LET Reviewer: MAPEH major –

ELEMENTS OF MUSIC, ART, PE, and HEALTH

ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
• Rhythm- the variation of the accentuation of sounds over time and the way music is organized in time.
 Pulse- steady Recurring beat
 Melodic Rhythm- the rhythm of melody or words
 Meter- beats organized into recognizable accent patterns
• Melody- a series of tones sounding in succession
 Pitch- a subjective sensation, reflecting generally the lowness or highness of a sound
 Dynamics- volume of a sound or note (musical notation used to indicate dynamics)
• Timbre- known as tone color (quality of sound)
• Harmony- the way melodies interact with one another
• Texture- refers to the number of individual musical lines and the relationship these lines have to one
another.
 Monophony- music with only one or no accompaniment
 Homophony- music with two or more notes sounding at the same time or chordal accompaniment
 Polyphony- music with two or more notes sounding at the same time or with counterpoint melody.
• Tempo- speed or pace of a given piece
• Form- refers to overall structure or plan of a piece of music
 Binary- a musical form in two related sections, both of which are usually repeated. (AABB)
 Ternary- a three-part musical form where the first section (A) is repeated after the second section (B)
ends. It is usually schematized as ABA.
 Strophic- the term applied to songs in which all verses or stanzas of the text are sung to the same music
(unrelieved repetition) (AAAA..)
 Rondo- has a recurring theme alternating with different (usually contrasting) sections called “episodes”.
It may be symmetrical (ABACABA) or asymmetrical (ABACADAEA)

ELEMENTS OF ART
• Line- refers to the continuous mark made on some surface by a moving point
• Shape- an enclosed space
• Color- produced when light striking an object and reflected back to the eye
• Value- lightness or darkness of a color
• Space- distances or areas around, between or within components of a piece
• Form- the whole of a piece’s visible elements and the way those elements are united
• Balance- ways in which the elements (lines, shapes, colors, textures. Etc.) of a pieces are arranged
• Repetition- occurs over and over again in a composition
• Contrast- arrangement of the opposite elements (light vs. dark, rough vs. smooth)
• Emphasis- a piece is given dominance by the artist.
• Proportion- describes the size, location, or amount of one element to another or to the whole
• Harmony- brings together a composition with similar units

PHYSICAL EDUCATION
• Physical Fitness- a set of abilities needed to perform physical activity, also your ability to carry out tasks
without undue fatigue
• Physical Activity- any bodily movement produced by the contraction of muscles
• Components of Physical Fitness
 Health-Related Components- those factors that are related to how well the systems of your body work.
(body condition)
 Cardiovascular Fitness/ Endurance: ability of the circulatory systems (heart and blood vessels) supply
oxygen to working muscles during exercises
 Body Composition: the relative percentage of body fat compared to lean body mass (muscle, bone,
water, etc.)
 Flexibility: ability of joints in the body to move to their full range of motion
 Muscular Strength: amount of force that can be produced by a single contraction of muscle
 Muscular Endurance: ability of a muscle group to continue muscle movement over length of time
 Skill-Related Components- those aspects of fitness which form the basis for successful sport or activity
participation. It refers to body performance.
 Speed: ability to cover a distance in a short period of time.
 Agility: ability of the body to change position and direction quickly
 Balance: ability to maintain and sustain an upright posture or equilibrium while still moving
 Coordination: ability to use the senses together
 Reaction Time: the interval time between the presentation of a stimulus and the initiation of the
muscular response to that stimulus
 Power: the product of strength and speed

HEALTH
• Health- state of complete, physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease
of infirmity.
• Holistic- concerned with wholes rather than analysis or separation into parts
• Holistic health- harmony and balance in all aspect of health- physical, mental, emotional, social, and
moral-spiritual
• 5 DOMAINS
• Physical Health- state of the body its compositions , development, functions, and maintenance
• Mental or Intellectual Health- refers to cognitive ability and skills to improve one’s quality of life
• Emotional Health- our ability to accept and cope with our own and others feelings
• Social Health- ability to build and maintain harmoniously and satisfying relationships
• Moral-Spiritual Health- refers to one’s faith, beliefs, and values

PHYSICAL FITNESS: SKILL-RELATED COMPONENTS

AGILITY
ability to change the body`s position and direction fast. (Zigzag running or cutting movements)
BALANCE
The ability to control the body`s position, either stationary or while moving. (handstand, gymnastic
stunt)
COORDINATION
ability to move body parts smoothly and accurately in response to what your senses tell you.
POWER
ability to perform one maximum effort/force in a short period of time as possible
REACTION TIME
the time it takes to respond to a stimulus.
SPEED
ability to move your body or part of your body quickly.

PHYSICAL FITNESS: HEALTH-RELATED COMPONENTS

BODY COMPOSITION
Refers to the relative amount of muscle, fat, bone and other vital parts of the body, important to consider
for health and managing your weight
CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS
The ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply fuel during sustained physical activity.
FLEXIBILITY
or limberness refers to the range of movement in a joint or series of joints, and length in muscles that
cross the joints to induce a bending movement or motion.
MUSCULAR ENDURANCE
the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to sustain repeated contractions against a resistance for an
extended period of time.
MUSCULAR STRENGTH
defined as the maximum amount of force that a muscle can exert against some form of resistance in a
single effort.
FITT stands for:
FREQUENCY (HOW OFTEN)
number of training sessions that are performed during a given period (usually one week)
INTENSITY (HOW HARD)
an individual’s level of effort, compared with their maximal effort, which is usually expressed as a
percentage.
TIME (HOW LONG)
duration of a workout (including warm-up and cool-down) or the length of time spent in training
TYPE
mode of physical activity
KINDS OF CARRYING AND TRANSPORTING
One-man Transport
1. Fireman’s Carry - the easiest way to transport a light and smaller victim
2. Piggy Back - when the victim is conscious
3. Pack Strap Carry - when the victim is smaller than the first aider
4. Shoulder Drag - used then the floor is smooth, short distance transport
5. Fireman’s Drag (Tied-Hands Crawl) - used when first aider and victim must crawl underneath a low
structure
6. Blanket Drag - used when the victim is seriously injured and should not be lifted

Two-man Carry
1. Chair - (Seat Carry) when there are two first aiders and a chair is available

Three or More-Man Transport

1. Hammock Carry - when there are three first aiders
2. Bearer Alongside - carriers will stay on the uninjured side of victim
3. Six Man Lift - when there are six first aiders

NOTABLE PHILIPPINE PAINTERS AND THEIR WORKS

19TH CENTURY
Jose Honorato Lozano - known for paintings of letras y figures.
Damian Domingo - He headed the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura in 1821. He is known for his paintings of
tipos del pais.
Juan Luna - His work Spoliarium won the gold medal in the 1884 Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Artes.
Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo - Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho won the silver medal in the
1884 Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Artes.

20TH CENTURY -GENRE PAINTERS

Fabian dela Rosa - Women working in a Rice Field (1902)
Fernando Amorsolo Victorio Edades - Fruit Gatherers (1950), Sunday Morning going to Church (1953)
The “Triumvirate of modern art” The Builders (1928)
Galo Ocampo - Brown Madonna (1938), The River of Life (1954)
Carlos “Botong” - Francisco – Harana (1957)
Hernando Ocampo - Homage to Tandang Sora (1977)
Diosdado Lorenzo - ilog ng Cabiao (1970)
Vicente Manansala - Madonna of the Slums (1950)
Cesar Legaspi - Gadgets II (1949)
Anita Magsaysay-Ho - Fruit Vendors (1975)
Jose Joya - Pagdiriwang (1976)
Arturo Luz - Black Form, White Space (1976)

SELECTED CONTEMPORARY ARTISTS

Antipas Delotavo - Itak sa Puso ni Mang Juan (1977)
Benedicto Cabrera - EDSA Event (1986)
Danilo Dalena - Komedya sa Pakil
Onib Olmedo - Mother and Child
Brenda Fajardo - Baraha ng Buhay Pilipino (1989)

NOTABLE PHILIPPINE SCULPTORS

Mariano Madrinian - a santero from Paete, Laguna
Guillermo Tolentino - Bonifacio Monument, UP Oblation
Napoleon Abueva - Judas’ Kiss (1955), Allegorical Harpoon (1964)
Lamberto Hechanova - Crucifix
Abdulmari Imao - Sarimanok (1975)
Eduardo Castrillo - Pieta (1966)
Solomon Saprid - Tikbalang (1971)
Ramon Orlina - Venus V (2006)
Roberto Feleo - Tau-Tao (1994)