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* Inhibit 1: “ALina”
A minoglycosides
Li nezolid
* Inhibit 2: “STrip”
S treptogramins
T etracyclins
* Inhibit 3: “Club”
C loramphenicol
* Inhibit 4: "MAL"
M acrolides
A minoglycosides
L incosamides
3. Rx of chronic Asthma.
# Reliever medications for immediate relief: SABA bronchodilators,
theophylline, aminophylline, salbutamol, formoterol etc.
4. Name of TCA
- Amitriptyline
- Nortriptyline
- Imipramine
- Desipramine
- Diphenhydramine
- Fexofenadine
- Cetirizine
- Levocetirizine
- Loratadine
7. Cause of stridor
# Congenital:
- Laryngomalacia
- Laryngeal web
- Subglottic stenosis
-hemangioma
3MD KHALED HASSAN (MBBS 2011 MS 2017 HMU)
# Acquired:
-Afebrile
-injury
-foreign body
-laryngeal edema
# Febrile:
-epiglottis
-acute laryngitis
-diphtheria
-peritonsillar abcess
-myopia
-hyperopia
-presbyopia
-astigmatism
- Asthma, COPD
- Prinzmetal angina
- Bradycardia
- heart block
- acute decompensated heart failure
4MD KHALED HASSAN (MBBS 2011 MS 2017 HMU)
-VSD
-Pulmonary stenosis
-overriding aorta
-right ventricular hypertrophy
#Rx
-supportive care: rest and drink plenty of fluids
-IVF (if severely dehydrated)
-mild analgesics and antipyretic therapy: acetaminophen
-autoimmune disorders
-systemic lupus erythematosus
-rheumatoid arthritis
-giant cell arthritis
-polymyalgia rheumatic
-primary macroglobulinemia
-hyperfibrinogenemia
-allergic vasculitis
-HTN
-Hyperthyroidism
-Heart attacks
-CAD (MI)
-Abnormal heart valves (especially rheumatic mitral valve disease)
-Heart defects (congenital)
-Cardiomyopathy
6MD KHALED HASSAN (MBBS 2011 MS 2017 HMU)
-scarlet fever
-Measles
-ebola
-rubella
-syphillis
-chikungunya
-dengue
-zika
-Fats
-Proteins
#Anatomical structures
-Non vascularity
-Regular arrangement of collagen fibers of substantia propria of and of
corneal epithelium
-Non-myelinated nerve fibers running parallel to the collagen fibers.
#mild degree of corneal dehydration
-Achieved by an active endothelial pump (maintenance of corneal fibers
packed together).
7MD KHALED HASSAN (MBBS 2011 MS 2017 HMU)
27. complication of DM
8MD KHALED HASSAN (MBBS 2011 MS 2017 HMU)
Acute
-hypoglycemia
-Diabetes ketoacidosis
-Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
Chronic
#Microvascular
-retinopathy
-nephropathy
-peripheral neuropathy
-autonomic neuropathy
-diabetic foot
#Macrovascular
-cardiovascular
-cerebrovascular
-peripheral vascular disease
-Measles
-Pneumonia
-Bacillary dysentery
-TB
-Septicemia
-Epistaxis
-Severe malnutrition
-PKDL
-skin infection, boils, cellulitis and scabis
-Ectopic pregnancy
-Miscarriage
-Hyperemesis gravidarum
-cervical incompetence
-severe pelvic pain
-massive ‘menstrual’ blood loss
-‘Emergency’ contraception
-diarrhea
-pneumonia
-measles
-tetanus
-malaria
-injury
-malnutrition
-family history
-diet
-familial polyposis
-gastric adenomas
-helicobector pylori infections
-atrophic gastritis
-tobacco smocking
-menetrier disease
-anal cancer
-angio dysplasia
-colon cancer
-colon polyps
-crohn’s disease
-diarrhea
-diverticulosis
41.Indication of DRE
42.E
tiology of Bronchogenic Carcinoma
14MD KHALED HASSAN (MBBS 2011 MS 2017 HMU)
-Improper seduction
-unchecked muscle pull
-excessive communication
Indication:
Diagnostic: -intra gastric bleed
-pyloric stenosis
-achlorhydia
Thesapeutic: - poisoning
-acute peritonitis
-intestinal obstruction
-gastric surgery
15MD KHALED HASSAN (MBBS 2011 MS 2017 HMU)
Contraindication:
-caustic or corrosive perforation
-uncontrolled convulsion
-HC & Petroleum Distillate
-cardiac dysrhythmia
-Vitamin A, D, E, & K
- Diphenhydramine
- Fexofenadine
- Cetirizine
- Levocetirizine
- Loratadine
-shock
-pulmonary complications due to inhalation injury
-acute renal failure
-infection and sepsis
-Fluid & electrolyte disturbance
-injury of blood vessels & nerves
-acute duodenal ulcer (curling ulcer)
-Extensive and disabling scarring
-psychological trauma
-thyroid swellings
-ludwig’s angina
-enlarged lymph node
-thyroglossal cyst
-dermoid cyst
-lipoma
-achondroplasia
-Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias (SED)
-Diastrophic dysplasia
-genetic
-malnutrition
-kidney disease
-nitroglycerine
-fursemide
-morphine
-hospitalization
-lowering blood sugars
-fluid replacement
-treat metabolic imbalances
-treat underlying causes
Signs:
-flapping tremor
-inability to perform simple mental arithmetic tasks or
draw objects
-hyper-reflexia and bilateral extensor plantar
response
-fetor hepatitis: a sweet musty odour to the breath
19MD KHALED HASSAN (MBBS 2011 MS 2017 HMU)
Symptoms:
-change of intellect, personality, emotions, and
consciousness
-apathy
-inability to concentrate
-confusion
-disorientation
-drowsiness
-slurring of speech and eventually coma develop
-convulsions sometimes occur
4Ts
-Tone – uterine atony
-Tissues- retained placenta, Invasive placenta
-Trauma- of any part of the genital tract, inverted
uterus
-Thrombin- coagulopathy, DIVC
63.Complication of kala-Aza
-Measles
-Pneumonia
-Bacillary dysentery
-TB
-Septicemia
-Epistaxis
-Severe malnutrition
-PKDL
-skin infection, boils, cellulitis and scabis
-soft
-mid-systolic
-heard at left sternal edge
-no radiation
-no other cardiac abnormalities
-Passive diffusion
-facilitated diffusion
-active transport
-endocytosis and exocytosis
-malnutrition
-immunosuppressive agents
-infections (measles, AIDS etc)
-malignancies (leukemia, lymphoma etc)
-splenectomy
-aging
-autoimmune disease
-chemotherapy
Local factors
-continued pressure
-desiccation and dehydration
-Trauma and edema
-Infection or heavy
-necrosis
-tissue hypoxia
Systemic factors
23MD KHALED HASSAN (MBBS 2011 MS 2017 HMU)
-old age
-obesity
-chronic diseases
-malnutrition
-vascular insufficiency
-immunodeficiency
-smocking
-stress
-poor health condition
-Hypothelamic stress
-Anorexia
-Pituitary tumor
-Hypothyroidism
-Ovarian cyst
-PCOS
-Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
-CHF
-Nephrotic syndrome
-Liver Cirrhosis
-Hypoproteinaemia
-Hypothyroidism
-Acute rheumatic fever
82.Types of malpresentation
-Breech
-face
-brow
-shoulder
-compound
-Shigella
-Escherichia coli
-salmonella
-campylobacter
-yarsinia
-entamoeba histolytica
Early
-skin lesions, maculopapular tissue
-lymphadenopathy
-hepatosplenomegaly
-failure to thrive
-jaundice, anemia
-osteochondritis
Late
-gummatous ulcers
-bony prominence of forehead
-saddle nose
-short maxilla
-keratitis, 8 nerve deafness and dental deformities
* Inhibit 1: “ALina”
A minoglycosides
Li nezolid
* Inhibit 2: “STrip”
S treptogramins
T etracyclins
* Inhibit 3: “Club”
C loramphenicol
* Inhibit 4: "MAL"
M acrolides
A minoglycosides
L incosamides
-Hypertension
-Cardiac hypertrophy
-Chronic heart failure
- Post MI in hypertensive & Diabetic patients
-Diabetic nephropathy due to vasoconstriction probably caused by
29MD KHALED HASSAN (MBBS 2011 MS 2017 HMU)
Angiotensin -II
90. marker of MI
- CK-MB
- Troponin-I and troponin-T