CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter contains related foreign literature, journals and publications that

support the study. This chapter presents electromagnetism as a self-sustaining portable

generator through magnets, old speaker and motor.

Related Literature and Studies

According to Shirai, H., et al. (2016), a study shows the efficiency of electricity

generation through electromagnetic analysis by analyzing the magnetic flux distribution

of permanent magnets use in electric generators. It concluded how the polarity of the

permanent magnet greatly contributed to the generation of electricity, However, an

increase in the numbers of permanent magnets to be used would mean a decrease in the

efficiency of the generation.

In another study conducted by Rane, S., et al. (2015) described their study on

permanent magnet generators. They devised a generator that use magnets attached to

rotor and a stator where the rotation of the rotor causes magnetic flux and the winding

coil of stator connected to the output terminal of electric dynamo creates voltage.

Prakash, S. and More, S. (2017) found that the use of magnet attraction- repulsion

to generate electricity starts from an initial jerk. The rotation of its rotating assembly would

run continuously where the movement causes magnetic flux.

Magnetic reciprocating generator proves to be a revolutionary method of producing

energy comparing to other method of generating energy. Due to its no requirement for
fuel, in addition to its design that has less friction and no heat, a highly reliable efficient

magnetic generator mechanism would make it a good replacement to conventional

energy harvesting system (George et al, 2015).

Linear electromagnetic generator can harvest vibration energy from a transformer

that will store electricity to a monitoring system. It delivers voltage and electricity

information from a transformer and usually uses a battery that must be replaced from time

to time. Approximately 50hz or higher frequency is produced from the vibrations of the

transformer. The purpose of this linear electromagnetic generator is to harvest vibration

energy. A prototype was produced and its performance was tested and resulted to

produce more than 100mW of electricity. From this, it shows the possibility that the

generator can replace the battery system and supply electricity to a monitoring system.

(Cho, S. J. & Kim, J. H.,2017)

An innovative design of magnetic reciprocating generator was presented by

George et.al (2015) in order to no longer burn any kind of fuel for energy production. The

principles of magnetic attraction and repulsion was used in order to function the machine.

It functions in a way that the magnetic field between the pair of permanent strong magnets

is reversed to get reciprocating motion and later converted to useful rotational motion

using crank mechanism. When the rotational motion is fed to the dynamo, it produces

electricity.

This magnetic reciprocating generator will truly prove to be a revolutionary mode

of energy production. Compared to existing power generation methods, its design is more

advanced hence suffers lesser energy loss due to friction and does not involved

combustion that produces heat. A highly reliable efficient magnetic generator mechanism
can be an alternative machine to conventional energy harvesting since it provides great

benefits to the environment.

David, A. P. J. (2017) also proposed a free electricity generator that is powered

using an electromagnetic induction. The researcher used wind to produce power. It

continuously passes onto the blades of the fan causing it to rotate. The generator is

mounted into a vehicle exposing the blades into turbulent wind which leads the shaft to

rotate and generate power to be extracted and stored in a battery. The energy stored will

then be used in numerous application such as powering and charging mobile devices,

powering small light emitting diodes and bulbs. For charging small batteries, this free

energy can be used to charge small Li-Ion batteries of high voltage & low current, which

are used for small wattage lights, small LED’s & bulbs on vehicles. The researcher has

concluded that the concept of a motor and a generator has successfully ventured another

concept of generating a valuable amount of electricity through the use of magnets and

simple motors.

In another study reported by Adoghe, A. U. (2017), that for low income countries

especially in sub-Saharan Africa have insufficient and unreliable power grids that has to

meet the increasingly growing energy demands in the region and especially developing

countries but there is a sufficient alternative to this problem which is cost effective and

can be easily harnessed by low income countries. The researcher designed an affordable

neodymium-based free energy generator that operated continuously without depending

on any external source. The repulsive force between the neodymium magnets produce a

torque which serves as a prime mover for rotor blades. The energy generated is

transferred to a charge controller connected to the battery bank. The battery supplies the
inverter with a direct current (DC) input voltage for electricity generation in alternating

current (AC) form. The generated electrical power is distributed to consumers. Off-grid

power is a cost- effective solution to low income countries that have unreliable power-

grids where we can offer cost-effective and available units for the unserved population of

sub-Saharan Africa and other low income countries to meet their energy demands.

Yi, N.T. (2011) reported an investigation on free energy magnet motor which the

main purpose is to investigate if the magnet motor is really feasible to natural properties

and repulsion of the magnet poles to create a perpetual motion which can be employed

to do a useful work. The power of the permanent magnets is invisible and continuous

where it can attract the iron or other specific kind of metal with the energy flow. Therefore,

it is believed that free energy can be extracted from the permanent magnet by arranging

the magnets in special configurations. The final simulation of the project of the existence

of free energy magnet motor can be concluded as an uncertain fact. Yet, the results of

the researchers did not provide firm evidence on proving the free energy but only provide

some hypothesis and theories on the study on free energy. Researches experience a lot

of limitations such as time, equipment, cost, current technology development, and current

possessed knowledge on the investigation that also made them difficult to solidify

evidences of free energy devices.

In a study proposed by Ridha, A. A. (2016) of free energy permanent magnet motor

stated that the natural repulsion creates a perpetual motion can be harnessed by the

magnet motor. In building free energy magnetic motor, electric coils are needed to be

replaced by permanent magnets for the magnet motor to work. A two-dimensional

computer model of the motor was designed in order to perform a definite element of
magnetic analysis. The FEMM4.2 program is one of the best programs in the study and

analysis of open source magnetic motor because it provides a wide range of possibilities

and analysis.

CONCLUSION

From previous studies and literature, it has been proven the feasibility of producing

a self-sustaining generator using magnets and electromagnets present in dynamos and

speakers. Though challenges were present in devising generators and method from

previous studies, it was made possible through the application of different methods from

different sources. One method that is common to all previous studies is the usage of

magnets as drivers for the generators that became an anchor in this study. By using the

right amount of magnets positioned at the right angles it can be used to drive dynamos

and cause physical vibration to the speaker, from that mechanical motion it can be

converted to usable energy.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Adoghe, A.U., et al. (2017). Free Energy Generation using Neodymium Magnets: An

Off-Grid Sustainable Energy Solution for Sub-Saharan Africa, Proceedings of the

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Chi, W.C., et al. (n.d.). Electromagnetic micro power generator - a comprehensive

survey. Unpublished master’s project, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang,

Malaysia.

Cho, S.J. & Kim, J.H. (2017). Linear electromagnetic electric generator for harvesting

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