FR5224 - Level 3 Anatomy and Physiology Workbook v4

Level 3 Anatomy
and Physiology Workbook
IMPORTANT: YOU MUST COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING DETAILS BEFORE RETURNING THIS WORKBOOK TO LIFETIME
Name of learner I confirm this is all my own work.
Signature Date
Email address
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LEVEL 3 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WORKBOOK
Contents
Contents Page
Section 1 Circulatory system 4
Section 2 Musculoskeletal system anatomy and physiology 11
Section 3 Musculoskeletal system movement 21
Section 4 Posture, core stability & flexibility 26
Section 5 Nervous system 35
Section 6 Endocrine system 42
Section 7 Energy systems 46
Section 8 Appendix – Assessment criteria 48
An introduction to your assessment workbook

This assessment workbook following unit A/600/9051 Level 3 Anatomy and physiology for exercise and health.
What do I need to do?

You must answer ALL of the questions within each section of this assessment workbook in full.
YOU MUST ACHIEVE 100% ON ALL QUESTIONS TO PASS.
What happens if I refer?

If you answer any of the questions incorrectly you will receive feedback from your assessor. You will need to re-attempt
these questions and submit them again for marking. You can re-attempt the questions as many times as you require.
3
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Section 1 - Circulatory System
1. Identify the 4 valves in the heart and explain the function of each.
AC 1.1
2. Describe what is meant by the term coronary circulation.

AC 1.2
4
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3a. Explain how the structure of blood vessels can be affected by disease
AC 1.3
3b. Using the answer you have provided in Q3a, explain how the function of blood vessels will be affected
AC 1.3
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4a. What are the ACSM guideline for the following categories of blood pressure
AC 1.6
Normal
Hypertension
Hypotension
4b. What are the health risks associated with the blood pressure categories provided in Q4a
AC 1.6
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5. Explain the short AND long term effects of exercise on blood pressure, include (where relevant) how the valsalva
effect would be involved AC 1.4
6. Explain three cardiovascular benefits and three risks of endurance training or aerobic exercise
AC 1.5
6a. Benefits
1.
2.
3.
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6b. Risks
1.
2.
3.
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Circulatory System (Anatomy and Physiology for Exercise) Assessment Decision and Feedback
This section will be completed by your assessor
Assessment Decision (Pass / Refer)
I can confirm that the result given to the learner is based on a true reflection of the work seen has been assessed for
validity, authenticity, currency & sufficiency.
Assessor's signature Date
What did you do very well?
What could you improve / might you want to consider in the future?
What additional work is required in order for you to pass?
I, the learner have received my feedback and am happy that I understand my result, strengths, weaknesses, and
what actions, If any, are required from me to pass this assessment in the future.
Learner's signature Date
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Qu. No. Learner amendments
Assessor feedback
Assessment decision (Pass / Refer)
Assessment signature Date
10
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Section 2 - M
usculoskeletal System
Anatomy & Physiology
1. Explain in more the detail the following structures that together make up individual muscle fibres.
AC 2.1
1a. Nucleus
1b. Mitochondria
1c. Myofibrils
1d. Cell walls
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2. Describe the sliding filament theory and how it brings about muscle contraction .
AC 2.2
3. Explain the effects the following exercises have on muscle fibre types
AC 2.3
Exercise Muscle fibre(s) best suited to Explanation of the effect exercise has on the muscle
type the exercise fibre(s)
Aerobic
endurance
Muscular
endurance
Hypertrophy
Strength
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4a. Explain the function(s) of skeletal muscle and how it brings about movement
AC 2.5
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4b. Fill in the labels below to identify the anterior muscles of the body
AC 2.5
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4c. Fill in the labels below to identify the posterior muscles of the body
AC 2.5
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5. Identify the muscle, origin and insertion and joint actions in the of the following diagrams
AC 2.4
a. Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Joint actions
b. Muscles
Origin
Insertion
Joint actions
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c. Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Joint actions
d. Muscles
Origin
Insertion
Joint actions
e. Muscles
Origin
Insertion
Joint actions
f. Muscles
Origin
Insertion
Joint actions
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g. Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Joint actions
h. Muscles
Origin
Insertion
Joint actions
i. Muscles
Origin
Insertion
Joint actions
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Musculoskeletal system - anatomy and physiology (Anatomy and Physiology for Exercise) Assessment
Decision and Feedback
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Assessor feedback
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Section 3 - M
usculoskeletal System
Movement
1. Complete the table below identifying the plane of movement, axis and joint actions for the exercises provided
AC 2.6.
Exercise Plane of Movement Axis Joint actions
Squat
Chest
Press
Lateral
Raise
Star Jump
Wood
Chop
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1. Explain the joint actions brought about by the concentric and eccentric contractions of the following muscle
group(s) AC 2.7.
Muscle group Explanation of joint actions
Latissimus Dorsi
Obliques
Gluteus Maximus
Tibialis Anterior
Semimembranosus
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3. Describe the structure of the following joints relating your answer to injury risk, range of movement potential and
joint actions AC 2.8/2.9.
Muscle group Joint structure related to injury risk and range of movement potential and joint actions
Shoulder
Knee
Cervical
Vertebra
4. Describe the structure of the pelvic girdle, include all relevant muscles and ligaments in your answer
AC 2.10
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Musculoskeletal system - movement (Anatomy and Physiology for Exercise) Assessment Decision and Feedback
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Assessor feedback
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Section 4 - Posture, Core
Stability & Flexibility
1a. Name the stabilising muscles of the spine and describe their structure and function
AC 3.1
1b. Name the ligaments involved in stabilising the spine and describe their structure and function
AC 3.1
26
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2. Describe the changes in the inner and outer unit muscles when the core is not functioning effectively to stabilise
the spine AC 3.2
3. Explain the effects of high levels of abdominal fat and poor posture on movement efficiency
AC 3.3
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LEVEL 3 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE
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LEVEL 3 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE
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4. Identify the postural deviations below and explain potential problems associated with each
33. Identify
AC 3.4 the postural deviations below and explain one potential problem associated AC 3.3/3.4
33. Identify the postural deviations below and explain one potential problem associated AC 3.3/3.4
with each:
with each:
a. Postural deviation:
a. a. Postural deviation
Postural deviation:
Postural problem:
Postural problem:
Postural problem
b. Postural deviation:
b. Postural deviation
b. Postural deviation:
Postural problem:
Postural problem
Postural problem:
34. What core conditioning exercises would you include in the programme of a client who was new to
exercise? Explain
5a. What why?
core conditioning exercises would you include in a programme for a client new to exercise and explain why
34. What core
AC 3.5
conditioning exercises would you include in the programme of a client who was new to
exercise? Explain why? AC 3.5
AC 3.5 Section 4
Section 4
25
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5b. Explain the implications of the following

AC 3.5
A client with high blood pressure performing the plank
A client with osteoporosis performing sit ups
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6. Complete the table below to explain the following for each type of stretch given AC 2.8/2.9.
Benefits of the stretch
When would you use the stretch and why?
What are the associated risks with the stretch?
Benefits of the stretch When would you use the What are the associated
stretch and why? risks with the stretch?
Static
(active)
Static
(passive)
Dynamic
PNF
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7a. Explain the function of muscle proprioceptors

AC 4.6
7b. Explain how muscle proprioceptors are used in the stretch reflex
AC 4.6
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8a. Explain reciprocal inhibition
AC 4.7
8b. Explain when you would use reciprocal inhibition with your clients
AC 4.7
32
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Posture, core stability & flexibility (Anatomy and Physiology for Exercise) Assessment Decision and Feedback
33
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Assessor feedback
34
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Section 5 - N
ervous System
1. Describe the roles of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
AC 4.1
1b. Describe the role of the two functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system
AC 4.1
Functional division Role
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2. Describe the role of the following in the nervous system and their role in the transmission of a nerve impulse
AC 4.2
Efferent nerves
Afferent nerves
Neurotransmitters
Proprioceptors
Baroreceptors
36
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3. Describe the structure of a neuron and describe the function of each structure provided
AC 4.3
Structure Function
4. Explain the role of a motor unit

AC 4.4
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5. Explain the process of motor unit recruitment including the following principles
AC 4.5
The all or none principle
Motor unit’s size
Number of muscle fibres innervated
6. Explain the neuromuscular adaptations as a result of exercise/training

AC 4.8
38
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7. Explain the benefits of improved neuromuscular coordination/efficiency to exercise performance

AC 4.9
39
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Nervous system (Anatomy and Physiology for Exercise) Assessment Decision and Feedback
40
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Assessor feedback
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Section 6 - E
ndocrine System
1. Describe the functions of the endocrine system
AC 5.1
2. Identify the major gland or organ found in each of the following locations
AC 5.2
The lower abdomen/pelvic area
In front of the trachea
Upper part of the abdomen in front of the spine
42
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The brain
Above the kidneys
Outside the body in the scrotum
3. Explain the function of the following hormones

AC 5.3
Hormone Function
Growth hormone
Thyroid hormone
Corticosteroids
Catecholamines
(adrenalin and
noradrenaline)
Insulin
Glucagon
43
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Endocrine system (Anatomy and Physiology for Exercise) Assessment Decision and Feedback
44
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Assessor feedback
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Section 7 - Energy Systems
1. Complete the table below to identify the duration, type and intensity of exercise for each of the energy systems
provided AC 6.1
Energy system Duration energy system Types of exercise/ Intensity of exercise/

will fuel exercise/ activity activity
activity
CP system
Lactic Acid system
Aerobic system
2. Identify the by-products of the three energy systems and their significance in muscle fatigue
AC 6.2
Energy system By-products Significance in muscle fatigue
CP system
Lactic Acid system
Aerobic system
46
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3a. Describe the effect endurance training has on fuel utilisation during exercise
AC 6.3
3b. Describe the effect advanced training methods have on fuel utilisation during exercise
AC 6.3
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Energy systems (Anatomy and Physiology for Exercise) Assessment Decision and Feedback
48
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Assessor feedback
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Appendix - Assessment Criteria
Learning Outcomes. The learner will Assessment Criteria. The learner can
1. Understand the heart and circulatory 1.1 Explain the function of the heart valves.
system and its relation to exercise and
1.2 Describe coronary circulation.
health.
1.3 xplain the effect of disease processes on the structure and
E
function of blood vessels.
1.4 xplain the short and long term effects of exercise on blood
E
pressure, including the Valsalva effect.
1.5 xplain the cardiovascular benefits and risks of endurance/

E
aerobic training.
1.6 Define blood pressure classifications and associated health

risks.
2. Understand the musculoskeletal 2.1 Explain the cellular structure of muscle fibres.
system and its relation to exercise.
2.2 Describe the sliding filament theory.
2.3 xplain the effects of different types of exercises on muscle

E
fibre type.
2.4 I dentify and locate the muscle attachment sites for the major
muscles of the body.
2.5 ame, locate and explain the function of skeletal muscle

N
involved in physical activity.
2. Understand the musculoskeletal 2.6 Identify the anatomical axis and planes with regard to joint
system and its relation to exercise. actions and different exercises.
2.7 Explain the joint actions brought about by specific muscle

group contractions.
2.8 escribe joints/joint structure with regard to range of

D
motion/ movement and injury risk.
2.9 Describe joint movement potential and joint actions.
2.10 escribe the structure of the pelvic girdle and associated

D
muscles and ligaments.
50
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3. Understand postural and core 3.1 Describe the structure and function of the stabilising
stability. ligaments and muscles of the spine.
3.2 Describe local muscle changes that can take place due to
insufficient stabilisation.
3.3 Explain the potential effects of abdominal adiposity and poor

posture on movement efficiency.
3.4 Explain the potential problems that can occur as a result of

postural deviations.
3.5 Explain the impact of core stabilisation exercise and the

potential for injury/aggravation of problems.
3.6 Explain the benefits, risks and applications of the following

types of stretching:
Static (passive and active)
Dynamic
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
4. Understand the nervous system and 4.6 Explain the function of muscle proprioceptors and the
its relation to exercise. stretch reflex.
4.7 Explain reciprocal inhibition and its relevance to exercise.
4. Understand the nervous system and 4.1 Describe the specific roles of:
its relation to exercise.
The central nervous system (CNS)
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) including

somatic and autonomic systems
4.2 Describe nervous control and transmission of a nervous

impulse.
4.3 Describe the structure and function of a neuron 4.4 Explain

the role of a motor unit.
4.5 Explain the process of motor unit recruitment and the

significance of a motor unit’s size and number of
muscle fibres.
4.8 Explain the neuromuscular adaptations associated with

exercise/training.
4.9 Understand the nervous system and its relation to exercise.
4.10 Explain the benefits of improved neuromuscular

coordination/ efficiency to exercise performance.
51
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5. Understand the endocrine system 5.1 Describe the functions of the endocrine system.
and its relation to exercise and health.
5.2 Identify the major glands in the endocrine system.
5.3 Explain the function of hormones including:
Growth hormone
Thyroid hormones
Corticosteroids
Catecholamines
Insulin
Glucagon
6. Understand energy systems and their 6.1 Identify the contribution of energy according to:
relation to exercise.
Duration of exercise/activity being performed.
Type of exercise/activity being performed.
Intensity of exercise/activity being performed.
6.2 I dentify the by-products of the three energy systems and their
significance in muscle fatigue.
6.3 escribe the effect of endurance training/advanced training

D
methods on the use of fuel for exercise.
52
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FR5224 - Level 3 Anatomy and Physiology Workbook v4

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Verfügbare Formate

Level 3 Anatomy

and Physiology Workbook

Name of learner I confirm this is all my own work.

Section 1 Circulatory system 4

Section 2 Musculoskeletal system anatomy and physiology 11

Section 3 Musculoskeletal system movement 21

Section 4 Posture, core stability & flexibility 26

Section 5 Nervous system 35

Section 6 Endocrine system 42

Section 7 Energy systems 46

Section 8 Appendix – Assessment criteria 48

An introduction to your assessment workbook

What do I need to do?

YOU MUST ACHIEVE 100% ON ALL QUESTIONS TO PASS.

What happens if I refer?

2. Describe what is meant by the term coronary circulation.

This section will be completed by your assessor

Assessment Decision (Pass / Refer)

Assessor's signature Date

What did you do very well?

What additional work is required in order for you to pass?

Learner's signature Date

Assessment decision (Pass / Refer)

Assessment signature Date

Learner's signature Date

1d. Cell walls

This section will be completed by your assessor

Assessment Decision (Pass / Refer)

Assessor's signature Date

What did you do very well?

What additional work is required in order for you to pass?

Learner's signature Date

Assessment decision (Pass / Refer)

Assessment signature Date

Learner's signature Date

Exercise Plane of Movement Axis Joint actions

Muscle group Explanation of joint actions

This section will be completed by your assessor

Assessment Decision (Pass / Refer)

Assessor's signature Date

What did you do very well?

What additional work is required in order for you to pass?

Learner's signature Date

Qu. No. Learner amendments

Assessment decision (Pass / Refer)

Assessment signature Date

Learner's signature Date

5b. Explain the implications of the following

A client with high blood pressure performing the plank

A client with osteoporosis performing sit ups

Benefits of the stretch

When would you use the stretch and why?

What are the associated risks with the stretch?

7a. Explain the function of muscle proprioceptors

This section will be completed by your assessor

Assessment Decision (Pass / Refer)

Assessor's signature Date

What did you do very well?

What additional work is required in order for you to pass?

Learner's signature Date

Assessment decision (Pass / Refer)

Assessment signature Date

Learner's signature Date

Functional division Role

2. Describe what is meant by the term coronary circulation.

5b. Explain the implications of the following

7a. Explain the function of muscle proprioceptors

4. Explain the role of a motor unit

6. Explain the neuromuscular adaptations as a result of exercise/training

7. Explain the benefits of improved neuromuscular coordination/efficiency to exercise performance

3. Explain the function of the following hormones

1.5 xplain the cardiovascular benefits and risks of endurance/

1.6 Define blood pressure classifications and associated health

2.3 xplain the effects of different types of exercises on muscle

2.5 ame, locate and explain the function of skeletal muscle

2.7 Explain the joint actions brought about by specific muscle

2.8 escribe joints/joint structure with regard to range of

2.9 Describe joint movement potential and joint actions.

2.10 escribe the structure of the pelvic girdle and associated

3.3 Explain the potential effects of abdominal adiposity and poor

3.4 Explain the potential problems that can occur as a result of

3.5 Explain the impact of core stabilisation exercise and the

3.6 Explain the benefits, risks and applications of the following

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) including

4.2 Describe nervous control and transmission of a nervous

4.3 Describe the structure and function of a neuron 4.4 Explain

4.5 Explain the process of motor unit recruitment and the

4.8 Explain the neuromuscular adaptations associated with

4.10 Explain the benefits of improved neuromuscular

Type of exercise/activity being performed.