess O f harvest an d fruit

, , .

W i n ter bei n g a period o f s leep or death in n ature w a s ,

n o t regarded as o n e o f the seaso n s I n so m e p l aces .

—
the seaso ns were co n sidered three in n u m ber s prin g wit h
its flowers su m m er with its grai n a n d autu m n with its
, ,

fruit A s the harvest a n d fruitage were l arge ly deter

.

m i n ed by the weather these goddesses ope n ed a n d shut

,

the gates Of heave n a n d se n t rain a n d su n shi n e in such

,

proportio n as woul d best pro m ot e vegetatio n The b less .

i ngs Of life were so la rge l y depe n de n t upo n the u n cha n g

ing a n d order l y successio n O f the seaso n s that the H orae
“

were supposed to regu late the good order a n d m ora l ity o f

the peopl e I n this character th e y were worshiped u n der
.

the tit l es Of Eu n o m i a godde s s Of wise l e gis l a t io n ; D ike

, ,

goddess Of justice ; a n d Eire n e godd ess o f peac e C h l oris , .

goddess Of buds a n d flo w ers w a s a l so worshi ped as o ne ,

of t he H orse Po m o na was goddess o f garde n fruit s ;

.
8 I N T R OD U C TIO N
V ertu m nus , her husba n d watched over the seaso ns a nd
,

assisted in the care a n d protection of the products o f t he

garden .

Ja nus w a s a pure l y Rom a n god a n d was m ade al m ost ,

equal to Jupiter H e Ope n ed a n d cl osed each d ay a n d

.

m o n th a n d year H e sa t at the re m otest co n fi n es o f the

.

earth at the very gates o f heave n H avi ng two faces he

, .
,

l oo k ed backward a n d forward at the sa m e ti m e

“

Th e .

m o nt h o f Ja nuary bei n g na m ed for h im the first ,

day Of the n e w year was ce l ebrated in his ho n or .

Term i nus was god O f bou n daries P riapus s o n Of Bacchus ,

a n d V e n us w a s a god o f the ferti l ity of nature a n d ,

guardian O f vi n eyards ga rden s a n d fie lds , , .

Pa n was regarded by the A rcadia n s as the god w ho

watched over the pastures herds a n d herds m e n The , , .

woods a n d p lai n s were m a d e his i m m e d iate protectio n ,

a n d hu n ti n g a n d fishi n g were his specia l care H e was .

fo n d of spor t ive da n ces a n d o f p layi ng o n the shepherd s

,
’

pipe A s a spirit Of the m oun tai n s a ll stra n ge a n d nu

.
,

usua l sou n ds wer e ascribed to h im he n c e a ny a nxiety o r ,

al arm ar i s i n g from a n u n seen cause was ca lled panic

fe ar or fear caused by the prese n ce Of the spirit Of Pa n
,
”
.

Fau n us a Ro m a n deity rese m b l ed the G reek P a n but

, , ,

had so m e disti n ctive qua l ities A S prop hetic deity o f .

forest a n d fie l d he was Ofte n call ed Fatuus Fatua his

,
.
,

w ife s o m et im es ca ll ed F au n a a l so de l ivered orac l es but

'
, , ,

o nly to wo m e n The Fatui were the Offspri ng of Fatuus

.

a n d F atua a n d as evi l ge nii se n t n ight m ares a n d other

, , ,

torturi ng dream s Picus a nother Ro m a n deity was wor

.
, ,

s hipe d as a proph et a n d forest god P ic um n us a n d P i l u m .

n u s for m ed a pair Of R o m a n deities w hose O ffi ce it w a s t o

watch over m arried life The latt er w oul d dri ve away a ll .
 IN T R O D U C TIO N 9

ill ness fro m chi ldhood by m ea ns of the pi l u m o r c lub ,

which he used in pou n di n g out the grai n ; the form er ,

who s upe rm t e n d ed the fertil izi n g of the l a n d woul d give ,

the chi ld growth .

The S atyrs be lo ng to the order o f forest deities a n d rep ,

rese nt the ge nia l l uxuria nt l ife in n ature which spread

, ,

over fie lds a n d woods a n d m eadows Their life w a s

, ,
.

spe nt chiefly in the forests a n d o n the hills a n d w a s a per ,

p e t u a l rou n d of a m use m e n ts C o m us was the guar d ia n of .

the ban quet m irth a n d socia l p leasure A s represe nti n g

, ,
.

the results of excessive co nviviality he is so m e t i m es pic ,

t ure d with torch reversed l ea n i n g a ga m st a pi ll ar I n

, ,

drun ke n stupor .

S i l va nus a Ro m a n god g uarded the i nterests Of herds

, ,

m e n preserved the bou n dary l i n es O f the peop l e a nd pro

, ,

t e c t e d the ba nks Of t h e riv ers I a l es presided ove r cattl e

/ ’ W .

N
.

M
raisi n g .

The i n ferior deities i n c l ude also the O cea n ides m arin e ,

deities Offspri ng o f O ceanus ; t he N erei d es Often c o n

, ,

fou n ded with the O cea n ides t he Trito n s who su m m o n ed ,

the other m ari n e deities whe n ever N eptun e ap proached ;

the S ire n s who in habited the c liffs Of the is l a n ds lyi ng be
,

twee n S ici ly a n d I ta ly a n d w ho by their sweet voices , , ,

lu red sai lo rs to their destructio n t e River go d s who

h -
,

presi ded over the curre n ts o f the rivers a n d strea m s the

N y m phs beautiful b ei ngs w ho occupied a m id d l e grou n d
, ,

betwee n gods a n d m en who were in touch with both a n d

, ,

who took various tit les accordi n g to the dut ies they per
“

—
,

for m ed o r the p laces where they dwe lt n y m phs o f woo d s ,

a n d trees o f gro v es a n d ravi n es of m eadows a n d flowers

, , ,

O f hi ll s a n d va ll eys Of rivers a n d lakes Of m arshes a nd

, ,

s wa m ps Man y of t he N ym phs ha d ind iV id ua l na mes

. ,
10 I N T R O D U C TIO N

The Muses ny m phs of the strea m s tha t tric kl ed down

,

the sides O f Moun t H e licon a nd Moun t P arnassus O ffspring ,

O f Jupiter a n d M n e m osy n e were n i n e in nu m ber a n d in , ,

c l uded C lio the Muse O f H istory M e lpo m e n e O f Tragedy

, ,

Tha l ia of C o m edy a n d Bur l esque ; C a l liope the Muse o f

, ,

H eroic P oetry a n d usuall y accou nted chief o f the Muses

,

U ra n ia Of A stro n om y ; Euterpe Of Music ; P o l yhy m n ia

, ,

Of S on g a n d O ratory Erato of Love a nd Marriage S o n gs , .

a n d Terpsichore Of D a n ci n g M n e m osy n e the m other Of

, .
,

the Muses w a s the goddess o f m e m ory U n der the l eader

, .

ship O f A po ll o the M uses p l ayed a n d san g at the ban quets

—
,

a nd m arriage feasts Of the gods whil e the H orae the , ,

G races a n d other deities da n ced a n d co n tributed to the

, ,

m irth a n d gaiety Of the o c c a sio n The N y m phs a ff orded f

to t he a n cien t scul ptors the m es for the fi n est con ceptions

Of grace a n d beauty
—
.

The W i d gods were an other i m porta nt c lass o f in ferior

n

deities a n d exercised a great i nflue n ce in the affairs Of

,

l ife. Boreas the n orth wi n d Eu r us t he east wi n d N otus , ,

the south wi n d a nd Z ephyrus the west wi nd w ere the

, ,

prin cipal wi n d gods EO l uS w ho d we lt upo n a r ocky

- .
,

is lan d n o t far from S ici ly was supposed to keep t he wi nds ,

i m priso n ed in a great cave a n d to release the m as directed ,

by Jupiter or N e ptun e .

I ris the goddess O f the rai n bow m esse n ger Of Jupiter

, ,

a n d Ju n o in co m m u n icati n g their orders to m a n ki n d w a s ,

s upposed to c h arge the c l ouds w ith water fro m l akes a n d

rivers in order t hat they m ight fertilize the earth with

ge nt l e showers Aurora goddess o f t he D a w n C u pid t he
.
, .

g o d Of L ove ; H y m e n t h e g o d o f M a r riage
, ; H ebe the ,

godd ess o f Y outh ; H y ge ia t he go d d e ss Of H ealth ; F o r .

t u n a ,the godd ess o f F o rt un e o r o f C h a n ce ; V ic t o ri a t he ,

 I NTR O D U C TI O N 11

goddess o f V ictory ; Pa x the goddess Of Peace ; N e m esis , ,

the goddess of P un ish m e n t ; D iscordia the god d ess o f ,

S t rife ; S o m nus the god o f S l eep,

Morpheus t he go d Of ,

D ream s ; a n d Mars the god O f D ea t h s o n Of N ig ht a n d

, .

twi n-brother Of S leep were the m ost i m porta nt a m o n g the ,

other i n ferior deities .

O ther creatures such as the F uries the H arpies t he

, , ,

G orgo n s the G r ae ae were appoi n ted as atte n da n ts t o t he

, ,

higher as we ll as to the l ower deities assistin g the m in t he ,

acco m p l ish m e n t Of their purposes chiefly by pu n ishi ng ,

wicked n ess a n d cri m e .

—
W o rs h ip C ost ly te m p l es were dedicated t o m ost Of
.

the gods a n d goddesses a n d sacrifices were O ffered upo n ,

their a ltars N O i m portan t e n terprise was e n gaged in

.

without first co n sulti n g the orac le o r propitiati ng the ,

over ruli n g divi nity Lest a ny d eity shou l d fee l n eg lected

- .

or offe n ded they dedicated a n a ltar to the u nk n o w n

,

g o .d
”
P au l ref ers to this a l tar whe n he says A s I passed
by a n d behe l d your devotio n s I fou n d a n a ltar with this ,

i n scription to the u n k n o w n go d
,
W ho m therefore ye .
’
,

ig n oran t ly worship him decl are I u n to you ,

.

I n [Esc hylu s is fou n d this petitio n Z eus whoever ,

thou art a n d by whatever n a m e it p l ease thee to be

,

n a m ed I ca l l o n thee a n d pray
,
A s m ortal m a n Wa s in .
”

capab le O f u n dersta ndi n g the character Of a go d o r o f

kn owi n g his n am e this form Of petitio n served as a c o m
,

m o n i n troductio n to their prayers I t was t he custo m o f .

t he G reeks in prayi n g to l if t the ha n ds a n d tur n the

, ,

face to w ard the East The Ro m a n s turn ed toward the .

N orth I n supp licati n g the s ea gods the ha n ds were

.
-

stretched toward the sea a n d whe n i nvoki ng t he gods Of

the l ower worl d t he supp l ia n t beat the earth with his
,
 IN T R O D U C TIO N

ha n ds S o m etim es the petition was i n scri bed O n a tab let

.
,

sealed a n d deposited at the feet Of the i m age o f the god

,

o r goddess i n voked Th e fo l l owi n g was a com m o n form

.

of prayer : Zeus o ur Lord give u nto us whatever is

“
, ,

good whether we ask it o f thee o r no t whatever is evi l

,

keep fro m us eve n if we ask it of thee

,
A se nse o f their .

depe n de nce upo n the overru li n g deities was ever present

with the m a n d the occ a sio n s for prayer were num erous
, .

Thesacrifices which were O ffered by the priests were o f

two ki n ds o n e consisti n g o f fruits cake s a n d wi n e ; the
, , ,

other O f an i m al s which were required to be absolutely

,

perfect Eve n the wood for t he a l tar was se lected that

.

it m ight bur n with a pure fla m e The s e sacrifices were .

O ffered at regul ar ti m es a n d each perso n was expected to ,

give O f his sub st a n c e The herds m a n Offered the fir st lin gs

,
.

o f his flock the m erchant gave a Share O f his gai n t he

, ,

sol dier a portio n O f his booty .

A u gu r ie s a n d G r a d e s — S a c rific es were so m eti m es

o ffered in order to Obtain by the exam i n atio n Of t he ,

e nt rai ls O f a n a n i m a l a n augury o f the issue of so m e war

,

l i k e e n terprise O r to san ctify t h e ratificatio n O f a treaty

, ,

or to Obtai n purification fro m so m e cri m e Auguries were .

so m eti m es Obtai ned fro m the direction O f t he flight Of

birds fro m drea m s fro m thu n d er a n d light ning from
, , ,

co m ets m eteors ecl ipses earthquakes a n d other striki n g

, , ,

phe no m e na Of n ature A s m an y person s regarded the m .

se lves u n qua lified to i nterpret properl y t he wi l l Of the

gods a l arge n u m ber O f soothsayers fou n d a l ucrative
,

busi n ess in fortu ne te lli ng

- .

The deep piety of the Greeks is evide n ced in their custo m

of co n sulting t he oracl e s in ti m es of doubt a n d perplexity , .

The ter m orac l e properl y appl ies to the respon se d eliv

”
 I N T R OD U C TION 13

ered by a deity to a n i n quirer but it is often used to ,

designate the p l ace where the petitio n is o ffered a n d the

a n swer is received A m o ng the m a n y orac les that Of
.
,

A po llo a t D e lphi was the m ost ce lebrated a m o ng the

G reeks . These orac les o r respo n ses were usua lly dee m ed
, ,

i nfa ll ibl e a n d were ge nera lly dictated by justice sou n d

, ,

se nse a n d reaso n
, .

F es t iv a l s a n d G a m e s —I m posi n g f e stiva l s so m e he l d
.
,

a nnually others m ore or l ess freque n t ly were ce l ebrated

, ,

in ho n or O f the various deities These were m ost ly Of a .

re l igious character but so m eti m es they dege n erated i n to

,

sha m e less orgies These festiva l s were co n sidered so im

.

porta nt t hat duri ng the t i m e Of their ce lebrat io n eve n ,

wars were sus pe n ded a n d perso n s were perm itted to pass

,

u nm o lested through ho sti le territory .

The m ost ce lebrated of the a n cie n t ga m es were the

O ly m pia n the Pythia n the N e m ea n a n d the I sth m ia n
, , , .

The O ly m pian gam es which were he l d o n the p lai n o f

,

O lym pia a n d occurred every four years were so i m porta n t

, ,

that ti m e was recko n ed by O ly m piads a s we recko n it by

years The Pythia n gam es were he l d at D e lphi in ho n or
.
,

O f A po ll o a n d occurred every four years

,
The N em ea n .

ga m es occ urred o n ce in two years a n d were celebrated in ,

honor Of H ercules I n the forest Of N e m ea n ear the p l ace

, ,

where he s lew the N e m ean l io n The I sth m ia n ga m es .

were hel d in ho n or of N eptune o n the I sth m us O f C ori n th ,

e very two years

—
.

S ign ifi c a t io n a n d I n t er p r et a t io n W hen we re .

m e m ber that these m yths existed for ages as traditio ns

re lated by father to s o n a n d bei n g w ide l y d istributed a n d
,

taki ng o n m ore o r l ess O f l oca l co l ori ng accordi n g to t he

ti m e a nd p lace of their rehearsa l it is easy to accou nt for ,
14 I N T R O D U C TIO N

the variatio n in the i ncide nts O f m any of the tales a nd the

disputes am o ng m ythol ogists in the adjust m e nt of these
di ff ere n ces
.

The i n terpretatio n of these m yths ha s l o n g co n stituted

a ferti le fiel d Of s t udy fo r the sc holar a n d a n tiquaria n
. .

S o m e have regarded the m as a l legories pic t uring the vari

ous phases of hum a n life a n d occurre n ces in the physica l
worl d O thers have bee n disposed to regard the m as his
.

t o ric a l facts disguised u n der the for m o f m etaphor a n d

taki n g o n other m ateria l as they were passed a lo n g just ,

as the ro ll i n g ball Of s n ow in its O n ward m ove m e nt gathers

u p s t o n es a n d sticks a n d other foreig n substa n ces .

The phi l ol ogists dec l are that “

as the p ear l is the resul t
Of a disease Of the oyster s o m yths are the resul t Of a d is
,

ease of la n guage a n d th a t the key to a ll m ythol ogies lies

,
”

in l a nguag e . The a n t hrO pO l o gist s o n the other ha n d

, ,

hol d that the explanatio n is fou n d in m a n in h um a n

,

t hought a n d hu m an l a nguage co m bi ned W hatever the

.

tru t h m a y be regardi n g the origi n a n d sig nifica n ce Of t h ese

wo nderfu l m yths it is co n ce d ed by a ll that they have
,

served to e n rich the l iterature a nd especially the poetry

,

o f a ll ages a n d n atio ns si nce books have bee n bor n .

 AN ALPHABET I CAL LI S T
O F TH E

R OMAN D EI TI ES AND HER OES

W I TH TH E I R E QU I V A LE NT NAM ES I N THE MY TH O LO GI ES OF

GR EE CE ,
IND I A BABY LONIA EGY PT AN D S CAND I NAV IA
, , ,
.

—
E s c u l a piu S Gr A s k l epios . .

—
A m o r Gr Eros . .

— .
—
A p o l l o Gr Apollo or He lio s Eg . O ro s .

—
A u r o r a Gr Eo s . .

—
B a c c h u s Gr D io nysus . .

—
B el l o n a Gr Enyo . .

—
“

C er e s Gr D e m eter
. .

—
C wl u S G r . U ra nus .

—
C u p id , or A m o r G r E —
ro s I n Ka m a d ev a or Kam a . . .

—
D ia n a Gr A rte m is . .

—
D isc o r d ia Gr Eris . .

—
F a m a Gr P hem e . .

—
F a t e , F a t u m Gr Ana k e . .

—
F l o ra G r . C h l ori s .
16 ALPH AB ET I CAL LI S T O E TH E

— —
F o r t u n a Gr Tyche S c F reyr
—
. . .

F u r ie s , F u riae, D irac , S em n ae G r . Eri nys , or Eum e

‘

n ides .

—
H er c u l es G r H eracles . .

— —
J u n o Gr H era B.H ada . .

— —
J u p it er Gr Z eus I n D yaus or I n dra or Ja nit a r
. .
, ,

.
—
E H em pht a S c O di n or W ode n .
, .

—
Ju s t it ia G r D ike or A straea .
, .

—
J u v ent a s Gr H ebe or D ia .
, .

—
La t o n a G r Leto . .

—
Lu n a Gr S e le ne . .

— .
— —
M a r s Gr Ares I n K um ara E Pa prem is S c H ild ur
- . . . .

— r — —
M erc u ry G H er m es I n G an esa E Thoth . . . .

M in erv a Gr Athe n e
-
. .

—
M o r s Gr Than atos . .

—
N ep t u n e Gr Posei d on . .

—
N o x Gr . N yx .

PaX Gr
- . Eire n e ,
or I re ne .

l
P ut o — G r —
H ades Eg Serapis or O siris
. .
,
.

—
P r o s er p in e o r P r o s erp in a or Lib er a Gr ,
. Persephone
o r K ora .

—
P o l l u x Gr P o lydeuces . .

,
—
S a t u r n or S a t u r n u s Gr C ronu s . .

— .
— —
S o l G r H e l ios I n S urya Eg H oru s . . .

—
S o m n u s Gr H yp nus
—
. .

S u a d a o r S u a d el a P eitho
,
.
 DI CTI ONARY OF MYTHOLOGY

Ab a au s ( a ti t le appl ied to A po llo by the A

peopl e of A b ae a t Own in G reece w ho worshiped a t
,
-
,

his shri ne .

Ab a s The so n O f H yper m n estra a n d Ly n ceus a n d ,

fathe r O f the brothers A crisius a n d P r oetus , who were

n oted for their i m p l acab l e hatred Of each other fro m

in fa n c y A ccordi n g to other authorities he was the so n

.

of Mega n ira a n d was co n verted i n to a water lizard for

,

profa n i n g the S acrifice .

Ab d er us( ah The arm or bearer of - H ercu les ,

after who m the tow n O f A bderus was n a m ed .

Ab d u c t io n . S ee E u rop a , P a r is , P lu t o .

A b s yr t u s ( a b The so n o f ZEet es ki ng Of C o l ,

chis who was s lai n by his sister the beautifu l but crue l
, ,

sorce ress Medea in orde r to escape by flight fro m the

, ,

fury O f her father S ee Ja so n . .

A c a st u s ( a S on of P e l ias a nd fa ther of La o
da m ia .

A c e st e s ( a Troja n pri n ce gover nor O f part A ,

o f S ici l y W ith him JEnea s l eft the wo m e n t he a ged

.
,

m en a n d a l l who coul d no t serve him in his wars in

,

I ta ly .
20 A C H ZEA N S —AC H I LLE S

Ac h ma n s (a The A ch aea ns the E ol ians the , ,

D oria n s a n d the I o n ia n s co m pris ed the four g reat

,

bra nches O f the H e lle n ic race .

Ac h el o us k
(a eriver god H e a n d H ercu les
- A .

e ngaged in a wrestl in g bout to determ i n e which should

wed D eian eira A che l ous tran sfor m ed hi m se l f first i n to
.

a serpen t a n d the n i n to a bull H ercul es seized o ne Of .

his hor n s a n d in the fury Of the co n test it w as broke n

Off a n d Ache l ous ack n ow l edged hi m sel f defeated H e
, .

the n tur n ed him se l f i nto a river w hich has si n ce born e

his n a m e Th e S ire n s so m eti m es ca lled the A c helo id es
.
, ,

were the daughters o f A che lous .

A c h e r o n ( ak e ) T h b l ack deep c urre n t o f this

’
e -r o n .
,

strea m the r i ver Of etern al w Oe across whic h the sou ls

, ,

Of the departed were ob liged to pass was s o swif t that ,

n o n e dared ve n ture to ste m it except u n der the guida n ce

Of the aged boat m an C haro n to who m a n Obo l us o r , ,

coin as passage m o n ey m ust first be pai d F o r c o n

, ,
.

v e n ien c e this was p l aced u n der the to n gue Of the dead .

Those who ca m e without their fare were ob l iged to wait

o n e hu n dred years when C haron w ou l d carry the m
,

over w it hout charge Th e Furies w ere c hi l dre n Of

.

A chero n a n d N yx S e e S t yx P yr ip hleget ho n C oc yt us
.
, , ,

a nd Let he .

A c h il l e s ( a was the so n Of Pe l eus ki ng Of

He ,

Thessal y a n d w a s the bravest Of a ll the G reeks who

,

fought in the Troja n war H is m other Thetis who .

, ,

w a s a S ea ny m ph p l u n ged him whe n a n i n fa n t i nto the

-
,

river S tyx thus m aki n g e v erypa r t Of his body in v u ln er

,

ab l e except the hee l by which she he l d him H e w a s

, ,
.
 AC ID ALI A — AD E S 21

r eared u nder the ki n d ly care Of C hiro n whose ho m e ,

was a ca ve I n Mou nt Pe lio n a n d w hose k n ow ledge of the ,

,

a r t o f hea l i n g was W ide ly k n ow n P atroc l us fighti n g .

,

side by S ide with A chi ll es received a serious w ou nd , ,

which the latter owi n g to his k n ow l edge Of m edici n e

,

Obtai ned fro m C hiro n was ab l e to cure I n the S iege O f

,
.

Troy a n arrow fro m the b o w o f Paris struck him in the

,

h ee l a n d caused his death

,
.

A c id a ( as da
l ia
l i ) -i-
’
-a . A sur na m e Of V e nus fro m a
,

fou ntai n in Boeotia .

A c is Sici lia n shepherd s o n O f Fau nus a n d the

A ,

ny m ph S im aet his Jeal ousy pro m pted Po lyphe m us to

.

hurl a rock at him which crushed him to death Ga la .

tea who passio n ate ly loved h im tra nsform ed his b lood

, ,

i nto the river which bears his n a m e .

A c r is iu s (a -k rish i-u s ) brot her Of

S on Of Abas a nd
’
.

P roetus F eari n g that he sho ul d have n o heir to his

.

thro n e he co n su lted the orac le who to l d him that a

, ,

daughter woul d be born to him whose s o n would s l ay ,

him a n d ru le in his stead This prophecy was fu l filled

.
,

for Perseus whi le e ngaged in the pub lic ga m es threw a

, ,

disk which accide n tally struck the foot Of h is gra n d

father a nd caused his death .

Ac r e t a (a Sa m e as A c r et e . See K a k ia .

Ac t mo n (ak fa m ous hu nter so n Of A ristaeus

A ,

a n d A uto n oe F o r i n trudi n g upo n the prI v a c y Of D ia n a

.

whi l e S he a n d her at te n da nts were bathi n g he was ,

cha nged by her i n to a stag a nd devoured by his o w n dogs .

These were na m ed C isse t a D raco C ora n Ec hno ba s , , , .

Ad e s See H a d es .
22 —
A D MET E E CA S TO R

Ad nl e t e ( ad Th e vai n but beauti ful daught e r

Of Eurystheus .

Ad nl e t u s ( a d —
m
'
e tus ) S on Of ki n g
P h e r es a nd C ly m en e ,
Of P her ae in Thessal y O n ce whe n ill the o racl e to l d
.
, ,

h im he woul d die u n l ess so m eo n e Offered hi m se l f in his

stead This his wife Al cestis Offered to d o a n d she
.
, , ,

wou ld have bee n carried O ff to H ades had n o t H ercul es

seized the god Of death in his stro n g arm s a n d he l d him
fast u n t i l he pro m ised to spare her to her husban d .

W he n A pol l o was ban ished fro m heave n he atte n ded

the floc ks Of A d m etus fo r n i n e years .

Ad o n is ( a OfS on
C i n yras a n d Myrrha a n d a
specia l favorite Of V e n us H e was fon d Of the chase
.
,

a n d whi l e hu n ti n g t h e wi l d boar was m or t a l ly wou n ded

, .

H e w a s cha n ged by V e n u s int o the beautif ul a n e m on e .

S ee S hakespeare s V e n us a n d A do n is O thers say

’ ”
.

that to co nso l e V e n us t h e gods decreed th at he m ight

retur n to l ife a n d S pe n d the spri ng a n d sum m er with her ,

a n d t hat she m ust spe n d the re s t Of the year with him

in t h e l ower regio n s .

A d r a s t ia ( a d r a s
- N e m esis o ne Of the goddesses Of
.

justice was so m eti m es k n own by this n am e

, .

A d s c r ip t it ii D ii ( a d -scr ip -tish i-i dé -i) G ods Of

’
the s ec .

o n d order o r ra n k .

A d v e r s it y S e e E chid n a
. .

'-
M a c u s ( e a k us ) The gate keeper o f he ll a n d with
.
-
,

Mi n os a n d Rhada m a n thus ju d ge Of the l ower regio n s

, .

H e was special l y appoi nted to j udge the Europea ns .

E c a st o r ( e A n oath used on ly by wo m e n
referri ng to the Te m ple Of C astor .
 E D EP O L—E G I S TH U S

[E d c po l ( ed e ’

) A npoath
- ol used .by both m en a nd

wo m e n ,
referri ng to the Te m p l e O f P o llux .

of C o l c his a n d father Of M edea

_

fE e t e s ( e K ing , ,

a ce l ebrated m agicia n . See Ja so n .

n eo n ( e A m ig hty gia n t with fifty heads a n d

o nehu n dred ar m s H e was i m priso n ed by Jupiter u n der
.

Mo unt Et na . P robab ly the perso n ificatio n of e arth

'
} E ge u s ( e j e -u s
) K i n g of A the n
. s s o n Of P a n dio n H e , .

s le w An drogeus so n O f Mi n os Every eight years Mi n os

,
.

d e m a n ded in satisfactio n for the l oss O f his so n a tribute ,

co nsisti n g O f seve n boys a nd seve n gir l s of the n ob lest

fa m i l ies O f A the ns w ho wer e i m prison ed in the vast ,

l abyri nth bui lt by D aedal us a n d presi d ed Over by the ,

Mi n otaur Theseus fi n a lly put a n e n d to the grievous

.

l evy by s l ayi n g the m o n ste r .

[E g in a ( e A n is la n d in t he Saro n ic G u l f on which
were he l d a n nua lly m ysterious festiva ls I n ho n or O f
H ecate .

n ip a n e s
( j p ez ) -
e i - So m eti m e s called P a n isc i
’
a n .

They were forest deities ,

a n d were represe n ted l ike Pa n , ,
'
with goat s legs .

E gis The shie l d o f Jupiter m ade Of the ski n O f ,

the goat A m althea I n later ti m es the breastp late O f .

,

Pa l l as A the n e .

E gist h u s ( e The s o n O f Thyestes who duri ng , ,

A ga m e m n o n sab s e n ce m arri ed C lyte m nestra his wife

’
, , .

These t w o u po n t h e r etu rn O f Aga m e m n o n reso l ve d to

, ,

c o m pas s his dea t h a nd a l t hou gh he W a s W a rne d by

, .
24 zE G LE — E O LU S

C assa n dra agai n st the p l ot he fe ll , an easy victi m to

the ir sche m es .

[E gl e A daughter of H e lios . The fa irest of the

N a ia d s . S ee La mp et ia .

[E l l o ( a S ee H a rp ies .

[E n e a s pri nce the so n O f A n chises

(E A Troj a n ,

a n d V e nus H e fought with great val or duri n g the siege

.

Of Troy e n cou nt eri ng D io m e d a n d A chi lles W he n the

, .

G reeks set fire to the city he p l aced his aged fath e r o n ,

his shou l ders a n d taki n g his s o n by the han d b a de

, ,

C reusa his wife fo ll ow C l ose l y

, S he h owever b e ca m e
, .
, ,

S eparated fro m [E n eas a n d perished withi n the city .

A fter wa n deri n g about for severa l y ears he reached

I t a l y a n d was kin d ly received by Lat in u s t he ki n g
, , .

A fter the death Of the l at t er ZEn ea S succee d ed to the .

thron e a n d beca m e the foun der Of a n ew race

, .

E l ia n s E -O l i-a n z
S ee A c hcea ns
’
o ( ) .

o lus ( E O l u s
’

) —
Of t h e wi nds H e w a s the so n O f
. Go d .

H ippo t es a n d l ived in o n e Of the rocky is l a n d s n ear the

.

coast Of S ici l y H e co nfi n ed the wi n d s in a m ighty cav

.

e rn a n d occasio n a lly per m itted the m to b l ow over the

,

worl d W he n U lysses o n his return fro m Troy visited

.
, ,

him h e gave h im tied up in a bag a ll the wi n ds t hat

, , ,

coul d prove co n trary The co m pa n io ns o f U lysses sup .

,

posin g that the bag co ntai ned treasures o pe n ed it s ly ly ,

just a s t he y were n eari n g port a n d the baffli ng w i n ds ,

r ushed for t h a n d drove the m far o ut Of t he r course i .

ZEo l u : w a s a great astro no m er a n d a l so the i nv e ntor of ,

sa i ls ,
26 A G AN I P P I D E s — A JA x

whe n Me n e l aus de m a n ded her restoratio n a n d was r e

f used A ga m e m n o n at o n ce beca m e the l ea der Of a ll the
,

Greek forces a n d s et o u t to co m pe l her retur n

, This .

was the occasio n o f the Trojan war which l asted t en ,

years W hi l e the G reek fleet was l yi n g in the harbor of

.

'
A ul is A ga m e m n o n s fo n d n ess fo r the chase l e d him to
,

kill a s t ag a n d in the pride Of his success t o boast tha t

, , ,

he coul d exce l t he goddess Of the chase herse l f The .

i njured D ian a first s en t a cal m which detai n ed the fleet

fo r a co n siderabl e ti m e ; the n sh e de m an d ed the sacri
fi c e O f his daughter I phige n ia W he n the al tar had bee n .

ful l y prepared the goddess satisfied with his in te ntion s

, ,

to m ake the sacrifice sudde n l y appeared upon the scen e ,

a n d providi n g a beautiful goat for the a l tar carried O ff

, ,

I p hige n ia in a c l oud to Tauris a n d appoin ted her t o the ,

care Of her te m p l e there .

A ga n ip p id e s
( ah p
-
ag -i I d ez
-
) A
. n am e derived fro m
the foun tain O f A ganippe ,
a n d som eti m es app lied to the
M uses .

Age . S ee Go ld en A ge .

A g in e u s ( j
a - i See Ap o llo .

A g l a ia ( ag One of the three Gra ces ,

n oted spec
ia lly fo r her beauty a nd goo d n ess .

A gn i Th e H i n doo go d Of light n in g a nd o f fire .

A g r ic u l t ur e . S e e C eres , B a u c ina .

Aj a x ( j
5
1 a x ) . were the t w o fore m ost
A jax a nd A c hi ll es
Of the G reek hero es in t he Troj a n war W he n A chill es .

fe ll A j a x a n d U l y s se s s eize d h is b o d y a n d fighti n g a l l
, , ,

the way c a rri ed it b a ck t o c am p Ach illes a rmor b ing

,
.
’
e
 ALC H U S -
A LE C T R YO N 27

O ffe red by Thetis to the m ost deservin g was awar d ed to ,

,
/
U lyss e s a n d Ajax r e n d e j e d i n sa n e by what he dee m ed
,

the injustice o f the award fe l l upo n his o w n S word a n d ,

died S om e writers dec l are that i n stead Of destroyi ng

.

h im se l f he was sl ai n by Paris others that he was ki lled

by U lysses This A jax w a s the s o n Of Te l a m o n a n d
.

Erib oea Another A jax so n o f O i l eus a lso took a c o n

.
, ,

S pic uo u s part in the war with Troy .

A l c he u s ( a l S on Of P erseus a nd An dro m eda a nd

brother of El ectryo n .

Al c m e n e s ( a l -ka m e ) An A the nia n scu lpt or a

’
a -n ez .
,

conte m porary a nd riva l Of Phidias .

A l c e st is ( a l S e e A d m etu s .

A l c ip p e ( a l daughter O f Mars a n d Agl a uru s A .

Fo r l ovi n g H a lir rho t iu s a s o n of N eptu n e she was s l ai n , ,

by her father .

A l c id es ( al A n a m e give n to H ercu l es .

A l c m ae o n (a lk of Am phiaraus a n d Eriphy le
Son .

H e s l e w his m o t her to ave n ge his father s d eath ’

.

A l c m e n a (a l k W ife of Jupiter a nd m other of

H erc u les She . was t he daughter Of El ectryo n , a ki ng

of A rgos .

A l c yo n e ( a l
’
-si O -n
e ) . See P leia oles .

Al e c t o ( a —
l e k to ) . O ne Of the thre eFuries . See F uries .

A l e c t r yo n ( ) serva n t
a -l ek Of M ars
’
t r1H-on
e w as . A .

c ha n ged i n to a cock for fai li ng to warn his m aster O f t he

approach of t he risi ng su n .
28 A LEAD U R — AMA ZO N S

Al fa d ur Th e S upre m e Bei n g , F ather Of All

accor ding to S ca n di n avian Mytho l ogy .

'
Al m a M a m m o ( al m a mam m o sa ) O ne of the na m es
’

sa -

app lied to C eres .

'
Al o (
eu s ) -l father
a O e us
- Of O t u s a n d E phi
. a lt es
Th e ,

two giants who o n ce c a ptured Mars a n d i m prison ed him

,

for thirtee n m onths in a huge bro nze vase .

A l p h e u s (a l O ne Of t he river go d s . S ee A r et husa .

A l s e id s ( a l se ids’

) - . N y m phs Of the w oods a nd trees .

S ee N ymp hs .

Al t a r .tab l e l ike structure o n which sacrifices were

A -

Offered Mere heaps Of earth o r rough u n he w n sto n e

.

served fo r a ltars in the ear liest ti m es Later the sacri .

fi c e was atte n ded with m ore cere m o n y a n d the a l tars ,

becam e m ore i m posi n g S om e were provided wi t h a .

ki n d Of dish i n to which fra nki n ce n se was throw n to d e

,

stroy the s m ell Of burn in g fat This probably gave rise .

to the custo m of burn i ng in ce n se at the altar .

Alt h ma ( al W ife of Me leager . S ome a ut ho ri

ties sa y s h e was his m other .

A m a l t h aea ( a m -a l The goat which n ourished the

i n fa ntil e Jup iter whi l e con cea l ed in a cave o n Mou n t
I d a in the isl a n d Of C rete
, .

A m a r yn t h ia (a m -a -r in t hi-a)
’
. a m e a pp l ied to
Th e n

D ian a in Euboea , where she was worshiped with great

cere m o n y .

Am a z o ns wo m e n
, S cythia n w ho . in the Trojan war ,

fought va lia nt ly agai nst the G reeks . H ercu les tota lly
 A M B A R V A LI A — AM P H IO N 29

defeated the m a n d gave to Theseus , , H ippo lyte , their

qu ee n for a wife
, .

Am b a r va ( bar va
l ia F estiva
am - l s- in h o n
’
or l i -a )
Of .

C eres These were i n stituted by the Ro m a n husba n d

.

m e n in order to purge t heI r fie l ds A t t he spri n g .

festiva l t he head O f each fa m i ly l e d the a n i m al to be

sacrificed decked with o a k boughs arou n d h is groun ds
,
-
, .

H e was fo ll owed by a p roc essio n wi t h s ho ts a n d so n gs

p
.

A fter harvest a nother festiva l was he l d at which a n ,

O fferi ng of the first fruits Of the seas on was m ade to

C eres .

Am b er. Supposed by the a n cie nts to flow fro m pop l ar

trees l ike tears See H elia d es La mp et ia
.
, .

A m b r o sia ( a m -bro z h i-a C e l esti a l

food used by the
’

) .

gods The term

. was so m eti m es app l ied to Baccha n a lia n
festivals .

A m ic a ( a A n a m e so m eti m es app li e d to V e nus .

Am m o n . A fa m ous oracle in Libya .

Al no r Eros a nd A m or were ot her n am es fo r

C upid .

A m o r e t t e s ( a m -O A n am e give n to t he troops Of
l itt l e wi n ged figures which artists m ake to surrou n d
A phrodite C alled a l so Erotes
. .

A m p h ia ra us ( a m fi -a S on Of O lel es , a n d o ne O f

the seve n heroes agai n st Thebes .

A nl p h io n ( am Twi n the broth er Of ,

Z ethus a nd

so n of Jupiter a n d A n tiope H e w a s S O ski lled in m u sic .

that at t he sou n d Of the lyre which Mercury m ade fo r

,
80 —
AM P H IT R IT E ANC H I S E S

h im , the ston es Of Thebes arra nged the m se lves in regu

l a r l ayers to for m the wa ll s O f the city .

A m p h it r it e ( a m -fi D aughter of O cean us a nd

Tethys , wife Of N eptu n e a n d m other O f Triton S he , .

was goddess Of the se a a n d had the care Of its creatures .

S h e was so m eti m es ca l l ed S a l a t ia .

A m p h it r yo a m fit r i o n ) P erseus a nd An dro m eda

’
- -
n ( .

had two so n s Electryo n a n d A l caeus

, . Al c m en e , t h e
m other Of H ercul es was a daughter Of the for m er, ,
a nd

A m phitryo n her husba n d was a so n O f the l atter

, , .

A m yc am i cus )
Of B b i H K ing
e was a so n
’

(us -
e ryc
. a .

Of N eptu n e a n d was fa m ed fo r his ski ll in boxin g a n d

, ,

for his cruel ty to a ll stra n gers who e n tered his terri

tories W he n the A rgon auts l a n ded o n his coas t to
.

Obtai n fresh water he chall e nged their best boxer , .

P oll ux accepted a n d ki l l ed Am ycus in the con test

, .

A m ym o e ( a
n m -i D aughter Of D a n aus who bore
t o N eptu n e a s o n N a u pl iu s a s hipw r ec k er
, ,
.

An a n k e ( a The Greek n am e fo r Fate This .

deity was the O fi s prin g Of N ight a n d Erebus Gods a s .

,

we ll a s m en were subj ect to his u n cha ngi ng decrees .

A n c he u s ( a n S o n Of N eptu n e an d o n e o f the
brave heroes Of G reece who join ed in the fa m ous hu nt
O f the C a l ydo n ia n B oar H e l eft a cup Of wi n e un
“

tasted t o e ngage in the hu n t a n d was ki ll ed by the ,

boar This is supposed t o be the origi n Of the proverb

.
,

There s m a n y a Sl ip twixt the cup a n d the lip

’ ’
.
”

A n c h is e s ( a n Th e father Of ZEn ea s a n d gr a n d ,

father O f Ju l ius the fou nder Of the great Ju l ia n fa m i ly

,

in Ro m e .
 ANC I LI A— AN EM O N E 31

An c il ia ( i ) -S il
These were twe lve sacred Ro m a n
’
-a
‘

a n .

shie l ds The first is said to have bee n se n t by Mars I n

.

a nswer to the petition O f the Ro m a n pop ulace for pro

t ec t io n El eve n others were m ade so n ear l y l ike the
.

first that o nly the priests were ab l e to disti n guish the m

,

from the first Like the Pa lla d I um in the te m ple Of V esta

.
,

these shie l ds were regarded with the greatest ve neration .

A Ro m a n ge n era l before goi ng to war wou l d propitiate

, ,

t he god Of war by goi n g to the te m p l e Of M ars a n d

touchi ng the shie l d with his l a n ce As the perpetuity .

of the n atio n was supposed to depe n d upo n the preser

vatio n Of the a n cilia a n order O f prI est s was organ ized
,

to take care o f the m O n the first of March in each .

year the shie l ds were carried in processio n a n d in ,

the e ve n in g a great feast ca lled C oena S a lia ris was , ,

hel d .

An d a n -d ro j -
) S o n o f Mi n o s H e w a s s lai n
’
ro ge u s ( e us . .

by ZEge u S , ki ng of A ttica . See E geus .

An d r o ma ( dro
c m a
he ) W
an - ife Of the Troja n
’
-k e .

hero H ector a n d m other o f Astya nax I n the d ist ribu

, , .

tio n o f the n oble Troja n captives a m o ng the Greek

heroes she fe ll to the lo t o f N eOpt O lem us
, .

'-
An d r o m e d a ( dro m e da ) Thean beautifu
- l daughter .

o f C epheus a n d C assiopeia ki n g a n d quee n Of the ,

Ethiopian s She yva s rescued fro m the jaws of a t er

.

rib e sea m o n ster by P erseus a n d afterward beca m e his

l -
, ,

wife See C a ssiop eia

. .

An e m o n e ( -
a n em
o ) The tears that V e nus shed fo r
’
-n e .

her bel oved A do nis as t h ey fe ll to the grou nd were

, ,

cha nged i nto this flower the a ne m o ne , .

82 A N GER O N I A — AN UEI S

An g e r o n ia ( ro i ) This goddess so m etim e s

’
-
a n ge - n -a .
,

c a ll ed V o lupia ,
had power to drive away grief a n d a n
g uish Of m i n d .

A n t he u s ( a h gia n t the Offsprin g O f N eptun e

A , .

I n a con test with H ercu l es A n t aeus gai n ed fresh stre n gth ,

from con tact with the earth each tim e he was thro wn .

A t last H ercul es Observed this a n d l ifti n g his a n tago n ist , ,

Off his feet squeezed him to death

, .

Ant er o s ( a n te
’
ros
-
) . Go d Of passio n . S on Of V e n us a nd

Mars .

A n t h e st e r ia
( a n —
thes —
te ri -a ) O n e O f the festival s in
’
.

honor Of Bacchus hel d in the m o n th Of F ebruary The

, .

first day Of the festiva was call ed cask Open i n g day

l -
,
”

the secon d pouri ng day

,
- .
”

A n t ic l e a ( a n -t ik —
le a )
’
. Th e m other Of U l ysses .

'-
A n t ig o (
ne an - tig o the two daughte
ne) rs o f . O ne Of

( E d ipu s a n d J o c a st e A fter her father had put out his

.

eyes a n d aba n don ed the thron e O f Thebes this faithfu l ,

daughter foll owed him a n d min istered to his wan ts a s

he roa m ed from pl ace to place .

'-
A n t io p e ( ti o pe) D aughter Of Thebe a n d N ycteu s
an - .
,

who as rege n ts govern ed t he ki n gdo m Of Thebes duri ng

, ,
l
t h e m i n orit y Of Labdacus Jupiter dis guised as a sa t yr .
, ,

l e d her astray a n d corrupted her .

A n t iu m ( a n shi-u rn ) A tow n in I ta ly where the goddess

’
.

F ortun a had a n oracl e H er pri n cipal worshipers w ere .

n ew l y -m arried wo m e n .

A n u b is ( a I n Egyptian m y tho l ogy the n a m e O f ,

o n e whose duty it was to weigh the g o od a n d the bad

34 —
AP O T H EO S I S A R CHEMO R U S

Ap o t heo s is ( -
ap Othe
- o ) The’
cere m
-siso n.y of the d ei
fi c a t io n a nd co n secratio n o f a god .

Ap p l e . S e e A t a la nt a , A t la s , D isco rd ia , H esp erid es ,

I d u na , Tit oea .

A ra c h ne( a who m M I n e rvA Maeo nia n m aid

a

had taught to weave beca m e S O vai n o f her acco m p lish ,

m e n ts that S he o ne day cha lle n ged the goddess to a trial

Of ski ll U n ab l e t o fin d a flaw in the work Of her pupi l
.
,

Mi n erva an gri ly struck her o n the head with her sh u ttl e ,

whereupo n A rach ne ha nged herse l f Mi n erva the n .

cha n ged her into a S pider which in G reek is ca lled , , ,

a r a c hne A ccordi n g to a n other versio n A rach n e re

.
, ,

m e m b ering her oft -repea t ed boasts was so hu m i liated ,

upo n seei n g the superior w ork m a n ship of Mi n erva that

she we n t o ff a n d ha nged herse l f whereupo n the goddess , ,

desiri n g to teach a l esso n to a l l con ceited youths tra ns ,

form ed her da ngl i n g body i nto a Spider a nd co n de m ned ,

her to weave a n d spi n forev er m ore .

Ar c a d ia The favorite hu n ti n g-grou n d Of D I a n a

. A .

de l igh t ful cou ntry O f peaceful pastoral l ife in the ce ntra l

part Of P e l opo n n esus H ere A poll o is reputed to have .

reig n ed .

Ar c a s .S o n o f Jupiter a n d C a ll isto BeI n g drive n fro m .

ho m e by the o ffe n d ed Jun o he a n d his m other were a t ,

l ast fou n d by Jupi t er who pitied the m a n d tra n sform ed

t he m i nto bears a n d afterward tra n sferred the m to the
,

skies where they for m the co n ste llatio ns Of the Great a nd

the Litt l e Bear S ee C a llist o . .

A r c h e m o r u s ( ar -ke m o -rus ) H ypsipy l e bei n g eu

’
.

trusted with the duty o f te n di n g the you n g c hi l d

‘

O phe l tes so n o f Lycurgus l aid him upo n the grou nd

, ,
 A R CH ER Y —A R GU S 35

while S he directed the Seve n gainst Thebes to a well of

water U po n her retur n S he foun d the C hil d dead
.

withi n the co ils O f a s n ake A m phiaraus dec lared the .

repti le t o b e a m ys t erious creature se nt by Z eus a n d o n

f

this accou t hen re -n a m ed the chi l d A rche m orus the ,

daw n of m ys t er y .
”

Ar c h e r y . See Uller , V a li .

Ar e o p g
a u s hill n ear A the n s ; S ite Of
( ar -e-O
p
’
-
a gu s ) . A
the Pa rt he n o n the tribu na l w here Mars ( G reek
. A lso ,

Ar es) was tried for m urder The j udges were ca lled .

a r eop a git oe .

Ar e s The Gree k n am e fo r Mars . See M a rs .

Ar e t h (
u sa ar O n e O f the
-e m ost beautifu l
a n d virtuous of D ia n a s n y m phs She was pursued by ’
.

A lpheus a river go d but escaped by be in g tra nsfor m ed

, ,

by D ia na i n to a strea m which flowe d u n dergrou n d .

Ar ge s O ne Of the three cyc l ops H e repre .

se nted a strea m of l ight .

'
Ar g o p e (
i ar -j i o -
p )
e A n y m ph the m other O f Tha m yris , .

Ar go .The ship bui l t by Jaso n for the expeditio n Of the

A rgo nauts the largest shi p tha t had ever bee n see n in
,

Greece .

Ar go n a u t s The n a m e give n to the fifty heroes who

. ,

u nder Jason sai l ed to C o l chis in the S hip A rgo to sec iI re

, ,

the Gol de n Fl eece .

Ar go s A city in A rgol is dedic a ted to Ju n o

. .

Ar g u s A m yriad eyed giant who was set to watch I O

.
-
,

a beaut iful m aide n who had bee n co n v erted i nto a ,

heifer by Jupiter in order to co ncea l his i ntrigue fro m

36 A R I AD NE

the eyes of his watchful spouse Ju n o H al f of the eyes .

O f A rgus s l ept whi l e the other ha l f waked a n d watched .

S O dutiful was he that Jupiter w a s preve nted fro m stea l

in g eve n a g l a n ce at I O Jupiter ca lled to his aid his .

faithful m esse n ger M ercury who first lu lled A rgus to

, ,

s l eep a n d the n ki l led him but before he c ou l d drive the ,

heifer away Jun o disco vered his desig n a n d se nt a tor

, ,

m en t in g ga d fly to attack the beautiful beast which ,

caused her to rush m a dl y fro m cou ntry to country a n d ,

t o p l un ge i nto the sea which w a s afterward ca ll ed the

“

I o n ia n sea S he u lti m ate l y l a n ded in Egypt w here

.

Jupiter restored her to the beautiful m aide n she h a d

o nce bee n H ere her s o n Epaph us w a s born who hé
.
,

ca m e the first kin g a n d the fou n der Of M e m phis Jun o .

,

grievi n g over the l oss Of her faithful A rgus gathered up ,

his m yriad eyes a n d with them bedecked the t a i l O f her

,

favorite bird the peacock that she m ight ever have a

, ,

m e m e n to O f him n ear her side .

Ar ia d n e ( ri
a - The beautiful daugh t er o f M i nos ,

ki n g Of C rete By m ean s Of a c l ew Of thread S he en

.

ab led Theseus to escape fro m the fearfu l lab yri n th in ,

which S O m an y ha n dso m e yout hs a n d beautiful m aidens

Of Athe n s had bee n devoured by the dreaded Mi n otaur ,

a n d sai l ed with h im a n d his co m pa n io n s t o the beautifu l

is la n d Of N axos O verco m e with fatigue sh e fel l as leep

.
,

o n the shore a n d the i n co n sta n t Theseus with his c o m

, ,

pa nio n s sai led a w ay l eavi n g her behi n d O n w aki ng

, ,
.
,

S he w a s fi lled with grief a n d despair a n d wept b it t e rl v .

E cho ca m e t o tau n t her with her m ocki n g cries V e nu s .

conso l ed her a n d Bacchus soo n after w o oed a n d w o n

,

her H e gave her a crown Of seve n sta rs w hich beca m e

.
,

the co nste llatio n C oro na Borea lis o r N orthern C ro wn

, , .
 A R I O N —A S C A LA P H U S 37

Ar io n ( a ce l ebrated l yric
A poet a n d m usicia n

who resided at the court o f P eria n der ki ng Of C ori nth ,

.

A f t er visi t i n g other cou ntries he e m ba rked at S a r ent u m

to return ho m e but the sea m e n robbed him a n d threat
,

e ned to cast him i nto the s ea H e begged the m to l e t .

him p l ay o n ce m or e upo n his harp before they cast him

overboard The dolphi n s charm ed with the m usic
.
, ,

flocked aroun d the vesse l a n d whe n A rio n threw him ,

se l f i n to the sea o n e of the m too k him up a n d carried

,

him to Taena r us n ear C ori n th ,

I n recog n itio n of this .

ki n d ly act the dol phi n was turned i n to a co n ste llatio n

,

of heave n The n a m e A rio n is a l so app lied to a wi nged

.

horse which was wo n derfu lly fleet .

A r ist ae u s( is ar- S o n of A po l l o a n d C yre n e H e .

presided over the trees of the forest acquainted m a n ,

kin d with the uses o f ho ney a n d o il a n d showed how ,

o il is obtai n ed fro m o l ives Like his s o n A ct aeo n he .

, ,

was a fa m ous hunter .

A r m a t a (ar A na m e so m eti m es app l ied to V e nus .

A r s in oe (ar-S i n o ) A n adm irer o f V e nus who m S he

’
-e .
,

d is l iked , a nd tra nsfor m ed i nto a sto n e .

A r t e l n is ( ar te -m is ) G od d ess of the C hase The Gr e

’
. .

c ia n n a m e fo r D ia n a The festiva l s in her . ho n or were

he l d at D e l phi a nd were ca ll ed A rte m isia .

Art s . See M u ses ,

P hid ia s .

A r u sp ic e s ( a -rus ’
—
p i se z ) A n a m e appl ied to soothsayers
a nd to sacrificia l priests .

A sc a l a p h u s ( as -ka l
a fus ) H e i n for m ed Pluto that
’
- .

P roserpi n e had eate n po m egra n ate seeds in the i n fer n a l

 A S C AN I U S — A S TYA N A X

region s which act preve nted her fro m return ing t o t he

,

earth C eres the m other o f P roserpi n e pu n is h e d A s

.
, ,

c a l a phu s by cha n gi n g him i n to a n o w l the bird o f il l ,

o m e n Jupiter to co m for t C eres perm itted P roserpi ne

.
, ,

to spe n d s ix m on ths o f the year with her m o t her o n the

earth a n d the rem ai n der o f the year with P l ut o in
.

H ades .

' -
A sc a ( as ka i
n iu s The so n o f ZEn ea s a n d C reusa
- n u s) . .

A s c l e p ia ( as -k l e pi-a ) F estival s in ho n or of fES c u l a pius

’

. .

'
A s c l e p iu s ( a s -k l e pi-u s ) An ot her n a m e fo r E sc u l a pius . .

A s c o l ia ( as -ko li -a ) Bott l es o f l eather used in the Gre

’

cia n gam es The ter m is a lso app l ied to Bacchana l ia n

.

feasts .

A so p u s (a A river-god whose daughter Ailgina , ,

was carried o ff by Jupiter .

A s s a b in u s ( a s -s a The Ethiopian n a m e for

Jupiter .

A ss ’
s E a rs . S ee M id a s .

A st a rte( as The P hoen ician na m e for V e nus .

A s t e r ia ( as -te r i a ) D aughter o f C aens a n d goddess o f

’

.
,

the starry n ight Jupiter un der the form o f a n eagl e .

, ,

carried her Off .

'
A s t r a eu s ( as S e e B o r ea s , Wind Go d s .

A st r e a ( as D aughter of Z eus a nd The m is , a nd

m o t her
of N e m esis . G oddess of jus t ice a nd good faith
m odesty a n d truth .

A st r o no my . S ee Ura nia S ta rs .

A st S ee A nd ro m a c he
’

ya n a x ( a s-t i a -n a x ) . .
 A TA LA N TA — A TLA S 89

At a l a n t a ( -
at a D aughter
of C ae neus a n d a n a ,

tive of A rcadia She w a s exceedi ng ly beau t ifu l a n d

.
,

had m a n y suitors but was forbidd en by the orac l e to

, , ,

m arry . Be 1 ng very fleet of foot she agreed t o m arry the

_ ,

o n e who shoul d outstrip he r in the race but t o pre ve nt , ,

her ad m irers fro m e n teri n g the lists she dec lared that ,

a l l w h o were defeated shou l d be s l ai n Th e ter m s w ere .

hard but H ipp om e nes d esirI ng to w in her i n voked t he

, , ,

aid of V e nus who gave him three go lde n app les o n e o f

, ,

which he ro lled at the fee t of A t a la n ta whe n ever s he

passed him S he stopped to pick the m up a n d he w a s
.
,

thus e nabled to reach the goa l first a n d w o n the prize ,

.

I n the exc ess of his joy he forgot to re t ur n tha n ks to

V e n us for her assista n ce which o ff e n ded the god d ess
, ,

a n d s he tur n ed t he m both i nto l io n s S ee P a r t heniu m . .

At e Th e goddess of m ischief gui lt discord a n d , ,

a ll evi l After bei n g ba n ished fro m heave n by Jupiter

.
,

she w a n dered over the earth searchi ng fo r victi m s a n d ,

r u n nI ng before m en to m is l ead the m S he w a s swift o f .

foot a n d stro n g in body .

A t h a m a s ( a t h a -m a s ) H usba n d of Leucot hea o r I no

’
.
.
,

At h e n a (a An other na m e for M i n erva a s the

tute l ary goddess of Athe n s .

At h o s A pro m o n tory in G reece o n which the

Persia n fleet was wrecked by Boreas t he N orth W i nd , ,

in a nswer to the prayer of the A the n ia n s A n a l tar to .

Boreas was afterward erected by th e m .

A t l a n t id s ( a t N y m phs the Offsp ri n g of At l as

, ,

a n d be l o n gi n g to the sa m e order as the Pleiads .

At l a s. A n e n or m ous gia nt who stood u po n the w ester n

c onfine s o f t he ea r t h , a n d supported t he h ea vens o n his
40 A TREUS

shoul ders K i n g o f Maurita nia t he n orth w estern po r

.
,

tio n of A frica H ercu l es in h is search for the H esperian

.
,

appl es was to l d by A t las that he woul d get the m for

,

him if H ercul es woul d re l ieve him o f his burde n t o ,

which propositio n H ercu l es acce d ed A tl as stol e i nto .

t he garde n o f the H esperides s l e w the drago n in his

-
,

s leep p lucked the gol de n app l es a n d retur n ed nu m o

, ,

l ested . H is re l ief fro m the burde n o f the worl d w a s s o

sweet that he resol ved that H ercu les m ight c o nti nue to
bear the l oad a n d dec l ared t hat he wou l d carry the
,

appl es to Eur ystheus who had appoi n ted the twel e v

l abors to H ercu l es A s a specia l favor H ercul es asked

.
,

that A t l as woul d assu m e the l oad whi l e he adjusted a

cushion to his shoul ders To this A tl as readi ly asse n ted .
,

a n d throwi n g the go l de n app l es to the grou n d took up ,

the l oad he had s o l o n g bor n e but H ercul es i n stead o f , ,

prepari n g his shoul ders fo r the b ur de n picked up the ,

appl es a n d l eft A t las as he had first fou n d h im A t las

,
.

had seve n daughters by his wife P l eio n e a n d seve n by ,

h is wife E t hra Th e form er were cal l ed Pl eiades ; the

.

l atter H yades B oth groups beca m e ce l estia l c o n st el

.

l a t io n s The At la n tids a n d the H esperides other

.
,

n y m phs are a lso accou n ted the offspri n g of A t l as

,
Fo r .

his i n hospita lity to P erseus that ki n g cha n ged A t la s ,

i n to the m ou n tai n which bears his n a m e .

A t r e u s ( a tre u s ) S o n o f P e l ops a n d H ippoda m ia He

’
- . .

a n d his brother Thyestes havi n g s l ai n C hrysippus were , ,

obliged to l eave Elis a n d fou n d ref uge in M yc e n ee A ft e r

,
.

the death o f E urystheus A treus bec a m e ruler o f Myc en ae

,
.

fEro pe wife o f A treus a n d d aughter o f M i n os w a s i h

, ,

d u c e d by Thyestes to assis t h im in carryi n g o ff the ra m

wit h t he gol de n fleece t he po ss es si on o f w h ic h w a s su p
,
42 A U GUR Y A V E R N US

Au gu ry . the flight o f birds the exa m i nation of the

By ,

e n trai ls o f a n i m a ls a n d in other ways the Ro m an s as

, ,

su m ed to be ab le to forete ll future eve nts The o ffi c ia t .

ing priest w a s ca ll ed a n augur The woodpecker was .

regarded as a sacred sym bo l o f prophecy Later the .

sy m bo l w a s cha n ged to the figur e o f a youth with a

woodpecker o n his head .

A u l is The port where the Greek fleet of m ore

tha n a tho usa n d ships asse m bled before setti ng o ut for
Troy .

A u l o n ia d ( -
au l o ni- adz ) See N ymp hs
’ ‘

s . .

A u ra The goddess of the Morn i ng W i n d ;

Au ro r a The goddess of the m orn i n g whose rosy fin

.

gers ope the gates o f day D aughter of S o l a n d m other

.

o f the stars a n d wi n ds By so m e she w a s regarded as

.

the daughter of Theia a n d H yperio n A t her ap proach .

the red bea m s o f m orn i n g spread n o t u nl ike the finge rs .

o f a gia t ha d he ce the rosy fi nge re d m orn

n n n ,
- By .
"

so m e she is figured as ridi ng in a gol de n c ha r iot dra wn

by four white horses by others as ridi n g o n the wi n ged ,

horse Pegasus which Jupiter gave A urora after Bel

, ,

lero pho n had fai l ed t o ride it up the heights of O ly m pus .

A u st e r The South W i n d . A so n of Jupiter .

'
Aut o n e e ( a w -to n o -
e) O n e of the
four daughters o f C a d
m u s a n d H ar m o n ia She m arried A rist aeus a n d beca m e
.
,

the m other o f A ctaeo n the fam ous hu n ts m a n , .

Av e r n u s ( a A l ake
situated at the e ntra n ce of
the i n fern al regio n s which was so poiso n ous that birds
, ,

in a t te m pti n g to fly ov er it fell lifeles s into it s w ate rs ,

.
 AV E R R U N C U S —BA C C H U S 43

'
A ve rr un c u s ( ver D - -r u n c u s de us ) A m o n g the
‘

e lls a .

Rom a n s a god who cou l d divert

,
m en fro m doi n g evi l .

A xe See D aed a lus

. .

B a a l A Ph oen icia n The na m e i m p l ies deity .

“
l ord , a nd is app l ied to the su n Baa lbek m ea n s city .
"

of the su n . The G reeks ca ll ed that city H e l iopo l is

'
B a a ( b a
l -p e a
a l r A M oabitish go d , presidi n g
over obsce n ity a n d l ice ntious n ess .

B a b es . S e e R um ina D ea ,
I n a nt s
f .

B a c c h a nt es ( bac
The priestesses who with
wi l d shouts a n d so n gs took part in the Baccha n a lia o r ,

feasts o f Bacchus .

B a c c hus reve lry a n d wi n e H e was Go d of .

the s o n o f Jupiter a n d Se m e l e a nd is supposed t o have ,

bee n bor n at Thebes Ju n o beco m in g jea lous o f S e m e le .

, ,

e n treated Jupiter that he shoul d prese n t hi m sel f before

S e m e l e in a ll his m ajesty as the go d o f Thu n der S e m ele .

was ki ll ed by o ne o f Jupiter s fearful bo lts ; but in the ’

m o m e nt o f her death gave birth to Bacchus To pre .

serve him fro m the rag e o f Ju n o he w a s secret ly c o n ,

v eye d by H er m es the m esse n ger o f the gods to a p l ace

, ,

call ed Nysa where his chi l dhood was happi ly spe n t a m o n g

,

the ny m phs satyrs herds e a m ,

n n d vi e te n ders F ro m
n -
, , .

these he acquired a k n ow l edge o f m a n y o f the arts o f

peace W he n he reached m a n hood he started o n a n ex
.

te n ded jour n ey a n d o n the way he i n structed the peo

, , ,

p l e in the arts he possessed a n d was everywhere rec e ived ,

a s a great be n efactor Bei n g opposed by Lycurgus ki n g .

,
44 BA KE R — BE AU TY

of Thrace he dro ve th is m o n arch m a d a n d c a use d him

,

to d estroy h is so n a n d afterward in despair to s l ay , , ,

hi m se l f th us doubt less represe nti n g the evil effects of

, , ,

over i n du lge nce in the use o f wi ne Bacchus is som e

- .

ti m es styled t he go d of m a n y n a m es The foll owi n g .

are am o n g the m ost com m o n D io nysius D ithyra m bus “

Bro m ius Bifo r m is Br is aeu s I acchus Le n aeus Lyc eu s

, , , , , ,

Liber Pater A fter A riad ne had bee n deserted by The

.

seus Bacchus m arried her

, .

B a k er . See P ilu m nu s .

'
B a l io( ba lsi os ) A horse giv en to -
. P e l eus by N ept un e
as a w eddin g prese nt .

B a rk er . See A nu bis .

B a s sa r id e s b
( sa -
sar 1 -d ez ) . A n a m e so m eti m es applied
to the priestesses of Bacchus .

B a t t le . S ee V a lha lla .

B a t t us am e of the rustic w ho i n for m ed Apollo

. The n

o f the trick the m ischievous M ercury p l ayed upo n him

in stea l i n g a n d hidi n g away his catt le .

B a uc ( baw
is s is ) P hi l e m o n a n d his devoted wife Ba u
.

cis a n aged coup le o n ce e ntertai n ed Jupiter so ho s

, ,

p it a b l y that he ,tra n sfor m ed their hu m b l e abode i n to a

sp le n did te m pl e a n d gra n t ed their request that whe n,

dea t h ca m e they m ight die together A t death they .

were tra n sform ed i nto two trees a n oa k a n d a li n de n , ,

a n d gre w side by side .

B ea r . S ee C a ll is t o , A r ea s , C a llist e, P a r t heniu m .

B e a ut S A l i A nd m d A t h A i d n
‘

y ee g a
. a r o e a , r e u s a r a e , , ,

A t a la nt a , B r iseis C leit us , Ga la t cea , G a nym ed e, H elena ,

.
 BE D — B ELU S

H ipp o d a mia H yla s H yp er io n I o La o d a m ia M ed u sa

, , , , ,

N a rc iss us N io he, P enelop e P r oserp ine, S t henebwa , V enus

, , .

B ed . See D a m a s t es , P r o cr us t es .

B e e s. See M ello na .

B e l isa l n a ( be l
- — '
is a m a ) . The Quee n of H eave n , a god
dess of the Gau l s .

B ellero pho n
( The hero who
- s
b el l é r ol ew the ’

C hi m aera a stra n ge creature co m posed of a h o n I n fro n t

,

a goat in the m idd l e a n d a serpe n t in the rear I t in , .

fes t e d the m ou n tai n s a n d des t royed a ll who attacked it ,

.

Ridin g o n the back of P egasus the wi nged horse Bel , ,

l ero pho n was carried just high e n ough to be o u t of reach

of the m o nster s jaws a n d yet w a s ab le to u se his spear
’
,

with d ead ly e ffect .

' “
B ell ero s ( be l l e ros) Be l l eropho n sig
- n ifies s l ayer o
. f
Belle ro s ”
. So m e suppose t ha t B e llerO pho n accide n ta l ly
ki lled a perso n by tha t n a m e a n d that he paid the ,

pe na l t y fo r th a t cri m e by havi n g to fight the C hi m aera .

B ello na ( bel war W ife of Mars . G oddess of .

—
H er priests were ca l led Be llo n a r ii O n the 2 4t h of .

March Bello n a s D a y her votaries hacked the m se l ves

,
’
,

with k nives a n d dra n k the b l ood o f their sacrifices

, .

B elp h e go r ( b e l fe gor
-
)
’

. See B a a l p eo r
- .

B elus The s o n o f N eptu n e a n d Libya H e s u c .

c ee d e d t o the thro n e o f Egypt a n d m arryi n g A n c ir r ho e , ,

a d aughter o f the N i le beca me the father o f t w o so ns , ,

Egypt u s a n d D a na u s Be l us is a l so the C ha l dea n n a m e

.

o f the s un .
46 B E R E C YN T H I A — B LU E E Y E S

B e r e c yn t h ia ( b e e sin
r - -
) The n a m
’
e of
t hi
C-
ybe
a l e or .
,

Rhea fro m ,
a m ounta i n where she was w orshiped .

B ia s. of M e la m p us the prophet a n d priest who

Bro t her ,

cured t he daugh t ers of Proetus o f the stra nge ha l l uci n a

tio n o f supposi ng that they were cows a n d who we nt .

about l o w i n g l ike ki n e They afterwards beca me the .

w ives o f Bias a n d Me l a m pus .

B if o r m is the m an y n a m es applied
( b i O ne of

to Bacchus Th e term sig n ifies havi n g two form s or

.
,

two faces H e was so m eti m es represe n ted as bearde d

.

a n d so m eti m es beard l ess .

B ifr o n s ( b l fro nz ) . The ter m sig n ifies two —

headed , a nd

was appl ied to Ja nus .

B ir d s. Eagl e ( see
Ga nymed e, Jup it er ) , H awk ( N ys a s ) ,
H oopoe ( P hilo m el a ) ,
K i n gfisher ( H a l c y )
o n ,
Lark
S
( yc lla ) M agpies
,
( P i erid es ) N ighti n ga l e ( P hil o m e la
, ) ,

O wl ( P o lyp h o nt e) P artridge , ( P er d i x ) P heasa n t ,

I
( y)t s S w ,
a l l o w ( Ph ilo m el a ) S w a n C
( yg n u s ) V u l t u,
re ,

( E r c hid n a P ro m et heus
,
T i t y )
u s W oodpecker
, ( P io u s ) , ,

A rgus , A ugur y, C o ro nis , H a rp ies ,

H er c ules , S ir ens ,
S t ymp ha lid es .

B ir t h s . S e e Luein a , Leva na , C lo t he , F a t es , P il umnus .

B la c k s m it h . S ee V u lc a n , B ro nt es .

B la m e. See M o m us .

B l in d . S e e Phinea s , P l ut o ,
Tha myr is , Tires ia s .

B lo o d . See H ya c int hu s H yd r a M ed usa , , .

B lo sso m in g . S e e T ha les .

B l u e E ye s . See Gla u k op is .
 BO A R M
BU BO N A 47

Bo ar . S ee H er c u les Leela p s ,
.

'
B o na D e a ( b o n a de a ) Th
’

e goddess of fe rt il ity wor

.
,

s h ipe d chie fly by t he Ro m a n m atro n s .

bo s god of success
'

E Th e
’
B o n us vc n t u s ( n u e .

B o rea s ( bo’

re S ee Wind Go d s C hlo r is
, .

Bo u n d a r ie s . See Ter m inu s , H erm ce .

B o xin g . See P o lluce, Ga m es .

B ra hm a The chief divi nity a m o ng the

H i n dus .

B r ia r e u s (b -
rl a r -
e us ) . A hu dred ha nded gia n t
n - . O ne
of the C e nti m a n i .

B r ib e r y. See M yr t ilu s .

B r is se u s See B a c c hus The

( b r i . n am e ha s refer
e n ce to the use of grapes a n d ho ney .

B r is e is ( b r i beaut ifu l m aide n who fe ll to the

A
lo t of A chi lles in the d iV iS l o n of the spoi ls after the siege
of Troy .

B r it o m a r t is ( brit —
m ar tis ) a m e applied to D ia na
-o
'
A n

as protector of the i nter ests of fisher m e n o n l akes a n d

rivers a n d o n the shores a n d ar m s o f the sea
, .

B ro m iu s ( bro m i—u )
’
s . See B a c c hu s .

B ro nt es the three C ycl ops The O ne of .

bl acks m ith who m anufactured thu n der .

B r o n z e Age See Go ld en A ge . .

B u b o n a ( bu A rura l divi nity goddess of herds ,

m en .
48 B UD D H A — C AD M U S

B ud d h a The foun der of the Buddhist re

l igio n the perso n ificatio n of the preservi n g power of the
,

divi n e spirit .

B u l lo S ee Ap is , E urop a , F o r t una M ilo Osiris ,

’

c k .
, ,

Phoenix, Z et hu s .

B u s ir is ( b u Am ong
the wo n derful deeds re lated
o f A chi l l es
was the s layi ng o f Busiris whose practise ,

had bee n to sacrifice a l l stra n gers that ve ntured in to his

dom i n io n s .

B yb l is iece of S o l who wept so

A n m uch that
she was cha nged i n to a fou n tai n .

C a b ir i ( k a Grecia n divi n ities worshiped e spe

c ia ll y in Le m n os , S a m othrace a n d I m bros
, The rites .

atten din g their worship are supposed to have bee n quite

obsce n e .

Ca c o d ae m o n (kak-o An evi l spirit .

Ca c us ul can a three headed gia nt

A so n o f V ,
-

slai n by H ercu l es fo r steali n g so m e of Geryo n s cows ’

,

which Hercul es h a d captured .

C a d m il u s ( kad S o m eti m es ca l l ed C a sm il us a ,

n a m e app l ied to Mercury by t he in ha b it a n t s of S a m o _

thrace a n d t h e n eighbori ng isl an ds especia ll y in his o ffic e ,

o f the go d who causes the flocks a n d herds to be pro l ific .

Ca d mus father of Se m e l e a n d brother o f

Th e
Europa H e was o n e o f the ear liest o f the G reek de m i
.

gods a n d is said t o have i n ve n ted letters his al phabet

, ,

co nsisti ng o f sixtee n characters H e fou nded Thebes .

,
50 C A LLIO P E— C A M I LLU S

'-
C a l l io p e ( c a l p )
e O n e o f the
-l i o
n i n e Muse s , m othe
. r

of O rpheus , a n d bel oved of Apol l o S h e p resided over .

rhetoric a n d epic poetry . By so m e s he is accoun ted the

m other o f H y m e n .

C a l l ir r h o e ( c a l -lir ho -e)
’
. O ne of the O cea n ids , n ym phs
of fou ntai n s a nd strea m s .

C a l l is t e I n A rcadia , D ia n awas worshiped

u der the
n for m of a s e bear ,
h - a nd ca lled C a lliste .

C a l l is t o ( k a l bel oved of An A rcadia n m ai d e n

Jupiter who o ut of jea lo us hate o n the part o f Jun o
, , ,

h is rightfu l sp o use was cha n ged by her i n to a s he~

,
be a r
a n d drive n i n to the forest H ere her so n A rcas whi l e .
,

hu nti n g wou l d have ki ll ed her had n o t Jupiter i n ter

, ,

ve ned a n d cha n ged him i nto a li e -bear They were

,
.

both tra n sform ed into the co nste llatio ns the Great Bear
a n d the Litt l e Bear .

C a lpe ( k al p )
e O ne of the P illars of H ercu l es .

C a lv es . S ee P r o t eus .

'
Ca l yd o n ia n ( do i )B The
o a r ferocious cal i
- - -
n an .

beast that laid waste the cou ntry arou n d C a lydo n defy ,

in g the spears of ordi nary m e n a n d fi na l l y s lai n by ,

Me l eager .

C a l yp s o ( k a D aughter of O cea n us a n d quee n of ,

the is lan d of O gygia o n which U lysses was w recke d , ,

a n d where he was prevai l ed u po n to stay seve n so m e ,

say eight years See Ulyss es Tr in a cr ia

, .
,
.

Ca l hil l u s ( c a am e give n to Mercury o n A n

accou nt of his o ffice as m i nister t o the gods Al so the .

na m e of o ne of the u nbor n spirits see n by A n chises in

 C AM P U S M A R TI U S — C ARN EUS 51

H ades who were to achieve great n ess at a later day

, a nd

in Ro m e The others were Ro m u l us Brutus C aesar

.
, , ,

a n d the G racchi .

'
C a m pus M a r t in s ( ca m pus ’
m a r s hi u s
-
) . See Ma rs .

C a na c h e ( anca ’
-k e
) . O ne of A ct aeo n s hou n ds ’
.

C a no p u s (ca The god of water a m o ng the

Egyptia ns .

'
C a pa ne us ( pa e ) O n e of the seve
ca - n agai n st -
n us .

Thebes so n of H ippo n ous of Argos

,
.

'
C a pula ( cap u -l a
) A cup co n st ructed with ear s or
.

ha n d les used in dri nki ng the hea lth o f the go d s

,
.

"

( cap to
C a p it o l in u s -i- O ne of Jupiter s n a m es ’
.

So ca lled because a te m p le on the C apito li ne hi ll was

dedicated to him .

'
C a p r ip e d ) es ( a
c agoat
- i
p p
r e d ez
- . F ro m c a p er , , a nd

p es a,foot A n a m e give n to the F.au n s S atyrs , , a nd

Egipa ns because l ike Pa n they had goat s feet

’
, , ,

C a p r o t in a ( cap -ro -t l n a
) . An other n a m e for Ju no .

Ca r n e ia
( car A S parta n festiva l he l d in August ,

a n d co n d ucted with m uch zea l in ho n or of C ar n eus .

Fo r severa l days duri n g its co n ti n ua n ce the peopl e

, ,

woul d re m ove fro m the cities a nd dwe ll in te nts in the

groves a n d o n the hi llsides t o escape the heat of the dog
“

days .

Ca (
rn eu scar A n a m e app l ied to A po l l o who , ,

as go d of su m m er heat creates disease a n d whose , ,

arrows carry death i nto the cities a n d towns .

52 C A RP O — C A S TA LI D E S

Ca rp o Tha llo a n d C arpo were the two goddesses of

.

seaso n s The latter was worshiped in A the n s a s the

.

goddess of harvest a n d fruit .

Ca s sa nd ra ( cas The beautifu l daughter of

P ria m a n d H ecuba a n d sister of Paris

, A pol lo best o wed .

upo n her the gift of prophecy but fail i ng to w in her ,

l ove a n d bei n g un ab l e to reca ll his gift he a nn ull ed her

, ,
'
power by causi n g the peop l e to disbe l ieve her state
m e n ts A fter the siege o f Troy she w a s carried o ff by
.

A ga m e m n o n as a trophy of war .

C a s s io p e ia ( cas s i-o
’
W ife of C epheus a n d m other
of the beautiful A n dro m eda So vai n was she of her .

da u ghter s beauty that sh e dec lared the beauty of t he

’
.

s ea n y m phs was n o t to be co m pared to hers

- This gave .

offe n se to N eptu n e who thereupo n visited the c o u nt r v

,

w ith a great flood a n d se n t a dreadful s ea -m n ster to

, o

d estroy both m en a n d cattl e C epheus was i n for m ed by

.

t he orac l e that the evi l wou l d n o t abate u n less he sa c

r ific e d A n dro m eda who was thereupo n chai n ed t o a
,

rock to b e devoured by the frightfu l beast H ere .

P erseus who was flyi n g ho m eward after havi ng s l ai n

,

the Gorgo n Medusa d iscovered An dro m eda just in ti m e

,

to rescue her fro m the ja w s o f t he terrib l e sea m o nster

-
,

a n d was rewarded by receivi n g her as his wife P erseus .

w a s ever in such high favo r with the gods that , a t his

d eath he a nd A n dro m eda a n d C assiopeia were chan g e
,
d
to a co n ste llatio n o f the stars .

C a s t a l ia ( cas -ta l i -a )
’
The fou n tai n of the Muses o n
.

Moun t Par n assus .

C s t a l id e s ( cas t a l 1 d ez )
a - - A na m e app lied t othe Mus es ,
fro m the foun ta i n C asta lia .
 C AS TOR — C EN TA U R S 53

C a st o r. Jupit er S on of twi brother o f a nd Leda , a nd n -

P o l l ux H e w a s ski l led in horse m a n ship

. H e joi ned .

Me leager in search of the C a ly d o n i a n Be a r a n d was ,

,

pro m i n e nt in the expeditio n o f the A rgo n aut s S ee .

D ioscu ri

C a t t le . See R u m ina .

C a uc a su s ( c a w
’
ca - sus) . S ee P r o m et heus .

C a ut her The lake o f para dise in Mo ha m m e

d a n m ythol ogy Every be l iever who tastes o f it s waters
.

wi ll thirst n o m ore .

C a ve . See A m a lt hcea , C ha rybd is C hir o n , C r o nus Gr eece , , ,

H o r n Ga t e, I d a ,
N er eid es .

C e c r o p ia ( -
se o ro pi ) ’
-a . S e e C ec rop s .

C ec ro p s over the pri m it ive race o f Ki ng

A ttica H e estab l ished h i m se l f in the A cropo lis o f
.

A the n s a n d gathered arou nd h im a tow n ship which he

,

c a lled C ecropia H e had three daughters H erse.

, ,

A gl a u ru s a n d P a n d ro su s
,
H erse beca m e the m o t her o f .

C eryx fro m who m the pr i est ly fa m i ly o f her a l d s in A ttica

,

derived their li n eage A gl a u r u s bore a d aughter t o the go d .

A res P a n d ro su s beca m e the first priestess o f A t he n e

. .

C e l a an o ( se O ne the three
of H arpies ha l f ,

wo m a n ha l f bird ,
. C all ed a l so P odarge . See H a rp ies .

C e nt a u rs xio n ; represe nted C hi l dre n of I

with the head ar m s a n d body o f a m a n supported u po n
, , ,

the body a n d l egs o f a horse The co m bats betwee n .

the m a n d the Lapith ae for m ed a n attractive subject for

the G reek scul ptors The C e n taurs l ived in Thessa ly . .
54 C EN T M AN I I C ER E S

'-
C e n t im a n i ( ti m a n i) Three
c enso
- n s of U ra nu s a n d .

Gaea hideous hu n dred ha n ded creatures se nt t o j o m t he

,
-

Tita n s in Tartarus They assisted l n m akin g t he dark .

n ess terrib l e by their u n ceasi n g c l a m or fo r freedo m .

They were n a m ed C ottus Briare u s a n d Gyges , ,

C e p h a l u s ( sef a-l u s ) H e was regarded as the type o f

’

co nsta n cy b ut the jeal ousy o f P rocris , his wife , had been

,

aroused by A ura the goddess o f the m orn i ng wi n d , ,

whose sly adva n ces C ephal us had steadfast ly withstood .

To assure herse lf P rocris o n e day secreted herse l f in the

,

thicket n ear by where C ephalus was won t t o rest fro m the

fatigue of t he chase a n d fro m the heat o f the n oon day ,

su n. C epha lus heari n g a s light n oise in the thic k et a n d

.
,

m istaki n g it fo r that o f a wi l d beast hurl ed his spear ,

a n d s l e w P rocris .

C ep h e u s ( se fe ’
-u s
) . S ee C a ssiop eia .

C eph is s u s ( se S ee R iver-go d s .

' -
C e r a u n iu s ( rau i Th e F u l m i
s e-n ator A n a m e n us ) . .

appl ied by the Greeks to Jupiter o n accou n t of his

terrib le thu n d erbo lts .

C erb er us ( ser be -rus

) T h e three -headed
’
d o g o f P l uto .

that guarded the e n tra n ce to H ades a n d preve nted the ,

l ivi n g fro m e n teri n g a n d the dead fro m co m i n g o u t , .

See The Twelf t h La bo r of H erc ules .

C e r c yo n ( ser s i-oh ) A powerful gia nt slai n b y Theseus

’
.

at Eleusis .

C er e m o See Themis
n ie s . .

C e r e s ( s e rez ) D au gh ter of C ro nus a n d Rhea a n d m other

’

of P roserpi n e S he was the god d ess of agricu lture a n d

.
 C E R YN EA ~ C H AO S 55

of civilizatio n W he n Pl uto sto l e her beautifu l a n d b e

.

l oved daughter C eres l ighted her torch a n d m ou n ti n g

, ,

her chariot draw n by w inged sn a k es p assed through a ll

‘

l a nds in search of her W herever s he was hospitab ly

.

received s he l eft her b l essi n g in t he form o f ins t ructio n

in the a rts of agriculture To Ge l e n s sh e w a s specia ll y
.

gra t eful a n d taught him the use o f the p low a n d gave

, ,

to his s o n Tripto le m us her s n ake drawn c har i ot that he

-

m ight t rave l t h rough a l l l a n ds a n d teach the i n habitan ts

the arts s he ha d taught h im D e m eter Magna D ea .
, ,

Bo n a D ea A l m a M a m m o sa Th es m 0 pho ra are ot her

, , ,

n am es app l ied to C eres See A mba r ua lia Thesm op ho r a

.
,
.

C e r yn ea ( a
s er i
- m e o f a hi l l a n d hu
Th e
n t i n g n

district near the borders of A rcadia an d A chaia .

C e r yn e a n S t a g ( The capture
se i
r -
o f this fleet
a ni m al co n stituted the fourth l abor of H ercules H is .

horn s w ere go l d a n d his hoofs were brass H is speed .

was so great that H ercules was ob liged to drive him i nto

the deep s n ows o f t he n orth la n d before he coul d be
caught T his stag was sacred to D iana havi ng bee n
.
,

dedicated by o n e of t he Pl eia d s
‘

C e r yx See C ec r op s .

C e st u s . V e us n
’
m agic l ove -i n citi n g girdle .

C et o W ife of P horcys a nd m other of the three

Gorgo n s a nd the three G r aeae . See D eino .

C h a lk e ia ( k ya ) A festival hel d a nn ua lly

-
al k e
’
. in
O ctober in ho nor of V ul ca n a n d A th e n e .

Cha o s perso n ificatio n o f the co n fusio n

A of

m a t t er as it exi st ed befor e t he c r ea t i on .
56 C H A RIO T — C H ILD R E N

Cha r io t . S ee Ap o llo , Ju t ur nus , M a rp ess a , N ep t u ne,

P ha et o n , Tr ip t o lem u s .

Cha r is wife of V ul ca n accordi n g to

The .

H o m er . Later writers substitute A phrodite for C haris .

Cha r it e s ( k ar i
’
-t ez
) . See Gra ces .

'
Cha r it e s ia
( kar te zhi ) -
i- -a . A n nual festival s a c c o m
p a n ie d with ga m es m usic , , a nd dan ci n g he l d in hon or ,

o f the C harites .

Cha ro n The aged ferry m an S o n o f N o x a n d ,

E rebus who co n veyed the spirits o f the dead over the

,

river S tyx to the real m s o f H ades The obol us o r pas .

,

sage m on ey was p l aced un der the to n gue o f the dead

-
,
.

Those that fai l ed to produce the to l l were ob l iged to

wa n der about fo r a hu n dred years whe n C haro n woul d ,

fe rry the m over without charge .

Ch a r yb d is ( k a —ib dis )
da ngerous whirlpool n ear the
r
’
A
coast of S icily S cy ll a a n d C harybdis were t w o dread
.

se a m o n sters betwee n which vesse l s were ob l iged to pass

-
, .

Three ti m es each day C harybdis swallowed up t he sur ,

rou n di n g waters a n d ofte n e n gul fed the largest ga lleys

, .

Scy lla w ith h er six huge hideous heads occ u pied a cave ,

un der a rock a n d sa t ever watchi n g for her prey The

,
.

expressio n avoidi n g Scy ll a o nly to fa ll i n to C harybdis ,

”

is ofte n e m p l oyed to represe nt con flicti n g da n gers See .

U lyss es .

C h e l n o sh The natio n a l go d of the Moabites

a nd the Am m o n ites .

C h il d r e n . S ee Na nd ina , Orbo na .
58 C I LI X— C LO TH O

C il ix Brother of C ad m us , and so n of Age n or

a nd Te lephassa .

'
C il l a ro s ( si l l a ros
-
) . See C ylla r os .

C ir c e A go de haired
sorceress the sister of
l n -
,

j Eet es a n d au n t o f Medea S he poiso n ed her husba n d .

a n d w a s ba n ished to Al ea where part of the cre w o f the ,

fleet of U lysses visited her a n d were cha nged by her i n to ,

swi n e o n accoun t o f their glutto ny U lysses co m pelled .

her to restore the m to t heir hum a n form a ga l n H e w a s .

hospitabl y e ntertai n ed by he r fo r a year a n d was after ,

ward assisted by her in his l ater e nterprises .

C is s e t a ( sis One of A ct aeo n s hou n ds

’
.

'
C it h e r id es ( s it hl é r i-d ez ) . The Muses who dwe l t on

Mou n t C it her o n .

C it ie s . See P o lia s .

C ivil iz a t io n . See C er es .

C l e it u s tus ) A beautif ul youth for whom

(k le 1 - Aurora
secured i m m ortal l ife .

C le t a An i n fer i or deity .

C l io Th e Muse who presided over history . S ee

M uses .

C lo a c in a ( The goddess w ho presided over

k l o -
a
the C loac ae or reservoirs of fi l th in Rom e .

C lo t h o The you n gest of the three Fates ,

daughters o f Jupiter a n d T he m is She presided over .

chi ld birth a n d hel d t he dista d fro m which w a s spu n

-
‘

the web o f l ife .

 c r o wns C N EP H 59

Clo w ns The c l ow n s of Lycia were tra n sform ed i n to

.

frog s by Lato na becaus e they forb a de her to dri n k at

‘

o n e of their strea m l ets See M om us . .

C lua c in a ( k l u — a A n a m e app l ied to V e n us .

C l ym e n e c l i m e S ee P ha et o n
’
-n e
( ) . .

C l yt e m n e st a ( k it e m
r l - W ife of Aga m e m n o n ,
sl e w her husba n d a n d m arried ZEgist hu s w ho fearin g ,

her s o n O restes m ight ave n ge his father s death c o n

'
’

spired w it h her to s lay her so n Electra the boy s sister .

,
’
,

he lped him to escape a nd p l aced him u n d er the prote o

tio n o f his u nc l e Strophius ki n g of P hocis H is cousi n , .

Py lades beca m e his i n separab l e frie n d a n d their de v o ,

tio n to each other ha s beco m e a pro verb O restes .

afterward retur n ed a n d sl e w both C lyte m n estra a n d

ZEgist hus a n d the n fled pursued by the F uries l ed by
,

N e m esis goddess of reve n ge

. The oracl e at D e lphi .

i n for m ed him that his c ri m e cou l d o nly be forgive n by

his bri n g in g the s t atue o f D ia n a in Tauris back to Greece ‘

A cco m pa n ied by Py l ades he s et out to fi n d the statue .

Searchi n g in the te m pl e of D ia n a he foun d his l o n g -l ost

sister I phige n ia who co nducted him to the object o f his
search a n d acco m pa n ied him ho m e to Greece where he
, ,

was perm itted to dwe ll in peace See A ga m em no n a n d .

I p higenia

C l yt ie( k l it ) A n y m ph
’
ie
-who at her
. o w n request w as
’

chan ged i nto a sun flower because A po l lo did n o t requite

her l ove To this day she tur n s her face co nti nua ll y to
.

ward the su n he nce to w ard the s u n god Apollo

,
-
, , .

C n e p h ( ne t ) . The Egyptia n creator of the u n iverse .

”
60 c o c vr u s — o o nc o nnm
.

C o c yt u(s The river

cco f La m e n tatio n o ne , of

the five rivers of H ades I t was form ed of the tears . of

the co n de m n ed .

'
C m c ul us ( s e cu -l u s ) . A terrib le robber , so n of V ul ca n .

l us The m ost
a n cie nt of the gods father ,

of S atur n , O cea n us a n d H yperio n

, . Al so ca ll ed U ra nus ,

or H eave n .

C m n a S a l ia r is ( se a s é li
- See A nc ilia
’
n .

C o l c h is The la n d of the G o l de n Fleece t o

which the fa m ous expeditio n of t he A rgo n auts was di
rec t e d

—
.

C o l l in a ( k o l h n a ) . G oddess of the hi ll s .

C o lo n us ( k p l ace n ear A the n s at which a

o A
a te m p l e to the F uries was dedicated .

C o m ed y . See Tha lia .

C o m m er c e . S ee M erc ury .

m p it a l ia ( c o p ta i a )
festiv a l in ho n or of t he
m - i l A
’
C o - - .

Lares a n d P e n ates spiritua l bei ngs worshiped by the,

Ro m an s a n d cel ebrated a ua ly at cross roads I t

,
n n l - .

usually occurred a few days after the S aturna lia .

C o m us reve l ry feasti ng a n d n o c t u r , ,

na l a m use m e nts so m eti m es pictured with torch re

,

versed l ea ni n g in drun ke n s leep agai nst a wall or statue

,
.

C o n t e it
‘
. S ee Ar a c hne .

C o nc o rd right han ds joi n ed a n d a po m egra nate

. Tw o
served as the sy m bo l o f C o n cord .

C o c o d a ( c o n cor d i a )
i The Ro m a n goddess o f
’
n r - - .

peace to who m C a millus erected a te m pl e in the C apito l .

 c o nsr A nc v —c o a r no n 61

C o n st a n c y . S e e C ep ha lu s , P yla d es , H a lc yo ne, H ero .

C o n st ella t io n . See S t a rs .

lj -
li a ) Ga m es in ho n or of N eptun e
’
-
C o n su a a ( -
c o n su a . .

C o n su s. A n a m e of N eptu n e as the god of coun se l .

C o n va l e sc en c e . See Telesp ho r us .

Co p h e t u a ( k o —
fet u -a )
’
. A l ege n d a ry ki n g of A frica who
dis liked wo m e n but who u lti m ate ly fe ll ,
in l ov e w ith a
beggar m aid .

C o p ia The goddess of p l e n ty
. .

Co ra n O ne of A c t aeo n s houn ds
’
.

Co r in t ( cor m
h t h ) I t s pro m i ne n t l ocatio n m akes it
.

co n spicuous in m ythica l l ore The lege n ds of S isyphus .

,

Glaucus Be ll ero pho n a n d othe rs are l oca t ed here

, , .

C o rn . See C eres , H o st ilina, La c t ur a ,

M a t ur a P ilu m nus
, .

C o ro ni de s (k or o
- A tit le app l ied to ZEsc u la
pins ,
the so n of A po ll o a nd C oro n is .

Co ro n is ( k o A m aide n l oved by A po ll o . Mother

of ZEsc u la pius . An other C oro n is was d aughter o f a
ki ng of Phocis ,
a nd was cha nged by A the na i n to a crow .

Co r yb a nt es k -ri
The first priests o f C ybele
( o .

I t is said that they spra n g fro m the m ou n tai n side l ike

-

trees a n d that they were the first bei n gs in m ere hu m a n

,

form that appeared o n ear t h I n their wi l d da n ces they .

woul d strike the m sel ves a n d beat their cy m bals a nd , ,

e ngage in other fre n zied a cts S a m e a s C uretes . .

C o r yd o n ( k or i d o n )
- A l ove sick s w ai n m e ntio n ed by
- ’
.

V irgi l .
62 c o m TH A I X—C R EUS

Co r yt ha ix ( k o —
ri t ha ix )
- - . Shaker of the H e l m et , a na m e
applied to Mars .

Co s ( os)
k .their return fro m Troy H ercul es a n d his
On ,

co m pa n io n s sought shel ter fro m a storm at C o s a n d de ,

stroyed the town because its i nhabitan ts refused to

receive the m .

C o tt us . O ne of the C e nti m ani bei ngs each with a ,

hun
dred ha n ds .

C o t yt t o ( k o The Athe nia n goddess of lewdness .

C o u n se l . See C o nsus .

C o u rs . See M ela mp us ,
Trina cria .

C r e d it o r s . See Ja ni .

C re o n K i ng o f C ori nth Father of the beauti .

fu l C reusa who m Ja s o n m arried which m arriage aroused ,

the jea lousy of Medea a n d brought disaster to Jason ,

a n d C reo n An other C reo n w a s ki n g of Thebes a n d

.
,

father of Joc a st a a n d Megara H is la n ds were ravaged .

by the terrib l e Sphi n x which was s lai n by his grandso n ,

( E d ipu s .

C ret a n B ul l This bul l w a s prese nted by N eptu ne to

.

Mi n os a n d p laced by him a m o n g the herd o f cattl e

,

sacred to the sun U po n H ercu l es was i m posed the

.

task of bri n gi n g this bull to Myce nae I t afterward .

escaped roved wi ld ly over the P elo po nessus a nd

, ,

fi n ally captured at Maratho n by Theseus .

'
C re u s k
( er us ) or C rius . O ne of the twel ve T i t ans , so n

of U ra nu s a nd Gaea .
 C R EU S A C U MX
EAN S I BYL 68
‘

tr e u sa ( k re of P ria m ki ng o f Tro y D aughter , .

W ife of ZEnea s K i lled in atte m p t i n g to flee fro m Troy

. .

A n other C reusa was the daughter o f E rechthe u s wife o f ,

A po ll o a n d m other o f I o n A third C reusa was t h e .

daughter o f C reo n She w a s so m eti m es c a lled Gla nc e. .

See C r eo n .

'
Cro n ia ( kro i n -a ) . A G recian festival to C ro nus si m i lar ,

to the S atur na lia o f Ro m e .

' -
Cro n io n ( c ro n i o n ) . A titl e appl ied to Jupiter to i n di
c ate his u nen d i ng career .

C ro nu s The go d o f harvests the ripe n er ,

a Tit a n the so n of U ra n us H e deposed his father a n d

, .

m arried his sister Rhea w ho bore him Pl uto N eptu n e , , ,

J upiter V esta C eres a n d Juno I t had bee n prophesied

, , , .

that he in t u r n shoul d be deposed by o ne of his

, ,

so ns To preven t this he swa llowed his first five chi l dren

.

as they ca m e i n to the worl d W he n Jupiter the sixth .

,

chi l d appeared he w a s tak e nto C rete a n d co n cea l ed in

, ,

a cav e o n Moun t I d a bei n g fed by the faithful goat ,

A m a l thea .

C ro ss r o a- d s. See C ompit a lia .

C ro w . See C or o nis .

C ru elt y . See I t ys .

C u l t iv a t ed La nd . See S ylvest er .

C u m ae a n S ib yl a m e appl ied to ( k u A n
D eiphobe a daughter of Glaucus who l ived in a gr otto
,

n ear the tow n of C u m ae in I ta l y a nd who w a s e n dowed , ,

with the gift of prophecy .

64 C U P B EA
- —
R E R C Y GN U S

C up -
b ea r er. S ee Ga nnym ed e .

C u p id . Go d of l ove . S on Jupiter a nd
of V e nus a nd ,

husban d of P syche . A l so cal led E ros a n d A m or See .

P syche .

C ur et e s ( k Servan ts of Rhea m other o f

u ,

Jupiter To drow n t h e i n fa n t Jupiter s cries s o that his

.
’
,

father C ronus shou l d sti ll be deceived in supposi n g his

, ,

chi l d to be dead the C urete s kept up a con ti n ual d in by

,

scream i ng c lashi n g their weapo ns a n d chan tin g rude

, ,

war so n gs These servants o r priests were a lso ca lled

- .

C oryba n tes .

Cu r io sit y . See Ep im et heu s , P a nd ora .

C yb ele e le ) M other o f t he gods a n d ofte n ca lled

( sib
’
- .
,

Mag n a M ater C eres Rhea O ps D i n dy m e n e a n d

.
, , , ,

V esta are other n a m es app l ied to her S he is r epr e .

se nted as weari n g a caste llated crow n t o de n ote that she

was the first to protect cast l es a n d wall s with towers .

C yc l o p e s ( si were three giga ntic o ne These ,

eyed work m en of V u l ca n so n s o f U ra n us a n d Gaea w ho , ,

m ade Jo v e s t l1 u n d erb o l t s They were A rges with his

’
.
.
,

strea m o f l ight Bro n tes with his thu n der a n d Steropes

, ,

with his light n i n g O rio n b li n d a n d he lpl ess o n ce

.
, ,

wan dered to thei r cave whe n o n e o f the C yc l opes took ,

pity o n him a n d l e d him to the su n a n d thus restored

, ,

his sight Thes e C ycl opes ( or C yclops ) had o nl y o n e

.

eye a n d this was in the ce n ter of the forehead

,
.

C yc n u s See C ygnu s .

C yg n u s W he n Phaeto n
was cast fro m the
chariot of the su n , h is d evoted frie n d C yg n us carefu l ly
66 C YREN E — D A N AE

C yr e n e ( si A Greek col o n y on the n orth coast

of A frica .

C yt h e r a ( s i—th e ra )
’
or C ytherea . A n a m e of V e nus
from the is lan d to which s he sai l ed in a she ll .

'
D a c t yl i ( d a c t i l i) - . P riests
so n a m ed because of C ybe l e , ,

l ike the fi n gers of the han ds they were t en in n u m ber ,

.

D aed a l us
( ded a -l u s
) A n oted
’
scu l ptor a n d. architect .

H e i nve n ted the wedge ax leve l gi m l et a nd was the , , , ,

first to e m p loy sai ls in prope ll i ng a b o a t H e co nstructed .

the fam ous labyri n t h for Minos K i n g o f C ret e a nd for , ,

offe n di ng the ki n g he a n d I carus his so n were im

, , ,

priso ned therei n H e escaped by i n ve n ti n g w 1 ngs with

.

which he flew to S ici ly but I carus l ost his l ife in the ,

atte m pt S ee I c a ru s
. .

D a g o n The n atio n al
the P hi listi n es god of ,

represe nted as ha l f-m a n ha lf-fis h I n Babyl o n ia n m y ,

.

t ho l o gy a fi shl ik e bei n g w ho rose fro m the waters o f

,

the Red S ea a n d beca m e o n e o f the great be nefactors o f

,

m en .

D a hak ( da The P ersia n spirit of evil .

D a m a st e s ( da U sua ll y ca l l ed P rocrustes .

H is m a n n er of sla yi g his victi m s was to p l ace the m o n

p
a bed which was either t o o lo ng o r t o o short I f too ,

lo ng the victi m was stretched t o the required l e n gth ;

,

if too short his l i m bs were c ut off to fit H e was him

,
.

se l f sl ai n by Theseus .

'
B a nac ( d a n a -e) . D aughter of A crisius a nd Eurydic e .

A crisius havi n g ,
no heir to his thro n e was to l d by the
,
 D A N A ID E S — D AP H N E 67

o rac le that his daughter woul d bear a so n who woul d

s lay his gra ndfather a n d rul e in his stead A c r1s1u s a t .

te m p t ed to preve n t the ful fi lm e nt of the latter part of

this prophecy but P erseus so n of D anae in a ga m e of
, , ,

disk accide ntally struc k his gra n dfather upo n the foot
,

a n d caused his death .

D a da
n a id e s
( ) A n a m e app l ied to the fifty
-na i-d ez ’
.

d aughters of D a naus See D a na us . .

D a na us ( da ) K i n g f-A
’
n a us
o rgos who p l edged.his fifty ,

beautiful daughters in m arriage to his brother E gypt us ’

fifty so n s W he n the preparatio n s for the weddi n g had

.

bee n co m p leted D a n aus sudde n ly re m e m bered that it

,

had bee n prop h esied that he shoul d be s lai n by his s o n

‘

i la w
n - H e therefore ca ll ed his daughters together
.
,

m ade k n ow n to the m the prophecy a n d givi n g each a ,

keen dagger bade the m s l ay their husba n ds whi l e as leep

, .

H ype rm n estra l oved her husba n d too w ell to co m p ly

with her father s co m m and a n d Ly n ceus to ave nge the
’
, ,

death of his brothers s lew D a naus a n d th us fulfi ll ed , ,

the prophecy .

D a nc in g . See Terp sic ho r e .

D a n ge r s. See C ha rybd is, S cylla .

D a p h n e The go d dess of the earth daughter ,

o f P e n eus the river god Fl eei ng in great fear fro m

, .

A p oll o sh e ca l l ed a l oud to her father fo r protectio n

, .

W he n her t re m b in g l i m bs b rought her to the ba n k of the

river she fou n d her feet rooted to t h e grou n d a n d a ,

roug h bark rapid ly i n c losed her body H e r ar m s beca m .

e

the li m bs o f a tree a n d her tre m b li ng fi n gers cha n ged

,

i nto quiveri n g leaves H er father had gra nted her pray er .

68 D A P H N E P H ORI A —D EIA N IR A

by t urni ng her i n to a laure l tree This tree was A po llo s .

’

favorite ever after a n d its l eaves were wreathed to ,

crown the brows of poets a n d m usicia n s .

D a ph n ep h o r ia ( daf
festiva l he l d at—
n -fo ri a
) e
’
- . A
Thebes every eight years in ho nor o f A poll o I sm e nius .

D a r d a n u s ( dar da - n u s ) S o n o f Jupiter H
’
e bui l t the . .
.

city of D ardan ia S upposed by so m e to be the foun der .

o f Troy H e k i ll ed his brother Jasius to obtai n the

.

ki ng dom of Etruria .

D a ys o f t h e w e e k The nam es of the days of the wee k .

are a ll of N orthern origi n Sun day is fro m the An gl o .

Saxon Su nn an d eeg S un day Mon day is fro m Mo nan ,

.

d eeg or m oo n day Tuesday is fro m Tyr the N orse god

, .
,

o f war a n d a t h l etic sports he n ce Tyr s day W ed ne s , ,

’
.

day is fro m O din or W ode n the Jupiter of the Sca n d i , ,

n avia n m ytho l ogy he n ce W oden s day Thursday is ,

’
.

fro m Thor , O di n s e l dest s o n the god of thu n der he nc e

’
, ,

Thor s day Friday is from Frigu o r Frey the N orse

’
.
, ,

god w ho presided over rai n sun sh i n e a n d the fr uits o r , ,

the earth he n ce Frey s day S aturday is fro m S aeter

,
’
.

deeg which in turn is fro m the Ro m a n Saturnus he nc e

, , , ,

Saturn s day ’
.

D ea d-
t o ll . See C ha ron .

D ea th . See N ox, M o r s , Tha na t os .

'
D e c ep t io nSee Ap a t u ria D id o Gl nop ion
. , , .

D e ai n ir a ( de -i-a A l so spe l l ed D eia n eira D e ,

j a n i r a . D aughter o f ( En eu s K i n g of C a l ydo n who o f , ,

ferred her in m arriage to the m a n who shoul d overco m e

the river god A che lo us in wrest l i ng H ercu l es w o n the .

p ri z e .
 D E IMO S —D ELP H I N I A 69

D ei mo s The perso n ificatio n of D read .

D e in o The three daug ht ers of Phorcys a n d C eto ,

were D ei n o ,
al ar m Pephredo
” “
dread a nd Enyo
, , ,
”
,

horror .
”

'
D e io n e u s ( d e-i-e n e -u s ) . Father
of D ia wife o f I xio n , .

He perished in a grea t ho l e fi lled with fire ki nd led by

I xio n .

D e ip h o if o ) D aughter of Glaucus to whom

b e (d e - ’
-b e .
, ,

wi t h C assa n dra was gra n ted the gift of prophecy

, .

D e it ie s . S ee I nt ro d u c t io n .

D e l ia de A l i -a )
festiva l he l d at D e l os i M i
’

( . n a y n ,

ho n or o f the birth of A po llo a n d his twi n sister Ar

‘

t em is .

D el o s is la n d in the [Egea n Sea upo n which

An
A po ll o was born I t is said that prior to h is birth the
.

is la n d floated about but afte rward it beca m e fixed a n d

, ,

was fi l led with a go l de n l ight whi l e sacred swa ns ,

e ncirc led it seve n ti m es .

'
D e l iu s ( de l i -u
s ) . Sa m e as Apo ll o . So na m ed fro m t he
isla n d of his birth .

D elph i A t ow n on Moun t Parn assus , cele

b ra t ed for its orac l e , a nd for a te m pl e of A po ll o .

D e l p h ic u s ( de l f i-cus
’

) . A n a m e of Apo l lo , fro m D e l phi .

D e lph (in ia a n n ua - festiva

d el fin 1 a )
l - l he l d in Ma y . An
to co m m e m orate the tribute of seve n boys a nd seve n
girl s who m Athe ns was obliged to se n d every year to
C rete to be o ffered as sacrifices t o the Mi n otaur .
70 D E LP H I N I O N —D E U C ALION

D e l p h in io n ) te m
(dp l e-i A t e
el fi n 1 -o n
n h n s where . A
A po ll o was worshiped H ere a p lace of refuge was .

found a n d a court fo r the trial o f capital cri m es was

,

he l d.

D e l p h in iu s ( d el —
fi n -
1 us ) . A po ll o was worshiped u n der
this n a m e in t h e D el phin io n .

D elph o s The p l ace where the te m p l e was

bui l t fro m which the oracl e o f A po l l o w a s give n .

Q e m a r u s. The P hoen i c i a n n am e of Jup iter .

D em et e r ( de The G reek n a m e fo r C eres . See

C eres .

D em ig o d de m igods o r her o es were pecul iar to

s. The , ,

the m yt hol ogy of the Greeks They were regarded .

pa rt ly o f divi n e ori gi n a n d po ssessed the courage , ,

stre n gth a n d form o f the go d s

,
.

D em io s ( de m i —
'
o s ) . A tte n da nt of Mars . The n a me s ig

n ifi es dread .

D em o g o r g o( de n A m yste r ious deity

-m o

supposed to l i ve u n dergrou n d a n d represe nted as a n o l d ,

m a n covered with m oss S o m eti m es ca l l ed the ki n g of

.

the e lves a n d fays .

D en. See C a ve .

'
D euc a l io n ( du - ca l i -c m)
the de m igods so n o f . O ne of ,

P ro m etheus a n d father of H e l e n H e a n d his wif e .

P yrrha bui l t a ship a n d survived the flood which Jupiter

s e n t u po n the earth They la n ded o n Mou n t P ar n assus
.
,

a n d at o n ce bega n t o pick up sto n es a n d cast the m

about as they had b ee n to l d to do by Jupite r The
,
.
 DIA — D ID O 71

ston es cast by D eucal io n beca m e m e n a nd t e

P yrrha beca m e wo m e n a n d thus they fo ,

face .

D ia A m aide n l oved a n d deserted by I xio n . A l so

a n a m e ap pl ied to H ebe .

D ia m o n d s See Gno m id es
. .

D ia n a ( d i of the twe l ve O ly m pia n deities

O ne ,

daughter o f Jupiter a nd Lato n a a n d twi n sister o f ,

Apo ll o She was the goddess of hu nti ng a nd of chastity

. .

As a ce l estia l deity s he was ca lled Lu n a goddess of the ,

Moo n as a terrestria l de ity D ia n a or D icty n n a a n d in

t he l ower regio n s H ecate She is associ a ted with m a ny
.

o f the m ost beautifu l a n d touchi n g m o l d e n t s of m ytho l

ogy a n d poets a n d a rt ist s have vied with each other in

'

showing her ho nor .

D ia n a o goddess who m the early

f t h e E p h e sia n s . A
G reek co l o n ists o n the co a st of A sia M i n or fou n d estab
l is hed in the w orship of the peo ple W he n P au l we n t
‘

to Ephesus he stro n gly de n ou n ced the worship o f D ia n a

.
.

The te m p l e of D ia ma n t Ephesus was recko n ed a m o n g

the seve n wo n ders of the worl d o n accou nt of it s size ,

wea th sp e ndor a n d the gra n deur o f its architecture

l l , ,
‘
.

This te m pl e was set o n fire a n d a l m ost co m p lete l y

destroyed by H ero st ra t u s o n the n i ght o n whic h Ale x .

a n der the G reat w a s bor n in order that his na m e m ight

,

be preserved inhistory .

D ic t yn n a ( dic The G reek n am e of D ia n a as a

terrestria l goddess .

D id o D aughter of Be l us a n d quee n o f Tyre

a nd C arthage . He r hus ba n d Sych aeus who possesse d ,
72 D I D YM AQU S — ’

D IOM ED E S .

un tol d wealth had bee n m urdered by Pygm a lion his

, ,

brother -in -l a w a n d D ido had bee n warn ed by her hus

,

ba n d s ghost she gathered her treasures a n d a c c o m

’
, ,

p a n ie d by a f e w frie n ds s h e escaped to L ibya a n d , ,

e ntreated the i n habitants to sell her a s m uch l and as a n

c x-hide cou l d e n c l ose W hen the price had been agreed
.

upo n she c u t the hide i nto very n arrow str ips a n d thus
, ,

sec ured a l arge tract a nd here b uil t her beautiful ,

capita l W he n ZEnea s w a s shipwrecked o n her coast

.

D ido showed him great ki n d n ess a n d at l ast fe l l in l ove ,

with him but he did n o t reciprocate her affection This

,
.

so grieved her that she s l e w hersel f with a dagger .

D id ym m u s ( did -i O ne of the m a ny n am es of
A po ll o .

'
D ie s P (
a d i ez p
t er
a ter) or ’ ’

,
-
D i es pit er . The n ame of

Jupiter as F a t her of the D a y .

D ii S e l e c t i ( d i-i s e Terra S o l , Lun a , O cc l us , ,

Saturn G en ius O ren s a n d Bacch us co m prised the

, , ,

seco n d cla s s o f gods a n d were called D ii S el ec t i

,
.

D ik e G oddess justice a n d g o od faith

of ,
m od
esty a n d truth . C a l l ed a l so A str aea .

D in d ym e n e di e e
d in A a m e of
-m C ybe l e or Rhea
’
-
( n ) n ,

fro m a m ountai n where she was worshiped .

'
D io m ed es
( di e d ez ) A crue
-o -m l tyr an t of Thrace who
fed his horses o n the flesh of perso n s who had been ship
wrecked o n his i n hospitab le coast I n a fight which .

grew o ut o f H ercul es atte m pt to bri ng these horses to

’

Myce n ae D io m edes wa s s l ai n a n d h is body fed to his o w n

,

horses .
74 D IS E A S E S —D OR I D ES .

Marriage of Thetis
with Pe l eus ki n g of Athe n s she , ,

u n expected ly appeared in the ba nquet ha ll threw a ,

gol de n apple upo n the tab l e breathed her poiso n ous ,

breath upo the erry m a k ing a s sem b ly a n d sudde nl y

m
‘

n -

van ished O n the go l de n fruit was i nscribed To the

.
“

fairest I n sta ntl y Ju n o Mi n erva a n d V e nus quarre l ed

”
,
.
,

for the prize a n d the p l easure of the feast was at a n en d

,
.

D iscordia w a s drive n fro m heave n for causi n g disse n sio n

a m o n g the gods S ee P a ris . .

D ise a se s. See P a n d o ra .

'
D is t a fl . S ee P a lla d ium , C lo t ho .

D it h yr a mb us ( dith —
i See B a cc hus .

D iv o rc e. S e e I no .

D o d o na ( do A fa m ous oracl e of Jupiter .

D o d o ( do do
n te u s - A n a m e of Jupiter fro m the ,

city of D odo n a .

D o g . S ee A c t oeo n , H o und s , La r es , E c hid na , Ort ho s , S irius -

D o la b ra ( do The sacrificial k n ife used by the

priests .

D o l p h in . S ee A rio n , N ep t une, N ereid es , Tr it o n s .

D o m e s t ic L if e . See V est a .

D o o r ga The H i n doo goddess of co n te n tion

a nd strife .

'
D o r ia ( do
ns ri -a n z
) . O ne of t he four great bra n ches of

o f the H e ll e n ic ra c e S e e A c hrea ns
l

. .

B o r id e s ( do C a lled a lso N er eides . S ee N ymp hs .

 D ORI S —EA R S 75

D o r is W ife of N ereus , an —
a ncie n t sea god , a nd

so n of P o ntus a nd Gaea .

D o to One of the N ereids , or -

se a n y m phs .

D ra c o O ne of A ct aeo n s hou n ds
’
.

'
D ra go n . S ee C a d m u s , E c hid na , E ur yt hio n , Geryo n ,
Go ld en F leec e, La d o n N id ho gg Tr ip t o lem us , , .

D rea d . See D eim o s , D eino , D emio s , F ea r , P ep hr ed o .

D rea ms . Se eH a lcyone ,
M o rp heus Oneir op o mp us P ho
, ,

bet o r , S om nu s .

D r ya d s. Rura l deities . They ofte n appeared as hu nt fi

r ess e s o r shepherdesses . See N ymp hs .

D u el s . See Uller .

D u m b n e ss . See A t ys .

D w a r fs . the N orse a nd O ld Germ a n m yt ho logies

In
these dwe ll in the heart of the m ou n tai n s a n d to the m ,

bel o n g the m e t al s a n d precious sto n es See P ygm ies . .

'
D w e u r ga r ( d w e r g )
a r The S ca n di n avia
- n god . the
of

Echo , ca ed a lso D e g a a zwerg sprache , o r

ll w r m l - - dwarf
voice . A pigm y .

D ya u s ( d i—ouse ) The . H i n doo god of the Bright Sky .

'-
D yn a m en e ( a m e
-
di n n e ) O n e of the n y m phs w h o c o n

tro l led the swe l l a nd i m pu lse o f the waves .

Ba c us ( e a-
’
cus ) . S on of Jupiter a nd Egina . See E d ens .

E a gl e . See A s t eria , Jup it er .

Ea r s. S ee M id a s .
76 E A R TH — E GI L

Ea rt h . See Ant oea s .

E b l is The evi l ge nius of the Moha m m e d ans .

E c h id n a ( e off The m other of m on sters . H er

spri n g i n c lude the three hun dred headed drago n o f the
- -
,
'

H es perides the C o l chia n drago n the m an y -headed dog

, ,

O rthos the S phi n x C erberus S cy lla the C h im era the

, , , , ,

Gorgo n s the Ler naea n H ydra the vul ture that g n awed
, ,

the l iver of Pro m etheus a n d t he N e m ea n lio n S he was , .

pictured as a wo m an with a serpe nt s tai l ’

.

E c h io n ( e asce n ded the F athe r of P e n theus who

thro n e of Thebes after the death o f P olydorus .

E c h n o b u s ( ek One of A ctaeo n s hou n ds

’
.

Echo . A m ou n tai n
y m ph ser van t o f Jun o who fe ll in n , ,

l ove with N arcissus a n d because he fai l e d to retur n her , ,

l ove she pi n ed away u nti l her voice w a s a ll t hat was

,

l eft of her S he the n dwe l t in the woods a n d occupied

.

herself in m i m icki n g e v ery soun d she heard W he n .

Theseus deserted the beautiful Ariad n e o n the shore o f

N axos tau n ti n g Echo cam e to m ock her cries
,
A n other .

fabl e m akes Echo the daughter of A ir a nd Tel lus Ju n o .

‘

forbade her speaki n g m ore than t o answer questio n s S ee .

D weurga r .

E ge o n ( e A gian t s ea - god who he l ped the Titan s

in their war with Jupiter .

E g e r i(
a je r i-a ) A n y m phethe
- wife o f N u m a
’
to who m , ,

s h e suggested m a n y wise l aws A t his death she beca m e .

disco nsolate a n d wept so m a n y tears that D ian a chan ged

,

her in to a fou ntai n .

'
E g il ( e i
j )
l . The V ul ca n of n orthern m ytho l ogy .
 E GI P A N S -E LE U S IN I A 77

E gip a n s ( ejRura l deities

1-pa nz ha )
l f m a n half goat
.
, , ,

that i nhabited the forests a n d m ou ntai n s .

E g is The shie l d of Jupiter a n d Mi n erva This .

goddess o fte n assisted Jupiter in his wars gave him w ise ,

cou nse l a n d so m eti m es borrowe d his shie l d a n d herse l f

,

sa llied forth to battl e W he n Perseus we n t forth to s lay

.

the Medusa Pl uto gave him a m agic he lm et Mercury

, ,

attached his wi n ged sa n da ls to the youth s hee ls a n d ’

,

Mi n erva le nt him her shie l d I n return P erseus pre .

,

se nted her with the Medusa s head w hich she set in t he ’

,

ce nter of the shie l d a n d which sti ll retai n ed a ll its ter

,

r ifying po w er S ee E gis . .

'
E il e it h yia ( ith il
-
y )
-i a A nam e of D ia n a '

as guardia n of
chil dre n in i n fa n cy a nd in sick n ess .

E ir e n e ( i One of t he H o rae,
'
god d ess of peace .

Sa m e as I re ne .

E lec tra (e Mother of I ris goddess of the

, ra m
bow . See P leia d es .

E l e c t r yo n ( e l ec t ri o n He a nd Al c aeus were so ns
’
- of
) - .

Perseus a n d An dro m eda .

E l e u sin ia ( el u
- —
si n i a ) '-
Two festiva l s ca lled Eleusin ia
.
,

were he l d a nn ua l ly o ne in the spri n g whe n the earliest

,

flowers appeared the other which was m ore i m porta n t

, , ,

began o n the 2 ot b o f Septe m ber a n d co nti nued n i ne

days The Eleusi nia n Mysteries accordi ng to so m e
.
,

authorities were ce lebrated by the C reta n s a n d the

,

La c ed e m o n ia ns every fourt h year a n d by t he peopl e o f ,

Athe n s every fifth year These were re ligious ri tes in .

ho nor of C ere s a nd Pro serpine “

.
78 E LE U TH O — fi

EN I PE U S

E l e ut h o (e S am e as Ei l eithyia .

E l is ( e l is) . P rovi n ce
of the P e l oponn esus The l ege n ds .

of El is a n d A rgas are n oted for the deeds of viole n ce

co m m itted by their fa m ous heroe s .

E lo p e m e nt . S ee H elena , M a rp essa Aga memnon , .

E lo quenc e. S ee I d u na , M erc ur y .

E l ve s . See F a iries .

E l ysiu m —
( e l izh i u m )
The Elysia n
- ’
. Fie l ds , the te m po
rary abode of the just in H ades .

E m a t h io n ( e-m a thi -o n ) S on of Eo s a nd Titho nus and

’
.
,

brother of Me m n o n .
.

Em p yr e a n ( e m -
pi The fifth heave n ; t heabode
of the heathe n deity .

E n a g o n iu s ( e-n a - go i ’
n -u s) . O ne of the n a m es of
Mercury .

E nc ela ( se
d us l a ) A gia
en -
n t defeated
’
by J upiter
-d u s .

a nd buried u n der Moun t Et n a .

E n d ym io n ( b eautiful you n g shepherd

en - d im 1 on —) . A
who m D ia n a behe l d asl eep up o n the m oun tai n side .

C har m ed by his beauty s he l eft her si l very lu n ar car to

i m press a n airy kiss upo n his l ips This was repeated .

n igh t ly un ti l D ia na fear m g th at age a n d toi l woul d soo n

,

destroy his char m s carried him to her cave in Mou nt ,

Lati n us a n d bestowed upo n him the gift o f eter n a l

youth .

E n ip e u s ( e -n ip e -u s ) A river which
’
whe n great
. l y ,

swoll e n w a s crossed by Jaso n by t he aid of Juno with

, , ,

t he loss of only o n e sa n da l .
 E N TE R T A I N M E N T —EP I M EN I D E S 79

E n t e r t a in m ent . S ee C a m us .

E nvy . See F u r ies .

E n yo ( e The G recia n n a m e of Be l l o na , the god

dess of war a n d crue lty A lso o n e . of the G raem .

'-
E o l u s (e o lu s ) See E o lu s .

E os The G recia n na m e of A urora .

E o ns ( o us
e -
)
’
O ne o f the four horses which drew the su n
chariot .

Epa ph us ( ep a fus’

) - . S on of Jupiter a nd Io .

E p e u s (e The G reek
scul ptor who co n structed
the fa m ous woode n horse used in the siege of Troy .

E p h ia l t ( e s e i
f- gia n t s o n o f N eptu n e who wi t h A , ,

his brother O tus overca m e Mars an d kept h im chai n ed a

,

priso ner for fiftee n m o n ths u n til re l eased by the ski l l o f ,

the artful Mercury Ephi al tes l ost o n e eye in a fight .

with H ercul es a n d the other was destroyed by A po l l o

, .

E p ic u r u s ( ep-i A fa m ous Grecia n phi losopher .

E p id a uru s ( e p-i A ce lebrated te m p l e erected

in ho n or of ZEs c u la piu s .

E p ig o n e ( e-pig o-n e )
’
. W ife of E sc ul a piu s .

E p im e l iu s -i-m e l i -u s ) A a m e a m o n g herds m e n
’

(ep . n
give n to Mercury .

E p im e n id e s ( e p—
i-m e n i -d ez ) A frie n d o f A po l l o He
’
. .

fe ll as l eep in a grotto a n d whe n he a w ake n ed fift y-s ix ,

years later he found hi m se lf e n dowed with the gift o f

,

prophecy .
 E P I M E TH E U S —E R E C TH E U S

'
E p im et heus( e the ) Sep
o-n of im
- J a pe t u s The -u s . .

n a m e m ea n s A fterthought W he n Mercury prese nted .

”

P a n dora Epi m ethe u s ki n d l y received her i n to his house

,

a n d m ade her his wife a l though war n ed by his brothe r ,

P ro m etheus to accept n o favor fro m the gods A fter .

severa l years o f un a l loyed happi n ess Mercury agai n a p ,

p ea r e d beari
,
n g a curious box which he begged to l eave
with the m pro m isi ng to ca ll fo r it short ly Pro m pted
, .

by curiosity P a n dora raised the l id a n d i n sta ntly there

,

swar m ed arou n d her a m u l titude o f ve n o m ous i nsects

represe n ti n g the diseases sorrows troub l es a n d vexa , , ,

tio n s which were he n ceforth t o a fflict the worl d a n d ,

which Jupiter had careful ly pack e d i n to the box Epi .

m et heu s reproached his wife in bitter ter m s but just ,

then he heard a nothe r voice c a ll fro m the b o x w hich

P a n dora in her haste to c l o se the l id ha d shut in
, This ,
.

was the voice o f H ope who ca m e to u n do m uch o f t he

m isery produced by the others a n d to poi n t to a happ i er
,
} ,

fut ur e .

E p o p e u s ( e-po pe -u s ) K i n g o f S icyo n who a ff orded

’
.
,

protectio n to An tiope whe n she w a s drive n fro m her

father s house
’
.

E er a to ) The M use of so gs f l ove d m arriage

’
r a t o ( - n o a n ,

a n d patro n ess o f l ight poetry especia l ly that o f a l yric ,

a n d a m atory character S he l iste n ed t o the co m p l ai n t s

.

o f lovers a n d he l ped the m in their troubl es .

er e of dark ness who m arried his

‘

E r eb u s -b n s
) Go d
’

( .
,

m other N ight .

E rec t h eus k h -
t e u s) S on of Pan dio n
gra n d a nd
’

( e -r
e .

so n o f Erichtho n ius, with who m the dyn asty of C ecrops

e n ded .
 E R Y TH EI S —
~E U N I C E

H avi n g spen t a ll his m eans to procure food he sol d his

daughter as a s lave a nd w hen her purchase m o n ey was,

co n su m ed he devoured hi m sel f .

E r yt h e is ( er i
- —
the is ) O ne o f the first three H esperides .

E r yt h r o s ( e The G recia n n a m e of o ne of the

horses of S ol
’
s chariot .

E s c u l a p iu s ( es - cu a pi-l ’
-us
) . See E sc u lap iu s .

'-
Et eo c les ( teeo
)- were
c lé z the t
. w o He a nd P o ly n ices
so ns o f ( E d ipu s a n d J c o aste Both fe ll fata ll y woun ded .

in a perso n al co m bat the resu l t o f a dispute con cer n i n g

,

the successio n t o their father s ki n gdo m ’

.

Et eo c lus( te o c leus
-
) O n e
’

of the-Seve n agai n st T hebes .

E t h o n ( e tho n ) O n e of the horses that drew the chariot

’ ‘

o f S o l the s u n
, .

E t n a o r ZEt n a
,
The vo l can i c fla m e s fro m this m ou n
.

tai n are accordi n g to V irgi l t h e brea t hi n g o f the gia n t

, ,

Typhon who is buried un der n eath .

E u c l id H e a n d A rchi m edes were two o f the

greatest m athe m aticians of a n cie nt G reece .

'
E u d r o m o s ( u dro m o s )
- O n e o f A ct aeo n s h p u n d s
’
. .

' -
E u l a l o n ( u l a l o n) A n a m e o f A po l l o
. .

'
E u m e n id e s ( u m en i -d ez )
- See F ur ies .

E um o lp u s ( u The duties o f high priest w ere

vested in the fam i l y of Eum o l pid es whose a n cestor
Eu m o lpus had bee n i n sta ll ed in the office by C eres .

E u n e u s ( u-n e us ) A s o n of Jaso n a n d H ypsipy l e

’
.

E u n ic e ( u O ne of the N ereids a perso n ification ,

o f the swe l l o f the s ea .

 E UN O M I A - w —
E U R Y S TH E U S

'
E u n o m ia ( o m i ) -
u n -a . O ne of the H o rse w ho pre sided
over legislative halls .

E u p h r o syn e ( u - fros -
1 né ) . See Gr a c es .

E u r ip id es (urip
- 1 -d ez ) . A ce lebrated poet of G reece .

E ur o p a ( u Siste r to C ad m us P h oe n ix a n d , ,

C i l ix .She was abducted by Jupiter in the for m of a

w hite bu ll a n d carried to Europe which w a s na m ed in
, ,

her ho n or .

E ur u s The east wi n d so n of o l us He , .

brough t war m th a n d rai n a n d is represe nted ho ldi n g ,

a n i n v e rted vase as if pouri n g water fro m it .

E u r ya l e ( - -
u ri a l e
’

) O ne of the three terrib l e Gorgo n s ,

’

d a ughters of Phorcys a nd C eto .

E u r yb ia ( u - rib i -a ) ’
. O ne of the t w e l ve Titan s .

E u r yd ic rid i -se A l-ove l y y m ph of the va l es

’

( e ) u n a n d.

wife o f O rpheus who was ki ll ed by a serpe nt o n her

,

weddi n g n ight .

'-
E u r yn o nn e ( ri n o m e ) O
u -
n e o f t h e two O cea n ids who .

took charge of V u l ca n whe n at h is birth he was cast

‘

fro m O ly m pus i nt o the sea where for n i n e years he dwe lt ,

a mo ng the sea gods a n d n y m phs

- .

E u r yp yl u s rip 1-lu S )( S o n o f Te l ephus who joi n ed

u - .
,
,
,

the Troja n ra nks a n d disti n guished hi m se l f in co m bat

with N eopto l e m us so n o f A chi ll es , .

E u r yst h e u s ( -
u rl s
’
h
t e us )
- . It was he that set H ercu l e s
his t we lve great tasks .
84 E U R Y TH I O N —F AM A

E u r yt h io n ( u - rith i ’
-o n
) . A drago n with seve n heads .

See Geryo n .

E u r yt io n ( rish ) A ho l d ce n
u taur
- who excited -by
1 on .
,

w i n e at the weddi n g ba n quet o f P e irit ho u s laid vio l e n t ,

ho l d o f his bride D eida m ia .

E ut erp e ( u G iver of Pl easure . The Muse that

presided over i nstrum e n ta l m usic .

E u v yh e ( - -
u v i he
’

) A n expressio n m ea n i n g W ell do n e ,

so n, ofte n appl ied to Bacchus by Jupiter that it ca m e

”
so ,

to be regarded a s o n e o f Bacchus s na m es ’

E va nd er ( e K in g of the Tusca ns , an ally of

j En ea s a nd father of P al l as .

E v e n in g S t a r. S ee H esp er u s .

E venus ( e F ather of Marpessa . A pplie d a lso ,

to the river in which Eve nus drow n ed hi m se l f because

he co ul d no t overtake t he fleei n g l overs I des a n d Ma r ,

pessa w ho were sail i n g swift ly a lo ng in the boat N ep

,

tu ne had l e nt the m .

E v il . See C a c o d oemo n , F ebr is , P a nd o r a .

E ye . S e e C yc lop s , Ep hia lt es , Gla u k op is , Gr eece .

F a ir ie s e lves sprites a n d fairies were ge n era lly

. Fays , , ,

regarded as di m i nutive creatures of a p l ayful a n d m is ,

chief-l ovi ng nature b u t gen era l ly k i n d ly disposed S ee ,

‘

Libissa .

F a it h f u l n e s s . See Tuc cia .

F a m a G oddess of fam e . Atte n da nt of Jupi

t er . See P hem e .
 F AM E —F EB R U U S 85

Fa me poetica l deity A te m p l e was bui lt

. A . in her
ho nor by the Ro m a n s See H er o s t ra t us P hem e .
, .

Fate . O ffspri ng of N ight a nd Erebus . See N er eu s .

F a t es . ca lled Moerae o r P arc ae three sisters who

A lso ,

s a t n ear Pl uto s thro n e weavi n g the desti n ies o f hu m a n

’

l ives C l otho the yo u n ge st he l d the d ista ff : La c he r is

.
, ,
«

spu n the threa d a n d Atropos cut t he th read with her

fata l shears represe n t i ng that a n other sou l was about
,

to e n ter H ades S ee N o rns . .

F a t uus ( fat u ’
-u s
) . Sa m e as Fau n a .

F a un ura l di vi n i t y so m ewhat l ike the S atyrs They

. A r

were ha l f—
.

m a n ha l f-goat a n d were a t te n da nts o f Pa n

, , .

F a un a W ife of Fau n us . Her orac l es were

de l ivered o n l y t o wo m e n .

F a u n a l ia ( faw -n a li -a ) o r Luperca l ia An a n nua l

’

, . fe s
t iva l he l d in ho n or o f Fau n us .

F a vo ( vo
n iu s i ) fa - ’
-
n us . S am e as Zephyr , t he west wi nd
favorab l e to the growth of vegetatio n .

P a ys . F a ntastic
creatures o f a later ti m e havi n g vary ,

ing dispositio n s n o w he l pf ul n o w m ischievous S ee

, ,
.

F a ir ies .

Fea r. See P hlegya s .

F e a st s See C o m us F est iva ls

. , .

F e b r is To propitiate t his evi l deity she was

worshiped by the peop l e .

F eb r u us ) (Ro
femba n deity
’
i whose
ru -u s
n h o n or . A
l ustratio n s were perfor m ed in the m o nth of F ebruary .

Als o a sur n a m e o f Lupercus .

86 F E RON I A — F OR T UN A

'
F e r o n ia ( f ro i a ) e - n -
. T heRo m an goddess of orchards ,

a n d the patro n ess of e n fra n chised Slaves .

F er t il it y . S ee Lup erc us , Lu t inus .

F e s t iv a l s . S e e Tha lia ,
Lup erc a lia , M a t r o na lia ,
M iner
va lia , N emesia , S a t u r na lia , S ep t er io n .

F id el it y . S ee I o la u s , F id es .

F id es G oddess of faith a nd ho nesty .

F il t h . S e e C lo a c ina ,
A u gea s .

F in e A r t s . S ee M iner va .

F ir e . S ee V est a , V u lc a n , S a la m a nd er , E t n a .

F ish e r m a n . S ee Gla u c u s .

F lee c e. See Go ld en F leec e A r go na u t s Ja so n , , .

F l ie s . S ee M u sc a r iu s .

F lo c k s. See P a l es , N ap oeoe .

F lo ra . G oddess flowers a n d garde n s W ife of

of .

Z ephyrus . S he was the fairest a m o n g the i n ferior

di vi n ities . S e e C hlo r is .

'
F lo ra l ia ( fl o ra l i
- -a
) . Lice ntious ga m es in ho n or o f
Fl ora , he l d in Ma y .

F lo ‘ vc r s. S ee F lo ra C hlo r is , H or t ensis ,
Z ep hyru s ,
H ya c in t hus S unflo wer H elio t r op e C lyt ie
‘

.
, , ,

F lut e . S ee M a r sya s , P a r t henop e .

F o r ge t f u l n e ss . S ee Let he .

Fo rt u na ( for ‘

G od d ess
of fortun e daughter o f ,

Jupiter . S he m oved throug h the worl d o n a n ever

 F O U N TA I N — —
F UN B E A LS 87

turn i n g whee l a n d scattered good o r ill fortu n e This

,
.

“
doubt less gave rise to the expressio n the whee l o f
fortu n e The At t ic a n F o rtuna was the goddess of
.
”

p le nty S he wit n essed t he fight bet w ee n H ercules a n d

“

A che lous a n d ad m iri n g the va l or o f the for m er she

,

took the hor n which he ha d broke n o ff the head o f

A che lous a n d p laci n g in it her treasures she carried
, ,

it as a trophy o f the co m bat a nd it has becom e the ,

horn of p l e nty .
”

F o u n t a in . See Eger ia , H ipp o c r ene .

F ra ud . evi l deity with a hu m an face a serpe nt s

An ,
’

body a nd the sti n g of a scorpio n in her tai l She dwe lt

,
.

in the C oc ytus a river o f H ades a n d o nly her head a p

, ,

pea re d above the surface of the water .

F rey f
( )
r i ,
or Freyr
The patro n god . of I ce la nd a nd

S wede n , the god of ferti lity a n d peace .

F r e ya The Sca n di navia n goddess o f l ove H a l f .

of those w ho fa ll in batt l e a re hers the other hal f go to ,

O di n F riday is n a m ed in her ho n or
. .

F r ie n d sh ip . See Or est es , Lof en .

F r igg a S am e
as Freya Sca n di navia n goddess .

of m arriage . The Saxo n goddess o f earthly e njoy m e nts .

F ro . The Sca ndi navia n god of te m pests a nd wm ds .

F r o gs . See Clowns , La t o na .

F r u it s. S ee App les , A t la s ,
D isc o r d ia , C er es , C a rp o ,
P o m o na .

F un era l s . S ee Libit ina , Ma nes .

88 F U RIE S — G A M ES .

F u r ie s The ave ngi n g deities daughters o f A chero n

. ,

a nd N o x They were na m ed A l ecto Meg aera a n d Tisi

.
, ,

phon e C ol l ect ive ly they were a l so ca l led D ir ae Eri n ys

.
, ,

Eu m e n ides a nd S em n ae
,
S ee C o lo nus They were . .

n oted for t heir heart l ess n ess a nd crue l t y .

F u t u r it y . S ee C a ssa nd ra .

G a za The goddess of earth a nd m other of U ra nus ,

the Tita n s C ycl ops C e nt i m a n i a n d gia n ts
, , , .

G a l a t a aa (g l beautiful sea y m ph b el oved

a -a A -n
,

of P o lyp he m us ,
the hideous gia nt whose atte ntio n s s he ,

refused a n d a lso by the ha n dso m e S ici lian s hepherd

, ,

A cis whose affectio n s he retur n ed

,
I n a fi t o f rage .

P o lyphe m us hurl ed a huge rock upo n the l overs a s they

s a t together in the S hade o f a crag G a l atea b em g im .

m orta l w a s u nhurt but A cis was sl ai n , S ee P ygm a lio n . .

G a l a xa u r e ( ga l -a x O ne of the O cea n ids , a

n ym ph presidi ng over a strea m .

G a l e n e ( ga O ne of the N ereid s a perso n ification ,

of the S him m eri ng l ight upo n t he surface o f the sea .

G a l li P riests C ybe l e
their sacrifices
of . D ur i n g
they woul d cut a n d s l ash the m se l ves a n d a c t so m uch _

l ike m ad m e n that their n a m e Ga lla nt es w a s give n to

, , ,

person s who were dem e nted .

Gam -
e l ia ( ga m e li a )
-
’
. O ne of the na m es of Ju no .

Gam e s. Ear l y in
the history of G reece n ationa l festival s
o r g a m es were i n stituted in ho n or o f certai n gods .

Th es e w ere re garded o f s uch i m port a n c e tha t duri ng

90 G A N YM ED E — G IA N T S

G a n ym e d ( de )
e A beautif
ga n 1 -
um
l P
e-hrygia n pri n c e
.
,

s o n o f Tros ki n g of Troy H ebe who served a s Ju piter s

, .
,
’

cup bearer o n ce disp l eased him upon a sol em n occasion

-
, ,

a n d assu m i n g the for m o f a n eag l e he swooped to ea rth

, , ,

a n d discoveri n g the beautifu l Ga ny m ede caught him up ,

a n d carried h im t o O ly m pus where he w a s carefull y ,

trai n ed in his duties as cup bearer

- .

Ga r d e n s. See P o m o na , F lora , La t ina s , P r iap us , V er

t um na s .

G a t es . See Ja nu s H o r n Ga t e
, .

G a ut a m a ( gau ta or - Buddha . The fo un der of

the H i n du N yaya phi losophy .

G e n ii . H o u seho l d deities two of whic h atte n ded every

,

m ortal . O ne brought him happi n ess the o t her m isery ,

.

G en et o r ( je n e tor ) Th e Lycia n n a m
’
e - . of Jupiter .

G e o m e t ry See M er cury . .

G e r yo n — '
( j e ri o u )
of Erythea havi n g thr ee
. A gl a nt
bodies H is herds of catt l e were guarded by O rthos a
.
,

two headed dog a nd Eu yt o n a seve headed drago n

- r h i n -
, , .

These guardian s H ercul es sl ew a n d brought the divi n e ,

cattl e to Eurystheus This act was o n e of twe l ve l abors .

which he w a s set to acco m p lish Sa m e as Geryones .

,

G eryo neus .

G ia n t s . Bei n gs
of hum a n o r partl y hu m an form but , , ,

of m on strous size a n d usually o f great ugli n ess as the ,

Tita n s a n d the C ycl opes They were bo l d fierce a n d .

,

warl ike a n d are s upposed to have per so nified the vio le n t

,

forces o f nat ure earthqu a kes cyc lon es vo lca nic actio n
, , , ,
 G LAU C E — GN O S S I S 91
et c .
Their ha bit a tio n s we e r no t i nfr e que nt ly w ithi n the
c aves of fE t n a . S e e P o rp hyrio n .

G la nc e O ne of the N erei d s . See Ga leue .

G im l e t . S ee D aed a lus .

G ir d l e . S ee
”

'
C es t u s H ipp o lyt e
, ,
V enu s , M ercury .

G la uc us fisherm a n who n oticed A hum bl e ,

that whe n his fish were throw n upo n the shore they
s n apped eagerly at the b lades o f a certai n ki n d o f grass
a n d see m ed e n dowed with re n ewed l ife fo r they at o n ce ,

p lu nged i nto the sea Thi n kin g the sa m e vegetab l e diet

.

m ight stre ngthe n h im he ate thereof a n d was at o n ce ,

seized with a n irrepressib le d esire to p lun ge i nto t he sea .

Y ie ldi ng to the i m pu l se he was cha n ged i nto a sea god

-
‘

, ,

a n d was worshiped by fishe rm e n a n d boat m e n whose ,

i n terests he protected A Seco n d Gla u cus w as the .

gra n dso n o f Be lleropho n H e aided P ria m in t he Trojan .

w a r a n d excha n ged his go l de n ar m or with D io m edes

,

for a n iro n o n e A t hird Glauc us so n o f M i n o s a n d

.
,

P asiph ae was s m othered in a cask o f ho n ey a n d was

, ,

restored to life by P olyidus the soothsayer , .

G la u k o (pgil
s aw Mi n erva , so n a m ed because
s he had bl ue eyes .

G no m es D w a rfed a nd m is-shape n gobl i n s the

,

specia l guar d ia ns of m i n es a nd m i n ers .

G n o m id es g n o mes specia l prote o

Fe m ale ,

tors of dia m o n d s . They were reputed to be very s m a ll

a nd beautiful .

G no s s is Ariad n e , so n a m ed fro m the city of

G n ossus , in C rete .
92 G O AT—GOLD EN APPLE

Go a t . See I p higenia ,
V enus , A m a lt hea , C a p rip ed es ,
’

M end es H ylaeus P a n , , .

G o ld . S ee M id a s .

G o ld en The Gol de n Age occurred duri n g the

A ge .
”

reign of C ro n us the ripe n er the harvest god

“
In ,
”
.

this age the peop le had a n abun dan ce o f everythi n g

n ecessary to their co m for t a n d happi n ess I n n oce n ce .
,

virtue a n d truth prevai led n either were there a ny

,

l aws to restrict m en n o r judges to pu n ish But n oth

”
.
,

in g in this worl d is l asti n g A fter wars with the Tita n s .

a n d with the G ia n ts in which the gods prevai l ed peace , ,

was agai n establ ished a n d the S il ver A ge was ushered ,

in . Jupiter n o w ru l ed the worl d whi l e N eptu n e he l d ,

sway over the sea a n d Pluto govern ed the n ether world , .

A lthough the earth brought fort h of its abu n da n ce m e n .

l acked the i nn oce n ce a n d co n te n t m e n t which were the

true sources of the happin ess that prevai l ed duri n g the
G o l de n Age They becam e se lfish a n d overbeari ng a n d
.
,

l acked proper revere n ce fo r the gods The n foll owed .

the Bron ze Age n oted for it s co n sta n t quarre l in g a n d

,

deeds o f vio l e n c e This w a s fo ll owed by the I ron Age.

,

the w o rst o f a ll En feeb led by wars a n d strife the

r .
,

peopl e were ob liged to toil fo r bread a n d be n t o n gai n , , ,

they did their best to overreach o n e a n other P assio n .

k n e w n o bou n ds a n d m en refused a ll ho m age to the

,

gods Jupiter s wrath was ki n d l ed agai n st t he m a n d

.
’

after co nsulti ng with the other gods he decided to sweep ,

the m o ff the earth by a great flood Fo r the repeop li n g .

o f the earth see D eu c a lio n a nd P yrr a h

, .

G o l d e n Ap p l e See A t a la nt a D isco rd ia H esp erid es

‘

. ,
, ,

A t la s .
 G O LD E N F LE E C E —G R AC E S 93

G o ld en F leec e. daughter
Phryxu s a nd H e ll e , so n a nd

o f A tha m as a nd N ephe l e to escape the crue l treat m e n t ,

o f 1 11 0 their step m other m ou n ted a wi n ged gol de n

" ‘

, , ,

fleec ed ra m se n t by N ept u,
n e to car ry th em to C o l chis .

F righte n ed by the tossi n g waves u n der n eath her H e l l e ,

l et go her ho l d of the fleece a n d fe l l i n t o the s ea which ,

was after w ard ca l led the H e llespo n t Phryxus upo n .

,

reachi n g C o lchis sacrificed the ra m to the gods for the

,

s a fety they had vouchsafed him a n d ha n gi n g the go lde n ,

fleece o n a tree statio n ed a dragon to guard it n ight a n d

,

day This fleeceJason a n d h is A rgo nautic expeditio n

.

recovered a nd carried back to Thessaly a n d de m a n ded

, , ,

as his reward that his u n c l e P e l ias restore the thro n e

, , ,

to ZEso n the rightful ki ng who w a s brother to P e lias

, , ,

a n d father of Jaso n S ee Ja so n . .

G o p ya (g o - pi a) . N y m phs of I n dia n m ytho l ogy .

G o r go ns Were three sisters o f hideous These

appeara nce n a m ed Sthe n o Euryale a n d Me d usa Their
, , , .

hair took the for m of twisti n g vipers Every o n e who .

l ooked upo n the m w a s tur n ed i nto s to n e Perseus .

co nquered the m a n d cutti n g off the he a d of M edusa

, ,

prese nted it to Mi n erva w ho placed it in the ce n ter of ,

her shie l d S he w a s afterward ofte n call ed G orgopho n e

.
,

o r G orgo s layer
n - .

G ra c e s. D aughters
of Jupiter a n d Eury no m e a nd . .

at t e n da nts of V e n us They were na m ed A glaia s o .

, ,

ca lled o n accou nt of her beauty a n d good n ess ; Thalia ,

fro m her co n sta nt fresh n ess ; a n d Euphrosy n e fro m her ,

perpetual c heerfulness They were represe n te d a s beau .

tiful a n d charm i ng m aide ns a lways da n ci n g a n d si ngi n g , ,

94 G R AD I V U S — H AD E S

or bathi ng in the fou ntai n s or bedecki n g the m se lves with ,

flo w ers They dwe l t with the M uses in t heneighborhood

.

of O ly m pus A uthorities are n o t quite agreed as to their

.

origi n or n u m ber They w ere also ca lled G rati ae o r .

C harities S ee H egemo ne . .

G r a d iv u s ( gra A n a m e give n to Mars by the

Ro m a n sol diers .

-l
G r t e te ( gre é ) D aughters of P horcys. a n d C eto They .

were three hideous creatures o l d a n d withered with o nl y , ,

o n e eye a n d o n e tooth for the use o f the three They were .

n a m ed En yo sig n ifyi n g horror D em o alarm

"
, , ,

a n d P ephredo dre a d Thei r abode was a dark ca ve ”

.
,

near the e n tra n ce to Tartarus .

G r a n a r ie s . See Tu t elina .

G r a p sio s ( grap sios )

- . Jupiter ,
so n am ed in Lycia .

G ra s sh o p p er . See Tit ho nu s .

G r ie f . S ee N io be, E gerza H a lcyo ne I sm ene , ,

La ment a
t io n , Orp heu s .

G yg e s or Gyes . One of the three C e n ti m a n i .

G yr t o n p lace in Thessa l y t he sce n e of the A .

com bats betwee n the Lapith ae a n d t he C e ntaurs .

H a d a . The Baby l o n ish Ju n o .

H a d es The i n fern al regio ns the n ether world

ki ngdo m o f Pluto The n am e is al so app lied to Pluto .

hi m se l f ; a n d s ig nifi es d a rk hidd en gl oo m y l V r it t en , , .

al so A d es o r A id es See N a r roe N a st r a nd , M inos

, .
,
.
 HE M ON —H ALI E 95

H a em o n S on of C reo n lover of
,
An tigo n e .

H ae m us A m ou n t ain in Thrace t o which

O rpheus withdrew to m ourn his loss of Eurydice .

H a il s t o rm . See N uriel .

H a ir . See N ysu s , M ed usa ,

N er eid es .

'
H -
a l c yo n e ( ha l si o n e )
- W ife o f C eyx k i n g
, or A l cyo n e .
,

of Thessa ly W hi le o n his way to co nsu lt the orac l e

.
,

his vesse l was wrecked a nd a ll o n board perished , .

H a l cyo n e we n t with her atte n da n ts dai ly to watch o n the

'

shore for the retur n i n g sai ls Th e gods takin g pity o n .

,

her decided to break the sad n ews through a drea m I n

, .

her visio n she sa w the body of her husba n d stretched

upo n the shore A waki ng in the m orni ng she fled in
.
‘

terror to the beach o nly to see her husba n d s co l d corpse

,
’

washed upo n the sa n d Fee l i n g that she coul d n o t .

e ndure life without him she i nsta nt ly cast hers el f i nto ,

the sea Touched by her i nte n se l ove a nd grief the

.
,

go d s chan ged both bodies i nto birds ca lled H a l cyo n s ,

o r H a l cyo n Birds The expressio n hal cyo n days

.

m ea n s such days as H a l cyo n e a n d her husba n d spe nt

together before his dea t h S ee H a lcyo ns . .

H a c yo n s ( ha l s i o n s ) o r H a l cyo n Birds
l The ki ng
’
- .

fis her whose n est is supposed to have bee n bui lt upo n

,

the waves whic h were a l ways at rest duri n g the period

o f broodi ng The seve n days precedi n g a n d the s eve n
.

days fo ll o w i ng the s hortest da y o f the year bei n g ,

exceptio n al ly free fro m stor m s were regarded a s H al c y o n ,

D ays .

' -
H a l ie ( h a li é ) Th oe a n d H a l ie were N erei d s who per
.

s o nifie d t he fa n tastic p l ay of waves o f the sea .

96 H A LIRR H O THI U S — H EAV EN

'
H a l ir r h o t h iu s
( ir t hi A ha l - -ro so n of N ept une
be l oved of Al cippe daughter of Mars , .

H a lo a ( ha A harvest festival in ho nor of C eres .

H na
a n d r ya d es ( ha m -a -d ri a —
de ) z . W ood n y m phs who
presided over trees . S ee N ymp hs .

H a p p in e s s . See Genii, H a lcyo ne .

H a r b o r s. S ee P a loemo n , P ort unus .

' -
H a r m o n ia
( har -mo i ) W ife of C ad m us S he w a s
n a . .

daughter of Mars a n d V e n us a n d m other of S e m e l e .

H a r p ie s . Loathso m e
creatures having the hea d s a n d
breasts of wom e n , the
bodies of birds a n d the c laws of ,

l io n s They l ived in fi l t h a n d poiso ned everythi ng they

.
,

touched They were na m ed £ 110 O cypete a nd C e lae

.
,
-
,

no ,
or P odarge They were drive n to the S t ro pha d es
.

I sl a n ds by the so ns of Boreas The term is no w applied .

to a ny ravenous wretch o r extortio ner S ee Pa nd a reus .

,

Pht neu s .

H a rp o c r a t ( har -
po k ra -t ez )
es or H orus The Egyptia
’
n ,
.

god of sil e n ce or secrecy H e was the so n o f Osiris a nd .

I sis H e was represe nted as a youth hol di ng a fi n ger to

.

his l ips .

H a r v e st . A Ro m a n deity who presided over the harvest .

See C a rp o , S egest ia , M et a git nea Ceres Thesmop hor ia , ,

'
.

H a u r k . See N ysa s .

H ea lth . S ee H ygeia , S a lus , Med it rina .

H ea rth . S ee Hest ia ,
JlI a n es , V est a .

H e a ven . See B elisa m a , C ac tus .

98 H EG EM O E
N — nnt ro r o ms a

'-
H e ge m o n e ( e je m
h - o ne ) . Auxo a nd H ege m o n e w ere
the n am es give n in A t h e n s to two of the Graces .

H e if e r . S ee I nc .

H el ena ( he l e—n a ) D aughter '

of Jupiter a.n d Leda .

W he n a c hil d she was s o beautiful that Theseus a n d

P erit ho us kid n apped her a n d p laced her u n der the care
o f Theseus m other C astor a n d P o ll ux recovered her
’
. .

S he m arried M e n e l aus ki n g of S par t a but af t er w ard , ,

e loped with P aris to Troy The kin g se n t a m bassadors to .

the court o f P riam de m a n di n g her restitutio n b ut ,

Pria m refused This was the cause of t he Troja n war

. .

A fter the death of P aris she m arried D eiphobus his ,

brother a nd then betra yed him to Me nel aus S he was

,
.

tied to a tree a n d stra n gl ed by order of P olyxo ki ng o f ,

Rhodes O fte n wr itte n H elen

. .

H elenu s ( he l e ) K i n g of Epirus
’

A fter
-n u s the death . .

o f H ector An dro m ache beca m e his s l ave

, .

'
H e l ia d ( es ) Sisters
he-li a -d ez
o f P haeto n Their n a m es . .

were AEgle Lam petia a n d P haethusa

,
They stood , .

m our n i n g their brother s tragic death u nti l they were ’

cha nged i nto pop lar trees a n d their tears were c o n ,

verted i n to a m ber .

H e l ic o n ( h é l 1 -c o n ) . A m ou ntai n in B oeotia sacred to

A po l l o a nd the Muses ,
whe nce flowed the fou ntai n o f
H ippocr e n e .

'-
H e l ic o n ia d e s ( h é l -i-c c -n i a d e
z) A n a m e o f the Muses ,

fro m H e l ico n .

H e l io p o l is ( hé—l i-o o-
p l is )
'
I n Egypt , was the city of the
s un .
 H E LIO S — H E R A C LE S 9

H e l io s ( hos ) H e l ios a n d S o l were n a m es give n to

é
’
li- .

A po ll o as god of the su n H e w e n t forth every day in .

his chariot but return ed at n ig ht in ago l de n boat which

,

had wi n gs /

H e l io t ro p e . A po llo
cha nged C lytie a l ove or n m aide n ,
-l

who se affectio n s he coul d n o t retur n into this flower , .

S o m e writers sa y s he was tur n ed i nto a su nflo w er .

See C lyt ie .

H e l le The H e ll espo nt , no w cal led the Dar

da nelles was na m ed
,
in her ho n or . S ee Go ld en F leece .

H e l len. of D eucalio n a n d P yrrha F ro m him the

Son .

H e l le n ic race derived it s n a m e I t s four great bra n ches .

,

the ZEolia n s D oria ns A ch aean s a n d I o nia n s traced their

, , ,

na m es a n d desce n t fro m his four so ns ZEo l u s D orus , , ,

A ch aeus a n d I o n
, .

H e l l e s p o n t ia c u s ( - -
he l l e s p o n t
- -
e a c us
’

) . A tit le of

P riapus .

H em e ra he m e ) N or N m a i g ight
’

( o x yx e n -ra
n n .
, ,

beca m e the wife of Erebus dark ness a n d bore to him , ,

t w o chi ldre n Hither the pure air a n d H e m era day

, , , , .

H em h
p ta The Jup iter of t he Egyptia ns .

H e p h se s t ia ( b e f —-t
es 1 a) . F esti va l s in ho n or of V u l ca n .

H l
e p l t e st u s ( h e The V u lca n of the Gree k s .

See V u lc a n .

H er a The G reek n am e o f J uno . See Ju no .

H era c les ( her a ’

-c lez
) . The G ree k n am e of H ercules ,
which see .
1 00 H E R C U LE S

'
H er c ul es ( h
) eor
r H erac
-
c u l ez l es The Theba n s on
, .
,

o f Jupiter a n d Al c m e n e Jun o the r ightful wife of .

,

Jupiter stu n g w it h jeal ousy se n t two serpe n ts to de

, ,

stroy the i n fa n t H ercul es but though o n ly eight , ,

m o n ths o ld he stra n gl ed the m

, H e was carefu lly edu .

c a t e d by C hiro n a wise a n d ki n d C e n taur who taught

, ,

him the u s e of a l l w eapo n s a n d trai n ed h im in ath l etic ,

sports Jun o prevai led upo n Jupiter to p l ace H ercules

m
.

u n der Eurystheus ki ng of A rgos This w ic k e d

, c r ue l .

task m aster s et him to perfor m what we re thought to be

i m possib le tasks These are k n own as the Twelve
.

Labors of H ercu l es .

1 To s lay the N e m ea n Lio n

. This fierce creature had .

c o m m itted count l ess d epred a t io n a c a rried e ff cattle a n d

sheep a n d destroyed m en wo m e n a n d chil dre n a n d
, , , ,

had e luded a ll atte m pts at capture But the hero ic .

H ercu l es tracked him to his d en took h im by the thr oat ,

a n d stra n g l ed h im as he had stra n g l ed the s n akes in

chi ldhood H e skinned t he beast a n d afterward w e re

.
,

his pel t as a coveri n g .

2 To destroy the H ydra

. H avi ng return ed in triu m ph
.

fro m the sce ne of his first expl oit he was se nt i nto the ,

m arshes of Ler a to destroy the m a n y headed Hydra

n - .

H avi n g succeeded in cutti n g off o n e head he discovered

that i m m ediate l y seve n other heads cam e in its place .

Taki g a fire bran d he seared each woun d as soon as a

n -

head had been su n dered a n d soon co m p l eted the seco n d

,

task .

3 To capture the Ery m an thia n Boar

. This task was .

acco m p l ished with l ike success See Eryma nt hu s . .

4 To capture the C ery n ean S tag

. S ee C erynea n S t a g . .

5 To destroy the S t ym phal ian Birds

. These da n ge r .
 02 —
;

t
n H ER D S M EN H ER M IO N E

assist at his death H e the n cast hi m se l f upon the burn

.

in g pi l e a n d w he n Jupiter behe l d t h e fla m es h e c a ug ht
, ,

the dise m bodied S pirit a nd bore it to the abode o f the

,

gods t here to dwe l l in happi n ess forever See Tr a chinia

, .

GEet a
’
.

H e r d sm e n . S ee B ubo na
mes
.

H e r m ae or M ercury se t
S tatues of H er , ,

up in A the s to de ote bou daries a d as guide posts to

n n n n -
,

direct trave lers They were a lso p l aced in fro nt o f

.

te m pl es a n d to m bs in the gym n asia porticos l ibraries

, , , ,

a n d other pub l ic p l aces a n d were he l d in great rever

,

e n ce W ritte n a l so H erm es I t was the dut y o f trav

. .

l
e e s
r passi n g o n e of these sig n -posts o n the high w ays to
p l ace a sto n e at it s foot This custo m served to c lear .

the roads a n d fiel ds o f sto n es I f m ore tha n two roads .

crossed a correspo n d i ng nu m ber o f heads were used

, ,

o ne poi n ti n g each way S o m eti m es the faces o f H er m es

.

a n d A po l l o s ur m o un ted the sa m e pedesta l These were .

ca lled H erm a po ll o I n l ike m a nn er a co m bi n atio n o f

.

H er m es a n d Athe n e was cal l ed H erm a t h e n ae .

H e r m a n u b is ( her -m a S ee A n ub is .

H e r m a p o o ( her m a
l l - S ee H er mee .

H e r m a t h e n ae ( her -m a S e e H er m oe .

H e rm e s The G reek Mercury .

H e r m io n e ( her m i o n e )
- D aughte r o f Mars a n d V e n us
’
-
,

a n d wife of C ad m us K i n g of Thebes ,
S h e was co n verted .

i nto a s n ake a n d per m itted to dwel l in the Elysia n F ie l ds .

S he was so m eti m es call ed H ar m o n ica A n other H e r .

m io n e daughter o f Me n e l aus a n d H e l e n was betrothed to

,
‘

O restes but was carried away by P yrrhus so n o f

‘

, ,

A chi lles .
 H E RO — H E S P E RI S 1 03

H ero A char m i ng m aide n , priestess o f V e nus

. Lea n d er .

swa m the H e ll espo nt every n ight to visit her but w a s

drow n ed at l ast in a terrib l e storm , a n d H ero overco m e
—
,

by her sa d loss , cast hersel f i nto t he s ea a nd shared his

fate .

H ero d o t us ( he -rod ’
o—
t us ) . The m ost n o t ed of a n cie n t
histor i a ns .

H ero e s or D e m igods They were regarded as o f divi ne .

ori g1 n partly a n d were pictured as o f god like form

,

stre ngth a n d c ourage See V a lha lla . .

H e r o st r a t us ( he - ros tra tus ) ’

- . See D ia na o f t he Ep he
sia ns .

H e r se D aughter
ki n g o f Attica of C ecrops , .

S he beca m e the m other o f C eryx fro m who m the pr i est ly ,

fa m ily of hera l ds of A t t ic a w e re desce n ded ‘

H e sio (dhe s d ) or ’
ic
- H esiodus . O ne of the m ost fa m ous
o f a n cie nt poets .

H e s io n e h - D aughter Lao m edo n S h e was

’

( e si
-
o ne ) of .

rescued fro m a sea m

- o nster by H ercules . S ee La o m ed o n .

' -
H e sp e r e ( hes pe re ) . O ne of t he H esperides .

H e sp e r ia ( hes pe ri ) -
’
-a . A n a m e app lied by ZEn ea s t o
an cie n t I ta ly .

H e sp e r id e s ( p é r ) Three
h es - daughters o f H es
’
-
i d ez .

perus k 1ng of I ta ly They were a ppoi n ted t o guard the

, .

gol de n app l es w hich Ju no gave Jupiter o n their weddi ng

day S ee A t la s H ercu les Tit oea
.
, , .

'
H e s p e r is ( hes per i s ) - . M other of t he H esperides . A
per so n i ficatio n of the regio ns of t he W es t .
1 04 H E S PER U S m
H l PP O C R EN E

'
H (
e sp e r u s hes per ) F ather of the H esperides Go d -u s . .

of the W est H e was cha n ged i n to the eve n i n g star

. .

'
H ia ( es t a )
b iesta G oddess of the hearth G reek V
‘

e st -
. . .

O n e of the twe l ve O l y m pia n deities .

H ie r o g l yp h ic s . See M ercury .

H ig h w a y .
s See Ja nus , H er m ce .

H il d ur . The Mars of Scan di navia .

H il l s . See C o llina .

H im hi m e ros ) A l so H i m erus G d of the de

’
-
(
er o s o . .

sire o f l ove o ne of the a t te n da n ts of V e n us .

' —
H ip p ia ( hip p i a ) A sur n a m e o f Mi n erva
’

. .

H ip p iu s ( hip pi-u s)
’
. A surn a m e of N eptu n e .

H ip p o . O ne of the O cea n ids . The ter m sig n ifies l ike

a swift curre nt .
’

H ip p o c a m p u s (hip - o
p N eptu n e
’
s favorite
horse a fabul ous creature hal f horse half
, , ,
fish :

H ip p o ( hip
c o o poc o
n t id e s H ercu l es a s -
’
-o n

sisted Ty n dareus to regai n his thro n e fro m which he had

been drive n by the fa m i l y o f H ippo c o ont id es .

H ip p o c r e n id e s am e o f the ( hip—po -Cr e A n

Muses fro m t he fou ntai n of H ippocre n e the horse fou n

, ,

tai n said to have b een for m ed by a kick o f the wi n ged

,

horse P egasus .

H ip p o ( hip
c rene
p o A fou n tai n - of Boeotia ,
n ear M ou n t H e l ico n sacred to the Muses ,
. S ee H ipp o
c renid es .
1 06 H OR AZ— H YA C I N T H I A

H o me D aughters or accord of S ol a nd C hro n is , ,

in g to others of Jupi t er a n d Th e m is
,
They were god .

desses o f the seaso n s a n d atte n dants of V e nus .

H o rn . S e e F o r t una .

H o rn G a t e . The gate l eadi n g fro m the cave o f S o m nus

to the ou t er ,
worl d S a m e as I vory Gate
. . See JVIorp heus .

H o r se . S e e Cy ll a r os O y
c r oe , O c t o be H o r se , H i
r -
, pp o n a ,

A r io n , E o ns , E t ho n , E ryt hr o s , C en t a u rs , H ipp o c a mp u s ,
P ega su s , M iner va , N ep t u ne .

H o r s e m a n s h ip . See C a st or .

H o r se N ep t u ne .

H o r t e n sis
( hor ) A n a m e o f V e n us
-t en s isi
’
n her char
acter of caretaker of flowers a n d p l a n ts in gar d e n s .

H o rus The Egyptia n S o l , or go d o f day . A lso

the son of O siris a nd I sis . S ee H a rp o c ra t es .

H o st il in a ( ho s t i
- Goddess of growi n g cor n .

H o un d s . See C isset a , C o ra n , C yllo , C yllop o t es ,

D o gs ,

D ra co , E nd r o m os , H ecuba , I c hno ba t e, La d o n , Laela p s .

H o u r s. A tte n da nts of V e n us a nd of A po l l o .

H o u se h o ld . See La res .

H un d re d -
ha nd ed . S ee C ent im a ni .

H u n ge r See E r ysicht hon

. .

H u n t in g See D ia na P a n A ga m em no n
.
, , .

H ya c in t h a ( hi a si t i a )
i h A f estiva l in ho n or o f
’
- - n - .

A po ll o ce l ebrated a n n ua l ly at S part a in Ju ly a nd lasti n g ,

ni ne days .
 ‘

H YA C I N TH I U S —H YMEN 1 07

H ya c in t h ia s ( hi-a -s in
’

th i us
-
) . A n am e of A po l lo .

H ya c in t h u s
( boyh i-agreat l y l oved by —
A
A pol lo a n d Z ephyrus
’
S ee i n g A po ll o a n d H yaci nthus
.

e n ga ge d in a frie n d l y ga m e o f quoits Z ephyrus the , ,

sou t h wi n d ever j ea lous o f the co m pa n io n ship o f H ya

,

c in t hu s w ho was a n exceedi n g l y a m iab l e youth b le w .

,

agai n st the Si de o f A po l l o s quoit a n d cau sed it t o strike ’

,

his frie n d a n d he died f ro m the e ffects o f the w ou n d The

, .

drops o f b lo o d that fe ll fro m the wou n d were i n sta n tl y

cha n ged by A po ll o i nto beautiful c l u s ters o f hyaci n ths
which t he disco n so late Z ephyrus jea l ous l y guarded a n d
te n derl y cared fo r .

H ya d es ( hi a -
d ez )
’

. Th e s eve n daughters of Atlas a nd

ZEt h ra .

H yd r a A hu dred headed serpe nt s lai n b y

n -

H ercu l es . S e e H er cu les .

H yg e ia ( h i G oddess
hea l th D aughte r o f of .

[Esc u l a pius a n d Epion e a n d he l d in great ho n or by the ,

a n c i e n ts S o m e writers sa y she was the wife of "Esc u

.

l a piu s .

H yl ae u s ( hi A fores t god . Sa m e as Pa n .

H yl a s A beautiful youth who acco m pa nied

H ercu les in the A rgo na utic expeditio n Bei n g se n t t o a .

spri ng to fetch water he fai led to retur n a n d H ercu les , ,

discovered that the ny m phs o f the Spri n g e n a m ored o f "

his beauty dre w him to their abode

, .

H yl n e n Go d of m arriage . S on of Bacchus a n d
V e nus or accordi n g to other writers
, , . of Apo ll o a n d o n e
o f the Muses S a m e a s H y m e n aeus . .
1 08 H YM E TT U S —I C E LU S

H ym e t t u s ( hi N am e of a m ountai n in Attica .

H yp e r b o r e a n s ( per bo re ) A vir t uous race

hi- - ’
-a n s . l iv
in g n orth of O cea nus where it was al w ays l ight , .

' -
I l yp e r io n ri ( hi W a n derer
-pé on) on high the
Tita n who had charge of the s chariot
u n - . S o n of Occl us
a nd Terra The m ode l of m a n ly beauty
. .

H yp e r m n e s t r a ( hi-perm See D a na u s .

H yp n u s ; G o d of s l eep . S am e as Som nus , H u pno s ,

H yp n os .

I a c c h us ( i A n am e of Bacchus .

l et o s ( ap e -t o s
) S am e as Ja pet u s
’
a p i-
. .

I a p is ( 1 -a pis ) . A physicia n who with the aid , of V e n us ,

cures ZEn ea s .

I a siu s ( i-a- hi-

s u s) F ather of A tal anta . S am e as I asio n .

I b l is Th e S atan of the A rabia n s .

I c a rus ( ik a ) S
’
o n of
-r u s
D aeda.l us H e a n d his father .

m ade the m s e l ves wi n gs with which to fly fro m C rete to

escape the a n ger o f the ki ng The wi n gs were faste n ed .

to the shoul ders with wax a n d in the exuberan ce o f his ,

joy a t their n ove l m ea ns of escape he flew too n ear the ,

su n the wax m e lted the wi n gs dropped o ff a n d I carus

, ,

fe ll i nto the I caria n or ZE gea n s ea a n d was dro w ned

, , , .

S ee D aed a lus .

I c el u s ( is e -l
’

u s ) . An assista n t to Morpheus in the fash

i c h in g o f drea m s . See M orp heus .
11 0 —
I LTA I N O .

I l ia ( il —)
1 aof the Tit a nid es daughter of U ra nus
. O ne ,

a n d G aea Al so a priestess of V esta wife of Mars a nd

.
,

m other o f Ro m u l us a n d Re m us .

I l ia d . H om er s epic poe m
’
on the Troja n war .

I l io n . Same as Troy or , I l iu m .

I l it h yia .
( il -i S ee E ileithyia .

I m b ro s is l a nds near Le m n os a nd I m bros ,

Greece where Mercury w a s worshiped as t he god who
,

gave frui t ful ness to flocks a n d herds S ee C a d mil us . .

I m p er a t o r . Jupiter a n a m e g ive n
, h im at P rae neste .

I na c hus ( in a — '
kus ) . A
. river god ,
father of 10 .

I nc end ia r y. S ee E r osa t u s .

I nc e n se . S ee V enu s .

I nc ub us . N ight m are . A n a m e give n to Pa n by the

Ro m an s .

I n d ig e t e s ( en d i
- G ods of the fourth ra nk .

I nd ra Jupiter of the H i n doos

. The . I n d ra n t , his wife
presides over the wi n ds a n d thu n der .

I n d u st r y . S ee E r ga ne .

I n fa n t s . S ee N a t io , Leva na , N a nd ina , R umia D ea .

I n g r a t it u d e. S ee At a la n t a .

I n h o sp it a l it y S ee B usir is . .

'
l n n u s ( in nus ) or I n n uu s See I nc ubus . .

l no D aughter
of C ad m us a n d H arm o nia S he .

m arried Atha m as ki n g o f Thebe s after he had divorce d

, ,
 —
I N O A IO LE . 111

Nephe le I no had t o chi l dre n who coul d n o t asce n d

. w
the thro ne whi l e Phryxus a n d H elle N ephe l e s chi l dre n , ,
’

were livi ng I o s
n
’
il l -treat m e nt o f her stepchi l dre n l e d
.

the m to pl a n their escape S ee Go ld en F leec e To escape . .

the fury of her husba n d she cast herse l f into t he sea a n d

was drow ned N eptu e cha ged her i to a ea goddess
n n n s -
.

ca lled Leucothea .

I no a ( i F estiva l s in ho n or of I nc .

''
I nuus ( in l l -u s ) . See Pa n .

I n sa n it y . See M ela mp us ,
P hryxus .

I n st r u m e n t a l M u sic . See E u t erp e, Lyre, F lut e (M a r

sya s ) .

I o D aughter
achus Because o f her i ntrigue of I n .

with Jupiter she was drive n by Ju n o out of the cou n t ry

,

She fi na l ly reached Egypt a n d beca m e the wife o f K i n g ,

O s i ri s H er so n Epaphus beca m e the first ki n g a n d

.

f o u n der o f Me m phis A fter her deat h I o was worshiped .

as the goddess I sis .

I o b a ( ob
t esa ) K i n g o f Lycia
i- to who m P
’
r oetus
-t ez .
, ,

so n o f A bas fled for protectio n fro m his father A crisius

, .

'
I o la us or I ol as S o n of I phicl es H e he l ped
( i-o-l a -u s ) . .

H ercul es to destroy the H ydra See H yd ra Lover s . .

used to go to his statue at P hocis to p ledge their love

a n d fi d e l ity .

I Seat the a ncie n t race the Mi n y ae

“

o lc us ( i of of ,

in Thessa l y ki n gdo m ,
of ZEso n .

I le -o -l e
) D aughter
ki ng o f ( Ec ha lia of Eurytus ,
’
o ( i .
,

who ref used the m arriage of I o l e with H ercul es .

112 I ON —I S IS

I o n Gra ndso n of Helen , a ncestor of the I o ni a n

race .

I o t h un . G ia nts a nd m o nsters of C e ltic m ytho l ogy .

I p h ic l e s ( if -
i c lé z I ph ic l u s of A m phitryo n
’
-
) or . S on
a n d A l c m e na twi n brother o f H ercul es Jeal ous of
, a nd .

H ercu l es Ju n o se n t two se rpe n ts to destroy him I phic l es

, .

was fi ll ed wit h fear b ut H ercules seized the m o ne in , ,

each h a n d a n d squeezed the m to death

, .

I p h ig e n ia i -
( f 1
’
—
j e D aughter of A ga m e mn o n a nd

C l yte m n estra . S e e A ga m em no n .

I p h il n e d e ia ( if i m
- - e Mother o f O tus a ndEphia l
tes two gia nts who were pun y whe n born but
, ,
w ho , l ivi n g
e n tire l y upo n grai n grew s o fast that they be c a m ,

n oted fo r their wo n derfu l size a n d beauty S ee A loeu s .

,

Ep hia lt es .

I p h is ( i -fis ) Father o f Eteoc l us , who w as of the

’
. o ne

S eve n agai n st Thebes .

I r is ris ) The rai n bow O n e of the O c ea n id es a t t en d

( i- . .
,

a n t o f J un o a n d m esse n ger o f the gods H er duty was .

to cut the thread whic h he ld the sou l to the body S he .

a l so fi lled the c lo uds with water fro m the strea m s a n d

l akes a n d caused the sho w ers to fa ll a n d ferti l ize the
,

earth .

I ro n . S ee V u lc a n .

I ro n A ge . S ee Go ld en A ge .

I sa nd rus ( i O ne the three beautiful

of

chi ldren of Be l l eropho n . He was s lai n by Mars .

I s is A n Egyptia n deity wife

,
of O siris . See I o .
1 14 JA C C H U S — JA N U S QU A D R I F O N S .

t hee . retur n for the ha n d of D ia he was to give her

In ,

father a certai n sum w hich he decli n ed to do Bei ng ,

.

l oud ly i m portu n ed to fu lfi l his pro m ise he s l ew his ,

father i h l a w a nd t he case w a s appea led to the go ds

- -
, .

I xio n p l eaded his case so ski l fu l ly that Jupiter was

about to acquit him whe n he sudde nl y caught h im m a k ,

in g l ove to Ju n o F o r this offe n se J upit er sen t him to

'

Tartarus a n d had him bou nd to a n ever-revo lvi n g whee l

which with every tur n exposed h im to a fla m e o f fire .

Ja c c h us See D io nysiu s .

'-
J a n it a r ( ja n i tar ) . See D ya us .

J a n i ( j a -n i) A m eeti ng p l ace in Ro m e for bo rrowers a n d

’

l e n ders of m o n ey I t was m ar k ed by thr e e statues of

.

Janus .

'
J a n ic u l u m (j a -n ik u -lu m ) . A city on the Tiber foun ded
by Jan us .

Ja n us A n ative
ki n g of I taly of Thessa l y a nd .

H e was the s o n o f A po l l o
som e say o f C oel us a n d H ecate .

H e is represe nted with two faces because he cou l d see

the future as we ll as the past H e presided over high .

ways l ocks a n d gates H e was u n kn own t o t he G reeks

, ,
.
,

but was fro m the earl iest ti m es hel d in high est ee m by

, ,

the Ro m a n s H is te m pl e w a s al ways Ope n in tim e of

.

war a n d c l osed in ti m e of pe ace S ee I lio nt hs

,
. .

J a n u s Q u a d r if o n s ( j us A ce l e '
an k w od
' —
ri fo n z ) .

b ra t e d te m p l e dedicated to Ja n us I t was perfect l y .

square a n d ha d o n e door a nd three wi n dows o n each

,

side The doors represe nte d the four seaso ns a n d the

.
,

wi n dows the three m o nths o f each seaso n .

 J A P E TU S — JA S O N . 11 5
'-
J a p e t u s ( jap e tus ) S o n of C oelu s
. a nd Terra husba nd ,

of C l ym e n e . The G reeks regarded him a s the father o f

m a n ki n d . Sam e a s I apetus .

Ja rd a nus . See I t a nus .

' -
Ja sio n ( ja si T h
o n)
e first sower
. of grai n C eres bore :

to him a so n Plutus a perso n ificatio n o f the wealt h de

, ,

r ived fro m the cul tivatio n o f grai n .

Ja so See M ed it r ina .

Ja so n of Alison a nd A l ci m edes H e w a s
S on .

educated by the C e ntaur C hiro n a n d w a s the chief of ,

the A rgo nau t ic expeditio n O n his way t o C o lchis he.

m e t with m an y i n teresti n g adve n tures Ju n o a n d .

Mi n erva both aided him in o v e rc o m in g the m ore serious

obstacles a nd his o w n courage stre ngth a n d wisdo m
, , ,

w ere sufficie n t to m eet the rest H is great ki n d .

n ess of heart le d him to befrie n d m a ny perso n s o nthe

way U po n reachi n g C o l chis fEet es the k i ng decl ared

.
, , ,

t hat before Jaso n cou l d have the Gol de n Fleece he m ust

catch a n d ta m e two fiery bul l s a n d u s e the m to pl o w a
piece o f sto ny groun d sacre d to Mars U po n this grou n d .

he m us t so w so m e drago n s teeth a n d con quer the gia nts

’

that woul d spri n g up fro m the m H is third task was .

to destroy t he drago n that had bee n s et to guard the

G olde n Fleece These see m i n gly i m possib l e tasks wou ld
.

have baffled eve n so great a hero as Jaso n had he no t

had the assista n ce of Medea the ki ng s daughter a ,
’
,

beautiful you n g sorceress who fell in l ove with the ,

brave a n d m a nl y Jason a n d who pro m ised to aid him in

,

his l abors if he woul d m arry her H e glad ly accepted her .

propositio n a nd by the aid of her m agic he was e nab led

,
1 16 JA S O N .

to harness the t erribl e bulls a n d p l ow the fie l d a nd sow ,

the drago n s teeth W hen he sa w the host of gia nts in

’
.

ful l ar m or c o m e out of t h e groun d he woul d have fled ,

but Medea tol d him to sn atch up so m e dust a nd throw

it in their faces H a l f b l i n ded they attac k ed o ne a n
.
,

other a n d soo n were a l l s l ai n W ith a n opiate pr epared

, .

by Medea he next put the d rago n to sl eep a n d the n ,

severed his hideous h ead a n d teari ng the coveted fleece

, ,

fro m the tree to which it had been faste ned he bore it ,

in triu m ph to the A rgo where he was we l co m ed with

,

rejoici g by his forty n i n e com pa n io n s in the expedition

n - .

U n der cover of the n ight they stealthi l y sai l ed away ,

taki ng with the m M edea a n d her l ittle bro t her A bsyrtus ,

the ki ng s o nl y so n a n d heir W ith the earl y daw n the

’
.

ki n g a n d his fol lowers started in pursuit a nd woul d ,

have overtake n the G reeks had n o t the crue l Medea s l ai n

her o n ly brother a n d cutti ng his body in pieces
, , ,

dropped the m o ne by o ne i nto the sea in sigh t o f the

distracted fa ther H e carefully gathered up the precious
.

fragm e nts thus de l aying t he speed of the boat a nd soon

, ,

l ost sight of the fugitives U po n reachi n g hom e Jaso n

.
,

foun d that his father E so n ha d grown o l d a n d de

H e i n voked the aid of M edea s m agic whereby
’
c r epit . ,

he was restored to youth stre ngth a nd grace agai n , ,

.

P e lias the brother w ho ha d usurped the thro n e of

,

ZEso n had two daughters who hearin g how their u n c l e

, ,

had bee n m ade youn g a n d beautiful appl ied to Medea in ,

order that their beauty m ight be e nha n ced The crafty .

M edea gave the m i n structio n s which l e d to their father s

’

death S oo n after Jaso n fe ll in l ove w ith Glauce or

.
, ,

C reusa Fra n tic wit h rage a n d jea l o u sy Medea se n t the

.
,

m aide n a beautiful m a gic robe whi c h she ha d no soo n er ,

 JU N O N E S —JU P I TE R .

obj ects o f Jupiter s affectio n s She was the goddess o f

’
.

m arriage a n d the specia l guardia n o f m arried wo m e n

, .

I n the co m petitio n for the go l de n app l e s he w a s dis

p l eased with Paris for a w ardi ng it to V e nu s for Ju n o ,

accou n ted herse l f the m os t beautifu l a m o n g the co ntest

a n ts S he was the m o t her o f Mars V u l ca n H ebe a n d
.
, , ,

Luci n a S he was worshiped with specia l revere n ce in

.

A rgos O l ym pia C ori n th a n d m a n y other tow n s

, ,
H er
,
.

favorite b ird was the peacock The Matro n alia was t he .

chief festiva l in her hon or I t was hel d o n the first of .

M arch a nn ua l ly a n d o n l y wo m e n were per m itted to

,

atte n d See A r gus P a r is P a r t henia

.
, , .

'
Jun o n es (j o u ez ) A ter m app
-
u n l ied to the spirits
or deities that a fforded special protectio n to Wo m e n .

J u p it e r of C ro n us a n d Rhea o r accordi n g to the

. S on , ,

Ro m an s of S atur n a n d O ps was bor n o n M ou nt I d a in

, , ,

C rete a n d n ourishe d by the goa t A m a l th aea H e was the

, .

chief god a m o n g the Ro m a n s who s t y l ed him O pti m us

Maxi m us t he Best G reates t A s he presided over the
, .

phe n o m e n a o f the heave n s he was freque n t ly i nvoked by ,

such tit les as c l oud gatherer

- m ighty thu n derer ,
”
,

g o d o f the broad l ight o f d a y A s he ru l ed supre m e in .

”
,

the affa i rs o f m e n he was styled the ru ler a n d preser ver

o f the wor l d the father o f gods a n d m en To pro
“ ” ”
, .

p it ia t e h im sacrifices were, offered at the begi n n i n g o f

every i m porta n t u n dertaki n g A s t he light o f day is .

best represe n ted by white that co l or was sacred to him , .

H is chariot was draw n by four white horses his priests ,

‘

w e re white caps a n d offered up white a n i m a l s as sacri

.

fi c es. H e assu m ed the for m o f a white bul l whe n he

abducted E uropa W hi le yet quite you n g Jupiter rescued
.
,
 —
J U S TI C E K A K IA . 11 9

his father fro m the Tita ns Later with the he lp of .

,

H ercu l es he overca m e the gia nts so n s of earth who

, , ,

sought to ave n ge the death o f the Tita n s W ith his _

.

m a n y virtues as a god he coup l ed m a n y of t he weak

n esses o f m orta l s H is first m arriage was with Metis a
.
,

daughter o f O c ea n us who m he swa llowed before her ,

so n was bor n in order to i n sure the co nti n ua n ce o f his

,

power as the chief deity From his o w n head the n .

spra ng Mi n erva The m is bore h im A s t raea a n d the H o rse

. .

Jun o bore him H ebe Mars V u l ca n a n d Luci na C eres

, , ,
“

bore him P roserpi n a Lato na bore him Apo llo a n d D i

.

a na . D io n e bore him V e nus Maia bore him Mercury . .

Se m e l e bore him Bacchus A l c m e n e bore him H ercu l es . .

Mn e m osy n e bore him the Muses a n d Eury n om e bore ,

him the G races H e is usua ll y represe n ted with thu n

.

d er b o l t s in his ha n d a n d with the eag l e his favorite

, ,

bird p laced beside his thro n e A deity correspo n din g

, .

to J upiter is fou n d in m a ny n atio n s The A frica ns .

ca lled him A m m o n the Babyl o n ia n s Be lus ; the Egyp ,

tia n s O siris ; t he G reeks Z eus

, , .

J u s t ic e. See A st r ea , N em esis ,
Them is , D ik e .

J ut ur n us ( j tur
u -n us ) ’
Sister a nd charioteer of Turnus .

J u v e nt u s (j u A .
n am e app lied to H ebe god ,

dess of youth .

K a k ia ( ka k ) G oddess
’
-
iao f vice
. W he n H ercu l es had .
"

fi nished his i nstructio n u n der C hiro n a n d had s et o ut to

seek his fortu ne he was m et by two bea u tifu l wo m e n
, ,

A c re t e represe n t in g virtue a n d K akia represe n ti ng vice

, , ,
.

Each o ffered to be his guide K a k ia pro m is ed rich es .

,
1 20 K A LI — K RO B O .

hon or ease a n d l ove A c ret e to l d him that if he chos e

, ,
'

to foll ow her his l ife woul d be o ne o f e n d l ess toi l hard

, ,

ship a n d poverty spe nt in wagin g war agai nst evi l H e

, , .

chose the l atter for his guide .

K a li goddess of the A H in doos ,

whe n ce the
n a m e of the city C a l cutta .

K a lo e. A Mexica n god .

K a ma The H i ndoo god of l ove .

K eb la The poi n t towards which w orshipers pray

.
.

The su n worshipers toward su n rise the Maho m m eda n s

-
,

toward M e cca .

K e d e rli . A god the Maho m m edan s correspo n di n g to

of

the En glish S t . G eorge The T ur ks sti ll i nvoke his aid

.

in their wars .

K in d n e ss . See Lit oe .

K iu n . V e n us of the Egyptia ns .

K n ep h f A n Egyptia n god havi ng a m an s body

’

( n e ) .
,

a nd a ra m s head ’
.

K o p o cere
. m o n y he l d at Thebes every eighth year
A in
ho n or of A pollo I sm enius .

K o ra . P roserpi n e . or Proserpi n a ,
was a lso k n ow n to the
Ro m a n s as Libera . The G reeks call ed her K ora o r Per
sepho n e .

K r ish na . A n I n dia n god the reve n ger

, of wro ngs .

K ro d o . The S a xo n S at urn .
1 22 LAM E N E S S — LA O M ED O N .

L a m e n e ss . See P lu t us , V u lc a n .

L a m e n t a t io n . See C o cyt u s , Grief .

La m ia fe m a l e de m on that e nticed youths

l
( a m i-a)
’

. A
a n d fed upon their flesh A m o n g the G ree k s a n d .

Ro m a ns a n evi l deity great ly feared by chi l dre n

,
.

La m p . S e e La r es P ena t es ,
.

'
L a m p e t ia pe shi ) W he n Phaeto n had bee n
( l a m - -a .

hurled fro m the s n c hariot of A pollo a nd s lai n his

u -
,

sisters Phaetusa La m petia a n d ZEgl e cal led the H e li

, , , ,

ades spe nt their days in weepi n g a n d wrin g i n g their

.

han ds The gods in pity tra n sfor m ed them i nto poplar

.
, ,

trees a n d their tears i nto a m ber .

La m p o m A urora s chariot horses were nam ed

’
l )
’
s ( a po s

Phaeto n a n d La m po s .

'
La o co o n ) priest of A po(ll
l o -I
a o n the Trok -
o on . A .

j a n war he appeared bri n gi n g the woode n horse i n to

the city H e a n d his two so n s were stra n gl ed to death
.

by serpe nts This was supposed to be a pu nish m e n t for

.

havi n g thrust his spear i nto the b ody o f the woode n

horse .

La o d a l n ia ( l a-o d -a The beautiful daughter of

A castus a nd wife of P rot erila us She was s lai n by .

D ia n a .

La o m e d ( o n ki n g
la o m e d o n )
- o
’
f- . S on of I lu s , a nd

Troy whose walls he with the aid o f Apoll o a nd N eptu n e

, , ,

bui lt Fai li n g to receive the prom ised reward fo r his

.

services N eptun e sent a terribl e m o nster t o devastate

,

the cou n try This deso l ation the oracl e d ec l ared cou l d
.
, ,

be stayed o n ly by the sacrifice of a beautifu l virgi n A .

 LA P I S —LA R A R I U M . 1 23

y ou n g m aide n w a s accordi n g l y chose n b y l o t a n d chai n ed ’

by the priests to a roc k n ear the shore a nd there was ,

devoured by the hideo us beast a n d peace prevai l ed for ,

a year The n the devastatio n bega n agai n a nd a n other

.
,

victi m was sacrificed A t l e n gth the l o t fe ll upo n

.

H esio ne the daughter of the k i n g

,
Lao m edo n at o n ce .

o ffered a great reward to a ny o n e who wou l d s lay the

m o n ster H ercul es successfu lly acco m p l ished the task
.
,

a n d agai n Lao m edo n vio l ated his pro m ise Later H e r .

cules with a n otab l e ba n d o f fo l lo w ers s tor m ed the city

, ,

s le w the kin g a n d a ll his so n s except P odarces who , ,

with H esione his sister was take n captive to Greece

, , .

L a p is The Ro m a n s swore by Jupiter Lapis , t he

oath sto ne .

La p it h te (la p 1 the )
- . D esce nda nts of La pit hu s . See
La p it hus .

La p it l l us ( l ap '-
i t hus ) Sti lbe a n d
. S on of A po ll o a nd ,

husban d of O rsin o m e P h o rb a s a n d P eriphas thei r

.
,

chi ldre n had a n u m erous o ffspri n g a n d these were called

, ,

Lapith ae The C e ntaurs a n d the Lapith ae were i nvited

.

to t he weddi ng feast o f P irit hous a nd H ippoda m ia . .

Struck with the u nusua l beauty o f the bride the C en ,

t a u rs atte m pted to kid n ap her b u t the Lapith ae ass isted , ,

by Theseus a nd H ercul es frustrated the atte m pt T his ,

.

co m bat has afforded a ferti le fiel d for the pai nter .

La r a A n y m ph wife of , Mercury , a nd m other

of the two Lares .

'
La r a r iu l n ( l a ra r i-u m )
- The particular parts of the .

house w here the statues of the Lares a nd Pe nates were

k ept .
1 24 LA R E S —LA TO N A .

La r e s Ro m a n divi nities o f a n i n ferior order

w ho presided over ho m es a n d fa m i l ies There were t w o .

c lasses the Lares a n d the P e n ates Every househol d

, .

was u n der the protectio n of o n e La r a n d severa l P e n ates .

Their statues were p laced withi n the doo rs o f houses or ,

n ear hearths La m ps were he l d in great revere n ce as

.

the s y m bo l o f vigi l a n ce a n d the d o g was their sacrifice

, .

La r k . S ee S c ylla , Nys a s , B ird s .

La r va e a n cie nts be l ieved that after death

The
the spirits o f the good beca m e ki n dl y Lares whi le the ,

spirits o evi doe rs becam e Le m ures o r Lar vae wicked

f l -
, ,

S pirits who wa n dered about the eart h tor m enti n g m a n

ki n d with a ll sorts o f i ll nesses The o nl y re m edy w a s .

t o sacrifice t o the gods Those who died without due .

expiatio n were pursued by Larvae in the n ether worl d .

L a t in s . The peopl e of Latin us .

L a t in l l s ( la K ing of Latium .

L a t iu m ( la ’
shi -u m) P rovi n ce of I tal y rul ed by Latinus .

'
La t o na ( l a -to
a ) o r Leto The goddess o f dark n ights
n .
,

a beautiful daughter o f C oeus a n d Phoebe beloved .

of Jupiter t o who m S he bore A poll o a n d D ia na .

Jun o stu ng with jea l ous rage ba n ished Lato na to

, ,

earth a n d threate ned pu nish m e nt t o a n y m ort al w ho

exte n ded pity o r he l p W eary a n d thirsty she a p .

pro a c h ed a poo l a n d wou l d have refreshed

,
herse l f but
so m e husba n dm e n so m eti m es called the Lycia n C l ow n s
, .

feari ng Jun o s ve n gea n ce bade her pass o n a n d to fur

’
, .

ther guard agai n st her dri n ki ng o f the wat er spra ng i nto

the Shal low depths a n d stirred up the m ud at the botto m .
1 26 LE N JE U S —LE U C O TH EA .

L e n ae u s ( l e A n am e of Bacchus .

L e r na The l ake n ear A rgos where H ercul es

co n quered the Lern aea n H ydra Also the na m e of a p l ace .

where N eptu ne resc ued a beautiful D an aid fro m the

attack of a S atyr a n d where he caused a pere nnia l spri ng
,

to flow in her honor .

'
L e sb o s ( l es bos ) A n is la n d in G reece , n oted as the hom e
of m a ny cel ebrated poets a n d m usicians .

Let h e river which separates the Elysian

A
F ie l ds fro m H ades Thousa n ds that dr an k o f its waters
.

at o n ce forgot a ll they ever did or kn e w while o n earth .

Let o S ee La t ona .

Let t er s . See C a d m u s , C a nnes .

L e u c ip p u s ( l n Father of Phoebe a nd Hilaeira ,

who were m arried to Ly n ceus a n d I das C asto r a n d .

P o ll ux bei ng i n vited t o t he weddi n g beca m e e n am ored

of the brides a nd atte m pted to carry the mo ff; I n the
fight that e nsued C as t or s lew Lyn ceus husba n d o f
, ,

P h oebe I das s l e w C astor a n d P o ll ux s l ew I das husba n d

, . ,

o f H ilaeira .P ol lux then i m p l ored Jupiter to restore his

brother C astor to life proposin g that they shoul d live
,

onl y o n a lte rn ate days a n d his re quest was gran ted

, .

Leu c o p h r y n e ( l n -c c —
fr i n e) U n der this titl e D ia n a
.

was worshiped in A sia M in or .

L e u e o sia ( co shi-a ) See S irens

ln- ’
. .

—
L e u c o t e a ( lu c c
h A n a m e app l ied to I n o after
the gods had tra nsform ed her i nto a sea -n y m ph See .
 LEV A N A — LI LI TH . 12 7

L e v a n a ( le The guardia n deity of ne w - born

chi ldre n .

Le v el See . D aed a lus .

Le w d n e s s . See C o t ytt o , Lenaea .

L ia k ura ( li a
- Mou n t P arnassus .

L ib e r Sa m e as B a c c hu s .

S eeKo r a
'-
L ib e r a ( 1ib e ra ) . .

'
L ib era l ia ( -
lib e a
r - li a )
-
. Festiva l s he l d in a ut um n in
ho n or of Bacchus .

L ib e r a l A r t s . See M inerva .

L ib er P a t er . Sam e as B a c c hus .

L ib e r t y. Ba c c hu s

L ib iss a ( li Queen of fays a nd fairies .

'
L ib it in a ( -
l ib i i n
- t a ) The pri ncipal fu neral deity a m o ng
the Ro m an s . Sa m e a s Luben t ina .

L ic e n t io u sn e s s . See Lewd ness , B elp hego r , B a a l-

p ea r .

L ic h a s S on of D ej a n eira who carried the fatal

robe to H ercu l es . See H er c ules .

L ig e a ( li A -
sea n y m p h o r sire n . Sa m e as I /lgeia .

Ligh t Sa m e as E t her
. .

L igh t n in g See Agni . .

L il it h A Jewish l ege n d says she w a s A da m s ’

first wife a n d was drive n fro m paradise for disobeyi n g

,

him .S he w a s regarded a s a S pecter a nd w a s the S pecial ,

dread of childre n .
12 8 LI MN AD S —LO F N A .

L im n a d s. N y m phs of l akes , swa m

m arshes ps , a nd .

They al lured a n d m is l ed b e lated t rave l ers by their m o ck

scream s for he lp .

L im n a ia ( lim D ian a as the special goddess of

m arshes .

' -
L im o n ia d s ( 1imo
- n i adz ) . N ym phs of m eadows a nd

flowers .

L in a . The goddess of weavin g .

L in d e n . See Tr ees , B a u cis .

L in d o r. A Shepherd l over ; a l ove-sic k swain . S ee

C o ryd o n .

L in u s teacher o f H erc ul es who for negl ect

A ,

o f duty atte m pted to pun ish h is pupi l H ercu l es resis t ed .

a n d s l ew his m aster .

L io n . S ee A t a la nt a , Chimaera ,
E c hid na ,
M a t er Tu rrit a .

L ip s . wi n ged A who fro m the southe a st w d go d ,

in -

wafted ho m e the S hips as they appro a ch ed the harbo r o f

P eir ae us .

L it t l e B ea r. S ee C a lis t o .

L iv e r . See Tit yus , P ro m et heus .

Lo c k s. See Ja nus .

L it re S weet
atured go ddess es who com fo rted a n d
-n

soothed tho se who m At e distres sed .

L iz a r d . See S t ellio .

L o ie n The N o rsego d who presides over frie ndship

’

. .

L o fn a . The N orse go ddess who reco n ci les l overs .

1 80 LY ZEU S — LYM N I AD E S

L ya bu s ( li One of the m any n a m es of Bacchu s .

L yc a o n ( li K i ng of Arcadia , a nd father of
C all isto . S ee Lyc a o nia n f oo d .

'
L yc a o n ia n F o o d ( to test
lik -a-o -n i-ah ) . Lycao n ,
J upiter s power of discern m e nt served
’
a dish of , up to him
hu m a n flesh The god discove red the trick a n d pu nished
.

the o ffe n der by turn i n g h im i n to a wol f The term is .

n o w app l ied to a ny n auseati n g or revo l ti n g food .

L yc ia ( l ish 1 -a ) . The l a n d
r uled by I oba t es w ho se nt
Be ll eropho n to S lay the C hi m aera .

'-
Lyc ia n C lo w n s ( lish i ah ) . See Lat o na .

L yc iu s (l ish 1 -u s ) A n a m e applied to A pol l o as the god

.

o f l ig ht Lycia was the ce n ter of this for m o f worship

. .

L yc o m e d e s ( lik K i n g o f S cyr os s o n o f
-o
,

A pol lo treacherous l y S l ays Theseus

.
H e affords she lter .

to Achi ll es who dressed as a girl is perm itted to grow

, ,

up with Lyco m edes

’
daughters .

Lyc u r g u s ( l i ce l ebrated S parta n la wgiver A .

A l so ki n g of Thrace who m Bacchu s drove m a d a n d , ,

caused him to kill his so n a n d afterward to destroy ,

hi m se l f in despair .

L yc u s ( 11kus ) The seco n d h u sba n d

. of An t iope . He
was sl ai n by A m phio n a n d Zethus .

L y d ia . K i n gdo m of Midas in A sia Mi n or .

'-
Lym n ia d e s ( l im -
m a dés ) . Sa m e as Lim na d s . See
 LY N C E U S —M A G I C IA N S 1 31

Lyn c e u s se ( l i
S o n of A phareus was o n e of the
n
’
-u s
) .
,
'
hu nters of the C a lydo nia n Boar a n d a lso o ne o f t he Ar ,

g o na u t s H e was
. n oted fo r h is power of sight A n other .

o f the S a m e n a m e so n o f J Egypt us a n d husba nd of

,

H yper m n estra who s ha red her husba n d s l ife preferri n g

,
’
,

t o be regar d ed as a weak wo m a n rather tha n to be a

m ur d eress She beca m e the m other of the A rgive l i n e
.

of ki ngs See D a na us
. .

K i ng of Scythia cha nged by

, C eres
i nto a ly n x .

L yn x . See Lync us .

Lyr a O rpheus l ute p laced as a conste llatio n in t he

’
.

heave ns .

Lyr e . favorite i nstru m e n t with the gods By it s

A .

wo n derful to n es A m phio n bui lt the wa l ls o f Thebes ,

Arion char m ed t he do l phi n s O rpheus beg ui l ed the m ost ,

savage beasts a n d eve n the H arpies a n d the gods of the

,

i nfer na l regio n s a n d H ercul es broke the head of Li nus

, ,

his teacher with the lyre he w a s l ear n i ng to play S ee

,
.

M ercur y .

Ma c ha o n ) or Ma c haeo n S o n of ZEsc u la pius

( a ka
m - ’
o n . .

Like his fat her he was a great phy sicia n H e hea l ed the .

foot o f P h iloctetes .

M a ea n d e r ( m e ri ver o f Asia Mi n or ce l ebrated A

for its m an y wi ndi n gs he n ce the term m ean deri n g ,
.
”

'
M ae n a d es ( e a dez )
m n - - . Sa m e as Maenads . P rie s t esses
of Bacchus .

M a gic ia n s . See Telchines .

1 32 MA GN A D EA —MA R S

M a gn a D ea . See C eres .

M a gp ie s . See Pierides .

M a ia ( m a - a
y ) . Mother of Merc ury, go dde ss of t he
p l ai ns , a nd a lso goddess of growth .

Mammon . The god of riches .

M a nes a m e give n by the a ncie nts to t he

A n

S pirits o f the dead The god O f fun erals a n d tom bs .

.

The Lares Pe nates a nd Ma nes S hared with V esta the

, ,

ho nor of bei ng i n vo k ed for spe cial blessm gs upo n the

fa m i ly hearth .

M a r in a ( m a -ri -na ) ’
a m e app l ied to V e nus m e a n
. A n ,

in g s ea -
foa m , because She w a s form ed fro m the froth of
the s ea . See Ap hr o d it e .

M a r p e ss a . D aughter
wife of I das She of Eve nus a nd .

a n d her husba n d e l ope d a n d were assisted by N eptun e , ,

who l oa n ed the m his c hariot but they were brought ,

to a sudde n ha lt by Apoll o who c lai m ed Marpessa s ’

ha n d A voice fro m a thun derbo l t dec lared that

.

Marpessa Shoul d exercise her choice a n d the lo t fe ll t o ,

I das .

M a r r ia ge See H ym en C a m a Juno Juga tinus F rigga

. , , . , ,

Pilum nu s , Unwia .

M a rs . of war S o n O f Jupiter a n d Juno H e w a s

Go d . .

origi nally god of the te m pest a n d hurrica n es Fro m this .

to god of the stor m O f battl e the tra n sition was easy .

H is favorite goddess was V e nus I n the Troja n war .

he Opposed the G reeks a n d was overco m e by D io m ede ,

H e fe l l says H o m er
,
”
with a crash like that Of t en ,

thousa nd warriors e ngaged in battl e H is so ns l ike .

,
1 34 M AXIM U S —M E D US A

M a xim u s . An appe llatio n Of Jupiter the greate st

, of

the gods .

M ea d o w s. S ee S im o nia d s , N ymp hs .

M e a sur e s . S ee JlI er c ur y .

M e c h a n it is ( m ek a h tis ) O n e o f the n um erous n am es’

- -i

app lied to Mi n er va S ig nifyi n g i nge n ious , .

”

M ed e a (m e D aughter
king Of C ol chis Of HEt es , ,

a n d n iece O f C irce S he was a ce l ebrated m agician a n d

.
,

having falle n in l ove with Jaso n s he by her witchcraft ,

m ade him proof agai n st fire a n d sword S ee Ja so n . .

M e d ic in e S ee Ap o llo , E sc ulap iu s , M a c ha o n P hysicia n

“

.
,

M ed it r ina , P o d a liriu s .

M e d it a t io n . S ee H a rp o c r a t es .

M e d it e r r a n e a n sea that divided the worl d

. The in
two accordi n g to the bel ief Of the a n cie nts
, .

M e d it r in a tri n a ) H ygeia preserved heal th

( m ed i
- - ’

Me d it rin a restored it S a m e as the G reek goddess Jaso

. .

A n a nn ual festiva l in her ho n or was ca lled M edi t ri n al ia .

M e d u sa ( m e The you ngest a n d m ost beautiful

o f the three daughters Of P horcys a n d C eto H er Sisters .

were regarded as i m m orta l but Medusa was m orta l ,

.

Fo r desecrati n g the te m p l e Of Mi n erva that goddess

cha n ged her beautiful hair i nto serpe n ts H er face b e .

ca m e S O hideous ly terribl e that a ll who looked upo n her

were cha nged i n to sto ne P erseus cut Off her head .
,

a n d p l aced it o n M in erva s shie l d which b eca m e at o n ce

’
,

a n Object Of terror to a ll who behe l d it S ee Go rgons . .

 M EG A R A —M EL EA GE R 1 35
'-
M e ga r a ( m eg a ) The first wife
ra O f H ercu
. l es whose ,

three chi l dre n he in a fit O f m ad ness burned t o death

, , .

A lso the na m e O f a cou n try Of which Pylu s w a s ki n g ,

with who m P a ndio n took refuge whe n drive n fro m

Attica by the so n s of Metio n .

M e g a ar a ( m e Tisipho n e ,
the ave nger of m urd er ;
Alecto the u nwearied persecutor ; a n d Meg aera the
, ,

gri m were the F uries the goddesses O f ve ngea n ce I n

, , .

early ti m es t heir nu m ber varied but it w a s afterward ,

fixed at three S ee F u r ies . .

—
M e g a l e ( m eg a l é ) A G reek n a m e O f Jun o
’
. .

M e l a m p u s (m e P roet us had three b eautifu l

daughters who scorn ed the worship Of Bacchus a n d ,

rid icu led the sa n ctity O f Jun o s S hri ne Fo r this they ’

.

were pu nished by a form Of i n sa n ity w hich drove the m

forth to wa nder as cows a m o n g the hi ll s a n d woo d s O f
A rgos a n d A rcadia Me l a m pus was aske d to work a
.

cure H e co n se n ted upo n co n ditio n t hat he S hould have

.
,

a third of the ki n gdo m H e was refuse d a n d the evi l . ,

grew worse O t her wo m e n aba n do n ed their husba nds

.
,

sl ew their chi l dre n a n d w a n dered about l owi n g l ike

,

k i n e Me la m pus w a s recal led a n d n o w d e m an ded a n

.
,

additio n a l third O f the ki ngdo m fo r his brother Bias .

P r oetus co n se n ted a n d the evi l was cured

,
The e l dest .

pri n cess died a n d the other t w o were give n in m arriage

,

to Me la m pus a n d Bias .

M e a g e r ( m e le
e l - S o n o f ( E n eu s ki n g Of C a l ydo n , ,

a n d A l thea his wife

, U po n reachi n g m a n hood Me l ea ger
.

took part in t he A rgo nautic ex peditio n but h is fa m e ,

rests c h iefly upo n his leadi n g the hu n t for the C a ly

d o nia n Boar .
1 36 M ELE T E —M EN ELA US
M e l e t e ( m e l e -te ) ’

. O ne Of the Muses who with her ,

S i sters Mne m e a nd A oed t e , are supposed to be daughters

’

of U ra nus .

M e l ia ( m e li-a ) f
. W ife Of I nachus , who sta n ds as the
head Of the A rgive l i n e of heroes .

M e l ia -n N ym p h s . The n ym phs who nursed Jupiter in

his i n fa ncy .

M e l ic e r t a ( m el -i See P a laem o n .

M e l ic e r t e s ( m el Y ou n gest so n Of Atha m as
a nd I no .

M e l o b o sis ( m e-l o b ’
O sis
-
) . A n O cea n id , n y m ph Of The
river that waters the m eadows .

M e l l o n a ( m el The goddess of bees .

'
M e lp o m e n e ( e ) D aughter m el - po m -n e . Of Jupiter a n d
Mn e m osy n e She preside d over tragedy
. . See M u ses .

M em no n Of Ethiopia
. K i ng
S o n o f Titho nus a n d .

A urora .H e ca m e with t en thousa n d m en to assist

P ria m in the Troja n war H e was S lai n by A chi lles . .

A statue was erected in his ho n or a n d fro m this statue ,

a pecul iar sou n d issued every m or ni ng at sun rise .

M e m o ry . S ee Mnem osyne M unin , .

M end es The Egyptia n Pa n . He was wor

shiped in the form O f a goat .

M en ela u s ( Sparta a nd brother

m en e l a u s
- -
) K i n g
. O f ,

o f A ga m e m n o n . H is wife H e le n
or H e le n a was the , ,

m ost beautiful wo ma n of her ti m e H er e l ope m e n t with .

Paris was the cause O f the Troja n war S ee H elena . .

1 38 M E R M A ID — M ID A S

their part a n d Mercury beca m e the protector of rascal s

,

a n d thieves .

M e r m a id . See N ereid es .

M er op e m —
( er o pé )
’
of ( E n o pi
.o n D aughter
a n d t he ,

pro m ised b ut lost bride of O rio n She m arried S isyphus .

,

s o n o f ZEO lu s a n d was cha nged i n to a co n ste l l ati o n

, .

S ee P leia d es .

M eru The H i n d o o O l y m pus ,

the abode O f the
god V ish n u . It is o n the t o p O f a m ountai n l eagues
hig h .

Me t g
a it n ia m —
( et a j t
- i n i-a) An Athe n ia n festiva l
’
. in
hon or o f Apoll o as t he god of harvest a n d p le nty .

Me t a l s . S ee V u lc a n , M u lc iber .

M e t a m o r p h o sis ( -
m et a m or
- fo
’
-
S is ) . See P r o t eus , Jup i
t er , P ygm a lio n .

M e t a n ir a ( m et -a W ife of Ge le m o , K i n g of Eleu
S is a n d m other Of Triptole m us .

'
M e t io n ( m e sh i-o h )
'

. See I ll ega r a .

M e t is D aughter
of O cea nus a n d Tethys The .

perso n ificatio n o f prude n ce By Rhea s cou n se l She .

’

gave C ro n us a n auseous potio n which obl iged him to

give up the chi l dren he had swa l lowed .

M id a s ki ng O f Phrygia
S on of G ordius a nd .

F o r his h ospital ity to S i le n us his highest wish w a s to

be gratified by Bacchus H e asked t hat ever y thi n g he
.

to u ched m ight be tur n ed into g o l d b u t whe n h is food .

beca m e m etal a n d he w a s in da nger Of starvi n g he

. .

beg ged the god to r evo k e t he f a vor Bacch us to ld him .

 M I D EA M I M IR 1 39

to bathe in the river Pacto lus a n d upo n co m p lyi n g he , ,

w a s at on ce restored to his for m er co n ditio n b ut the ,

sa n ds Of the river re m ai ned gol de n forever Midas .

was o n ce appoi nted judge in a m usica l co n test betwee n.

his favorite flut e p layer Pa n a n d A po llo Midas gave

-
,
.
.

t h e pr1z e to Pa n TO S how his supre m e co nte m pt for

.

such lo w m usica l taste Apol lo bestowed upo n him a pair o f

,

asses ears To hide his sha m e M i d as had his barber pre

’
.

pare him a wig to cover his ears a n d p l edged t he ba rber ,

to secrecy o n pai n Of death b u t bei n g u n ab le to keep t he

,

joke he dug a de ep ho le in a fie l d a n d sho uted the secret

,

i nto it Reeds soon gre w about the ho le a n d a s they

. ,

be nt in the wi n d t he y we re heard to m urm ur Midas “

,

K i ng M idas has asses ears S O that a l l w ho passed by

”
’

cou d hear The expressio n Midas eared is Ofte n used

l .
-

to de note i n discri m i nati n g o r ill advise d judgm e n t - .

M id e a ( m i A n o l d fort in M yce n ae where A r t e n s

a nd Thyestes ha vi n g s l ai n C hrysippus fou n d refuge
, ,
.

'
M il a n io n ( m i l a n i o n )
- - H usba n d Of A ta la n ta
. S am e .

as H ippom e nes .

M il o A n oted stro n g m a n O f C ro t On a I ta ly who , ,

S l e w a bu l l ock with his fi st a n d carried i t o n his shou l

,

der H e a l so ate it in o n e day W he n a n O l d m a n he

. .

atte m pted to pluck up a tree but the l im bs S plit apart ,

a n d caught h is ha n ds fast in the rift a n d wo l ves ca m e ,

a n d devoured him Mi l o is a l so the n am e Of a n is l a n d

.

where the statue O f V e nus was fo un d .

M ln
i a l l o n e s ( m i m a l O n ez )
- - W i l d wom e n who took
’

pa rt in the orgies Of Bacc hus S O na m ed because they .

put hor ns o n t heir heads a n d m i m icked his actio n s .

M im ir The S c a n d ina v 1a n god o f wisdo m .

 MI N D M I N O T AU R

M in d . S ee E r in nys .

M in e r v a ( m in Ro m a n Athe ne goddess O f The ,

wisdo m war a n d a ll the l ibera l arts S he spra n g full

, , .

ar m ed fro m the head of Jupiter a n d at o nce took her ,

place in the asse m b ly Of the gods H er co un se l was Of .

great service to Jupiter S he cou ld hurl his thu n d e r .

bo lts pro lo n g the l ives O f m orta l s a n d bestow t he gift

, ,

Of prophecy S he had m a n y n a m es of which A the ne

.
, ,

P a ll as Gl aucopis a n d Parthe n os were the m ost co m m on

.
, .

S he was ca ll ed Tri t o n ia because she was worshiped n ear

lake Trito n is ; H ippia because she taught m a n ki n d the ,

u s e O f the horse a n d S ais bei n g worshiped at S ais To , .

her is ascri bed the i nve ntio n Of n u m bers a n d the n u m ber ,

five is sacred to her S he presided over peace defe n sive .

,
-

war a nd n eedl ework thus co m bi ni n g the qualities O f a

, ,

god with those o f a goddess H er chief te m p l e was the .

Pa rt he n o n a t A the n s The city was n am ed in her ho n or

. .

Rui n s Of the te m pl e s t i ll re m a in The Elgin Marbles .

were Obtai n ed fro m the Parthe no n by Lord Elg in m a ny

years ago a n d pl aced in the British Museu m .

M in e r v a lia va l i )
m in e r F estivals hel d in Rom e
’
- - -a
( .

a nnua lly in ho n or O f Mi nerva .

M in e s . S ee Gn o m es .

M in o s Of Jupite ra n d Europa a nd ki ng O f
S on ,

C rete H is l aws were sti ll in force in the ti m e Of Pl ato

. .

A fter death he beca m e the suprem e judg eOf the S pirits

in H ades .

M in o t a o— ur ( i
tawr ) A m o nster ; hal f m a n half
m n
’
.
,

beast co nfi n ed in a fa m ous labyri n th See A ria d ne

, .
,

Theseus , D aed a lus .

14 2 M O N E TA —M OO N

se lf to death in conseque n ce H e is a lso called t he god .

o f m ockery a n d b l a m e .

M o n et a (m o A na m e appl ied to Ju n o as the go d

dess Of m o n ey .

M o n e y S ee Mo net a M a mm o n Wea lt h
.
, ,
.

M o n st e r s . S ee C en t a urs , C ent im a n i, C ha rybd is , D r a go n ,

Geryo n , Go rgo ns , Gr aeae, H a rp ies , H ipp o c a mp us , H yd ra ,
I ll ino t a u r , C a n nes , P a r t henop e P o lyp hem u s , S c ylla , ,

S leip n er , Typ ho n .

M o n t h s Ja nuary was na m ed in hon or of Ja nu s t he Rom a n

. ,

go d o f a l l
’

gates locks etc Ja nuary

b e gin n in gs , a nd o f , . .

'
o pen s t he gateway of the year February w a s n a m ed .

in ho n or o f Feb ru u s a Ro m a n deity in whose ho n or ,

l ustratio ns o r cere m o nial pu rific a t io n s were perfor m ed

'

duri ng this period of the year March was na m ed in .

ho n or of Mars a n d accordin g to the Ro m a n ca le n dar

, ,

was the first m onth O f the year A pri l fro m the Latin .
,

A pri lis fro m ap er io ope n

,
H e n ce the ope ni n g period , .
,

of the year Ma y was n a m ed in ho nor o f Maia god

.
,

dess o f gr owth Ju n e is fro m the Ro m a n n a m e .

Ju n ius July was so n a m ed in ho n or Of Ju lius C aesar

. .

A ugust was n a m ed by the Rom an e m pero r A u gu st u s

'

C aesar in his o w n ho n or
, S epte m ber O ctober N ove m .
, ,

ber a nd D ece m ber fro m the Lati n n u m era l s s ep t em

, ,

m ea n i n g seve n o c t o m ea n i n g eight n o vem m ean i n g

, ,

n in e a nd
, d ec em m ean i n g t en were the seve nth , ,

eighth n i nth a n d te nth m o nths of the Ro m a n cal e n dar

, ,

respective ly .

Moon By the a n cie n ts the m oo n was call ed H ecate b e

.

fore risi ng a n d after setti ng Astarte w he n appeari ng a s

a cresc ent a n d D ia na whe n fu ll S ee Lu na
,
. .
 M OR PHE —
U S M U S EI A 143

M o rph e u s ( m o r fe
’
-u s ) . W hi l e Som nus
the go d o f is
s leep Morpheus is the god o f drea m s Morpheus was
, .

assisted by I ce l us in shapi n g drea m s that had a ll the

appeara nce o f rea lity by P ho b e t e r in fashio ni n g those
that w ere fi lled with dread a n d a lar m a n d by Pha n tasus
in fra m i n g those that were stra n ge fa n ciful deceptive , , ,

a n d u n rea l O n eiru s was a perso n ificatio n o f dream s o f

.

whatever sort These drea m s were kept in a sp le n d id

.

palace o f the W ester n O cean us Those o f a prophetic .

character issued from the H orn Gate ; t hose o f a light ,

fa ncifu l or u n rea l character fro m the I vory Gate

, .

M o rs . Go d death a n d so n o f N o x o r N yx ( N ight
of , .

H e was twi brother o f So m n us ( S l eep ) By so m e he

n - .

was regarded as the so n o f Earth a n d Tartarus S o m e .

authorities regard Tha na t a s a n d M ors a s ide ntical others ,

regard the for m er as a m ore be nig n a nt deity a n d death ,

as but the tra n sitio n fro m l ife to Elysium .

M o s yc h l o s ( m o The m ou ntai n in Le m n os upo n

which V u lca n fe ll fro m heave n .

M o u n t a in . S ee A t la s , N ymp h, Olymp u s , H elicon .

M u l c ib er ( m nlber ) or Mulc ifer Sa m e as V ulca n

si
’
- .
,

the s m e lter o f meta ls .

M u n in The N orse go d Of m e m ory .

M u sa g e t e s ( m u -saj e -t e z ) A n
’
a m e give n
. to A po ll o as
l eader of the choir o f the Muses .

'
M sc a
u r iu s ( m u s -ca ri -
u s ) A n a m e app l ied to Jupiter
.

because he kept the flies fro m the sacrifices .

M u s c ia ( m u C o n tests associa t ed with the w o r

ship o f the Muses ce lebrated in a grove o n Mou nt
H e lico n .
1 44 M U S ES — N AP ZEZE

M u se s or Mu sae G oddesses who presided over poetry

.
,

m usic da n ci n g a n d a ll t he l ibera l arts They were ‘

, , .

daughters Of Jupiter a n d Mn e m osy n e n i n e in num ber , ,

a n d w ere bor n at P iesia They were ofte n ca lled P ierides.

,

a n d were regarded as ny m phs o f t he S pri ngs whose

waters flowed ge n t ly do wn the sides of Mou nt H e lico n
a n d P ar nassus S ee S app ho . .

M u sic . S ee Ap o llo , P a n , M id a s hf uses Eu t erp e , , ,

F lu t e,
Lyra Lyr e,
.

'
M yr m id ) The
o ns ( so
m elrdie
m rs o f A chi l l-es
i d u nz .

who were l e d by Patrocl us H e n ce in m ode rn ti m es .

, ,

a n y rough character who executes the co m m a n ds o f his

l eader or m aster without questio n o r scrup le .

M yr r h a The bei ng who m V e nus tra n sfor m ed

i n to a m yr t l e tree .

M yr t il u s ( m er charioteer o f ( En o m a u s w ho The ,

was bribed by H ippoda m ia to take a spoke out o f the .

'
whee l o f his m aster s chariot in o rder that Pelops m ight
w in the race a n d secure the ha n d Of H ippoda m ia his ,

m aster s daughter
’
.

M yr t l e . S e e A t t is , M yr rha .

M yt h r a s. The Egyptia n A po l l o .

N a ia d s y m phs in hu m a n form Beautiful n

who pre s ided over spri ngs fou ntai ns a nd we lls , ,

.

Na nd i . The H i n doo goddess of joy .

N a p ae ae ( na N y m phs Of the valleys who l oo k ed

after the flocks .
 N A U S IC A A —N EM E S I S

e n riched him se l f fro m their car goes By a strange .

fata lity he perished in the sa m e way H is m other .

,

Am y m o n e was a beautiful D a n aid who m N eptun e

‘

sa ved fro m the attac k o f a S atyr N aupl ius had three .

son s Pal am edes n oted for his i nve n tive ge nius ; Oia x
, , ,

the S teers m a n a d N a u s m e d o n the ship captai n

n i -
, .

'
N a u sic a a ( na u- S ik a a
-
) . D aughter of A l ci n ous a nd

A rete . S tro l l i n g
a lon g the c oast o n e d a y s he discovered ,

U lysses who wearied wi t h the exer t io n O f swi m m i n g

,

fro m the raft which N eptune in his a n ger ha d des t royed ,

had just reached the shore S he co n ducted h im t o her .

father the ki n g w ho ki n d ly se n t h im t o his ho m e in

,

I thaca .

N a xo s An isl an d visited by Theseus a nd

Bacchus .

Nect a A beverage
r .
~ of the gods poured , o ut by H ebe
a n d Ga ny m ede .

Needl ew o r k . S ee A r a c hne M iner va ,

.

N e l e u s ( ne father o f N estor
S on of N eptu n e , , a nd

brother o f P e leus who se n t out the A rgon auts .

Ne m ea ( n
'
e m e -a ) A forest in Greece devastated by the
.

N e m ea n Lio n which H ercu l es s l e w S ee H erc ules . .

N em ea n G a m es . See Ga m es .

N em e s ia ( ne m
- e shi ) S pecia l festivals he l d a nnually
’
-a .

in A the n s a nd in S m yr n a to co n ci l iate N e m esis .

N e m e s is ( n e m e i ) Goddess o f ve n gea n ce daughter

’
-s s
.
,

o f N o x, a n d by so m e s he is regarded as o n e o f the
P arc ae . S he co nsta n t ly sought fo r a n d pu n ished cri m e
 ‘

N E O P TO LEM U S — N EP T U N E 1 47

with great severity She w a s a lso regarded as the .

goddess of justice By so m e writers she is referred to .

u n der the n a m es of A d ra st ia a n d R ha m n u sia The , .

Ro m a ns to sig n ify that they never took up arm s except

,

in the cause of j ustice a l w ays sacrificed to N e m esis before

goi n g to war S he is of t e n pictured with a whee l to
.
,

de note the swift ness o f her pu n ish m e nt a lso with a ,

yoke a brid le a lash a n d a s w ord See P aena

, , ,
. .

Neo p t o lem us ( tol e m us ) S o n o f A chi lles

’
-
ne op- - . a nd

s layer of Pria m . Som eti m es called Pyrrhus .

'
N e p h a l ia ( n e - fa l i -a ) . G recia n festivals in ho nor of
Mne m os yn e .

N eph el e ( n e f e —
l e )
’
. W ife of Atha m as , a nd m other of
Phryxu s a n d H e l le .

N ep t un e of the O ly m pia n gods so n of Satur n a nd

. O ne ,

O ps a n d brother to Jupiter a n d P luto

,
H e w a s sw a l .

l owed by his father a t his birth but was restored agai n ,

a n d shared with his bro t hers the e m pire o f Satur n ,

receivi n g as his portio n the ki ngdo m o f the sea Bei n g .

dissatisfied with his share he con spired with Pluto t o ,

dethro ne Jupiter who ha d take n for his portio n the e m ,

pire o f heave n a n d earth The co n spiracy was d is c o v .

ered a n d Jupiter co n de m n ed N eptu n e to bui l d the wa lls

,

of Troy I n this he w a s assisted by Apo llo I n his d is

. .

putes with the gods a nd go d d e sses he was freque n t ly de /

feated a n d in reve n ge he woul d cause the rivers to over

,

flow their ba n ks the sea to i n un date the l a n d o r huge

, ,

m o n sters o f the deep to devastate the cou ntry N eptu n e .

m arried A m phitrite w ho bore him a so n n a m ed Tri t o n , .

H e was a l so father o f P o lyphe m us Pho rc us a n d Proteus , , .

1 48 NE R E ID E S —N E S S U S

Although he w a s god of t he sea he is reputed to have ,

presided over horse ra ci n g a n d the trai ni ng of horses

-
.

The doub le fu nctio n was portrayed in the s ea -horses

which drew his chariot these a n i m a ls co m bi n i n g the ,

head a n d body of a horse a nd the tai l of a do lphi n .

Ships were al so un der his p rotectio n At his prese n ce .

the ocea n a l ways beca m e ca l m H is scepter w a s a .

tride n t See C o nsue lia

. .

N e r e id ( es y m
-rphs
~
ne e 1 d é zdaughters of
) . S ea n
-
,

N ereus a n d D oris M ost authorities m ake their n u m ber

.

fifty but so m e sa y there were a hu n dred They are

, .

represe nted as youn g a n d beautiful m aide n s ridin g o n the

backs of dolphins a n d ar m ed with tride n ts They a t .

te n ded con sta nt ly upo n N eptun e The poets represent .

the m as livi ng in a beautifu l cave at the bottom of the

s ea ,
n o w p l ayi ng in the war m su n shi n e o n the shore ,

n o w dryi n g their wet tresses o n the ba n ks o f the rivers .

These divi nities doubt l es s suggested the m odern m er

m aid .

N er e u s (n e re -us) S o n of Po n tus a n d G aea a n d husba n d

’
. ,

o f D oris H e w a s a s ea god subject to N eptu ne but pre

-
. ,

sided over the m il der aspects o f the sea H e had the .

gift of prophecy foretol d fates a n d had the po w er to

, ,

assum e various for m s a n d thus escaped t he i m portu n i

,

ties o f those wishi n g to co n sult him .

N e sae e ( n e the N ereides w ho perso nified

O ne of

the mad rush o f the waves o n the shores a n d is la n ds .

N e s su s . The C e n taur
s l ai n by H ercul es for i nsulti ng
D eia n ira N essus b l ood -
. stai ned robe caused H ercules
’ ’

death See H erc ules

. .
 N IO BE— N O T HS

N io b e ( n o be) D aughter
the Lydian of Ta n talus ,
’
i - .

ki ng S he is the perso n ificatio n of grief S he m arried

. .

A m phio n a n d accordi ng to H esiod they had t e n so ns

, , ,

a n d t en daughters so m e authorities sa y seve n son s a n d

seve n daughters a ll exceedi n gly beautiful Lato na
, .
,

m other o f A poll o a n d D ian a boasted that n o chi l dren ,

were equa l to hers in beauty i n te ll ige n c e a n d power , .

N iobe tau n ted Lato n a for havi ng but two whi le sh e ,

coul d boast of a l arge n u m ber equa lly beautiful O f , .

fe n ded at this Lato na co m m a n ded A po ll o to destroy

,

a ll o f N io b e s so n s a n d before her grief had subsided

’
, , ,

D ia n a was co m m an ded by her m other to destroy a ll o f

N i c he s daughters The gods touched with pity turn ed
’
.
, ,

N iobe i n to a statue o f sto n e So in te n se was her grief .

that duri g the su

n m m er ti m e tears sti ll flowed d ow n her
-

m arb l e cheeks .

N is u s The youth who acco m pan ied Euryal us

to su m m on ZEneas back t o ca m p .

No m a n A n a m e assu m ed by U lysses to m is
l ead P ol yphe m us .

N o m iu s ( n o m i a surn a m e give n to A l awgiver

’
-u s
) .
;
the divi n ities tha t protect pastures a n d shepherds The .

n a m e is s o m eti m es app l ied to A po l l o as patro n god o f

herds m e n a n d t o Mercury fo r the share he ha d in the
,

m aki n g o f b e n efic en t l aws .

No r n s. Three S ca n di n avia n goddesses who wove the

woof of hu m an dest in y .

No t us The S outh W ind of [Eol us a nd Aurora

‘

.
, so n .

Sa m e as A uster .
 N OX —
N YM P H S 1 51

No x . D aughter
of C haos a n d wife of Erebus She per .

s o n ified n ight a n d was the m other o f N e m esis a n d the

,
_

Fates a n d accordi n g to so m e o f the P arc ae H esperides

, , , .
,

D rea m s a n d D eath ,
S a m e a s N yx . .

N l l n d in a ( The goddess who took charge

-
nu n d i n a )
’
o f .

—
chi l dre n whe n they were n i n e days o l d the day upo n
which the Ro m a n chi l dre n were n a m ed .

N u p t ia l is ( nup shi a m e o f Ju n o a s t he god

- A n

dess of m arriage W he n the victi m w a s sacrificed at

.

the weddi n g feast t he ga ll was take n o u t a n d cast b e

-
,

hin d the a ltar sign ifyi n g that n o ga ll o r bitter ness or

, , ,

a n ger shou l d arise betwee n the w edded pair .

N u r ie l The H ebrew god o f hai lstorm s

. .

N u r se See C yno sur a A lm ut heu Nysoe Op helt es

. , , , .

'
N yc t e l iu s ( n ik te li u s )
- - A n a m e o f Bacchus beca use .
,

his festival s were usua lly ce l ebra ted by torch l ight

’

N yc t e u s ( nik t e u s ) A ntiope m other o f the Th eba n

’
- .
,

brothers was the daughter o f the ri ver god A sopus

,
-
.

A ccordi n g to other traditio n s she was the daughter of ,

Thebe a n d N yc t eu s The n a m e sig n ifies the dark a n d .

"
stor m y .

N ym p h s or N y m ph ae A ge nera l n a m e for a c lass of .

fe m a le deities who were atte n d a n ts upo n the gods a n d

goddesses These occupied a m idd le p lace bet w ee n gods
.

a n d m en Sa n ctuaries called N ym ph aea were erect ed

.
,

in their specia l ho n or a n d sacrifices o f goats l a m bs , , ,

m i l k a n d o il were prese nted

, W i n e was forbidde n
, . .

There were two ge nera l c l asses la n d ny m phs a n d water

n y m phs The D rya d s o r H a m adryads or A l se id s were
.
, . ,

n m hs of wood s a nd trees The i nhabited rove

y p y g s .
,
1 52 NYS E —O A N N E S

ravin es a n d wooded va lleys a n d so m eti m es appeared as

, ,

rustic shepherde sse s or hu n tresses The O reads were .

m ou n tai n n y m phs a n d ofte n took specia l n a m es fro m

,

the particul ar m oun tains they i n habited The Lim o nia d s .

were n ym p hs o f m eadows a n d flowers The N ap aeae o r .

,

A u lo n ia d s were n y m phs o f the m ou ntai n va l es in which

,

herds grazed .

The O cea n ids daughters o f O cean us were ny m phs of

, ,

fou ntai n s a n d s t rea m s They took i n dividual n a m es a o .

cordi ng to the specia l characteristic o f the fou ntai n or

strea m which they represe nted The P o t a m id s were .

river n y m phs The Lim n a d s were n y m phs of lakes

.
,

m arshes a n d swa m ps The N ereids N aiads P leia d s A t

.
, . ,

l a n t id s a n d H yads o r D o d o m id s had t heir pec ul iar offices

, , .

S o m e were specia l atte n da n ts upo n the god s a n d a s ,

sisted the m in their duties .

N ys a a A nam e appl ied t o t he nym ph w ho nursed

Bacchus . Sa m e as N ysia d es .

N ys m u s ( n A a m e o f Bacchus because
n ,
he was
worshiped at N ysa , a tow n of Ethiopia .

N ys u s K ing
of Megara H e ha d a char m ed .

l o o k of hair which re n dered h im i n visibl e H is daughter .

S cy l l a cut off this l o o k a n d thus betrayed him to his

e ne m ies She was cha nged i n to a lark a n d her father
. ,

i n to a hawk a nd he sti ll pursues her to pu n ish her fo r

,

her trea chery .

Tr ees , E r yszc ht ho n
’

O a k . S e e B a u c is . .

O a ll n e s ( o A Baby l o ni s h go d ha lf m a n hal f , .

fish . D uri ng the d a y he w a s e m plo yed in t eachi ng m en

1 54 o nr s s nu s ( EN O M AU S
-

k i ngs H is son s were Thor

. a nd Bal der . The W o din of
the early G er m a n tribes .

'
O d ys s e u s ( o dis se -
- us ) . H ero of the Od yssey . S am e as

U lysses , which s ee .

O d yss e y( od i ) E pic poe m of ’

-s
y . H o m er re lati ng the
adve ntures of U lysses .

( B a gr a ( sgrus ) K i n g’
of
e a -Thrace a n d so m e sa y .
, ,

father of O rpheus Most authorities m ake O rpheus the .

so n o f A po ll o .

'

( E d ip u s ( ed i -pus ) J o c a st e ki n g a n d Laius a nd
’

S on . of ,

Quee n of Thebes La ius was to l d by the oracl e that he

.

woul d perish by the ha n d of his s o n To preve nt the ful .

film ent of this prophecy ( Ed ipus was aba ndo n e d t o per ,

ish upo n a m ountai n but the i n fa n t was fou n d by the .

shepherds of P o lybus whose wife P eriboea te nderl y , , ,

cared for him a n d educated him as her o w n chi l d A fter .

h e reached m a n hood he accide n ta l l y m et his fat her a n d , ,

bei n g a n gered by o n e o f the ki n g s hera l ds h e s lew ’

Laius toget her with his foll owers

,
S ee La iu s Jo c a s t a .
, ,

Sp hinx .

( E n e us -
(e e a s )
’
n . Father of Me leager a nd D ej a neira ,
a nd husba n d of A l th aea .

( E no m a us ( o m ) S o n o f
-
e n M ars a n d ki n g of ’
a us
- . ,

El is a n d father of H ippoda m ia
,
H e was to l d by the .

oracl e that he woul d be s l ai n by his so n i h la w H is

- -
.

daughter bei n g possessed o f u n usual bea uty ha d m a ny

, ,

suitors H er fat her dec lared that she shou ld beco m e the
.

bride o f the m a n who wou l d defeat him in a c hariot ra ce ,

a n d th a t a l l who fai led shou l d be s lai n A fter m a ny had .

 ( EN O N E —O I AX 1 55

bee n defeated P elops so n o f Ta n ta lus e ntered the lis t s

, , , ,

a n d by l arge bribes 1 n d u c e d the ki n g s serva n t to pro

’
,

vi d e the ki n g with a dam aged chariot P e l ops w o n the .

race m arried H ippoda m ia a nd becam e kin g of P isa l n

, , ,

Elis .

(E no ne ( e A ym ph of Mount
n I da . She ha d
the gift of prophecy . Paris m arried her , a nd after w ard
d eserted her for H e l e n
'
( E n o p io n ( ) -
e n o pi
father of
-o n . K i ng of C hios , a nd

Merope O rio n w a s pro m ised Merope in m arriage o n

.
,

co n ditio n that he w o n her by the perform a nc e of so m e

heroic deed Bei n g a fick l e youth he was un wi ll i n g to
.
,

abide by ( Eno pio n s wishes but sought to abduct his ’

,

daughter Fo r this he was pu n ished n o t o nly by the l oss

.

of his bride but a l so of his sight By the aid of o n e of

, .

the C yc l ops who l e d him to the S u n his sight was agai n ,

restored Bei n g fo n d of hu n ti n g he m e t D ia na in the

.
,

forest a nd a war m affectio n soo n spra ng up betwee n

,

the m Apol l o viewed their attach m e nt w it h d isfavor

.
,

a nd ,
by deception l ed D ia n a i n noce n tly to s lay O rio n
, .

W he n she discovered what she had do n e s he vowed ,

never to forge t him a n d p l aced him an d his faithfu l ,

d o g S irius a s co n ste l latio n s in the sky .

(E ta A m ou n tai n on who se su m m i t H ercu l es

bui lt his fu n era l pyre . See H er c u les .

O gyg ia ( jij i a ) o - The is l an d in the Mediterra nean o n

’
-
.

which U lysses was ship w recked a n d where C a lypso de ,

t a in ed him seve n years .

O ia x . See N a up lius .
1 56 OI CLES —O MOPHAGIA
O ic l e s (o 1 c l ez
-
) . F ather
of Am phiaraus . He too k part
in the first war agai n st Troy .

O il . S ee A ris t ceu s .

'
O il e u s ( -
o il e-u s ) . See Aj a x .

O in t m ent . See P ha o n .

'
O lenus ( o l - u l ca n who m arried La t haea
e n us ) . S on of V .

F o r thi n ki n g herse l f m ore beautifu l tha n the goddesses ,

La t haea a nd her husba n d were tur n ed in to sto n e statues .

O l iv e s . See A r ist aeu s .

'
m
O l y p ia ( o l i m
- p a)
i- . A ci ty in El is , ce lebrated for it s
tem p le a nd gam es .

'
O l ym p ia d s ( li m pi -adz ) P eriods
o-
. of five years the
,

ti m e betwee n the O ly m pia n G a m es . S o m e authorities

sa y four years .

O l ym p ia n G a m es . See Ga m es .

'
O l ym p iu s ( im p ) A n a
ol
-m e of Jupiter fro m O l y m -
i us .
,

pia where the god had a spl en did te m pl e which was o ne

, ,

o f the S eve n W o n ders of the W orl d .

O l ym p u s ( 6 Thessa ly whose A m ou ntai n in

t o p touched the h eave n s H ere the gods resi d e d a n d .
,

he re Jupiter he l d his court There were s m a ller m oun .

tai n s o f the sam e n am e .

O ly ar s ( o -l i-ras ) A river n ear Ther m opy l

. ae I t is said .

this river was m oved to exti nguis h the flam es o f H e r

cul es fu n era l pyre
’
.

O m o p h a g ia ( c m fa ji-o -
’
-a
) . A feast of Bacchus at which
raw m eats were served .
158 —
OR A C LE S OR P H AN S

O ra c les o
( a
r
’
See Them is ,
sa nd r a ,
N ereu s , D eip ho be, P ro t eus , Tr op ho nius , Orio n .

O r ma ( o Sacrifices offered to the goddesses o f t he

seaso ns in order to secure fair weather for the ripe n in g
fruits .

O rb o na ( or Ro m a n goddesses of chil dre n espe ,

c ia ll y o f orpha ns .

O rc ha r d s. See F er o nia , P o m o na ,
V ert u m nu s .

O rea d es o -
( re a ’
- d ez ) . Atte nda n ts o n D ia n a . S ee Nymp hs .

O r e s t es (o See P yla d es , C lyt emnes t r a .

O r g ie s ( -
o r 31 z
’

) The
. riotous feast s of Bacchus , hence
a ny drun ke n reve l .

O r io n ( o A ha n dso m e hu nter but lacki n g in ,

dari ng H e was . m ade b li n d by Ofln o pio n restored by .

the aid of the orac le be loved , , a nd afterwards s l ai n by

'
D ia na S ee ( E nop idn
. .

O r it h yia ( -
or i D aughter of E re c t h e u s . Boreas ,
who loved her carried her o ff t o his regio n s of s n ow a n d
,

ice where he m ade her his wife S he beca m e the m other

,
.

of Zetes a n d C al ais who t o o k pa rt in the Argo n autic ex ,

pe d it io n a n d drove away
, the H arpi es S h e a l so had .

two daughters C leopat ra a n d C hio n e See Ja so n ,

.
,

Go ld en F leece .

O r m u z d ( o r m fiz d ) Th e P ersia n creator of a ll thi ngs

’
.

O ro s The Egyptia n Apo ll o .

O rp h a n s . See O rbo na , C hild ren .

 O R P H EU S — O TU S 15 9

O rp h e u s ( or fe ) S o n o f
’
A po ll
-u s o a n d
. C a l l iope H e .

p layed o n the l ute in such a m ast erly way that the

'

rivers cea sed to flo w a n d the wi l d beasts bec a m e ta m e .

Eurydice his wife d ied fro m the bi t e o f a serpe n t

, , P luto .

w a s so m oved by O rpheus grief a n d s o e n raptured with

’

his m usic that he suffe red him to bri n g Eury d ice o u t of

H ades o n co n ditio n t hat he m ust n o t l ook a t her u nti l he
ha d passed out of the dark porta l O rpheus agree d but .
,

upo n n eari n g the exi t he forgot his pro m ise a n d Eury

, ,

dice i m m ediate ly va nis hed H e afterward exc luded .

hi m se l f fro m the society o f m a nki nd The Thracia n .

wo m e n in the m idst o f their Bacc ha n alia n reve ls took

, ,
'
offe nse at his col d ness a n d tore him to pieces t liro w ing
, ,

his head i nto t he H eb ru s H is lute floated dow n the .

river to the sea a n d was carried to the isl an d o f Lesbos

, .

which beca m e cele brated for its poets a n d m usicia ns .

S ee S t rym o n .

O h o p h o r ia ( os -c o -fo ri -a ) A festiva l to Bacchus i n sti

’
sc .
,

t u t e d by Theseus at A the n s .

O sir is ( o The Egyptia n go d of the su n H e was.

worshiped u nd er the fo r m o f a sacred bu ll call ed A pis .

O ssa . A m ou ntai n in Thessa l y

o n ce the residen ce o f the ,

C e ntaurs These gia nts pi l ed O ssa o n the top of Mou n t

.

Pe l io n to e n ab le the m to reach heave n a n d attack the

,

go d s .

O t h r ys The m ou ntai n occupied by the Titan s

in their w a r with the gods w ho were i ntre n ched o n
O ly m pus .

O t us A gia nt so n of N eptu ne , slai n by Apo ll o

a nd D ia n a .
160 OW L—P ALLA D I U M
"

O wl . See E sc ulap ius , I t ys , P o lyp ho nic , A sca lap hus .

Ox . S ee Ap is .

P a c t o lus ( pac
ce lebrated river in Lydia in A
which Midas washed to re m ove the curse of havi ng
e verythi n g tur n to go l d that he touched S ee M id a s . .

F ma n surn a m e o f A Apol lo fro m pec a n a

, ,

hy m n or so n g which was sung in his ho n or for havi ng

s l ai n the Pytho n .

P a l aem o n ( pa his m other I n o Me l icertes a nd , ,

were throw n by his father A tha m as i n to the s ea a n d , , ,

were drown ed A ccor d i ng to others s he cast herse l f

.
,

i nto the sea U nder the n am e o f Leuco t hea she beca m e

.
,

a m ari n e deity a n d was worshiped as the protector o f

,

trave l ers by sea The so n u n der the n a m e o f Pa lae m o n

.
, ,

was worshiped as the go d o f harbors .

P a la m ed es (pa l -a the ship S on of N aup l ius ,

wrecker H e was se n t to su m m on U lysses to t he war
.

agai n st Troy H e is credited with the i n ve n tio n of the

.

ga m es of dice backga m m o n a n d other ga m es

, , .

P a les Goddess
of shepherds a n d protectress of
flocks . H er festiva l s were cal led Pali lia .

P a l in u r u s ( pa l -i ZEnea s
’
s pi lot who was l ost at
s ea o ff C ape Mis e n u m .

'
P a l l a d iu m di -u m ) A noted statue o f Mi nerva
(pa l -l a . .

V arious accou n ts are give n o f its orig i n S o m e sa y it .

fe ll fro m heave n n ear the te n t o f I lu s as he was bui ldi ng

the citade l o f I liu m ; others that it fe ll in Phrygia ;
16 2 PAN A TH EN E A — P AN D OR A

wood H e o n ce pursued the beautifu l S yri n x who

.
, ,

fr ighte ned a t his a ppeara n ce precipitate ly fled Jus t a s , .

s he w a s overtake n she breathed a prayer to Gsea fo r

,

protection a nd w a s i n stan t ly chan ged i n t o a c l um p o f

,

reeds which the pa n ti ng l over e m braced thi n ki ng he

, ,

ha d caught the m aide n H e breathed a pro lo n ged sigh

.

o f d isappo in t m e n t which passi n g through the reeds

, , ,

produced sweet p lai ntive to n es H e i m m ediate ly took .

sev en pieces o f the reeds a n d for m ed the m i nto a m us i

c a l i n stru m e n t which i h ho n or o f his l ost l ove w a s
, , ,

ca l led a S y ri n x H e o n ce cha lle n ged Apo l l o t o a m usi

.
_

c a l co n test a n d w o n the prize Midas bei n g the judge

.
,
.

( S e e M id a s ) U n
. der the n a m e o f H yl aeus h e was w o r

s hipe d as a forest god By the Ro m a n s he w a s som eti m es

.

ca lled I nn uu s because he taught the m ho w to breed

,

catt le ; a n d so m eti m es Lupercus because he i n structed ,

the m to em p loy dogs to protect their herds fro m the

wolves .

P a n a t h e n ae a ( pa nath e
- A n u n usua l festi va l he l d
at A then s in hon or of Mi n erva .

P a nd a reu s (p da re an - ’
-u s
) . H is daughters were carried
o ff by the H arpies .

P a nd io n ( pa n of E r ec t h e u s ki Father
n g o f ,

A ttica . W ith the l atter the dy n asty o f the C ec ro p li n e

ca m e to a n en d a n d p a ssed over to I o n a n cesto r o f the
, ,

I o n ia n race Pa n dio n s daughters were P roc n e a n d

’
.

P hi l o m e l a .

P a nd o ra ( pa n ear l iest H esiod , o ne of t he

writers dec lares that she was the first m orta l wom a n
,
.

V u l ca n m ade her o f c lay a n d gave her l ife V e nus gave

 PAN I SCI ——PAN O PE m
1 68

her beauty ; the Grac es bestowed upo n her their o w n

arts o f captivati ng ; Apo ll o i n structed her in m usic ;
a n d Mercury taught he r e l oqu e n ce S he m arried Epim e .

theus b rother to Pro m etheus Ju piter havin g pun ished

, .

P ro m etheus for best- o w i n g upo n m a n the fire o f the im

m orta ls n o w proposed t o ave nge hi m se l f upo n m a n for
,
”

receivi n g the gift A c c ordi ng ly he se nt his serva n t

.

Mercury with a curious b o x which he at o n ce took to

, ,

the ho m e of Epnn e t he us a n d begged to leave it with ,

h im for a Shor t ti m e P a n dora curious to k n ow w hat

.
,

the box co ntai ned took adva ntage of her husba n d s

,
’

abse n ce u n did the faste n i ngs a n d raised the lid whe n

, ,

out flew a ll the diseases v ices crim es a n d sorrows that

, , ,

have si nce a fflicted m a n ki n d U po n this Epi m etheus .

,

reproach e d his lovi n g spouse for her i n discretio n a nd ,

the first fa m i l y quarre l e nsued I n the m idst o f his .

reproof a fai n t whisper was heard co m i ng fro m the box .

Epi m etheus co m m a n ded his wife t o agai n raise the lid ,

sayi n g that she had a l ready e ntai led so grea t m isery

upon the ra c e that it was n o t possib l e to add thereto ,

a n d t hat probab l y J upiter had put so m e good spiri t i n to

the botto m o f the bo x U po n li fti ng the lid a seco n d

.

ti m e o ut fluttered Hope on s n o w y pi nio ns who i m m e

, , ,

d ia t ely set about re l iev m g the tor m e n t a n d sorrow

a l ready caused by the other occupa n ts of the b o x Thus .
,

accordi ng to a n cie nt be lief e v i l e n tered i nto the wor ld , ,

c lose ly foll o w ed by H o pe poi nti ng to a happier future ,

.

P a n is c i ( pa n See P a nes .

P a no pe ( pa n o —
p )
e N eptu
’
n e a n.d his wife D oris had
fifty daughters Som e a u thorities m ake the n u m ber
.

o ne hu n dred These were ca lled N ereides o r D o rid es ”

. .
1 64 P A N TH E —
O N P A RI S
Of these A m phitrite a n d Thetis were the m ost fam ous
,
,

a n d n ex t to the m were Pa n o e a n d Ga l atea

p .

P a nt heo n ( pa
the ) A ce lebrated te m p le at Rom e
’
n -o n .
.

The a ll divi n e p lace

-
the te m p le o f a ll t he gods
” ”

bui lt by A grippa B C 2 7 I t was circular in form1 44

, ,

. . .
,

feet in dia m eter a n d 144 feet high a nd was in t he

, ,

C ori nthia n sty l e of arch itec t ure Pli ny ra n ked it a m o ng .

t he wo n ders of the wor l d .

P a nt h er . See Ma t er Turr it a .

P a p h ia f - ’

( pa i a ) . A n a m e of V e n us . See Pap hus .

P ap ll u s Son the statue i nto

of Pyg m al io n a nd

which V enus had breathed the breath of life S ee P yg .

m a lio n .

P a p r e m is ( pa The Egyptia n Mars .

P a rc aa The Fates three powerful goddesses ,

who presided over the birth a n d life of hu m a n bei ngs .

See F a t es .

P a r is . of Pria m ki ng of Troy H is m other was

S on , .

H ecuba I t had bee n foreto l d before his birth that he

.

woul d cause the rui n of his cou ntry H is m other had .

a lso drea m ed that she had give n birth to a chi ld who

had set fire to the pa lace H is father therefore ordered .

that he shoul d be stra ngl ed as soo n as he was bor n but ,

the s lave to w ho m t his u np l easa nt duty had bee n as

'

signed carried the i n fa nt to Mount I d a where so m e

, ,

shepherds fou n d him a n d cared for him H e m arried . .

the n y m ph ( E n o n e A t the ce l ebrated nuptia l feast o f

.

P e l eus a n d Thetis Paris w a s m ade u m pire t o decide who

,

was the ha n dso m est am o ng the goddesses pres en t T he .

166 PA R TH EN O P E—P E ACE

P a rt h en o p e( par L igeia L e u e o s ia a nd , ,

Parthe n ope were the three m ost fam ous sire n s ha l f bird ,

a n d ha l f wo m a n in for m a n d were represe nted a s p l ay ,

in g upo n a doubl e flute .

Pa h e n o p ae u s ( par the
rt S o n of A ta la nta -
n o

a n d Me l a n io n H e was pro m i n e nt in the expeditio n

.

agai n st Thebes .

'
P a rt h en o n( par the ) A te m p l e o f Athe n s sacred
-n o n .

to Mi nerva a n d the m ost beautifu l b u i l di n g o f an ti

,

q u it y I.t stood o n the A cropo l is was destroyed by the ,

P ersia n s a n d rebui l t by P eric l es

,
I t s rui n s are sti ll .

sta n di ng .

P a r t h e n o s (par the no s )
- A n a m e appl ied to Juno ;
’
.

a lso to Mi n erva .

P a sip h a e (p sif a ) D aughter

a - of H e l ios a n
’

d P-e
e r s e i
.s .

She m arried Mi nos ki n g of C rete a nd beca m e m other , ,

o f the Min otaur s l ai n by Theseus , .

P a s it h ea (p sith e ) Wa hi
- l e the G races are’
usua
-all y .

spoke n of as three in nu m ber H om er m e n tio n s a who l e ,

race of the m the youngest bein g P asithea An other

, .

versio n m akes Aglaea or A glaia the youn gest The , , .

n a m e is a l so app lied to o n e of the N e reid es .

P a st o r a l P o e t r y. See T ha lia .

P a tro c ( pat ro c l
lus us )
’
- . A frie nd of A chi l les . He was
slai n by H ector .

P a va n . The H i n doo god of the wi nds .

P a x. Sa m e as Eir en e , or I re n e , which see .

P ea c e . S ee C o nc o rd ia ,
E ir ene, F reyr , P a w .
 P E AC O C K —P ELI A S 167

P ea c o c k . See Argus .

'-
P e ga su s ( peg a s u s ) The wi n ged horse bor n of N eptu n e .

a n d Medusa A ccordi n g to a n other versio n P egasus

.
,

was the product of the sea -foa m m i ngl ed with the blood
o f M edusa H e dwe lt o n Mou n t H e l ico n O n e d a y he
’

. .

struc k the groun d with his hoof which caused water to

spri n g forth This foun tai n w a s ca lled H ippocre n e
. .

A fter Be l l eropho n s fai l ure to ride P egasus to the top o f ’

O ly m pus Jupiter gave the wi n ged stee d to Aurora

, .

P e ir e n e fa m ous fou ntai n at C ori nth at

(pi A
which the wi nged steed P egasus ha lted to dri n k .

'
P e r it ho us
(p rith o -us
) I xio n a n d P e r it h o ues-were the ;

two m ost pro m i ne nt figu res a m o ng the Lapith ae o f

Thessal y .

P e it ho A a m e appl ied to V e nus a s the per

n
so nifi c a of t io n the soft speech o f love Sa m e a s Sua .
"

de la or Suada
, .

'
P eleus ( pe l e ) K i ng of Thessa l y S o n o-us
f ZE a c u s a n d .

En deis The l atter was the daughter o f C hiro n P e l eus

. .

m arried Thetis This is said to be the o n l y m arriage.

betwe e n a m ortal a n d a n i m m ortal S ee D isc o rd ia P a r is .

, .

P e l ia d es (p e i a d ez
-l - ’

) . A n a m e app lied to the O reads ,

or m ou ntai n ny m phs .

P e l ia s ( pe l i as ) S o n o f N
’

eptu n e a-n d Tyro A fterward

. .

Tyro m arrie d C retheus K i n g o f I o l c h o s ZEso n was the ,

.

e l dest of their three chi l dre n A fter the death o f C re .

theus P e lias visite d his m other a n d u surped t h e p lace

,

t hat p roperly be l o nged to fEso n Jaso n the s o n o f .

,

ZEso n who ha d b een educated b y C hir on on a t t a i ni ng

, ,
168 P E LIO N — P E N E LO P E

m a nhood de m a n ded the ki ngdo m of his deceased father

, .

P e l ias by fal se pro m ises a n d by appea l s to his courage ,

a n d herois m se n t Jaso n o n the A rgo n autic expeditio n

, .

P e l ias m et a crue l death at the ha n ds of his daughters

through the crafti n ess of M edea S ee Ja so n The spear . .

of A chil les was ca lled P e lias I t was so heavy that n one .

coul d wie l d it but hi m se lf .

'
P e l io n ( pe l i-o n) So m eti m es ca ll ed Pe llo s A we ll
. .

wooded m ou ntai n of Thessaly the sce n e of the fa m o us ,

wars betwee n the gia n ts a n d the gods A lso the abode .

o f the C e n taurs who were expe ll ed by the Lapith ae S ee .

Ossa . A lso the n a m e of a s o n of P e l eus H is n a m e is .

pro n ou n ced e li o n
P - ’
.

P elo p s Ta n ta l us K i n g of P hrygia
S on a of , ,

crue l m o n ster who sl e w a n d served up P el ops to feed ,

his guests the gods a n d goddesses b ut the d ecep t io n

, ,

fai led The gods se n t Ta nta lus to Tartarus for pu n ish

.

m e nt a n d P e l ops was restored to l ife

,
H e afterward .

w on H ippoda m ia in a chariot race a n d m arried her ,

.

S ee Ta nt a lu s ,
M yrt ilus .

P ena t es ( pe Ro m a n d eities who pre I n ferior

sided over the do m estic a ffairs of fa m i lies The hearth .

w a s their al tar S ee La r es . .

P e n e is (p -
e ne the is )
pri . O n e of
n cipa l river gods father ,

of D aph n e who m he cha nges i n to a laure l Sam e as

,
.

Pe neiu s a n d P en eu s A l so the n a m e of a river

.
in G reece .

P enelo p e ( e l o -
p )
e Tph
e-ne faithfu l ’
wife of U l ysses
.

a nd daughter o f I carius S h e was the m other o f T.e l e

m a c hu s W nU
he .
l yss e s fai l ed t o retur n at the c l ose o f
the Troja n war m a nys uitors sought her h a nd t elli ng her
, ,
 P E R S U A S IO N — P H A E TO N

Spri n g To preve nt this P erseus a n d his m oth er were

.
,

both p laced in a n e m pty cask a n d s et adrift in the sea .

They drifted to the is la n d o f S eriphos a n d were received ,

kin d ly b y P lyd e c t es the ki ng P erseus gre w up a

“

o ,
.

han dso m e a n d chiva lrous youn g m a n The ki ng desired .

to wed his m o t her but s he repe lled his adva n ces Perseus
, .

boasted that n o o ne sh o ul d force his m other to do what

sh e did n o t w ish The ki n g tau n ted him as a n id le
.

bragg a rt a n d to l d him to pro ve his courage by bri n gi ng

,

t h e head of Medus a which P erseus essayed to do Pluto

, .

l e n t him a he l m et which m ade the wearer i n visib l e ;

Mi n erva who had bee n i nsul ted by the G orgo n was
,

gl ad t o l e n d P erseus her buckl er a n d Mercu ry supp lied ,

h im w i t h wi n gs Thus equipped he soo n a c c o m plishe

.

h is purpose F ro m the b l ood of Me d usa which d r ippe

.

i nto the sea sprang the wi n ged horse Pegasus I n t he

, .

course of his flight he discovered the beautiful An d ro m

eda chai e to a rock to be devoured by a sea m on ster
n d - .

H e s lew the terrib l e creature a n d m arried A n dro m e d a , .

H e no w haste n ed to S eriphos turn ed P o l yd e c t es i n t o ,

sto n e by showi ng him the G orgo n s he a d a nd l ater ’

, ,

occasio n ed Acrisius death by accide ntally striki n g his ’

foot with a quoit a n d thus fulfi ll ed the orac l e S ee

,
.

M ed usa A nd ro med a A c risius

, , .

P e r s u a s io n . S ee P it ho , S u a d a .

P h a ed ra P asiphae bore to Minos two daughters ,

A riad n e a nd Ph aedra . The latter m arried Theseus .

'
P ha et o n f
( a e t on)
-
. S on of A po ll o a nd C ly m e n e .

H e sio d a nd P a u s a n ias he was the sa y so n of C ep ha l us

a nd Aurora . Apo l l odor us d ec l ares his pare nts t o have
 P H A ET H U S A — P H EM E 1 71

bee n Titho nu s a n d Aurora P roud a nd co n ceited the .

,

resu lt o f over i n du lge n ce o n the part o f his m other

-
,

P haeto n begged o f his father the privi lege of drivi n g

the cha riot o f the sun fo r o ne day W ith m an y m is .

g i v i ngs the privi lege was gra n ted By carefu ll y o b .

servi ng A po llo s i n struction s he did quite we ll for a

’
_

ti m e but becom i n g e lated with his success he grew

, , ,

care less The chariot whee led out of the proper course
.
,

a n d ca m e s o n ear the earth that the fou n tai n s wer e

dried up the rivers bega n to boi l a n d a part o f the

. ,

hu m a n race b ec a m e b lack in co l or The ge nera l c la m or .

w a s so great that Jupiter was a rouse d a n d seei n g the ,

i m pe n di ng ca la m ity hur led o ne o f his dead lie s t thun der

,

bo lts k i lled Phaeto n a n d saved the i m peri l ed worl d

,
.

P haeto n fe l l fro m the chariot i n to the river Erida n us .

S ee C ygnu s La mp et ia ,
.

P ha et h u s a ( fa -e See La mpetia .

' -
P ha nta ( fa ta
su s sus ) S ee M o rpnheu s . .

P ha o n A boat m a n o f Mity l e ne in Lesbos , .

V e n us disguised as a n o l d wo m a n prese n t e d him w ith

, ,

a b o x o f oi ntm e nt which re n dered him very beautifu l

, ,

a n d the ce l ebra t ed poe t ess S appho beca m e e n a m ore d , ,

o f him The oin t m e nt was soo n co nsu m ed a n d Phao n

.
,

returne d to his for m er co nditio n a n d Sappho in despair , , ,

drow n ed hersel f .

P h ea sa nt . See I t ys .

P hem e The
goddess of Fa m e or of good G reek ,

or bad report S he n ever s leeps ; is fleet o f foot a n d is

.
,

a l ways pryi ng i nto the a ffairs o f others W hatev e r s he .

sees o r hears she whispers to a few perso ns the n in a ,

 P H E R EP H A TE — H ILO M
P ELA .

l ouder to n e to a larger circ l e a n d soo n the world , is ap

prise d o f her secrets S a m e a s F a nia . .

P h er ep h a t -
( ref
f -
a te Sa m e or
’

e e ) . as P r o serp ine, P er
s ep ho ne .

P h e r u s a ( fe D yn a m en e a nd Pheru s a , n ym p hs
of
the s ea represe nted the swe ll
, a nd i m pulse o f it s m ighty
waves .

P h il a m m o n ( fi K ing of Thra c e , a nd father

of Tha m yris .

P h id ia s ( fi d -
1 as ) . A n oted G reek scu lptor who m ade
statues of the gods .

P h il e m o n ( fi S ee B a u cis .

P h il o c t et es ( fil -c c
of the S on of Poeas . O ne
A rgo n auts H e received fro m H erc ul es the arrows
.

which had bee n poiso n ed in the b l ood o f the H ydra a nd ,

with them d e stroyed a l arge n um ber o f the Troja n s

‘
,

i n c ludi n g Pa ris H is adve n tures were d ra m atized by

.

S ophoc l es .

P h il o n l e l a ( fil-o ki ng o f D au ghter of Pa n dio n ,

A the n s P roc n e
. her sister m arried Tereus ki ng o f
, , ,

Thra ce a n d grievi n g over the separa tion fro m her sister

, ,

besought her husba n d to fetch her O n the way he .

trea t ed Phi l o m e l a with great crue lty cutti ng o ff her ,

to n gue a n d casti n g her i n to a l o ne ly c a st l e a n d i n form ed

, ,

P roc n e that sh e had died P roc n e l e a r n ed o f her hus .

ba n d s crue lty t o her sister a n d in reve n ge s lew his

’
, ,

so n a n d served hi m upo n Tereu s s tab l e Tereus the n .

dre w his sword a n d s l e w both the sisters whereupo n he

, ,

w a s cha nged i n to a hoopoe Phi l o m e l a i nto a n ighti nga l e , ,

1 74 P H CEN I X— P IC UM N US

P h o en ix had three bro t hers C adm us Europa , ,

P hoe n ix a n d C i l ix Jupiter fa l l i n g in l ove with Europa

,
.
, ,

tra n sform ed hi m se l f i nto a beautiful whit e bull a n d ,

carried her c d o n his back The brothers we nt in search .

o f her but P hoen ix a n d C i l ix beco m i n g weary sett l ed

, , ,

dow n in Ph oen icia a n d C i licia respective ly coun tries ,

n a m ed in t heir ho n or C ad m us acco m pa nied by his

’

.
,

m other Te l ephassa co n ti n ued the pursuit but fai l ed to

, ,

fi n d E uropa .

P ho c is A provi n ce in Greece on the Gu l f of

C ori n th .

P h o lus ce ntaur who in e ntertai ni n g H er

A
cul es as his guest i n curred the disp l easure o f the other
,

C e n ta urs a n d in the strife which e n sued l ost his l ife

, , , .

Pho f P horcys , P o rc ys S on of N ep
’
rc us ( o r c us ) or or .

tune ,
a nd father of t he Gorgo n s . Sa m e as O cea n us .

'
P ll o ro neus( ro e ) A ccordi n g to
fot-he A rgive l eg
n -u s .

e n ds he was t he first m a n upo n the earth bei n g the o ff ,

S pri ng o the river god O cea n us a n d the nym ph Me l ia

f - .

P h r yxu s S o n of Atha m as a nd N ephe l e . A t ha

‘
m as discarded N ephe le chargi n g her with i n sa n i t y a n d ,

m arried I no w ho persecuted P hryxu s a n d e n d eavored to

, ,

cause his death in order that o ne o f her o w n chi l dre n

m ight succeed to the thro ne S e e Go ld en F leece . .

P h ys ic ia n . See E sc u la p ius , M a cha o n .

P ic u m n u s( pi A r u r a l divi n ity who presided

over the m anuri n g of l a n d C a lled a lso S t erent ius . .

See P ilum nus .

 PI C US — P I M PLA 1 75

P ic u s Sa t urn H e w a s k i n g of Lati
Son of .

um ,
m arried V e n ill a a n d beca m e father o f F a u nus , .

NV hil e h un ti ng C irce m et h im l oved him a n d because

, , , ,

her l o ve was n o t requited cha n ged him i n to a beautifu l ,

woodpecker .

P ie r id ( pi es d ez ) A n a m e of
-e r 1 - the m uses because . the y
were bor n n ear P ieri a a foun tai n in Thessa ly o r b e , ,

ca use t hey w ere daught e rs o f P ie r us ki ng o f Macedo n ia , .

They cha l l e n ged t he M uses to a si n gi n g co ntes t a n d fo r ,

‘

their presu m p t io n were cha n ged i nto m agpies S ee .

P ier u s .

'
P ie r u s ( pirus
e -
) A Thr a cia n father
.
, of the Pierides ,
w ho m he na m ed after the ni n e M uses S ee P ier id es .

'
P ie t a s ( pi e -t a s
) . The Ro m a n goddess of do m estic a ffec

t io n .

P il l a r . See C a lp e .

P il l a rs o f H hi ll s o n the opposite sides

e r c u l e s. Tw o
o f the Strai t o f G ibra l tar said to have bee n tor n apar t ,

by H ercu les .

P il u m n u s ( pi A rura l divi n ity that presided

over the gri n d in g o f corn O f t e n ca lled the god o f .

bake rs H e a n d his brother P icu m nu s for m ed a pair o f

.

Ro m a n deities whose office was t o watch over m arri ed

l ife. A c o u c h was spread fo r the m at chi l d birt h P i lu m
- .

nu s with his c l ub p ilu m used in pou n di n g o u t grai n

.
, , ,

woul d drive away a ll i l ess fro m the e born ba be

l n n w -
,

whil e Pic um nus who had i ntroduced the m a nuri n g o f

,

la n d wou l d give the chi ld growth .

P im p l a The spri n gs that trickl ed down the sides o f

.

Mou n t H e l ico n a n d Mou n t P ar nassus were called C a s

1 76 P I N E T R EE —P LEI A D ES

ta l ia Aga n a ppe Pi m pl a or P i m plea

, , , . These w a ters po s ‘

ses sed t he property of i n spiratio n , a nd were pr esided

over by the M uses o r P ierides ,
.

P in e T r e e . S ee , Tr ees , A t ys A t t is , .

P ip e . S ee P a n , La d o n .

'
P ir e n e ( pi - re n e ) A fo un tai n n ear C orinth where P ega
sus dri n ks .

-rith o —
'
P ir it h o u s ( pi u s) S o n of I xio n a n d D ia the .
,

daughter of D eio neu s who was ki n g of t he Lapithae .

P irithous a n d These us beca m e war m frie n ds W he n .

P iri t hous m ar ried H ippoda m ia These us H ercu l es a n d , , ,

the rest of t he Lapith ae were i nvited to the weddi ng .

The C e nt aurs were a l so i n vi t ed a n d beco m i ng int o xi

.
, ,

c a t e d atte m pted to k id n ap the beautifu l bri d e

,
This .

l ed to the fa m ous fight betwee n the C e n taurs a n d the

Lapith ae in which m a ny o f the for m er w ere s lai n a n d
‘

, ,

the rest o nly saved their l ives by flight .

P it l l o ( p tho ) D aughter of Mercury

l .
a nd V e nus , a nd

goddess of persuasio n S a m e as S u a d a . .

P it t h eus for his wisdo m a n d virtue

(pit t h e
’
- us) . N oted ,

which he careful ly i n sti lled i n to the m i n d of his gra n d

so n Theseus .

P l a in s . S ee Ma ia .

P l a nt s . See D em a go rgo n .

P lea su r e . S ee F r igga , R em bha .

P le i a d e s l
(p ye a -d ez ) A ge n era’
l n a m e app l ied to El
. ectra ,

A l cyo n e ,
C e l aeu s ,
M aia ,
S terope ,
T aygete ,
a n d M erope ,
178 P OD A R C ES — P O LLU X

P o d (
a r c es as P riam W hen in t he
po S am e .

siege o f T roy Lao m edo n the ki ng a n d his so n s were , , ,

s lai n P odarces at the earn est e n treaty o f H esio ne his

, , ,

sister was spared Podarces assu m e d the n am e o f

, .

P ria m us a n d after the withdrawal of H ercu l es a n d his

, ,

forces estab lished a n e w dy n asty in Troy

, .

P o d a r ge (po S ee H a rp ies .

P a an a who w a s a terror to evi l -doers N e m esis , ,

had three atte n da n ts to execute her co m m a n ds —D ike ,

represe nti ng justice ; P oena pu n ish m e nt a n d Eri nys , , ,

ve ngea n ce .

P o et . See P a rna ssus .

P o e t r y. S ee Ap o llo , C a llio pe, M u ses I d una , .

P iso n S e e C irc e, H er c u les F if t h La bo r

’
o . .

P o iso n o u s L a k e. S ee A ver nus .

—
P o l ia s ( po l i as )
'
. Mi nerva as t he guardia n a nd prote o
tress o f cities .

P o l it es ( po The last o f P riam s sons ’

. He w a s
slai n a t his father s feet by P yrrhus
’
.

'
P o llea r ( po l e ar ) - . H i n doo god of wisdom so n of S iva .

P o ll ux Jupiter
. S twi brothe r of
on of a nd Leda , a nd n-

C astor By the G reeks he was ca ll ed P o l ydeuce s C astor

. .

a n d P o ll ux u n d er t he n a m e of D ioscuri were the deities

, ,

that presided ove r the pub lic gam es in Ro m e C astor

‘

presidi ng over the equestria n exercises a n d P ollux over ,

boxi ng They joi ned Jaso n in the A rgo nautic expedi

.

tio n a n d al so participated in the C alydo nia n H unt

,
.

C astor who was m orta l was s l ai n by the son s o f

, ,
 P O LY B O T E S —P O LY N I C E S 179

Aphare us Po ll ux
the n i m plored Jupiter to let him die
.

a lso a nd the god w a s so touched by their brotherly love

,

that he trans lated the m to the skies where they n o w ,

form the co nste llation Ge m i n i the Twi ns See E d ep o l , . .

P o l yb o t es (po l of the gia nts who

-i O ne ,
in the
war agai n st Jupiter was s lai n by N eptu n e , .

P o l yb u s (po l -i
’
—
bus ) . K ing of C ori n th . He adopted
whe n a s a
( Ed ipu s born babe he,
ne w -
,
h ad bee n left o n
Mo unt C ith aero n to perish .

P o l yd ec t e s (p ol i
- K ing of Seriphus who w a s ,

turn ed i nto ston e upo n bei ng show n the Medusa s head ’

.

See P erseus .

P o l yd euc es ( po l i
- See P o llux .

P o l yd o rus (p l i o -
Trojan youth m urdered
A in
Thrace . H is grave w a s discovered by ZEnea s .

P o l yh yl n n ia ( po l -i-h im n i-a
’

) . Da ughter o f Jupiter a nd
Mne mosy n e . The Muse who presided over si ngi ng a nd

rhetoric .

P o l yid u s( ) pseer
o -h to
1 -who
d u m
s B e ll eropho n ap . A
pl ied fo r advice as to how he m ight be e nab l ed to catch
t h e flyi n g head of Medusa .

P o l yn ic (p es -
ol i k i n g o f Thebes S o n of Ofld ipu s , ,

a n d J c o asta H e a n d Eteoc les his brother i n herited

.
, ,

their father s ki ngdo m agreei ng that each shou l d reig n

’
,

a year a lte rnate ly Eteocl es refused t o resign the scepter

.

at the en d o f the first year a n d Po lyn ices fled to A rgos , ,

m arried A rgia daughter o f A drastus the ki ng i nvoked

, ,

t he he lp of h is fa t h er in l a w rai sed a n ar m y a n d
- -
, ,
18 0 P O LYP H E M U S —P O S E I D O N
m arched Thebes The battle was deci d ed by a c o m
on .

bat betwee n the brothers who ki lled each other P oly

‘

.
,

n ic es body was buried by A n tigo n e

’
.

P ol yp h e m u s oted C yC lO pS so n o f
(po l -i A n ,

N eptu n e a n d the n y m ph Tho o sa daughter of P horcys , .

H e captured U l ysses a n d twe l ve co m pa n io n s took the m ,

to his cave a nd ate s ix o f the m The rest through a

,
.
,

trick o f Ulysses escaped This m o nster had but o ne eye

,
.

a n d thi s was in the m idd l e of his forehead This eye .

w a s put out with a firebra n d in t he ha n ds of U lysses

P o l yp h o n t e (p -
ol i H avi n g i n curred t he dis
p leasure o f V e nus , P o lypho n t e w a s cha nged by the god
dess i nto an owl .

P o l yxe n a
(p ix e ) D aughter of
o l
- P ria m a n
’
d H ecuba
-na .

Through her treachery A chilles w a s sho t in the heel See .

A c hilles .

P m o na ( po m o a ) The Rom a n goddess o f orchards

’
o n .
,

garde ns , a nd fruit trees S he m arried V ertu m nus. .

P o nt u s . The n am e give n to the s ea whe n first created .

See Tr ees , —
I I elia d es
P o pla r. .

P o rp h yr i
(p
o fir i ) The nki n g a n d l
oreader
- o f the ’
-o n .

gia nts whose m other Earth m ade the m proof agai nst , ,

the weapo n s of the gods but who were overcom e at last ,

through the weapo ns of m ortal s S ee Gia nt s . .

P o r t un us ( por The Rom a n god of harbors ;

so n of I n c .

P o s e id o n ( po Go d of the sea The G ree k am e

n

of Ne pt un e . See N ep t une .
18 2 P RO P H EC —
Y P RO V E R BI AL E XP R E S S IO N S

a nd sto l e fire fro m the chariot o f t he sun Jupiter l n .

,

pu nish m e n t se n t him a box fi lled with the i ll s that

,

a flflic t hu m a n ity but P ro m etheus was t o o shrewd to a c

,

cept P a n dora who m arried his brother Epi m etheus

.
, ,

pro m pted by curiosity ope n ed the box a n d spread the ,

evils over the earth Jupiter bei n g sti ll a n gry with .

P ro m etheus co m m an ded Mercury to bi n d him to a rock

,

o n Mou n t C aucasus where a vu l ture g nawed his l iver

, ,

which grew as m uch in the n ight as was con su m ed in

t he day thus pro l o n gi n g the torture
, H ercu les at l a s t .

Sl e w the vu lture a n d s et P ro m etheus free S ee Tit yus . .

P ro ph ec y . S ee Or a c les , S eer .

P r o s e r p in e( pros er pin ) or P r o s erp in

’
a D aughter - .

o f Jupiter a n d C eres a n d goddess of vegetatio n S he , .

was k n ow n as The Quee n o f H e ll H ecate Ju n o I n ,

”
,

fern a a n d Libiti na H er G reek n a m e was Persepho n e

,
. .

S ee P lu t o .

P ro t e us ( pro te ) A
’
-u s s o n o.f O cea n us a n d s ea go d ,
-

Tethys o r so m e sa y of N eptu n e a n d P he n ice

, , ,
H is resi .

d e n ce was a cave in the depths of the s ea which h e l e ft ,

o n ly l o n g e n ough to take the s ea cal ves o f N eptu n e to

-

graze o n the coasts a n d is la nds o f the Mediterra n ea n .

N eptu n e besto w ed upon him the g ift of prop hecy but he ,

ofte n refused to a n swer whe n co nsu lted puzz lin g i h ,

q u ir e r s by assu m i n g fa n tastic shapes .

P r o verb ia l E xp r e ssio n s . H a l cyo n d ays ( S ee Hal'

c yo ne )
°
Mean deri n g strea m s ( M ea nd er )
”
M idas
eared ,
Midas fin gere d
-
( M id a s ) ;
“
S to n y grief ,
”

“
The N iobe atio n s Like N iobe a l l tears A ”
of n , , ,

m arbl e to her tears ( N io be) dru n ke n reve l s Or i

( g )es ,
 P R U D E N C E—P YGM ALION 1 83

Pa nic , ( P a n ) u n fee li ng extortio ners ( H a rp ies) hydra

headed H a d I as m a ny m ouths as Hydra such a n swer
, ,

wo ul d stop the m a ll ( H yd r a ) Arg us eyed (A rgus )

” -

Ros yfi ngered Morn ( Aur o r a ) ; P an dora s box ( Pa n ’

“
P rocrustea n bed rossi g
”
d ora ) ( P r o c ru s t es ) C n t h e

Rubico n ( R u bic o n) S cy lla a n d C harybdis ( C ha rybd is)

”

S to n e of S isyphus ( S isyp h u s ) ta n ta l ize ( Ta nt a lus)

tita nic ( Tit a ns ) ; with ste ntoria n voice (S t ent or ) .

'

P
- rud en c e . See M et is .

P syc h e A G reek
term sig n ifyi ng the sou l o r
spirit Represe nted u n der the form of a beautifu l
.

n y m ph whose char m s were su ffi cie n t to excite t h e e n vy

,

of V e nus This goddess therefore ordered her so n

.
, ,

C upid to i n spire P syche with l ove for so m e vu l gar wretch

who wou l d disgrace her but C upid fe ll in l ove with her
,

hi m se l f a n d m arried her T hi s onl y i n creased the hatred

.

o f V e n us but Jupiter ki n d l y i n terposed e fi e c t e d a rec

, ,

o n c il ia t io n re n dered P syche i m m orta l a n d thus u n ited

, ,

her forever with her b el o v e d

'

P s yc h o po m pus ( -
si c o Mercury
was a pg
poi n ted to l ead the soul s o f the departed to the rea l m o f

H ades , a nd , in this capacity he was ca lled Psyc ho po m

,

pus .

P u n ish m e n t . See ( P x na )
P u r it y . See Tu ccia .

P yg m a l io n ( pig v
K i ng of C yprus a n d a n o t ed

S cu l ptor , who had resol ved to die a bac he lor O ne day .

he fi nished a statue of Galatea which was so beaut iful ,

that he fell in love with it a nd begge d V e nus to i nspire

,
18 4 P YGM IE S — P Y TH I A

it with l ife D e lighted to see him beco m e a victi m of

.

the te n der passio n she con se n ted a n d the statue n o w a

, , ,

beautiful wom an i n spired with l ife beca m e his wife , .

See P a p hus A n other of the sa m e na m e m u rdered his

.

brother i h la w Sych aeus ki ng of Tyre husba n d of D ido

- -
, ,

a n d the possessor of u n to l d riches .

P yg m ie s . A race of dwarfs who l ived in A frica .

'

P yl a d (
espi l a -d ez
)
’
. S on of Strophius k i n g of , P hocis .

H usba n d of E lectra . See C lyt emnest r a .

P yl o t is (pi A G reek n am e of Mi n erva .

P yl u s K i n g of M egara , with who m P an dio n ,

when drive n fro m Attica took refuge , .

P yr a c l n o n (pir O ne of the chiefs of the

C yc l ops .

P yr a m u s ( ) pir-a -m u s that h is be l.oved Be l ievi n g

Thisbe had bee n ki lled by a l io n he co m m itted su 1 cide , .

She fi n di n g his corpse un der a white m ul berry tree

, ,

the p lace appoi nted for their m eeti n g p l ucked his dag ,

ger fro m his body a nd w ith it e n ded her life S i n ce the n

, .

the juice of the m u l berry has bee n red .

'-
P yr o is ( pir o is ) O ne . of the four chariot horses of the
S un .S ee P ha et o n .

P yr r h a She with her husba n d D eucal ion were

the only perso ns who survived the flood .

P yr r h u s S on of A chi lles . See N eop t o lem us .

P yt h ia ( pith i priestess o f A po l lo at The D e lphi

’
.

S h e d e l i v ered t h e
a n s w e rs o f the o ra c le Th e . n a m e is
a lso app lied to the Pythia n ga m es S ee Ga mes . .
186 R AC E —R H AD AM AN TH U S

R a c e. See A t a la nt a .

R a ge . See F uries .

R a in . See P luvius , Thyene .

R a in b o w . See I r is .

R a ma A H i n doo god who represe nt ed V ish nu

on earth .

R a m . See Go ld en F leec e, K nep h .

R e e d s. See P a n , S yrinx, M id a s .

R e f u ge . See P yla s .

R e g il l u s (
re where A l ake in I tal y
occurred t h e

batt le in which the D ioscuri took part .

R em bha . G oddess of pl easure a m on g the H i n doos .

R em u s S on of M ars a nd I l ia , a nd twi n brother

of Ro m ul us .

R ep r o d u c t io n . See P r iap us .

R e st See Quies
. .

R e ve l ry See C a mus . .

R e v e n ge . See A t e, E r inys , I t ys , Ja son , La t o na N em

es is , N ep t u ne, P hilo m ela .

'
R ha d a m a n t h u s ( rad Jupiter a n d -a -m a n t hu s ) S on of

Europa a n d brother of Mi n os a n d S arpedo n

,
H e reig ned .

over the G reeks in the is l a n ds o f Asia a n d his rule w a s ,

m arked for its justice a n d i m partia l ity H e a n d Mi nos .

were appoi nte d judges in the i nfern a l regions .

 R H AM N U S I A —R O AD S 1 87
'
R ha l n n u sia( u shi )ra I n Rha
m n
- m n us a tow n o f -a .
,

A ttica N e m esis had a te m p l e in which was her sta t ue

, ,

co n sisti n g of o ne sto n e t en cubits in height She was .

there ca lled R ha m nu sia .

'
R h e a C y e e ( re a si
l b e le ) The G reek am e o f C y
’

b - . n

be le D aughter of Ma nus
. a nd G aea . She was ca lled
Mother of the gods .

R h e a S yl v ia ( re a si l v i a )
' '
R o m u l u s a n d Re m us , — .

x
fou n d
ers o f the city o f Ro m e , were so n s of Mars a n d a vesta l
pri ncess n am ed Rhea S y lvia .

R h eto r ic . See C a llio pe P o lyhym nia .

R ho d e ia ( ro the O ne of O ceanids . The n am e

m ea n s flowi n g a m o n g rose trees .

R ho d ( roads
es ) A n is l a n d . in the Mediterra nean where
the fa m ous C o loss us stood .

R h uat u s the grea t war betwee n the gods

I n

a nd the gia nts Rh oetus was overco m e by Bacchus

,
.

R ic h e s . S ee P l ut us , M a m m o n P ygm a lion M id a s
, , .

R id d l e . See Sp hinx .

R io t . See S a t u r na lia .

R iv e r s . See E rid a nus , N ilu s , Phleget ho n P o t a m ia ,

R iv e r G Son s o f O cea n us who exercised do m i n i o n

o d s.

over particu lar rivers .

R o a d s. See
_ V ia lis .
188 —
ROBB E R R U M IN A

R o b b er . See C a cu s , Ccec ulus .

R o be . See N es sus , H er cu les .

R o c k . See A nd ro med a , P ro met heus .

R m ul us ro m Rem us t wi n brothers
- He a nd
’
o ( u lu s ) .
,

were the fruit of the c la n desti n e un ion of Mars a n d the

vesta l V i rg i n I l ia W he n her pare nts l ear ned that I lia
.

had broke n her vows they co m m a n ded that she shou l d ,

su ffer t he prescribed pe n a lty o f bei n g buried a live a n d ,

that her chi l dre n shoul d be exposed to the wi l d beasts o f

the forest H ere they were ki nd l y suckled by a she-wo lf
.
,

a n d were afterward fo un d by F austu lus a S hepherd a n d , ,

reared by him I n layi ng o u t the city o f Ro m e they

.
,

quarre l ed over the choice of a n a m e a n d Rom ul us s le w ,

Re m u s a n d beca m e the fou n der a n d first k i n g H is

, .

reig n was that of a t yran t The sen ators weary o f his .

,

arbitrary m easures a n d desiri n g to be re lieved of his,

despotic ru l e took advan tage o f the dark n ess of a n

,

ec l ipse s l ew him in the Foru m hacke d his body to pieces

, , ,

a n d re m oved the frag m e n ts un der cover o f their wi d e

togas They in for m ed the peop l e that he had bee n car

.

ried o ff by the i m m orta l gods a n d that he was he n ce ,

forth t o be worshiped as a god u n der the n a m e of

Quiri nus A ccordi n g ly a te m pl e was erected o n o n e of
.

the seve n hi lls upo n which the city had bee n bui lt si nce ,

called M ou n t Quiri n al a n d here year l y festiva l s called , ,

Quiri n a l ia were he l d , .

R u m ia D ea . The Ro m a n goddess of babies in ar m s .

S e e I nfa n t s .

'
R u m in a ( ru m i n -a
) . Pastora l deities who guarded
suck li ng catt le .
1 90 S A GA — S A LA M A N D E RS

prayer that the sacrifice m ight be acceptab l e to the god .

The victi m was the n s l ai n a n d the b lood a n d e ntrai ls

,

were m ixed with wheat wi n e a n d i n ce n se a n d p l aced

, ,

upo n the fire Fo r purposes of divi n a t ion the e n trai ls

.
,

were exa m ined by the H aruspices to determ i n e what they

foreto l d The carc a ss w a s the n divided a n d the thighs
.
, ,

covered with fat were p laced upo n the fir e a n d the rest

, ,

o f the a n i m a l was cooked a n d eate n .

The gods were supposed to share in the sacrifices the ,

s m ell of the burn t o fferi n gs a n d the aro m a from the ,

win e asce n di n g to their abodes I n sacrifici ng to the .

deities of the lo w er worl d the b l ood was n o t pl aced upo n

the altar bu t was poured i nto a ho le in the ground in
, ,

the hope that it woul d si n k dow n a nd reach them I n .

t h e sam e hol e or n ear by the ashes fro m the a ltar were

, ,

a l so buried The portio ns o ff ered to m ari n e o r r i ver

.

deities were su n k deep in the water .

The sacrificia l feast was ce lebrated with m usic ,

da ncin g a n d hy m n s of praise t o the god thus ho n ored

, .

O n great occasio n s as m a n y as a hu n dred bu l l ock s were

,

offered at o n e ti m e I n very early ti m es a n d es pecially

.
,

a m o ng the n orthern natio n s the custo m o f o ff eri ng hu ,

m a n sacrifices was quite co m m o n See I nt rod uc t io n .

u n der R it es a nd C er emonies .

S a ga The Scan dinavian godd es s of hist o rv The .

N orse l egen ds a n d m ythica l traditio n s are call ed Saga s .

S a g it t a r iu s ( s a —
jit -ta ri -u s
’

) . S ee C hir o n , S t a rs .

S a il s . S e e D aed a lus .

Sa m
la a n d e r s ( sa l a -m a n -ders )
’
. P luto says these ge nii
dwe lt a mid flam es of fire .
 S A LAC I A — S A T UR N

Sa la c ia ( s a —
l a s hi -a )
'
. Go d dess of sal t water . Sa m e as
S a la t iu a nd A mp hit rit e .

'
S a l a m is
( sa l a ) A n is l a n d of A ttica
-m is n ear
. w h ich
the Greek flee t gai n ed a d ec is1 v e V i ctory over the Pe r
sia ns .

' -
S a l ii ( s a li i ) . P riests of Mars a nd custodia ns of the
sacred shie l ds .

'
Sa h no ne u s( o e A k i n g
sa l m
o -
f El is who for try
n -u s) .
,

ing to be a s great as Jupit er was se nt by that deity ,

direct to Tartarus whe re he was p la ced be neath a n over

ha n gi ng rock which threate n ed m o m e n tari ly to fa ll upon
him .

S a l us The goddess of heal th a m o ng the Ro m a n s .

Sa m o s city in Greece in which A w as erected

by P olycrates a sple nd id te m p l e to Ju n o .

S a p ph o Bor n
at Lesbo s about 600 B O N oted . .

fo r her beauty a n d poetica l ta l e n ts The Greeks cal led .

her the te nth Muse Because P hao n a youth of .

”
,

Mityl e n e l ost his beauty she thre w herse l f i nto the sea , .

S ee P ha o n .

Sa rc a s m . See M o mus .

Sa ro n A s ea - god .

Sa rp e d o n ( sa r S on of Jupiter a nd Europa .

He was s la m m the Troja n war . S ee E u rop a .

Sata n Pri n ce of E vi l . See I blees .

S a t urn The o rigi n of the Ro m an god Saturnu s ,

or Saturn is n ot ,
quite cl ear By som e he is co n fou nded
.
192 S AT U R N A LI A —S C YLLA
with the Greek C ro nus a n d thus m ade t o be the father ,

of Jupiter C eres Juno P l uto N eptu n e a n d V es t a

, , , , , .

Later research m akes these to be the ch il dre n o f C ro n us ,

a n d disti n guishes him fro m S atur n Ac cordi n g to the .

pop ul ar be l ief of the Ro m a n s S atur n a ppeared in I ta ly ,

at the ti m e when Ja n us reig ned as kin g o ve rthe ferti le

region stretchi n g al o n g the Tiber Ja n t s asked him to .

assist in the gover n m e n t of his ki n gdo m I n so m e st o .

ries Janus a n d Satur n are con foun ded O ps was the wife .

of S atur n See Op s Ja nus C r o nus

.
, , .

'
Sa t urna l ia( sat -u r -n a l i -a ) D isorde r l y festiva l s . in
ho n or o f S aturn he l d about the m iddl e o f D ece m ber
,
.

S a t u r n ia
( sa - —
ti'
tur n i a )
The m e whe n S atur n shared
.

with Janus in the gover n m e nt o f his kin gd o m The .

period of the G ol d e n A ge o f Rom a n m ythol ogy .

'
S a t ya v r a t a ( S a - ti a
-vr a- ta ) . Th e H i ndoo go d of la w .

S am e as Men u .

S a t yr s A tte n dan ts Bacchus ,

si m ilar in m any
of

respects to the Fau n s . They are usua ll y represe n ted as

ha l f goat hal f m a n S ee
,
. P a n , S ilen us .

' -
S c a ea n G a t e ( se a n gate ) Th e gate which l ed from
'

Troy to the p l ai n .

S c ie n c e s. S ee Muses .

S e ir o n A gian t e n cou ntered by Theseus on the

I sth m us of C or in th .

S c ulpt o r. S ee P ygma lio n .

S c yl l a beautiful n ym ph daughter o f N ysus

A , ,

who fail ed to reciprocate the l ove o f the s ea god Glaucus

- .

i
He m lp ored the go l de n -haired e n cha n tress C irce to give
1 94 S E R AP I S — -
S I G N P O S TS

S e r a p is ( Se An Egyptian deity sam e , as O siri s;

See Ap is .

S e r ip h u s ( se The is la n d where D a nae a nd Per

seus were cast ashore .

S erp ent The serpe nt was regarded by the Gree k s a nd

.

Ro m a n s as sym bo l ica l of guardia n spirits I t w a s ofte n .

e n graved o n their altars See S na k e . .

'
S e sh a n a g a ( S a sha -na - a
g ) . The Egyptia n Pluto .

S e ve n W o n d er s o seve n wo n ders
f the W o rl d . The
of the a ncie n t worl d were ( 1 ) the Pyr a m ids of Egypt ,

( )
2 W a l l s of B aby l o n ( )
3 H a n gi n g G arde,
n s o f Baby l o n ,

4
( ) Te m pl e of D iana at Ephesus ( 5) Statue of Jupiter at ,

O l y m pia ( 6 ) Mauso l eu m at H al icarn assus ( 7 ) C o l ossus

, ,

o f Rhodes .

'
S e r v iu s T u l l iu s ( ser ’
vi -us tul l i-us ) . See Ocrisia .

S ew e r s. S ee C lo a cin a .

Sh a r p sigh- t e d n e ss. S ee Lynceus .

S h eep . See Theop ha ne, Tr ina cria .

S h ep h er d s. See P a n , N omia s , P a les .

S h ie l d s. See A ncilia .

S h ip s . See N ep t u ne, N a up liu s .

S ib yl A prophetess of C u m ae who led E n ea s

down to H ades .

'
S ic a n ia ( s ca n i a )
i- - . The l an d where An chises died ,

visited twice by ZEn ea s .

S ig n -
po st s . See H ermee .
 S I LE N C E — S IR E N S 1 95

S il e n c e . See H a rp oc ra t es Ta c it a V id or
, , .

S il e n u s ( The chief
Si of the Satyrs a n d tutor o f
Bacch us So m e sa y he was the so n o f Mercury others
.

the so n of Pa n a n d a n y m ph H e is represe nted a s a .

d ru n ke n o l d fat m a n crow n ed with flowers a n d ridi n g

, , ,

o n a n a ss .

'
S il v a n u s ( us ) G o d of the
- woods
s il y a n O n e of the .

i n ferior Ro m an divi nities .

S il v e r A g e See Go ld en A ge
. .

' -
S il v ia ( si l vi a ) D aughter o f a s hepherd
. H er stag w a s .

wo un ded by I u lus .

S in g in g See P o lyhym nia Tha myris

.
, .

i
S n s i The pin e be nder a gl a nt s lain by Theseus
-
, .

S in o n Th e Greek
slave who advised the Trojan s
to secure the woode n horse .

S ir e n s N y m phs
the sea who by their en of

tra nci n g m usic lured sai lors to destructio n U lysses o n .

,

his return fro m Troy ordered his co m pa nio n s t o bi n d ,

him to the m ast a n d had their ears stopped with wax ,

a n d in this m a n n er passed by the S ire n s in safety who ,

thi n k in g their m usic had l ost it s power drow ned the m ,

se lves O n e version m akes the m d a ughters o f the r iver

.

god A chel ous a n d a Muse a n other of Phorcys At ,

.

first they were represe n ted as ha l f bird a n d hal f wo m a n

later a s havi n g the l o w er part o f the body in the shape
,

o f a fish The three m ost n ote d Sire n s were Par t he n ope

.
,

Ligeia a n d Leu c o sia

,
The S ire n s were probab l y per
.

s o n ific a t io n s o f hidde n shoa l s where the s ea is s m ooth

a n d i n viti n g but which proves in the e n d the destru o

, .

tio nof the sh ip .

1 96 S IRI U S —
S O TE R

S ir iu s i ) ( r
s -u s The nam e of O rio n s favorite dog Also
’ ’
i . .

the dog star

- .

S isyp h u s ( sis i fus ) S o n o f [Eo l us a n d

’
E u -
a ret t a a nd
.
,

ki ng o f C orin th H avi n g offe n ded Jupiter he w a s c o n

.
,

d em n e d after death to ro ll a sto n e to the t 0p o f a hi l l

, , .

W hen he reached the sum m it it e l uded his grasp a n d

roll ed to the botto m a n d his task beca m e a n u n e n di n g ,

o ne .

S iv a The H i n doo D e stroyer a nd Rege nerator .

S l a u gh t e r . S ee F uries .

S la ve s . See F er o nia .

S l e ep . See C a d uc eus , Mo rp heus , S o mnus .

S l e ip n e r The eight egged horse of -l O di n ,

chief of the N orse gods .

Sna k e s. See E sc u lap ius , Ap o llo C eres C himera , E ric

, ,

t ho niu s , E u r yd ice, Go r go ns , H ercu les , H erm io ne, La o c

o on , M ed u sa P yt hon , .

So l am e so m eti m es applied to A po ll o but the

A n ,

sun w a s worshiped by the Egyptia ns the P ersia n s a n d , ,

other natio ns l o ng before the Apo ll o of the Greeks w a s

k n own See H elios S urya
.
, .

S o m nus The Ro m an god of s leep so n o f N o x a n d

. , ,

twi brother of Mors O ne o f t he deities of the i n fern a l

n - .

reg i o ns H e dwelt in a gl oo m y stifli ng cave in Tartarus

.
, .

S o ng . See P o lyhym nia .

S o t er A G ree k n am e fo r Jupiter , m ea ni ng de
liv erer .
198 S TEN LI O — S TON E

'-
S t e l l io
( ste l li o ) A l a d cha n ged to a
. l izar d by C ere s
when searchi ng for P roserpi n e .

S t en t o r the G reeks who we nt to the

O ne of

Trojan war H e was n oted for the l oud ness o f his voice
. .

H e n ce the co m m o n expressio n with ste ntoria n voice .

”

St ep m o t h er . S ee Go ld en F leec e .

'
S t e r e n t iu s
( re n shi ) The Ro
st e- m a n divi n ity w h o -u s .

presided over the m an uri n g a n d fertil izi n g o f la nd .

S ee A ugea s , Pic umnu s .

'
St er op es( st er o -
p )
ez O n e o f the C yc l opes so n o.f ,

U ra n us a n d Gaea .

S t h e n e b ce a ( sthe n e - D aughter of I obates a n d

A m phia n a x a n d wife o f P r oetus
, She had three m ost .

beautiful daughters whose fate w a s si n gul arly sa d S ee .

M ela mp u s .

S t h en el us ( sthe n e ) O n the day o n which

’
H ercu
-l u s l es .

was to have bee n bor n Juno heard Jupiter dec lare , ,

in the prese n ce o f the asse m b l ed gods that the b o y ,

to be born that day shou l d have rul e over a ll about him .

To ve nt her hate upo n H ercu l es she haste n ed to A rgos '

to assist the wife o f Sthe ne lus a n d e n ab led her to give ,

birth to Eurystheus a weak ly pre m ature chi l d at t he

, ,

sam e ti m e de l ayi n g the birth of H ercu l es who in c o n , ,

seque nce beca m e the subject of Eurystheus

,
.

S t h en o ( sth e n o )
’
Sa m e as S t heino . O ne o f t he G orgo ns .

S ee Gorgo ns , M ed u sa .

St o ne. See A r sino e, M ed usa ,Lce lap s N iobe Olenu s

, , ,

P ap hu s , P er seus , P hlegya s , P ygma lio n, R ha mnu sia , S isy

p hu s ,
Z et hu s .
 S TR E ETS ~ S U N FLO W E R 1 99

S t r e et s . See Ap o llo .

S t r ife . S ee A t e, D isco r d ia , D o o rga , Eris Lo k i, P a llor .

S t ro ph a d ( strof a es) I s l a n ds where the ’

-d ez . H arpies
took refuge whe n drive n fro m Thrace .

St h i ( s t ro fi-a s )afforded Father of Py l ades He

’

ro p us . .

a refuge to O restes whe n his l ife w a s in da n ger The .

abiding frie n dship o f O restes a nd Py lades have bee n

su n g in every tongue See Pyla d es Orest es .
, .

S t r ym ( str i m o n )
The river o n whose ba nks O rpheus
'
o n

sat for seve n m o nths m our n i ng the loss of Eurydice a n d ,

refusi n g food a nd dri nk .

St y p
l n h a l id es ( sti m —
fa l i d e )
’
- z . D estructive birds s lai n
by H ercul es . S ee H er cu les B ir d s , .

m
Sty p h l ( t im f l ) The l ake upo whose ba nks
’

a u s s a - u s n .

H ercu les s l e w the braze n -c l awed sty m pha l ides .

S t yx ( s t ik s ) oted river o f H ades which is crossed in

. A n

passi ng to the regio n s o f the dead The gods swore by .

this river a n d the oath w a s he l d i n vio lab le

, See .

A chilles , Thet is , C haro n .

S ua d a ( The goddess of persuasio n or o f the

su , ,

soft speech o f l ove o n e of V e nus trai n o f atte n da nts ’

.

S a m e as Suade l a See P it ho . .

S uc c e ss. See B o nu s E ven t us .

S u ic id e. See H a lcyone, H ero , Joc a st a , P haed ra , Pyra

m us , Thisbe .

S un . S e e Ap o llo , A ur o r a , B elus , Osiris , S o l, S urya .

S u n flo w er. See C lyt ie .

2 00 S U R A D EV I — AEN A T R UM

'-
S u r a d e vi ( su - rad e vi) . H i n doo goddess of wi ne . See
S a c rific es .

S ur ge o n . S ee P o d a lirius .

S u r ya The H i n doo S o l god of t he sun , .

Sw a ll o w . See I t ys , B ird s .

Sw a mps . See M a rshes .

Sw a n. See C ygnus , Led a , Bir d s .

S w if t n e s s . See A t a la n t a , M erc ur y .

S w in e . See Cir ce .

S yc h m u s
( of T
siyre husba n d of K i ng , D ido .

H e was m urdered by Pyg m a l io n .

S yl p h s ( sil fs ) . G e n ii who d w e lt in the region s of the air .

S yl v e s t ( er a m e
sil app l ied to M ars as pro A n

tector o f t h e l a n d aga inst the ravages of war .

'
S ym p l e g a d Two great c lifi s in the
es ( s im l
p g
-
e a -d ez ) .

s ea whic h m oved upo n their bases a n d which l ike t h e , ,

pon derous jaws of a huge vise crushed whatever c a m e

-
,

betwee n the m Phi n eus m return for a ki n dn ess shown

.

him by the A rgo n auts directed the m past the sym pl eg

ades in safety .

S yr in x A beautiful ny m ph . See Pa n .

Ta c it a ( tas 1 -ta
) G oddess of si le n ce . See H a rp o cra t es ,
H or us .

'-
T mn a ru m ( te n a ru m ) The.G reek e n tra n ce to H ades
on the C i m m eria n coast Sa m e as Toena rus
. .
2 02 TE LC H N E S I —TE R G E M IN A

T elc h in e s (t el of Rhod es I n habita n ts w h owere

n o t ed for their powers o f sorcery a n d m agic .

T elea ( te A tit l e app lied to Jun o as the god dess

of wifehood .

'-
T elem a (
c tehus
l e m a cus ) - . S on o f U lysses a nd his
beautiful wife Pe nel ope,
T el eph a s sa ( t el e
- W ife of A ge nor a nd mother
of Europa .

'
T e l ep h u s ( te l e -fus
) S o n o f H ercul es H e w a s
. wo un ded .

by A chill es spear a n d the woun d woul d n o t hea l un ti l

’

U l yss es scraped the rust fro m t h e sa m e spear a n d app lied

it to the woun d O u t o f gratitude Tel ephus led the
.

seco n d expeditio n agai n st Troy .

T e l e sp h o r u s( te -les f rus) The deity of convalescen ce

’
-
o .

a n d the atte n da n t of E sc ul a pius .

T e l e st o
( te The n y m ph of the coo l spr in gs pre
vio usl y e m p l oyed by the G reeks fo r c l ea n i n g a n d pu rifi

catio n .

T em p e A beautiful val e of Thessal y .

T em p e st s . S ee F r o .

T em l
p e . edifice erected in ho n or o f som e god or
An
goddess in which sacrifices were offered
, .

'-
T e n e d o s ( te n e d o s ) A n isl a n d O R the coast of Troy
. .

' -
T e r e u s ( te re u s ) S o n o f Mars husba n d o f P roc n e a n d
.
, ,

fa t her o f I tys S ee Philo mela I t ys

.
, .

T e r g e m in a ( ter j em i n a )
- D iana in her threefo l d di
’
- f
.

vin ity as goddess of heave n earth a nd he ll was call ed

, , ,

Terge m i na .
 TE R M IN A LI A — TH A LA S S I U S 03
'
T e r m in a l ia ( ter a l i ) A n a n n ua
-m i-n
l festiva l in -a .

ho nor o f Term i n us N u m a P o m pi li us erected the first

.

altar to this god a nd required his subjects to respect

,

the bou n dary rights o f their n eighbors .

T erm in u s ( ter m i nus

’
-
) . The Ro m a n god of bou n
darics .

T e r p sic ho re ( t erp sik o ) D aughter

- o f
’

Jupiter
-re a n d .

Mn e m osy n e . The Muse that presid e d over da n ci n g .

T erra Th e Earth ; on e of the m ost a n ci ent

G reek goddesses .

T et h ys W ife of O cea n us a nd m other of

Proteus .

T e uc er An a n cie nt ki n g of the Troja n s .

T e ut a m ia( tu t a m isas ) K i n g-o f T hes s

’
a l y who m- .

P erseus fou n d e n gaged in pub l ic ga m es P articipati n g .

in these festivities P erseus thre w t he di s cus which

,

accide nta lly struck the foot o f A crisius a nd caused his

death thus ful fi ll i n g the decree o f the orac l e S e e
, .

A c r isiu s .

T h a l e st r is ( tha Q uee n of the A m azo n s .

T h a l ia ( tha The M use who presi d ed over festiva l s

pastora l p oetry a n d co m edy O n e o f the G races was
, .

a lso n a m ed Tha l ia n oted for her perpetua l fresh n ess

, .

S ee C ha rit es .

T h a la s s iu s ) tit
( tha
l e—
l ash
app l ied t o H y m e n-
1 us . A
for havi n g restored a ban d o f beautifu l m aide n s who
were cap t ured by pirates The n a m e m ea ns sea .

farer .
”
2 04 TH ALLO —TH EBAN W AR

T h a l lo . G oddess of b lossom i ng daughter of Jupit e r ,

a nd The m is . She was o ne o f the H orae See H o rae . .

Tha m y is
r ( tha m i —
ski l fu l si nger who cha l
i )
‘

r s . A
l e nged the Muses to a co n test H e was defeated a n d .
,

by the m was m ade bli n d in accorda n ce with the c o n ,

d it io n s agreed upo n .

T h a na t o s ( tha n a —
t o s
'
) . Sam e as M a rs , the god of
D eath .

( thar je l i -a ) A festival he l d at A the n s in

’
Tha r g e l ia - .

ho n or o f A po l lo as go d of the s un .

Th a r g e l ia s ( thar je l i ) A a m e of A po l loas go d of
’
- -u s . n

the su n .

T h a um a si the godde ss of the rai nbow I r s, ,

was a daughter o f Thau m as a n d Electra .

T h eb es The capita l o f Boeotia

( t h e e b z ) . I t was .

fou n d ed by C ad m us A m phion At ha m a s P e ntheus .

“

, , ,

a n d ( Ed ipu s were each in tur n ki n g o f Thebes , , .

'
T h eb a n W a r. A fter
the u n fortu n ate death o f ( Ed ipu s
a n d J c o asta ki n g a n d quee n o f Thebes their t w o so n s
, . ,

Eteoc l es a n d P o ly n ices disputed the successio n They ,

;

fi n all y agreed t o reig n year about Eteoc les occupied .

t h e thro n e fir s t but at the en d o f the year he dec l i n ed

.

to retire P o l y n ices a l l ied h imse l f with Tydeu s a

.
,

c lai m a n t fer the thro n e of Argos They visited m a ny .

parts o f G reece a n d succeeded in i nteresti ng five other

,

stout heroes in their cause These co n stituted t he .

“
S e v e n agai nst Each at the head o f a n ,

arm y placed hi m sel f before o ne o f the seve n gates of

,
2 06 TH E S M O P H O R A —TH YAD E S
vaded his territories but the two beca m e firm frie nds , .

They desce n ded to H ades to carry o ff P roserpi n e but ,

Pl uto frustrated t heir p l a n s H e retired t o S cyros .

,

where he fe ll from a precipice a n d was ki ll ed .

T h e sm o p h o ra ( thes -m of o’
-ra
) . On e of the n a m es of
C eres .

T h e sm o p h '
o r ia ( thes -m o -
fo ri ) -a . A harvest festival
in ho n or of C eres .

T h e t is goddess D aughter of N ereus A s ea -

.

a n d D oris a nd wife of P eleus ki ng of Thessa ly t o

, , ,

who m she bore A chi ll es S ee A c hilles .

.

T h ie f . See La ver na ,
M er c ury .

T h isb e S ee P yr a mu s .

Tho (
r th er ) The N orse god of war
. S o n of O di n . . Li k e
Jupiter he hurled thu n derbolts agai nst his foes
, .

Tho r s
’
girdl e which doub led
B e lt . A h is stre ngth
whe n ever Thor put it o n .

Tho e S ee H a lie .

Thoth ( th eth ) . Th e Egyptia n Merc ury .

T h rea d o f L if e . S ee F a t es .

T h und erb o lt s . S ee C c Op s .

T h un d er er . A n am e app lied to Jupiter . See

t ru a lis .

T h ya a m e for O ps A n other n .

—
T h ya d e s ( th i a d ez ) P riestesses of Bacchus wi l d crea
’

.
,

tures o f the woods They wore tiger ski n s a n d carried

- .

torches .
 T H Y EN E —T I TH O N U S 07

T h ye n e ( t hi O ne of the H yads , or D o d o nid s , t he

rai ny stars .

T h ye st e s ( t hi See A t r eus .

T h yr s u s The sta ff or wa n d born e by the

fo llowers of Bacchus I t was wreathed w ith iv y a n d .

topped wi t h a p i e co n e
n - .

T im e . H usba n d of virtue a nd father of Truth .

T ir e s ia( re shi
s ti-
’
-a s
) .The b l i n d seer who was visited
by U lysses o n the C i m m eria n shore

T is ip h o n e ( ti f ) -si o -n e D aughter of N o x a nd A chero n

’
. .

The ave n ger of m urder . See F u r ies .

T it te a ( ti A goddess o f the earth who at the wed ,

di n g o f Jupiter an d Jun o brought as a prese n t a tree , ,

which spra n g up a n d\ bore go lde n app l es The care o f .

the tree was e ntrusted to the H esperides .

T it a n Brother of Saturn .

T it a n id es ( ti
- ta n i
’
-d ez
) . The six daughters of Ura nus
a nd Gaea .

T it a n sor Tita nes The gia nt so n s o f U ran us a n d Gaea

. .

The m ost noted were Briareus C ottus H yperio n I apetus , , , ,

O cea nus a n d S at ur n So m e sa y there were six a n d so m e

.
,

sa y twe l ve O ur Eng lish word Tit a nic is derived there

.

fro m .

T it h o n u s
( ti A urora the fair go d des s of ,

da w n m arried Titho nus a n d desiri ng that their felicity

, ,

m ight n ever be i n terrupted i n voked the gods to bestow ,

upo n her husba nd i m m orta l ity but forgot to coup l e it ,

2 08 TI TYU S — T R ID EN T

with perpetua l youth Tithon us grew o l d a n d feeb le . .

H avi ng l ost his char m s Aurora cha n ged him i nto a grass ,

hopper which m oults as it grows o l d a n d thus beco m es ,

youn g agai n .

T it yu s ( tit ) A gia n t s o n of-Jupiter

1 us whose prostrate
.

body covered ni n e acres Fo r i n sul ti n g D ian a he was .

cast i nto the in n er m ost he l l where h e was chai ned a n d , ,

l ike P ro m etheus a vu lture feeds u n ceasi ngl y upo n his,

l iver .

T o il . See A t la s S isyp hu s
, .

T o mb s. See M a nes .

T o n gu e . S ee Ter eus .

T o n it tru
r u a l is ( t on - i- The Thun derer a tit l e ,

appl ied to Jupiter Sa m e . as To nd us .

T o o th . See Teet h .

T o w e r s. S ee C ybele .

T ra c h in ia ( tra -k in 1 -a
) The land where Herc ul e s died .

T r a ge d y . S ee M elp o mene .

T ra v e l e r s. S ee P a lcem o n .

T rea c h ery . See Lyc o m ed es , N ysa s , P o lyxena .

T rees . See C yp r ess ( C yp a r iss us ) , La ur el

A sh ( Ygd ra s il ) ,

D
( pa hn e) ,
Lind en ( B a u c is) M ulber ry ( Pyra mu s) , llI yr t le ,

( Myrrha ) , Oa k ( P hile m o n , E rysic ht ho n) P op la r ( H eli ,

a d es ) P ine ( A t t is ) A r ist ce us H elena M ilo N ymp hs

, , , , , ,

T r ib u l a t io n . S ee E c hid na .

T r id ent . S ee N ep t u ne N ereid es , ,
2 10
"
Ta rr o m s —r no x
such a terrib le d in with his tru m pet as to cause th e m to
retire feari n g the approach o f so m e horrib l e m o n ster
, .

T r it o n is t is ) O m yth rega
t ri ds M i erva as hav
’

( e n n e - r n

in g sprun g fro m N eptu n e a n d a n y m ph n a m ed Trito n is .

There w a s a lso a l ake n a m ed Trito n is .

T r it o Son s o f Triton i n ferior

ns . deities who b le w , sea -

upo n their she l l trum pets to soothe the rest l ess waves
o f t he s ea They were represe nted as a kin d of m erm en
.
,

ha lf m a n hal f dolphi n ,
.

T r iv ia ( triv ) A n a m e give n to D ia
1 -a n a.because sh e

presided over a ll p l aces where three roads m e t .

T r te z tre An a n cie n t city in A rga l is , the

’

en e (
birthp lace of Theseus .

T r o il u s ( t r0 1 - lu s ) . Y ou n gest so n of P ria m , who was

capture d a nd put to death by A chi l l es .

T r oj a ns . The i n habita n ts of an cien t Troy .

'
T r o p h o n iu s ( tro fo i - n u s)
- a n cie n t architect who
. An
had a n oracl e in a cave at La b a d ea which Jupiter c o n ,

sul t e d .

T ro s ( tr es ) . See Ga nym ed e .

T ro y The .fa m ous city whose co n quest by the Greeks

for m s the subject of H om er s I liad I t is suppose d t o ’
.

have occupied a s light e levatio n near the foot o f M oun t

I d a in Mysia a n d n earl y surrou n ded by the river S e a
, ,

m a n der but its l ocatio n is in dispute a n d so m e eve n

, ,

d oubt that it ever existed The fou n di n g o f the ki n g

-
.

d o m is a scribed t c Teu cer whose g ra n dso n was Tros

f
,

who was the father o f I lus who c a lled the city I li um ,

 TR UM P E TE R S — TY N D A R E U S 2 11

after hi m se l f a n d a lso Troja after Tros his father The

, ,
.

c lassic poets say that the wa ll s of the city w ere bui lt by

the m agi c S ou n d of A po ll o s lyre The date of the taki ng ’
.

of the c ity after a t e n years siege is usua lly pl aced at

,
’

1 18 4 B 0 See A chilles A ga m emno n Aj a x D a rd a nus

. .
, , , ,

H ec t o r H elen H er c u les , P a ris , P ria m , Ulysses

, ,
.

T rum p et ers . See Trit ons .

T r ut h . A d aughter of Ti m e . See As trea .

T uc c ia vestal V irg i n w ho whe n charged

( t u k
’

s h i-a) . . A ,

with offe n se gave proof o f her purity by carryin g water

,

in a sieve fro m the Tiber to t h e te m p le D uri n g o n e .

thou sa n d years o nly eightee n vesta ls fai led to keep their

vows .

T ur n u s A riva l of ZEn ea s for the ha nd of Lavi nia

. ,

daughter o f Lati nus ki n g of Latiu m ,

.

T u t e l in a ( tu te - G oddess of gra naries . A rura l

divin ity .

T yc h e very ear ly ti m es m en b el ieved that

In
c ha n ce or luck or fortu n e a n d fate ru l ed in hu m a n
, , ,

affairs The Greeks ca lled this goddess Tyc he t he

.

Ro m an s F o r t una The Parc ae o r Fates were her sis

, .
, ,

ters .

T yd eus ( tid e
’
-u s
) . See Theba n Wa r
T yn d a reus (t in -da
re ) The foster father of H el e n ’
-u s .
-
,

who to avoid i n curri n g the e nm ity o f her m a n y suitors

, ,

suffered her to choose fo r herse l f a n d ob liged a ll the ,

riva ls t o take a n oath that they wou l d be satisfied with

her choice a n d assist her husba n d in wh a teve r e nter
,

pri s es he m ight engage .

2 12 T Y P H O EU S — U LY S S E S

T yp h o eus ( ti —
fo e -u s )
’

. A ccordi n g to H esiod he w a s a ,

m o n ster
gia nt , so n of Terra a nd Tartarus a nd ide nti c a l
,

with Typho n .

T yp h o n hun dred headed m o nster who m ade

A - -

war agai n st the go d s w a s put to flight by Jupiter s thun

,
’

d er b o l t s a n d i m priso n ed u n der Mo un t j Et n a
, Mi l t o n .

describes him as e ndi n g in s naky twi ne I n Egyptia n .

m ytho l ogy t h e god who strove to u n do a l l the good

acco m p l ished by O siris .

Ul l er I n N orse m ythol ogy

the stepson o f Thor , .

H e w a s go d of wi n ter a n d wi n ter sports a n d presided ,

s pec ia l l v over archery a n d d ue l s .

U l ys s e s ( u A fa m ous ki ng of I tha ca so n o f
°

A n tic lea a n d Laertes , or pe rhaps o f S isyphus H e

, , .

feign ed m ad n ess that he m ight esc a pe goi n g to the

Trojan war in order t hat he m igh t be wi t h h is wife
,

P e n e l ope but the trick was discovered a n d he beca m e

, ,

o n e o f the m ost n o t ed w arriors a gai n st Tro y H e se .

cured the po i so ned arrows o f H ercu les a nd used them ,

with great effect ; he e n ab led P aris to shoot o ne o f

the m i nto the hee l o f A chi lles a n d thus s lay that ,

charm ed cham pio n O n his return to G reece he was

.
,

take n priso ner by the C ycl opes bu t escaped ( see P o ly ,

p h em u s ).A t E o l ia he p u t a ll the wi n ds o f heave n in

bags but whe n they reached I thaca the sai lors thi n king
, ,

t o fi n d go l d ope n ed the bags a n d they were a l l b low n

—
, ,

back agai n to ZEolia ( see E o lu s ) H e was S hipwrecked .

o n the is la n d o f JEea a nd C irce the e n cha n tress tur n ed

, , ,

a l l his co m pa n io n s i n to swi n e but U lysses co m pe lled,

her t o res t or e the m t o th eir h um a n for m a gai n ( s ee

21 4 U R GU S — V EN E R ALIA

Ur g u s One of the n a m es of Pluto .

U r sa M a j o r. See C a list r o .

U r s a M in o r. S ee A r ea s .

U su r e r s . S ee Ja ni .

U t ga rd L o k i (ut gard l o ke ) I n Norse m yt ho l ogy a

’ ’
.
,

gia nt o f U tgard , visited b y Thor .

V a lh a l la
( The te
val m p l e o f i m m orta l ity ,

whither by directio n o f O di n the sou ls of those who are

, ,

s lain in battle are born e by the va l kyries

, .

V a l i ( va l e) . The N orse god of archery .

V a l l e ys . S ee V a llo nia .

V a l l o n ia ( v a l -l o i ’
n -a ) . G oddess of va lleys .

V a runa ( ) The H i
v a ru -n a n doo god o f waters ; origi
.

n al ly the guardia n of i m m orta l ity truth a nd right a n d , , ,

pun isher of evi l .

V a se . S ee A loeus .

'
V ed iu s ( ve di -us
) . Sam e as V ej o vis .

V e ge t a t io n . S ee P roserp ine .

V e o v is
j ( v ej o—vis ) Litt l e'
Jupiter a n a m e app.l ied to ,

Jupi t er whe n he appeared without his thu nder .

'
V ej u p it e r( j u pi ter )
ve -S a m e as V ej o vis - .
.

V -
e n e r a l ia ( v en e -ra l i -a) A n annual festiva l in ho nor
’
.

o f V e nus co n sisti n g chiefly o f n octur n a l da n ces a nd

,

passio nate e n joym e nts in garde ns a nd bowers .

 V EN GEAN C E — vnnns 21 5

V e nge a n c e . See N emes is , E rinys , R evenge .

V e n il ia ( -
ve n
’
—
il i a ) . A Ro m a n sea - goddess re se m b li ng
A m phitrite .

V en u s ( ve n us )
’
G oddess of beauty a n d m other of l ove .

Som e of the qua lities of the earl ier Greek Aphrodite

were doubt less borrowed fro m the P hoe n icia n goddess .

Astarte I n those parts o f G reece where the Ph oe n icia n s

.

had m ade sett l e m e n ts the fu nctio n o f protectress of ,

co m m erce was m ade pro m i n e n t in her worship H o m er .

describes her as the daughter o f Jupiter a n d D io ne ;

He siod regards her as the offspri n g o f U ra n us bor n o f the
foa m of the sea S he was im m ediate ly take n to O ly m
.

pus where the gods were a l l charm ed with her exceedi n g

beauty She m arried V u lca n b u t perm it t ed the atte n
.
,
\

tio n s of the other gods particular ly o f Mars to who m , ,

sh e bore A n t era s C upid a n d H er m io n e,

S he the n fe ll ,
.

in l ove with the beautifu l A do n is which c aused her to ,

l eave O ly m pus H e was ki l l ed by a wi l d boar a n d

.
,

V e n us besought Jupiter to restore his l ife b ut Pl uto ,

bei n g u n w i lli ng to have him leave H ades they co m pro ~ ,

m ised by givi n g A do nis perm issio n to l ive o n the earth

duri n g the su m m er but requiri ng his return to the ,

n ether regio n s duri ng t he w i nter .

As goddess of l ove V e n us had m u ch t o d o with the ,

m a ny l ove m yths such as H ero a n d Lea n der P yra m us

, ,

a n d Thisbe Echo a n d N arcissus P yg m a l io n a n d Ga l atea

, , ,

C upid a n d Psyche I n direc tl y s he was the cause o f the

.

Troja n war (s ee P a ris ) The c lassic poets have give n .

her m any n a m es the m ost co m m o n bei n g A phrodite

, ,

A starte C ypria C ythera Pa phia a n d U ra n ia a lso

, ,
the , , ,

l aughter l ovi ng goddess The o n l y a n i m a l that m ight

”
- - .
2 16 V ER TI C O R D I A —V I C TOR Y

be sacrificed to her was a white goat but i n ce nse al on e ,

was usual ly off ered o n her al tars H er atte n dan ts were .

C upids the G races a n d the H orae

, , .

'
V er t ic o rd
( ver ti
iacor di ) A tit l e
- app l ied
- to V enus -a .
,

signifyi g the power o f ove to cha nge the hard hearted

n l - .

The correspo n di n g ter m in Greek was Epist rophia .

V ert um n u s ( ver The Ro m a n god who presided

over orchards a n d garde n s S o m e m ythol ogists say he .

was god o f spri ng other s o f the seaso ns H is wife w a s ,

.

P o m o n a goddess o f fruits a n d orchards

, .

V e st a D aughter Rh ea w a s the of C ro n us a nd ,

goddess o f the hearth a n d fire a n d the guardian a nd ,

protectress o f fa m i ly life Though wooed by Neptun e .

a n d a l so b y A po l l o her request to re m ai n u n m arried

’

w a s gra n ted by Jupiter H er specia l charge was t o care

.

for a n d protect a n oted statue of Mi nerva before which

the V esta l V irgi n s her faithfu l priestesses kept a fire
, ,

con sta ntly burn i n g S a m e as H est ia . .

V e st a or V esta l V irgi n s P riest esses o f V esta They

ls .
.

were chose n fro m the bes t fa m il ies a n d were un der ,

a sol e m n vow to l ive lives o f perfect chastity S ix o f .

these were in co n sta n t atte n da n ce a n d the fire was kept ,

co nstantl y burn i n g S ee Tuc c ia . .

V ia l is ( vi A n a m e of Mercury as presiding over

road bui l di n g .

V ic e. See K a k ia .

V ic t o ictoria O ne o f the atte n da nts o f Jupiter

r y or V .
,

said to have bee n the daughter o f Styx a nd A cheron .

See N icep horus N ik e , .

 V ULC A N A LI A —W ED GE
m a k i ng Jun o s thro n e but in t he aegis a nd scepter
of
’
,

which he wrought for Jupiter the arm or fo r A ch illes ,

a n d M e m n o n a n d the fa m ous n e t with Which he caught

,

M ars a n d his u n faithfu l wife V e n us H e form ed Pa n .

dora o u t of cl ay H is servants were the Cyc l opes a n d

.
,

they he l ped h im to forge Jupiter s thu n der bo lts He ’

.

was the patro n deity of b l acks m iths a n d as the s m el ter ,

a n d softe n er of m eta l s he i s ca l l ed M u lcibe r , .

'
V u l c a n a l ia
( a i L ike t he H e-
p aest a these
vul c a -n l -a )
h i .
,

were great fes t iva ls in ho nor o f V ul ca n A n i m a ls a n d .

fis hes of certai n ki n ds were cas t i n to the fire a nd burn ed

to death .

W a nd . See C a d uceus .

W a r. S ee B ello na C hembs , M a rs E nyo .

W a t er . See C a nop us .

W a t er N ym p h s . S ee D o ris , N mp hs y .

W a ves . S ee H a lie ,
N egsa ie .

W a x T a b let s . See C a lliop e .

W ea lth . See C uvera ,

M o net a .

W ea p o ns . See P o rp hyrio n .

W e a v in g . S ee E rga t o s , A r a c hne, F a t es , Lina , N ew s

W eb . S ee W ea ving .

W ed d in g F e a st . See M a rria ge ,
N up t ia ls , P irit hous ,
P a ris .

W e d ge . S ee D aed a lu s .
 WE ED I N G —wo o r 21 9

W eed in g . S ee R un c ina .

W e ig h ts a nd M ea su r e s . See M erc ury .

W e st -
lW in d . See F a vo niu s Wind s .

W h eel . S ee I xio n .

W if e h o o d . S ee Telea , Z ygia .

W in d -g o d s pri n cipa l wi n d gods were Boreas the

. The -
,

n orth wi n d ; E u rus
- the east wi n d ; N otus the south
-
, ,

wi n d ; a nd Z ephyrus the west wi n d They are the o ff

-
,
.

spri n g of Eo s a n d Astraeus These a n d others were per .

s o n ifie d a n d represe nted o n the Tower of the W i nd s

at Athe n s .

W in d S ee Ap elio t es , A ur a Au r o r a , A u st er , B o r ea s ,
s. ,

E uru s, F a vo niu s , F r o , H ipp o t es , Lip s , M a ru t s , N o t u s

P a va n , Z ep hyr .

W in g s . S ee D aed a lu s P a nd o r a , ,
P erseu s .

W in e . See B a c c hus N ymp hs , S a c r ifices , S ur a d evi

, .

W in t er. See Uller .

W is d o m . C hir o n , M im ir , M iner va , P it t heu s , P o lleur .

W o d en . Sa m e as Od in . See Od in , D a ys f
o t he Week .

W o lf . See Lyc a o nia n F oo d M ilo , .

W o rn e n s
’
S a fe g u a rd . S ee Ju no nes , S o sp it a .

W o n d er s . See “
S even Wo nd er s o f t he W o rld .

W o o d pec k er . See A ugur y B ir d s , P icus

,
.

W o o d s . S ee D rya d s , N ymp hs , S ilva nus .

W o of . S ee W ea ving .
22 0 W OR LD —Z E TH U S

W o rld . S ee C ha os , Gcea , Terr a .

W r e st l in g . See Ga m es .

Xa n t h u s horse that spoke with a A chi ll es

’

hu m a n voice The na m e o f a lyric po et The n a m e o f

. .

G reek historia n The n a m e o f a ri v e r o f Troas the S o a

.
,

m a n der The n a m e o f a n a n cie n t city o f A sia Mi n or

. .

Ya m a The H i n doo god o f departed spirits a n d -

the j udge a n d pu n isher o f t he d ead H is g t r m e nt s are .

o f the co l or o f fire a nd his ski n i s a b l uish gree n

, .

Y gd r a s il i
( g d r
’
—
a s il ) . The n o t ed Sca n di n avia n a sh - tree
where the gods m et in dai ly cou n ci l .

Y m ir The N orse god correspondin g to C haos of

the G reeks .

Yo ut h ,
P e rp e t u a l . See H ebe I d u na, , Tit ho nu s .

Z ep h yr Th e W est -wi n d . The

g flowers od of .

S on of A str aeus a nd A urora , a nd husban d o f Flora S ee .

F a vo niu s , Wind d
- o
g s .

Z e p h yr u s i-rus ) S am e as Zephyr
’
z ef
( . .

Z et es — H e a n d his brother C alais the wi n ged ,

son s o f Boreas drove the H arpies fro m Thrace

,
.

Z et h us Jupiter a n d An tiope a n d twi n

S on of ,

brother of A m phio n Lycus the secon d husba n d of . ,

Antiope put her away that h e m ight m arry D irce

,
.

Z ethus a n d Am phio n haste n ed t o Thebes besieged a n d ,

 S LI PS O F S PEEC H
BY JO HN H B EC HTEL .

Autho r of
“
Ha ndboo k of Pro nunciatio n ,

“
Prac tica l Syno ny ms
”
et c, .

lo th Bi nding 50 Cent?
S

HELPFUL b o o k fo r e very o ne for who is free

.
,
“
fro m o c c a s i o na l s l i ps o f s pee c h
,
”
a nd w ho ,

is t he re t ha t w o ul d no t l i k e t o ha v e a fri e nd t o
re m i nd h i m of t he m ? He re is a b o o k t o a c t t he
r t o f s uc h a fri e nd — a fri e nd t oo t ha t w i l l ne v er
p a

t i re o f y o ur quest i o ns a nd is ev e r a t y o ur c a l l .

The s ub j ect is t rea t ed in a n i nt e re st i ng w a y by

o ne who is pe c ul i a rl y qua l i fie d fo r it , a nd gi v es t he

res ul t s of y e a rs of expe ri e nc e a nd o b s erv a t i o n .

I t is no t a c o l l ec t i o n of d ry d et a i l s , b ut is fres h ,

no v e l , a nd w i nni ng, a nd w ri t t e n in a n i nt ere s t i ng

a nd c ha t t y ma nne r I t is pra c t i c a l a nd phi l o s oph
.

“
i c a l , not b ei ng merel y a c o l l ec t i o n of D o nt s ,
’

but gi v i ng a l s o t he re a s o ns fo r no t d o i ng a ll b e i ng ,

e nforc e d by a n a b und a nc e of exa mpl es , s ho w i ng not

o nl y t he i nc orrec t b ut a l s o t he c o rrec t fo rms of e x

pre ss o n i .

Fo r ge ne ra l re a d i ng it w i l l be fo und b ot h e njo y - r

a b l e a nd profit a b l e , w hi l e t he v ery c o mpl e t e i nd ex

wi l l ma k e it v a ua l bl e as a b oo k of c o nv e n e nt refe r
i "

enc e .

S ol d by a ll b oo k sel l ers ,
or s e nt p p
re a id upo n
rec e i pt of i pr c e .

THE P EN N P UB LI S HI N G C O MPAN Y
9 3
2 A rc h S t reet P hi l a del phia .
 BY JO HN H . B EC HTEL
Autho r “
Practical Syno nym s,
“
Temperance Selec t io ns,
”
of etc.

C lo th Binding 50 C ent s

O ME b o ok s ma d e : ot he rs w T hi s wo rk
S
a re gro .

is t he o ut gro wt h of fift e e n y ea rs of pra c t i c a l

experi e nce in t ea c hi ng o rt ho e py . I t c o nt a i ns o v e r
fiv e t ho us a nd c a reful l y se l ec t ed w o rd s of d i ffic ul t
p r o nu n c i a t i o n a l pha b et i c a l l y a rra nge d . A c l ose

o b se rv a t i o n of t he fa ul t s a nd pe c ul i a ri t i es of pro nun
c ia t i o n of pub l i c re a ders , l ec t ure rs , c l e rgy me n, a nd

a ll ot her c l a s s es , ha s e na b l ed t he a ut ho r t o c o l l a t e

a nd prese nt s uc h wo rd s a s a re mo st l i a b l e t o be
mi spro no unc ed . I n a dd i t i o n t o t he c opi o us l i st s of
word s of o rd i na ry use , ma ny geogra phi c a l , bio
g pr a h i c a l , h i st o r i c a l ,
m y t ho l o gi c a l , s c ie n t ifi c ,
a n d
t ec hni c a l t erms of d i f fic ul t pro nunc i a t i o n a re gi v e n .

Fo rei gn w o rd s in fre que nt us e b ut not yet a ngl i c i zed

a re d i st i ngui s hed by a d i ffere nc e in t y e
p .

Tw o fo rm s of pro nunc i a t i o n a re gi v en . The first

empl o y s a s fe w d i a c ri t i c a l ma rk s a s i b l n d i
p oss e , a s
des i gned for t ho s e t o who m s uc h ma rk s a re a st um ‘

b l i ng b l o c k i nst ea d of a hel p The sec o nd is a c l o se

.

p h o n e t i c a n a l y s i s of t he w or d ,
m w h i c h e v e ry v o w e l
is ma rk ed , ev ery nec ess a ry s i gn e mpl oy ed , e very
s i l e nt l et t e r o mi t t ed , a nd e v ery a cc ent , i m y n d
.

p r a r a
sec o nd a ry , c a reful l y not ed .

S o l d by a ll b o o k s el l ers or se nt , prepa i d , upo n

ec e ipt of pri c e .

THE P EN N P UB LI S HI N G C O MP AN Y

9 2 3 Arc h S t re e t , P hi l a d e l phia
 JO HN H B EC HT EL
.

Autho r o f Handbo o k of Pro nunciatio n

Temperance Selectio ns ,
”
Et c .

Goth Binding 50 C ents

Y
O UR po rt ra i t is t he represe nt a t i o n of y o ur phy s i
c a l b e i ng ; y o ur wo rd s a re t he t ra ns c ri pt of
y o ur mi nd .

The po rt ra i t a nd t he wo rds a re a l i k e v a l ued in

ju s t s o fa r a s t he y a re t he t rue e x p re s s i o n o f t ha t
fo r whi c h t hey s t a nd .

We ma y not a ll be pa i nt ers o r sc ul pt ors , but we

ma y a ll b ec o me a rt i st s in w o rds I n t he l a ngua ge
.

of t he w orl d s gre a t es t w ord a rt i st ,

’ “ ’
t is a c o n ~
s umma t i o n d e v o ut l y t o be w i s hed
”
.

T hi s v o l ume w i l l c o nt ri b ut e l a rgel y t o t ha t e nd .

Av oi d i ng t he t ed i ous prol i xi t y of t he mo re s c ho l a rl y
wo rk s o n t he o ne ha nd , a nd t he mo re fa t a l m i s t a k e
of a n i ns uf fic i e nc y of rel a t ed wo rd s o n t he ot her,
P ra ct i c a l S y no ny ms wi l l be found t o meet t he
Wa nt s of t he b usy merc ha nt o r l a wy er, t he
tho ught ful c l ergy ma n o r t ea c her, a nd t he w i de
awa k e s c hoo l boy o r gi rl who is a mbi t i ous t o
express t he t hought s of t he mi nd in mo re fit t i ng
h a s e t ha n t he c rud e s l a ng t ha t t oo o ft e n fo rms
p r
l
t h e ir s o e v e r a b l c a pi t a l .

S ol d by a ll b oo k sel l ers or s e nt , p p
re a id , p
u on
rec e i pt of pri c e.

THE PEN N P UB LI S HI NG C O MP AN Y
9 2 3 Arc h S t re et , Phil a d e l phia
LLJL 9
?