JIMMA UNIVERSITY

JIMMA INSTITUTE OF TECHENLOGY

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

POWER PLANT Assignment I

1. What are the fuels used for generation of steam?

2. How was coal formed?
3. What is rank of coal? What are the different ranks of coal? What are the types of coal analysis?
4. What are the important coal properties relevant to boilers?
5. How is lower heating value of coal different from the higher heating value?
6. What is ash softening temperature? What is its effect on boiler performance?
7. What are the four basic conditions to be fulfilled to burn a fuel efficiently?
8. What are the different methods of measuring the amount of excess air supplied?
9. How can the degree of burnout of carbon in a fuel be determined?
10. How does the proper control of the right amount of excess air maintain optimum combustion
efficiency?

DO precisely with all the necessary steps

1. A bituminous coal has the following composition: carbon 71.6, hydrogen 4.8, oxygen 6.3,
nitrogen 1.3, sulphur 3.4, moisture 3.5, and ash 9.1. calculate
A. Theoretical weight of air per kg of coal.
B. The actual weight of air required with 60% excess air.
C. Actual volume of air at 1.013 bar, 250c .
D. HHV of coal. Write the complete combustion equation and estimate the LHV of the coal.
2. Steam at 40 bar, 5000c, generated from saturated feed water at 0.05 bar, flowing at the rate of
5500kg/h expands in a HP turbine to 2 bar with an isentropic efficiency of 90%. A continuous
supply of steam at 2 bar, 0.88 quality and a flow rate of 2500 kg/h is available from a geothermal
energy source. This steam is mixed adiabatically with the HP turbine exhaust and the combined
steam then expands in a LP turbine to 0.05 bar with an isentropic efficiency of 85%. Determine
A. The power output, and
B. The thermal plant efficiency of the
3. The following data refer to an actual two-stage reheat steam cycle:
 Steam expands in the HP turbine from 10Mpa and 5000C to 4Mpa and 3000C;
 The reheated steam then expands in the IP turbine from 3.9Mpa and 4900C to 0.8Mpa
and 2900C;
 Finally, the steam expands in the LP turbine from 0.75Mpa and 4750C to 7Kpa saturated
vapor. Determine:
A. The heat supplied,
 B. The work developed, and
C. The thermal efficiency of the system
4. In a cogeneration plant, the power load is 6 MW and the heating load is 1.5MW. Steam is
generated at 40bar and 5000C and is expanded isentropically through a turbine to a condenser at
0.05 bar. The heating load is supplied by extracting steam from the turbine at 4bar, which is
condensed in the process heater to saturated liquid at 4bar and then pumped back to the boiler.
Compute:
A. The steam generation capacity of the boiler in t/h,
B. The heat sullied in the boiler in KW,
C. The fuel burning rate of the boiler in t/h, if a coal of calorific value 30000kJ/kg is burned
and the boiler efficiency is 90%.
D. The heat rejected in the condenser, and
E. The rate of flow of cooling water in the condenser, if the temperature rise of water is
100C.
Neglect the pump work.
5. A steam power plant with inlet steam to the HP turbine at 50bar and 5000C, and condensation at
400C produces 500 MW. It has one stage of reheat at 15bar which raises the steam pressure back
to 5000C. One closed feed water heater with drains cascaded back to the condenser receives bled
steam at the reheat pressure and the remaining steam is reheated and then expanded in the LP
turbine. The isentropic efficiencies of the HP and LP turbines are 92% and 90%, respectively.
Calculate:
A. The mass flow rate of steam at the turbine inlet in kg/s
B. The cycle efficiency, and
C. The cycle work ratio
6. A steam turbine is supplied with steam at 7.5Mpa and 4000C. It expands to 2.5Mpa, where some
steam is bled for regenerative feed heating. The remaining steam expands to 1.7Mpa and 225 0C
from where it is passed on to a reheater and enters the turbine at 4250C. The steam then expands
in the last stage of the turbine and enters the condenser as saturated vapor at a pressure of
3.5Kpa. Compute
A. The percentage of steam bled for regenerative heating,
B. The power developed if the steam flow is 10kg/s, and
C. The thermal efficiency of the system
7. A boiler is supplied with a fuel having a mass composition: C=86.1%, H2=3.9%, O2=1.4%,
ash=8.6%.The volumetric analysis of dry flue gases gives CO2=12.7%, CO=1.4%, O2=4.1% and
N2=81.8%. Calculate:
A. The total amount of flue gases per kg of fuel burnt, and
B. The percentage of excess air supplied for complete combustion of the fuel.
8. The analysis of coal used in a boiler gives: C=82%, H2=6%, O2=4%, moisture=2%, and ash=8%.
A. Determine the theoretical minimum air required for complete combustion of one kg of
the coal.
 B. If the actual air supplied is 18 kg per kg of coal, the hydrogen is completely burned and
80% of the carbon is burned to CO2 and the remainder to CO.
Determine the volumetric analysis of the dry products of combustion.
9. If P, Q and R denote the volumetric percentages of CO2, CO and O2, respectively, in the dry flue
gas analysis using coal containing C percent of carbon, show that the quantity of excess air per
kg of coal can be expressed in the form:
𝐾𝐶𝑅
𝑚 = (𝑃+𝑄)
And obtain the value of the numerical constant K.
A boiler uses coal having the following mass analysis: C=84%, H2= 4.5%, O2=3.5%, moisture =
1% and ash = 7%.
A. The mass of flue gases ( including moisture ), and
B. The loss of heat due to incomplete combustion.
10. The following observation were obtained in a boiler trail:
Feed water temperature = 500C,
Boiler pressure = 1 bar,
Quality of steam = 95%
Coal consumption = 500kg/hr
Calorific value = 30500 kJ/kg,
Feed water supplied = 4000 kg/hr.
Specific heat of feed water = 4.1868kJ/kg k
Determine:
A. The evaporation factor, and
B. The equivalent evaporation from and at 1000C in kg/kg of coal fired.
11. In a boiler trail, the following data were obtained:
Coal analysis by mass: C = 85.2%, H2 = 4.8 % and ash = 10%.
HHV of fuel = 35296.4 kJ/kg,
Moisture content of fuel = 1.8 %,
Coal consumption = 1473 kg/hr,
Boiler room temperature = 250C,
Feed water temperature = 550C,
Steam pressure and temperature = 12.36 bar and 219.50C,
Steam generated = 12700 kg/hr,
Analysis of the dry flue gases by volume:
CO2 = 9.4%, O2 = 11.1 % and N2 = 79.5%
Temperature of flue gases in the uptake = 3100C,
Mean specific heat of dry flue gases = 1.005 kJ/kg K.
Mean specific heat of steam = 2.1 kJ/kg K.
Make a complete heat balance for the boiler.
12. The following data were obtained during a test on a steam boiler:
Quality of coal burnt = 750 kg/hr,
 Feed water supplied = 7000 kg/hr,
Calorific value of coal fired = 34000 kJ/kg.
Feed water temperature entering economizer = 250C,
Feed water temperature leaving economizer = 800C,
Steam pressure = 10 bar,
Dryness of fraction of steam leaving boiler drum = 0.95,
Temperature of steam leaving superheater = 2500C,
Determine:
A. The thermal efficiency of the plant, and
B. The heat absorbed by the feed water in the various components as a percentage of
the heat absorbed.
13. A boiler using 1400 kg of coal per hour requires m kg of air per kg of coal for complete
combustion. The temperature of flue gases is 2850C and the temperature of the outside air is
250C. if the draught produced by a 35 m high chimney is 18 mm H2O,
calculate:
A. The air supplied per kg of coal burnt,
B. The draught in terms of the column of hot gases,
C. The flow rate (m3/sec) of hot gases through the chimney, and
D. The base diameter of the chimney, assuming only 75% of the draught is available
for producing velocity.