Stem Cells in the Respiratory System

dr. Fariz Nurwidya, SpP, PhD, FAPSR

Division of Respiratory Immunology,
Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Disease,
Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia
Email: fariz.nurwidya@ui.ac.id
 Conflict of Interest Disclosure
We have no conflict of interest to disclose
 Why stem cells?
Mortality
Lung diseases are the 3rd cause of mortality

Investigation
Search for curative purpose

Stem Cells
Therapeutic role other than morphogenesis role?

The role of stem cells in the injury-

respond system
 Outline
• The respiratory cells: epithelial and mesoderm
• Stem cells
• Lung stem cells
• Lung injury model to induce stem cells
differentiation
• Future direction for stem cells in respiratory
diseases
• Conclussion
 Outline
• The respiratory cells: epithelial and mesoderm
• Stem cells
• Lung stem cells
• Lung injury model to induce stem cells
differentiation
• Future direction for stem cells in respiratory
diseases
• Conclussion
 Outline
• The respiratory cells: epithelial and mesoderm
• Stem cells
• Lung stem cells
• Lung injury model to induce stem cells
differentiation
• Future direction for stem cells in respiratory
diseases
• Conclussion
SC

Stem cells
•Undifferentiated
Undifferentiated cells that exhibit unlimited
self-renewal and can generate multiple cell
lineages or more restricted progenitor
populations that can contribute to tissue
homeostasis by replenishment of cells or
regeneration of tissue after injury
Mimeault M, Batra SK. Stem Cells. 2006;24:2319–2345
 Coordinating stem cell activity to
match tissue output

Stem cells (purple) often exist in two states, one more quiescent than the other.
Primed stem cells are closer to activating niche signals (green). They typically respond
faster and generate shorter-lived progenitors (orange), which also signal, fueling tissue
production. Each stem cell niche must be responsive to the regenerative demands of
tissue homeostasis and wound-repair and adjust niche activating and inhibitory signals
as necessary.
 Outline
• The respiratory cells: epithelial and mesoderm
• Stem cells
• Lung stem cells
• Lung injury model to induce stem cells
differentiation
• Future direction for stem cells in respiratory
diseases
• Conclussion
 Cellular Plasticity
Sebelumnya stem cell berproliferasi
satu arah menjadi ciliated epithelial
cells dan Clara cells, namun kini
ditemukan bahwa ada plasticity
selular (type 2 jadi type 1, Clara
cells bisa jadi dediferensiasi jadi
basal cell, dll)
Airway Basal Cell
 Outline
• The respiratory cells: epithelial and mesoderm
• Stem cells
• Lung stem cells
• Lung injury model to induce stem cells
differentiation
• Future direction for stem cells in respiratory
diseases
• Conclussion
 Smoking
and toxic
inhalation

Trauma
Lung Bacterial
or viral
injury Infection

Medicine
 Outline
• The respiratory cells: epithelial and mesoderm
• Stem cells
• Lung stem cells
• Lung injury model to induce stem cells
differentiation
• Future direction for stem cells in respiratory
diseases
• Conclussion
 Outline
• The respiratory cells: epithelial and mesoderm
• Stem cells
• Lung stem cells
• Lung injury model to induce stem cells
differentiation
• Future direction for stem cells in respiratory
diseases
• Conclussion
 Conclusion
• The respiratory system consist of
epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells
• Basal cells act as a lung stem cells
• Lung injury is the model to study lung
stem cells
• The remaining question: How c can we
induce basal cell proliferation in a chronic
lung lung?
Thank you
 Definitions
SC ESC MSC CSC
SC ESC MSC CSC

Embryonic stem cells

•Cells that have the ability to form any
fully differentiated cells of the body

Biswas A, Hutchins R. Embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev. 2007;16:213-222.

 SC ESC MSC CSC

Mesechymal stem cells

•Non-hematopoietic stromal cells that are
capable of differentiating and contribute to the
regeneration of mesenchymal tissues, such as
bone, cartilage, muscle, ligament, tendon, and
adipose

Chamberlain G, et al. Concise review: mesenchymal stem cells: their phenotype, differentiation
capacity, immunological features, and potential for homing. Stem Cells. 2007;25:2739–2749
SC ESC MSC CSC

Cancer stem cells

•Cells that have the capacity to both divide
and expand the cancer stem cell pool and to
differentiate into the heterogeneous non-
tumorigenic cancer cell types that in most
cases appear to constitute the bulk of the
cancer cells within the tumor
Clarke MF, et al. Cancer Res. 2006;66:9339-9344
 Perbandingan histologi organ
paru manusia dan mencit
• Model hewan untuk mempelajari
histologi organ paru manusia