18-2868 Documents4

Selected docket entries for case 18−2868
Generated: 08/20/2019 12:18:20
Filed Document Description Page Docket Text

08/09/2019 271 Petition Order FILED 2 ORDER, petition for panel rehearing, or, in the alternative,
for rehearing en banc denied, FILED.[2628203] [18−2868]
08/09/2019 272 Order FILED 3 ORDER, dated 08/09/2019, directing the Clerk to issue the
mandate forthwith, by JAC, RSP, CFD, FILED.[2628208]
[18−2868]
08/09/2019 273 JUDGMENT MANDATE, ISSUED.[2628218] [18−2868]
273 Judgment Mandate ISSUED 5
273 Supporting Document 6
273 Supporting Document 31
08/09/2019 NOTICE, unsealed Summary Judgment Record,
appendices 1 −13, docketed pursuant to the Court's
decision dated July 3, 2019, see case number 18−2868,
SENT.[2628222] [18−2868]
08/09/2019 275 UNSEALED SUMMARY 32 UNSEALED SUMMARY JUDGMENT RECORD,
JUDGMENT RECORD, appendix 1 of 13 , pursuant to the Court's decision dated
DOCKETED July 3, 2019, DOCKETED. [2628223] [18−2868]
Case 18-2868, Document 271, 08/09/2019, 2628203, Page1 of 1
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE
SECOND CIRCUIT
_____________________________________________
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the
Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the
9th day of August, two thousand nineteen.
________________________________________
Julie Brown, Miami Herald Media Company,
Intervenors - Appellants.
v. ORDER
Docket No: 18-2868
Ghislaine Maxwell,
Defendant - Appellee,
v.
Virginia L. Giuffre,
Plaintiff - Appellee.
_______________________________________
Appellee, Ghislaine Maxwell, filed a petition for panel rehearing, or, in the alternative, for
rehearing en banc. The panel that determined the appeal has considered the request for panel
rehearing, and the active members of the Court have considered the request for rehearing en banc.
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the petition is denied.
FOR THE COURT:

Catherine O'Hagan Wolfe, Clerk

FOR THE
SECOND CIRCUIT
At a Stated Term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the
9th day of August, two thousand nineteen.
Before: José A. Cabranes,

Rosemary S. Pooler,
Christopher F. Droney,
Circuit Judges.
________________________________

ORDER
Intervenors - Appellants,
v. 18-2868
Ghislaine Maxwell,
v.
________________________________
Alan M. Dershowitz, Michael Cernovich,

DBA Cernovich Media, 16-3945(L)
17-1625(Con)
Intervenors - Appellants, 17-1722(Con)
v.
Plaintiff - Appellee,
v.
Ghislaine Maxwell,
Defendant-Appellee.
________________________________
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the Clerk is directed to issue the mandate forthwith.
For the Court:
Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe,

Clerk of Court
Case 18-2868, Document 273-1, 08/09/2019, 2628218, Page1 of 1

FOR THE
MANDATE
SECOND CIRCUIT
At a Stated Term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the
3rd day of July, two thousand and nineteen.
Before: José A. Cabranes,

Rosemary S. Pooler,
Christopher F. Droney,
Circuit Judges.
________________________________

JUDGMENT
Intervenors - Appellants. Docket Nos. 18-2868
v.
Ghislaine Maxwell,
v.
________________________________
The appeal in the above captioned case from a judgment of the United States District
Court for the Southern District of New York was argued on the district court’s record and the
parties’ briefs. Upon consideration thereof,
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED and DECREED that the orders of the District
Court entered on November 2, 2016, May 3, 2017, and August 27, 2018 are VACATED. The
Court further ORDERS the unsealing of the summary judgment record as described in its
opinion. The case is REMANDED to the District Court for a particularized review of the
remaining materials.
For the Court:
Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe,

Clerk of Court
MANDATE ISSUED ON 08/09/2019

18‐2868; 16‐3945‐cv(L)
Brown v. Maxwell; Dershowitz v. Giuffre
In the
United States Court of Appeals
for the Second Circuit

AUGUST TERM 2018

No. 18‐2868‐cv

JULIE BROWN, MIAMI HERALD COMPANY,
Intervenors‐Appellants,

v.

GHISLAINE MAXWELL,
Defendant‐Appellee,

v.

VIRGINIA L. GIUFFRE,
Plaintiff‐Appellee.

No. 16‐3945‐cv(L)
No. 17‐1625 (CON)
No. 17‐1722(CON)

ALAN M. DERSHOWITZ, MICHAEL CERNOVICH, DBA CERNOVICH
MEDIA,
Intervenors‐Appellants,

V.

Plaintiff‐Appellee,

v.

GHISLAINE MAXWELL,
Defendant‐Appellee.*

On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of New York

ARGUED: MARCH 6, 2019
DECIDED: JULY 3, 2019

Before: CABRANES, POOLER, and DRONEY, Circuit Judges.

Intervenors‐Appellants Alan Dershowitz, Michael Cernovich,

and the Miami Herald Company (with reporter Julie Brown) appeal
from certain orders of the United States District Court for the Southern
District of New York (Robert W. Sweet, Judge) denying their respective
motions to unseal filings in a defamation suit. We conclude that the
The Clerk of Court is directed to amend the captions as set out above.
*
2
District Court failed to conduct the requisite particularized review

when ordering the sealing of the materials at issue. At the same time,
we recognize the potential damage to privacy and reputation that may
accompany public disclosure of hard‐fought, sensitive litigation. We
therefore clarify the legal tools that district courts should use in
safeguarding the integrity of their dockets. Accordingly, we VACATE
the District Court’s orders entered on November 2, 2016, May 3, 2017,
and August 27, 2018, ORDER the unsealing of the summary judgment
record as described further herein, and REMAND the cause to the
District Court for particularized review of the remaining sealed
materials.
Judge Pooler concurs in this opinion except insofar as it orders
the immediate unsealing of the summary judgment record without a
remand.

SANFORD L. BOHRER (Christine N. Walz,
Madelaine J. Harrington, New York, NY, on
the brief), Holland & Knight LLP, Miami, FL,
for Intervenors‐Appellants Julie Brown and
Miami Herald.
TY GEE (Adam Mueller, on the brief),
Haddon, Morgan and Foreman, P.C.,
Denver, CO, for Defendant‐Appellee Ghislaine
Maxwell.
3
PAUL G. CASSELL (Sigrid S. McCawley, Boies
Schiller Flexner LLP, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, on
the brief), S.J Quinney College of Law,
University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, for
Plaintiff‐Appellee Virginia L. Giuffre.
ANDREW G. CELLI JR. (David A. Lebowitz, on
the brief), Emery, Celli, Brinckerhoff &
Abady LLP, New York, NY, for Intervenor‐
Appellant Alan M. Dershowitz.
MARC RANDAZZA (Jay Marshall Wolman,
Las Vegas, NV, on the brief), Randazza Legal
Group, PLLC, Hartford, CT, for Intervenor‐
Appellant Michael Cernovich.

JOSÉ A. CABRANES, Circuit Judge:
Intervenors‐Appellants Alan M. Dershowitz (“Dershowitz”),

Michael Cernovich (“Cernovich”), and the Miami Herald Company
(with reporter Julie Brown, jointly the “Herald”) appeal from certain
orders of the United States District Court for the Southern District of
New York (Robert W. Sweet, Judge) denying their respective motions
to unseal filings in a defamation suit. We conclude that the District
Court failed to conduct the requisite particularized review when
ordering the sealing of the materials at issue. At the same time, we
4
recognize the potential damage to privacy and reputation that may
accompany public disclosure of hard‐fought, sensitive litigation. We
therefore clarify the legal tools that district courts should use in
safeguarding the integrity of their dockets. Accordingly, we VACATE
the District Court’s orders entered on November 2, 2016, May 3, 2017,
and August 27, 2018, ORDER the unsealing of the summary judgment
record as described further herein, and REMAND the cause to the
District Court for particularized review of the remaining sealed
materials.
I. BACKGROUND
A. Jeffrey Epstein’s Conviction and the CVRA Suit
The origins of this case lie in a decade‐old criminal proceeding
against financier Jeffrey Epstein (“Epstein”). On June 30, 2008, Epstein
pleaded guilty to Florida state charges of soliciting, and procuring a
person under the age of eighteen for, prostitution. The charges
stemmed from sexual activity with privately hired “masseuses,” some
of whom were under eighteen, Florida’s age of consent. Pursuant to
an agreement with state and federal prosecutors, Epstein pleaded to
the state charges. He received limited jail‐time, registered as a sex
offender, and agreed to pay compensation to his victims. In return,
prosecutors declined to bring federal charges.
Shortly after Epstein entered his plea, two of his victims,
proceeding as “Jane Doe 1” and “Jane Doe 2,” filed suit against the
Government in the Southern District of Florida under the Crime
Victims’ Rights Act (“CVRA”). The victims sought to nullify the plea
5
agreement, alleging that the Government failed to fulfill its legal
obligations to inform and consult with them in the process leading up
to Epstein’s plea deal.1
On December 30, 2014, two additional unnamed victims—one
of whom has now self‐identified as Plaintiff‐Appellee Virginia Giuffre
(“Giuffre”)—petitioned to join in the CVRA case. These petitioners
included in their filings not only descriptions of sexual abuse by
Epstein, but also new allegations of sexual abuse by several other
prominent individuals, “including numerous prominent American
politicians, powerful business executives, foreign presidents, a well‐
known Prime Minister, and other world leaders,” as well as
Dershowitz (a long‐time member of the Harvard Law School faculty
who had worked on Epstein’s legal defense) and Defendant‐Appellee
Ghislaine Maxwell (“Maxwell”).2
Dershowitz moved to intervene, seeking to “strike the

outrageous and impertinent allegations made against him and to
request a show cause order to the attorneys that have made them.”3
Exercising its authority to “strike from a pleading an insufficient
1 On February 21, 2019, the Florida District Court ruled that federal
prosecutors had violated the CVRA by failing to adequately notify the two victims‐
plaintiffs of the plea deal. The District Court has not yet determined the appropriate
remedy. See Doe 1 v. United States, 359 F. Supp. 3d 1201, 1204–17 (S.D. Fla. 2019).
2 Doe 1 v. United States, No. 08‐CV‐80736‐KAM, 2015 WL 11254692, at *2 (S.D.
Fla. Apr. 7, 2015) (internal quotation marks omitted).
3 Id. (internal quotation marks and brackets omitted).
6
defense or any redundant, immaterial, impertinent, or scandalous

matter . . . on its own,”4 the Florida District Court (Kenneth A. Marra,
Judge) sua sponte struck all allegations against additional parties from
the pleadings, including those against Dershowitz, and therefore
denied Dershowitz’s motion as moot.5
The stricken allegations, however, quickly found their way into
the press, and several media outlets published articles repeating
Giuffre’s accusations. In response to the allegations, on January 3,
2015, Maxwell’s publicist issued a press statement declaring that
Giuffre’s allegations “against Ghislaine Maxwell are untrue” and that
her “claims are obvious lies.”6
B. Giuffre Sues Maxwell
On September 21, 2015, Giuffre filed the underlying action

against Maxwell in the Southern District of New York. Giuffre alleged
that Maxwell had defamed her through this and other public
statements. Extensive and hard‐fought discovery followed. Due to the
volume of sealing requests filed during discovery, on August 9, 2016,
the District Court entered a Sealing Order that effectively ceded
control of the sealing process to the parties themselves. The Sealing
Order disposed of the requirement that the parties file individual letter
briefs to request sealing and prospectively granted all of the parties’
Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(f).
4
Doe 1, 2015 WL 11254692, at *2–3.
5
See Giuffre v. Maxwell, 325 F. Supp. 3d 428, 434 (S.D.N.Y. 2018).
6
7
future sealing requests. In total, 167 documents—nearly one‐fifth of

the docket—were filed under seal. These sealed documents include,
inter alia, motions to compel discovery, motions for sanctions and
adverse inferences, motions in limine, and similar material.
On January 6, 2017, Maxwell filed a motion for summary

judgment. The parties submitted their memoranda of law and
supporting exhibits contesting this motion under seal. On March 22,
2017, the District Court denied the motion in a heavily redacted 76‐
page opinion. Once again, the entire summary judgment record,
including the unredacted version of the District Court opinion
denying summary judgment, remained under seal. On May 24, 2017,
Maxwell and Giuffre executed a settlement agreement, and the case
was closed the next day.
C. Motions to Intervene and Unseal
Over the course of the litigation before Judge Sweet, three
outside parties attempted to unseal some or all of the sealed material.
On August 11, 2016, Dershowitz moved to intervene, seeking to unseal
three documents that, he argues, demonstrate that Giuffre invented
the accusations against him. On January 19, 2017, Cernovich, an
independent blogger and self‐described “popular political
journalist,”7 moved to intervene, seeking to unseal the summary
judgment record, and Dershowitz joined his motion. On April 6, 2018,
after the case had settled, the Herald moved to intervene and unseal
Br. Appellant (Cernovich) 4.
7
8
the entire docket. The District Court granted each of these motions to
intervene, but denied the related requests to unseal in orders entered
November 2, 2016, May 3, 2017, and August 27, 2018, respectively.
The Appellants timely appealed from each of the orders

denying their respective motions to unseal. Although each Appellant
seeks the release of a different set of documents, all argue that the
District Court failed to analyze the documents individually or
properly apply the presumption of public access to court documents.
We therefore ordered that the appeals be heard in tandem and held
argument on March 6, 2019.
On March 11, 2019, we issued an order to show cause why we
“should not unseal the summary judgment motion, including any
materials filed in connection with this motion, and the District Court’s
summary judgment decision.”8 The parties timely filed their
responses.
II. DISCUSSION
There are two categories of sealed material at issue in these
appeals: (1) the summary judgment record, which includes the parties’
summary judgment briefs, their statements of undisputed facts, and
incorporated exhibits; and (2) court filings made in the course of the
discovery process and with respect to motions in limine. In this
Opinion, we explain that our law requires the unsealing of the
Giuffre v. Maxwell, No. 18‐2868‐cv, Docket No. 138.
8
9
summary judgment materials and individualized review of the

remaining sealed materials.
While the law governing public access to these materials is
largely settled, we have not yet adequately addressed the potential
harms that often accompany such access. These harms are apparent.
Over forty years ago, the Supreme Court observed that, without
vigilance, courts’ files might “become a vehicle for improper
purposes.”9 Our legal process is already susceptible to abuse.
Unscrupulous litigants can weaponize the discovery process to
humiliate and embarrass their adversaries. Shielded by the “litigation
privilege,”10 bad actors can defame opponents in court pleadings or
depositions without fear of lawsuit and liability. Unfortunately, the
presumption of public access to court documents has the potential to
exacerbate these harms to privacy and reputation by ensuring that
damaging material irrevocably enters the public record.
We therefore take the opportunity to describe the tools available
to district courts in protecting the integrity of the judicial process, and
emphasize the courts’ responsibility to exercise these powerful tools.
We also caution the public to critically assess allegations contained in
judicial pleadings.
9 Nixon v. Warner Commcʹns, Inc., 435 U.S. 589, 598 (1978).
10 See notes 46–47 and accompanying text, post.
10
A. Standard of Review
When reviewing a district court’s decision to seal a filing or

maintain such a seal, “we examine the court’s factual findings for clear
error, its legal determinations de novo, and its ultimate decision to seal
or unseal for abuse of discretion.”11
B. The Summary Judgment Materials
With respect to the first category of materials, it is well‐settled
that “documents submitted to a court for its consideration in a
summary judgment motion are—as a matter of law—judicial
documents to which a strong presumption of access attaches, under
both the common law and the First Amendment.”12 In light of this
strong First Amendment presumption, “continued sealing of the
documents may be justified only with specific, on‐the‐record findings
that sealing is necessary to preserve higher values and only if the
sealing order is narrowly tailored to achieve that aim.”13
11 Bernstein v. Bernstein Litowitz Berger & Grossmann LLP, 814 F.3d 132, 139
(2d Cir. 2016).
12 Lugosch v. Pyramid Co. of Onondaga, 435 F.3d 110, 121 (2d Cir. 2006). We
observe that our holding in Lugosch relies on the general principle that parties may
“be assumed to have supported their papers with admissible evidence and non‐
frivolous arguments.” Id. at 122. Insofar as a district court has, through striking a
filing, specifically found that assumption inapplicable, the categorical rule in
Lugosch may not apply. See notes 42–43 and accompanying text, post.
Id. at 124. Examples of such countervailing values may include,
13
depending on the circumstances, preserving “the right of an accused to
fundamental fairness in the jury selection process,” Press‐Enter. Co. v. Superior Court
11
In this case, the District Court erred in several respects.14 First, it
failed to give proper weight to the presumption of access that attaches
to documents filed in connection with summary judgment motions.
The District Court reasoned that the summary judgment materials
were “entitled to a lesser presumption of access” because “summary
judgment was denied by the Court.”15 In assigning a “lesser
presumption” to such materials, the District Court relied on a single
sentence of dicta from our decision in United States v. Amodeo.16 We
have since clarified, however, that this sentence was based on a
“quotation from a partial concurrence and partial dissent in the D.C.
Circuit . . . [and] is thus not the considered decision of either this court
or the D.C. Circuit.”17 In fact, we have expressly rejected the
proposition that “different types of documents might receive different
of California, Riverside Cty., 464 U.S. 501, 510 (1984); the protection of attorney‐client
privilege, Lugosch, 435 F.3d at 125; “the danger of impairing law enforcement or
judicial efficiency,” SEC. v. TheStreet.Com, 273 F.3d 222, 232 (2d Cir. 2001); and “the
privacy interest of those who resist disclosure,” id.
Our discussion here focuses specifically on the District Court’s denial of
14
the Herald’s motion to unseal the entire record. Because this decision grants relief
to all Appellants, we need not discuss any separate, additional error in the District
Court’s denial of the earlier motions to unseal.
15 Giuffre, 325 F. Supp. 3d at 444.
71 F.3d 1044, 1049 (2d Cir. 1995) (“Amodeo II”) (“One judge [in the District
16
of Columbia Circuit] has pointed out, for example, that where a district court
denied the summary judgment motion, essentially postponing a final determination
of substantive legal rights, the public interest in access is not as pressing.” (internal
quotation marks omitted; emphasis in original)).
17 Lugosch, 435 F.3d at 121.
12
weights of presumption based on the extent to which they were relied
upon in resolving [a] motion [for summary judgment].”18
Second, in contravention of our precedent, the District Court

failed to review the documents individually and produce “specific, on‐
the‐record findings that sealing is necessary to preserve higher
values.”19 Instead, the District Court made generalized statements
about the record as a whole.20 This too was legal error.
Finally, upon reviewing the summary judgment materials in

connection with this appeal, we find that there is no countervailing
privacy interest sufficient to justify their continued sealing. Remand
with respect to these documents is thus unnecessary. Accordingly, and
to avoid any further delay,21 we order that the summary judgment
documents (with minimal redactions) be unsealed upon issuance of
our mandate.22
18 Id. at 123.
19 Id. at 124.
See, e.g., Giuffre, 325 F. Supp. 3d at 445 (summarily concluding that all
20
“[t]he Summary Judgment Judicial Documents openly refer to and discuss these
allegations [of sexual assault and sexual trafficking] in comprehensive detail, and
that those allegations “establish[] a strong privacy interest here”).
Cf. Lugosch, 435 F.3d at 127 (ordering that “the mandate shall issue
21
forthwith” to expedite the unsealing process).
Upon issuance of our mandate, a minimally redacted version of the
22
summary judgment record will be made accessible on the Court of Appeals docket.
We have implemented minimal redactions to protect personally identifying
information such as personal phone numbers, contact lists, birth dates, and social
13
C. The Remaining Sealed Materials
The law governing disclosure of the remaining sealed material
in this case is only slightly more complex. The Supreme Court has
recognized a qualified right “to inspect and copy judicial records and
documents.”23 In defining “judicial records and documents,” we have
emphasized that “the mere filing of a paper or document with the
court is insufficient to render that paper a judicial document subject to
the right of public access.”24 Instead, “the item filed must be relevant
to the performance of the judicial function and useful in the judicial
process in order for it to be designated a judicial document.”25
As our precedent makes clear, a court “perform[s] the judicial
function” not only when it rules on motions currently before it, but
also when properly exercising its inherent “supervisory powers.”26 A
security numbers. We have also redacted the names of alleged minor victims of
sexual abuse from deposition testimony and police reports, as well as deposition
responses concerning intimate matters where the questions were likely only
permitted—and the responses only compelled—because of a strong expectation of
continued confidentiality. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 5.2. While we appreciate the views
expressed in Judge Pooler’s separate opinion, the panel majority believes that the
efforts invested by three former district judges in reviewing these materials
adequately address those concerns.
23 Nixon, 435 U.S. at 597–98.
24 United States v. Amodeo, 44 F.3d 141, 145 (2d Cir. 1995) (“Amodeo I”).
25 Id.
Cf. United States v. HSBC Bank USA, N.A., 863 F.3d 125, 135 (2d Cir. 2017)
26
(explaining that, in considering whether the report of a monitor charged with
assessing compliance with a deferred prosecution agreement is a judicial
14
document is thus “relevant to the performance of the judicial function”
if it would reasonably have the tendency to influence a district court’s
ruling on a motion or in the exercise of its supervisory powers, without
regard to which way the court ultimately rules or whether the
document ultimately in fact influences the court’s decision.27
Accordingly, if in applying these standards, a court determines that
documents filed by a party are not relevant to the performance of a
judicial function, no presumption of public access attaches.28
Once an item is deemed relevant to the exercise of judicial
power, “the weight to be given the presumption of access must be
governed by the role of the material at issue in the exercise of Article
III judicial power and the resultant value of such information to those
document, “[i]f the district court’s conception of its supervisory power in this
context were correct, the Monitor’s Report would quite obviously be relevant to the
performance of the judicial function and useful in the judicial process” (internal
quotation marks omitted)). Whether a specific judicial decision constitutes a
“performance of the judicial function” is a question of law. Accordingly, we review
such determinations de novo. Id. at 134.
27 Amodeo I, 44 F.3d at 145–46 (concluding that documents were relevant to
the performance of a judicial function because they would have “informed” the
district court’s decision whether to discharge or retain a Receiver); see also FTC. v.
Standard Fin. Mgmt. Corp., 830 F.2d 404, 409 (1st Cir. 1987) (citing Federal Rule of
Evidence 401’s “having any tendency” definition of relevance in determining
whether documents were “judicial documents”).
28 As we explain below, there are several (often preferable) tools beyond
sealing that district courts can use to protect their dockets from becoming a vehicle
for irrelevant—and potentially defamatory—accusations. See Section D, post.
15
monitoring the federal courts.”29 Thus, while evidence introduced at
trial or in connection with summary judgment enjoys a strong
presumption of public access, documents that “play only a negligible
role in the performance of Article III duties” are accorded only a low
presumption that “amounts to little more than a prediction of public
access absent a countervailing reason.”30 Documents that are never
filed with the court, but simply “passed between the parties in
discovery, lie entirely beyond the presumption’s reach.”31
The remaining sealed materials at issue here include filings

related to, inter alia, motions to compel testimony, to quash trial
subpoenae, and to exclude certain deposition testimony. All such
motions, at least on their face, call upon the court to exercise its Article
III powers. Moreover, erroneous judicial decision‐making with respect
to such evidentiary and discovery matters can cause substantial harm.
Such materials are therefore of value “to those monitoring the federal
courts.”32 Thus, all documents submitted in connection with, and
relevant to, such judicial decision‐making are subject to at least some
presumption of public access.33
29 Amodeo II, 71 F.3d at 1049.
30 Id. at 1050.
31 Id.
32 Id. at 1049.
33 In previous decisions, we have identified an important exception to this
general rule: the presumption of public access does not apply to material that is
submitted to the court solely so that the court may decide whether that same
16
Although a court’s authority to oversee discovery and control
the evidence introduced at trial surely constitutes an exercise of
judicial power, we note that this authority is ancillary to the court’s
core role in adjudicating a case. Accordingly, the presumption of
public access in filings submitted in connection with discovery
disputes or motions in limine is generally somewhat lower than the
presumption applied to material introduced at trial, or in connection
with dispositive motions such as motions for dismissal or summary
judgment.34 Thus, while a court must still articulate specific and
substantial reasons for sealing such material, the reasons usually need
not be as compelling as those required to seal summary judgment
filings.
Here, the precise basis for the District Court’s decision to deny
the motion to unseal these remaining materials is unclear. In the three
paragraphs devoted to the issue, the District Court emphasized the
potential for embarrassment “given the highly sensitive nature of the
underlying allegations,” and concluded that “the documents sealed in
the course of discovery were neither relied upon by [the District] Court
in the rendering of an adjudication, nor necessary to or helpful in
resolving a motion.”35 It is therefore unclear whether the District Court
held that these materials were not judicial documents (and thus are
material must be disclosed in the discovery process or shielded by a Protective
Order. See TheStreet.Com, 273 F.3d at 233.
34 Amodeo II, 71 F.3d at 1049–50.
Giuffre, 325 F. Supp. 3d. at 442 (internal quotation marks and brackets
35
omitted).
17
not subject to a presumption of public access), or found that privacy
interests outweighed a limited right of public access.
On either interpretation, however, the District Court’s holding
was error. Insofar as the District Court held that these materials are not
judicial documents because it did not rely on them in adjudicating a
motion, this was legal error. As explained above, the proper inquiry is
whether the documents are relevant to the performance of the judicial
function, not whether they were relied upon.36 Indeed, decision‐
makers often find that a great deal of relevant material does not
ultimately sway their decision. And insofar as the District Court held
that privacy interests outweigh the presumption of public access in
each of the thousands of pages at issue, that decision—which appears
to have been made without particularized review—amounts to an
abuse of discretion.37
In light of the District Court’s failure to conduct an
individualized review of the sealed materials, it is necessary to do so
now. We believe the District Court is best situated to conduct this
review. The District Court can directly communicate with the parties,
and can therefore more swiftly and thoroughly consider particular
objections to unsealing specific materials. Relatedly, the District Court
can obtain the parties’ assistance in effecting any necessary redactions,
and in notifying any outside parties whose privacy interests might be
36 See text accompanying notes 12–18 and 26–28, ante.
37 See In re City of New York, 607 F.3d 923, 943 n.21 (2d Cir. 2010) (explaining
that “abuse of discretion” is a nonpejorative, legal “term of art”).
18
implicated by the unsealing. Accordingly, we remand the cause to the
District Court to conduct such a particularized review and unseal all
documents for which the presumption of public access outweighs any
countervailing privacy interests.
D. Protecting the Integrity of Judicial Proceedings
While we disagree with the District Court’s disposition of the
motions to unseal, we share its concern that court files might be used
to “promote scandal arising out of unproven potentially libelous
statements.”38 We therefore describe certain methods courts can
employ to protect the judicial process from being coopted for such
purposes.
The Supreme Court has explained that “[e]very court has

supervisory power over its own records and files” to ensure they “are
not used to gratify private spite or promote public scandal” or “serve
as reservoirs of libelous statements for press consumption.”39 This
supervisory function is not only within a district court’s power, but
also among its responsibilities.
In practice, district courts may employ several methods to fulfill
this function. They may, for instance, issue protective orders
forbidding dissemination of certain material “to protect a party or
person from annoyance, embarrassment, oppression, or undue
38 Giuffre, 325 F. Supp. 3d at 447.
39 Nixon, 435 U.S. at 598 (internal quotation marks).
19
burden” and require that filings containing such material be submitted
under seal.40 If parties then seek to file such materials, the court may
deny them leave to do so.41 District courts may also seek to counteract
the effect of defamatory statements by explaining on the record that
the statements appear to lack credibility. Moreover, under Federal
Rule of Civil Procedure 12(f), the district court may strike such
material from the filings on the grounds that it is “redundant,
immaterial, impertinent, or scandalous.”42 Because such rejected or
stricken material is not “relevant to the performance of the judicial
function” it would not be considered a “judicial document” and would
enjoy no presumption of public access.43 Finally, in appropriate
40 Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(c); see also TheStreet.Com, 273 F.3d at 229–30.
See, e.g., S.D.N.Y. Electronic Case Filing Rules & Instructions, February 1,
41
2019 Edition, Rule 6.1,

http://nysd.uscourts.gov/ecf/ECF%20Rules%20020119%20Final.pdf.
42 Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(f). Courts may strike material from the pleadings either
“on its own” or “on motion made by a party.” Id. Although motions to strike
material solely “on the ground that the matter is impertinent and immaterial” are
disfavored, when material is also “scandalous,” no such presumption applies. Cf.
Lipsky v. Commonwealth United Corp., 551 F.2d 887, 893 (2d Cir. 1976); see also Talbot
v. Robert Matthews Distrib. Co., 961 F.2d 654, 664 (7th Cir. 1992)
(“Allegations may be stricken as scandalous if the matter bears no possible relation
to the controversy or may cause the objecting party prejudice.”); Wine Markets Intʹl,
Inc. v. Bass, 177 F.R.D. 128, 133 (E.D.N.Y. 1998) (“Motions to strike are not generally
favored, except in relation to scandalous matters.”); Alvarado‐Morales v. Digital
Equip. Corp., 843 F.2d 613, 617–18 (1st Cir. 1988) (categorizing as scandalous “matter
which impugned the character of defendants”).
43 Amodeo I, 44 F.3d at 145.
20
circumstances, district courts may impose sanctions on attorneys and
parties under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11(c).44
E. A Cautionary Note
We conclude with a note of caution to the public regarding the
reliability of court filings such as those unsealed today.
Materials submitted by parties to a court should be understood
for what they are. They do not reflect the court’s own findings. Rather,
they are prepared by parties seeking to advance their own interests in
an adversarial process. Although affidavits and depositions are
offered “under penalty of perjury,” it is in fact exceedingly rare for
anyone to be prosecuted for perjury in a civil proceeding.45 Similarly,
44 In relevant part, Rule 11 provides:
By presenting to the court a pleading, written motion, or other paper . . . an
attorney or unrepresented party certifies that . . . it is not being presented
for any improper purpose, such as to harass, cause unnecessary delay, or
needlessly increase the cost of litigation . . . . [T]he court may impose an
appropriate sanction on any attorney, law firm, or party that violated the
rule or is responsible for the violation . . . . The sanction may include
nonmonetary directives; an order to pay a penalty into court; or, if imposed
on motion and warranted for effective deterrence, an order directing
payment to the movant of part or all of the reasonable attorney’s fees and
other expenses directly resulting from the violation.
Fed. R. Civ. P. 11. See also Amodeo II, 71 F.3d at 1049 (describing sanctions available
to the court).
45 Sonia Sotomayor & Nicole A. Gordon, Returning Majesty to the Law and
Politics: A Modern Approach, 30 Suffolk U. L. Rev. 35, 47 n.52 (1996) (ʺPerjury cases
are not often pursued . . . .”).
21
pleadings, complaints, and briefs—while supposedly based on

underlying evidentiary material—can be misleading. Such documents
sometimes draw dubious inferences from already questionable
material or present ambiguous material as definitive.
Moreover, court filings are, in some respects, particularly

susceptible to fraud. For while the threat of defamation actions may
deter malicious falsehoods in standard publications, this threat is non‐
existent with respect to certain court filings. This is so because, under
New York law (which governs the underlying defamation claim here),
“absolute immunity from liability for defamation exists for oral or
written statements made . . . in connection with a proceeding before a
court.”46 Thus, although the act of filing a document with a court might
be thought to lend that document additional credibility, in fact,
allegations appearing in such documents might be less credible than
those published elsewhere.47
Front, Inc. v. Khalil, 24 N.Y.3d 713, 718 (2015); see also Kelly v. Albarino, 485
46
F.3d 664, 666 (2d Cir. 2007) (adopting the reasoning of the District Court explaining
that this privilege is “the broadest of possible privileges”); Restatement (Second) of
Torts § 587 (1977) (“A party to a private litigation or a private prosecutor or
defendant in a criminal prosecution is absolutely privileged to publish defamatory
matter concerning another in communications preliminary to a proposed judicial
proceeding, or in the institution of or during the course and as a part of, a judicial
proceeding in which he participates, if the matter has some relation to the
proceeding.”). But see note 47, post.
While common law courts have generally interpreted the litigation privilege
47
broadly, they nevertheless maintain an important (if rarely implemented)

limitation on its scope: to qualify for the privilege, a statement must be “material
and pertinent to the questions involved.” Front, 24 N.Y.3d at 718 (quoting Youmans
22
We have long noted that the press plays a vital role in ensuring
the public right of access and in enhancing “the quality and safeguards
the integrity of the factfinding process.”48 When faithfully observing
its best traditions, the print and electronic media “contributes to public
understanding of the rule of law” and “validates [its] claim of
functioning as surrogates for the public.”49
At the same time, the media does the public a profound
disservice when it reports on parties’ allegations uncritically. We have
previously observed that courts cannot possibly “discredit every
statement or document turned up in the course of litigation,” and we
have criticized “the use by the media of the somewhat misleading term
‘court records’ in referring to such items.”50 Even ordinarily critical
v. Smith, 153 N.Y. 214, 219–20 (1897)). It follows, then, that immaterial and
impertinent statements are (at least nominally) actionable, particularly when they
are “so needlessly defamatory as to warrant the inference of express malice.” Id.
(same). It seems to us that when a district court strikes statements from the record
pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(f) on the ground that the matter is “impertinent” and
“immaterial,” it makes the very same determination that permits a defamation
action under the common law. We think the judicial system would be well served
were our common law courts to revitalize this crucial qualification to the litigation
privilege.
48 Westmoreland v. Columbia Broad. Sys., Inc., 752 F.2d 16, 23 (2d Cir. 1984)
(quoting Globe Newspaper Co. v. Superior Court for Norfolk Cty., 457 U.S. 596, 606
(1982)).
Richmond Newspapers, Inc. v. Virginia, 448 U.S. 555, 572–73 (1980) (plurality
49
opinion) (internal quotation marks omitted).
50 Amodeo II, 71 F.3d at 1049.
23
readers may take the reference to “court papers” as some sort of
marker of reliability. This would be a mistake.
We therefore urge the media to exercise restraint in covering
potentially defamatory allegations, and we caution the public to read
such accounts with discernment.
III. CONCLUSION
To summarize, we hold as follows:
(1) Materials submitted in connection with a motion for

summary judgment are subject to a strong presumption of
public access.
(2) The summary judgment record at issue will be unsealed
upon issuance of our mandate, subject to minimal
redactions.51
(3) Materials submitted in connection with, and relevant to,

discovery motions, motions in limine, and other non‐
dispositive motions are subject to a lesser—but still
substantial— presumption of public access.
(4) The District Court is directed to review the remaining sealed
materials individually and unseal those materials as
appropriate.
51 See note 22, ante.
24
(5) District courts should exercise the full range of their
substantial powers to ensure their files do not become
vehicles for defamation.
For the foregoing reasons, we VACATE the orders of the
District Court entered on November 2, 2016, May 3, 2017, and August
27, 2018, ORDER the unsealing of the summary judgment record as
described herein, and REMAND the cause to the District Court for
particularized review of the remaining materials.
In undertaking this task, the District Court may be well‐served
by ordering the parties to submit to the Court unredacted, electronic
copies of the remaining sealed materials, as well as specific, proposed
redactions. The District Court may also order the parties to identify
and notify additional parties whose privacy interests would likely be
implicated by disclosure of these materials.
In the interests of judicial economy, any future appeal in this
matter shall be referred to this panel.
25
POOLER, Circuit Judge, dissenting in part:
I join the Court’s opinion in every respect but one: the decision to unseal
the summary judgment record ourselves. I agree that all or most of the material
must be unsealed. Nevertheless, in my view, the district court is better suited to
the task. As the Court’s opinion recognizes in connection with the remaining
sealed materials, the district court is better positioned to communicate with the
parties and any nonparties whose privacy interests might be affected by
unsealing. On that score, it is worth clarifying here the breadth of the Court’s
unsealing order: it unseals nearly 2000 pages of material. The task of identifying
and making specific redactions in such a substantial volume is perilous; the
consequences of even a seemingly minor error may be grave and are irrevocable.
Moreover, although I share the majority’s concern about avoiding delay, I would
alleviate that concern through other means—perhaps with an order directing the
district court to act expeditiously and by making clear what types of limited
redactions are and are not appropriate. In sum, I would unseal the district court’s
summary judgment decision only and leave the remainder of the materials for
the district court to review, redact, and unseal on remand.
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
--------------------------------------------------X
..
.............................................
Plaintiff,
v.
15-cv-07433-RWS
GHISLAINE MAXWELL,
Defendant.
--------------------------------------------------X
DEFENDANT’S STATEMENT OF MATERIAL UNDISPUTED

FACTS PURSUANT TO LOCAL CIVIL RULE 56.1
Laura A. Menninger
Jeffrey S. Pagliuca
HADDON, MORGAN, AND FOREMAN, P.C.
150 East 10th Avenue
Denver, CO 80203
303.831.7364
Pursuant to Rule 56.1 of the Local Civil Rules of this Court, defendant Ghislaine
Maxwell submits this statement of the material facts as to which she contends there is no genuine
issues to be tried. Ms. Maxwell expressly preserves all of her objections to the admissibility of
the evidence cited herein and in the accompanying memoranda of law and does not waive any
objections by making this submission.
numbered.
1. Ms. Maxwell’s response to publications of plaintiff’s false allegations: the
March 2011 statement. In early 2011 plaintiff in two British tabloid interviews made numerous
false and defamatory allegations against Ms. Maxwell. In the articles, plaintiff made no direct
allegations that Ms. Maxwell was involved in any improper conduct with Jeffrey Epstein, who
had pleaded guilty in 2007 to procuring a minor for prostitution. Nonetheless, plaintiff suggested
that Ms. Maxwell worked with Epstein and may have known about the crime for which he was
convicted.
2. In the articles, plaintiff alleged she had sex with Prince Andrew, “a well-known
businessman,” a “world-renowned scientist,” a “respected liberal politician,” and a “foreign head
of state.”
3. In response to the allegations Ms. Maxwell’s British attorney, working with
Mr. Gow, issued a statement on March 9, 2011, denying “the various allegations about
[Ms. Maxwell] that have appeared recently in the media. These allegations are all entirely false.”
4. The statement read in full:
Statement on Behalf of Ghislaine Maxwell

By Devonshires Solicitors, PRNE
Wednesday, March 9, 2011
London, March 10, 2011 - Ghislaine Maxwell denies the various allegations about
her that have appeared recently in the media. These allegations are all entirely
false.
1
It is unacceptable that letters sent by Ms Maxwell’s legal representatives to

certain newspapers pointing out the truth and asking for the allegations to be
withdrawn have simply been ignored.
In the circumstances, Ms Maxwell is now proceeding to take legal action against
those newspapers.
“I understand newspapers need stories to sell copies. It is well known that certain
newspapers live by the adage, “why let the truth get in the way of a good story.”
However, the allegations made against me are abhorrent and entirely untrue and
I ask that they stop,” said Ghislaine Maxwell.
“A number of newspapers have shown a complete lack of accuracy in their
reporting of this story and a failure to carry out the most elementary investigation
or any real due diligence. I am now taking action to clear my name,” she said.
Media contact:
Ross Gow
Acuity Reputation
Tel: +44-203-008-7790
Mob: +44-7778-755-251
Email: ross@acuityreputation.com
Media contact: Ross Gow, Acuity Reputation, Tel: +44-203-
008-7790, Mob: +44-7778-755-251, Email: ross at acuityreputation.com
5. Plaintiff’s gratuitous and “lurid” accusations in an unrelated action. In 2008 two
alleged victims of Epstein brought an action under the Crime Victims’ Rights Act against the
United States government purporting to challenge Epstein’s plea agreement. They alleged the
government violated their CVRA rights by entering into the agreement.
6. Seven years later, on December 30, 2014, Ms. Giuffre moved to join the CVRA
action, claiming she, too, had her CVRA rights violated by the government. On January 1, 2015,
Ms. Giuffre filed a “corrected” joinder motion.
7. The issue presented in her joinder motion was narrow: whether she should be
permitted to join the CVRA action as a party under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 21,
specifically, whether she was a “known victim[] of Mr. Epstein and the Government owed them
CVRA duties.” Yet, “the bulk of the [motion] consists of copious factual details that [plaintiff]
and [her co-movant] ‘would prove . . . if allowed to join.’” Ms. Giuffre gratuitously included
2
provocative and “lurid details” of her alleged sexual activities as an alleged victim of sexual
trafficking.
8. At the time they filed the motion, Ms. Giuffre and her lawyers knew that the media
had been following the Epstein criminal case and the CVRA action. While they deliberately filed
the motion without disclosing Ms. Giuffre’s name, claiming the need for privacy and secrecy,
they made no attempt to file the motion under seal. Quite the contrary, they filed the motion
publicly.
9. As the district court noted in ruling on the joinder motion, Ms. Giuffre “name[d]
several individuals, and she offers details about the type of sex acts performed and where they
took place.” The court ruled that “these lurid details are unnecessary”: “The factual details
regarding whom and where the Jane Does engaged in sexual activities are immaterial and
impertinent . . ., especially considering that these details involve non-parties who are not related
to the respondent Government.” Accordingly, “[t]hese unnecessary details shall be stricken.” Id.
The court then struck all Ms. Giuffre’s factual allegations relating to her alleged sexual activities
and her allegations of misconduct by non-parties. The court said the striking of the “lurid details”
was a sanction for Ms. Giuffre’s improper inclusion of them in the motion.
10. The district court found not only that the “lurid details” were unnecessary but also
that the entire joinder motion was “entirely unnecessary.” Ms. Giuffre and her lawyers knew the
motion with all its “lurid details” was unnecessary because the motion itself recognized that she
would be able to participate as a fact witness to achieve the same result she sought as a party.
The court denied plaintiff’s joinder motion.
11. One of the non-parties Ms. Giuffre “named” repeatedly in the joinder motion was
Ms. Maxwell. According to the “lurid details” of Ms. Giuffre included in the motion,
3
Ms. Maxwell personally was involved in a “sexual abuse and sex trafficking scheme” created by
Epstein:
 Ms. Maxwell “approached” plaintiff in 1999 when plaintiff was “fifteen years
old” to recruit her into the scheme.
 Ms. Maxwell was “one of the main women” Epstein used to “procure under-
aged girls for sexual activities.”
 Ms. Maxwell was a “primary co-conspirator” with Epstein in his scheme.
 She “persuaded” plaintiff to go to Epstein’s mansion “in a fashion very similar

to the manner in which Epstein and his other co-conspirators coerced dozens of
other children.”
 At the mansion, when plaintiff began giving Epstein a massage, he and

Ms. Maxwell “turned it into a sexual encounter.”
 Epstein “with the assistance of” Ms. Maxwell “converted [plaintiff] into . . . a
‘sex slave.’” Id. Plaintiff was a “sex slave” from “about 1999 through 2002.”
 Ms. Maxwell also was a “co-conspirator in Epstein’s sexual abuse.”
 Ms. Maxwell “appreciated the immunity” she acquired under Epstein’s plea
agreement, because the immunity protected her from prosecution “for the crimes
she committed in Florida.”
 Ms. Maxwell “participat[ed] in the sexual abuse of [plaintiff] and others.”
 Ms. Maxwell “took numerous sexually explicit pictures of underage girls

involved in sexual activities, including [plaintiff].” Id. She shared the photos
with Epstein.
 As part of her “role in Epstein’s sexual abuse ring,” Ms. Maxwell “connect[ed]”
Epstein with “powerful individuals” so that Epstein could traffick plaintiff to
these persons.
 Plaintiff was “forced to have sexual relations” with Prince Andrew in

“[Ms. Maxwell’s] apartment” in London. Ms. Maxwell “facilitated” plaintiff’s
sex with Prince Andrew “by acting as a ‘madame’ for Epstein.”
 Ms. Maxwell “assist[ed] in internationally trafficking” plaintiff and “numerous

other young girls for sexual purposes.”
 Plaintiff was “forced” to watch Epstein, Ms. Maxwell and others “engage in
illegal sexual acts with dozens of underage girls.”
4
12. In the joinder motion, plaintiff also alleged she was “forced” to have sex with
Harvard law professor Alan Dershowitz, “model scout” Jean Luc Brunel, and “many other
powerful men, including numerous prominent American politicians, powerful business
executives, foreign presidents, a well-known Prime Minister, and other world leaders.”
13. Plaintiff said after serving for four years as a “sex slave,” she “managed to escape to
a foreign country and hide out from Epstein and his co-conspirators for years.”
14. Plaintiff suggested the government was part of Epstein’s “conspiracy” when it
“secretly” negotiated a non-prosecution agreement with Eptstein precluding federal prosecution
of Epstein and his “co-conspirators.” The government’s secrecy, plaintiff alleged, was motivated
by its fear that plaintiff would raise “powerful objections” to the agreement that would have
“shed tremendous public light on Epstein and other powerful individuals.
15. Notably, the other “Jane Doe” who joined plaintiff’s motion who alleged she was
sexually abused “many occasions” by Epstein was unable to corroborate any of plaintiff’s
allegations.
16. Also notably, in her multiple and lengthy consensual interviews with Ms. Churcher
three years earlier, plaintiff told Ms. Churcher of virtually none of the details she described in the
joinder motion.
17. Ms. Maxwell’s response to plaintiff’s “lurid” accusations: the January 2015
statement. As plaintiff and her lawyers expected, before District Judge Marra in the CVRA
action could strike the “lurid details” of plaintiff’s allegations in the joinder motion, members of
the media obtained copies of the motion.
18. At Mr. Barden’s direction, on January 3, 2015, Mr. Gow sent to numerous
representatives of British media organizations an email containing “a quotable statement on
5
behalf of Ms Maxwell.” The email was sent to more than 6 and probably less than 30 media
representatives. It was not sent to non-media representatives.
19. Among the media representatives were Martin Robinson of the Daily Mail; P.
Peachey of The Independent; Nick Sommerlad of The Mirror; David Brown of The Times; and
Nick Always and Jo-Anne Pugh of the BBC; and David Mercer of the Press Association. These
representatives were selected based on their request—after the joinder motion was filed—for a
response from Ms. Maxwell to plaintiff’s allegations in the motion.
20. The email to the media members read:
To Whom It May Concern,

Please find attached a quotable statement on behalf of Ms Maxwell.
No further communication will be provided by her on this matter.
Thanks for your understanding.
Best
Ross
Ross Gow
ACUITY Reputation
Jane Doe 3 is Virginia Roberts—so not a new individual. The allegations made by
Victoria Roberts against Ghislaine Maxwell are untrue. The original allegations
are not new and have been fully responded to and shown to be untrue.
Each time the story is re told [sic] it changes with new salacious details about
public figures and world leaders and now it is alleged by Ms Roberts [sic] that
Alan Derschowitz [sic] is involved in having sexual relations with her, which he
denies.
Ms Roberts claims are obvious lies and should be treated as such and not
publicised as news, as they are defamatory.
Ghislaine Maxwell’s original response to the lies and defamatory claims remains
the same. Maxwell strongly denies allegations of an unsavoury nature, which
have appeared in the British press and elsewhere and reserves her right to seek
redress at the repetition of such old defamatory claims.
21. Mr. Barden, who prepared the January 2015 statement, did not intend it as a
traditional press release solely to disseminate information to the media. So he intentionally did
not pass it through a public relations firm, such as Mr. Gow’s firm, Acuity Reputation.
6
22. The January 2015 statement served two purposes. First, Mr. Barden intended that it
mitigate the harm to Ms. Maxwell’s reputation from the press’s republication of plaintiff’s false
allegations. He believed these ends could be accomplished by suggesting to the media that,
among other things, they should subject plaintiff’s allegations to inquiry and scrutiny. For
example, he noted in the statement that plaintiff’s allegations changed dramatically over time,
suggesting that they are “obvious lies” and therefore should not be “publicised as news.”
23. Second, Mr. Barden intended the January 2015 statement to be “a shot across the
bow” of the media, which he believed had been unduly eager to publish plaintiff’s allegations
without conducting any inquiry of their own. Accordingly, in the statement he repeatedly noted
that plaintiff’s allegations were “defamatory.” In this sense, the statement was intended as a
cease and desist letter to the media-recipients, letting the media-recipients understand the
seriousness with which Ms. Maxwell considered the publication of plaintiff’s obviously false
allegations and the legal indefensibility of their own conduct.
24. Consistent with those two purposes, Mr. Gow’s emails prefaced the statement with
the following language: “Please find attached a quotable statement on behalf of Ms Maxwell”
(emphasis supplied). The statement was intended to be a single, one-time-only, comprehensive
response—quoted in full—to plaintiff’s December 30, 2014, allegations that would give the
media Ms. Maxwell’s response. The purpose of the prefatory statement was to inform the media-
recipients of this intent.
25. Plaintiff’s activities to bring light to the rights of victims of sexual abuse.
Plaintiff has engaged in numerous activities to bring attention to herself, to the prosecution and
punishment of wealthy individuals such as Epstein, and to her claimed interest of bringing light
to the rights of victims of sexual abuse.
7
26. Plaintiff created an organization, Victims Refuse Silence, Inc., a Florida corporation,
directly related to her alleged experience as a victim of sexual abuse.
27. The “goal” of Victims Refuse Silence “was, and continues to be, to help survivors
surmount the shame, silence, and intimidation typically experienced by victims of sexual abuse.”
Toward this end, plaintiff has “dedicated her professional life to helping victims of sex
trafficking.”
28. Plaintiff repeatedly has sought out media organizations to discuss her alleged
experience as a victim of sexual abuse.
29. On December 30, 2014, plaintiff publicly filed an “entirely unnecessary” joinder
motion laden with “unnecessary,” “lurid details” about being “sexually abused” as a “minor
victim[]” by wealthy and famous men and being “trafficked” all around the world as a “sex
slave.”
30. The plaintiff’s alleged purpose in filing the joinder motion was to “vindicate” her
rights under the CVRA, expose the government’s “secretly negotiated” “non-prosecution
agreement” with Epstein, “shed tremendous public light” on Epstein and “other powerful
individuals” that would undermine the agreement, and support the CVRA plaintiffs’ request for
documents that would show how Epstein “used his powerful political and social connections to
secure a favorable plea deal” and the government’s “motive” to aid Epstein and his “co-
conspirators.”
31. Plaintiff has written the manuscript of a book she has been trying to publish detailing
her alleged experience as a victim of sexual abuse and of sex trafficking in Epstein’s alleged “sex
scheme.”
8
32. Republication alleged by plaintiff. Plaintiff was required by Interrogatory No. 6 to
identify any false statements attributed to Ms. Maxwell that were “‘published globally, including
within the Southern District of New York,’” as plaintiff alleged in Paragraph 9 of Count I of her
complaint. In response, plaintiff identified the January 2015 statement and nine instances in
which various news media published portions of the January 2015 statement in news articles or
broadcast stories.
33. In none of the nine instances was there any publication of the entire January 2015
statement.
34. Ms. Maxwell and her agents exercised no control or authority over any media
organization, including the media identified in plaintiff’s response to Interrogatory No. 6, in
connection with the media’s publication of portions of the January 2015 statement.
35. Plaintiff’s defamation action against Ms. Maxwell. Eight years after Epstein’s
guilty plea, plaintiff brought this action, repeating many of the allegations she made in her
CVRA joinder motion.
36. The complaint alleged that the January 2015 statement “contained the following
deliberate falsehoods”:
(a) That Giuffre’s sworn allegations “against Ghislaine Maxwell are untrue.”
(b) That the allegations have been “shown to be untrue.”
(c) That Giuffre’s “claims are obvious lies.”
37. Plaintiff lived independently from her parents with her fiancé long before
meeting Epstein or Ms. Maxwell. After leaving the Growing Together drug rehabilitation
facility in 1999, plaintiff moved in with the family of a fellow patient. There she met, and
became engaged to, her friend’s brother, James Michael Austrich. She and Austrich thereafter
9
rented an apartment in the Ft. Lauderdale area with another friend and both worked at various
jobs in that area. Later, they stayed briefly with plaintiff’s parents in the Palm Beach/
Loxahatchee, Florida area before Austrich rented an apartment for the couple on Bent Oak Drive
in Royal Palm Beach. Although plaintiff agreed to marry Austrich, she never had any intention
of doing so.
38. Plaintiff re-enrolled in high school from June 21, 2000 until March 7, 2002.
After finishing the 9th grade school year at Forest Hills High School on June 9, 1999, plaintiff re-
enrolled at Wellington Adult High School on June 21, 2000, again on August 16, 2000 and on
August 14, 2001. On September 20, 2001, Plaintiff then enrolled at Royal Palm Beach High
School. A few weeks later, on October 12, 2001, she matriculated at Survivors Charter School.
Id. Survivor’s Charter School was an alternative school designed to assist students who had been
unsuccessful at more traditional schools. Plaintiff remained enrolled at Survivor’s Charter School
until March 7, 2002. She was present 56 days and absent 13 days during her time there. Id.
Plaintiff never received her high school diploma or GED. Plaintiff and Figueroa went “back to
school” together at Survivor’s Charter School. The school day there lasted from morning until
early afternoon.
39. During the year 2000, plaintiff worked at numerous jobs. In 2000, while living
with her fiancé, plaintiff held five different jobs: at Aviculture Breeding and Research Center,
Southeast Employee Management Company, The Club at Mar-a-Lago, Oasis Outsourcing, and
Neiman Marcus. Her taxable earnings that year totaled nearly $9,000. Plaintiff cannot now recall
either the Southeast Employee Management Company or the Oasis Outsourcing jobs.
40. Plaintiff’s employment at the Mar-a-Lago spa began in fall 2000. Plaintiff’s
father, Sky Roberts, was hired as a maintenance worker at the The Mar-a-Lago Club in Palm
10
Beach, Florida, beginning on April 11, 2000. Mr. Roberts worked there year-round for
approximately 3 years. After working there for a period of time, Mr. Roberts became acquainted
with the head of the spa area and recommended plaintiff for a job there. Mar-a-Lago closes every
Mother’s Day and reopens on November 1. Most of employees Mar-a-Lago, including all
employees of the spa area such as “spa attendants,” are “seasonal” and work only when the club
is open, i.e., between November 1 and Mother’s Day. Plaintiff was hired as a “seasonal” spa
attendant to work at the Mar-a-Lago Club in the fall of 2000 after she had turned 17.
41. Plaintiff represented herself as a masseuse for Jeffrey Epstein. While working at
the Mar-a-Lago spa and reading a library book about massage, plaintiff met Ms. Maxwell.
Plaintiff thereafter told her father that she got a job working for Jeffrey Epstein as a masseuse.
Plaintiff’s father took her to Epstein’s house on one occasion around that time, and Epstein came
outside and introduced himself to Mr. Roberts. Plaintiff commenced employment as a traveling
masseuse for Mr. Epstein. Plaintiff was excited about her job as a masseuse, about traveling
with him and about meeting famous people. Plaintiff represented that she was employed as a
masseuse beginning in January 2001. Plaintiff never mentioned Ms. Maxwell to her then-fiancé,
Austrich. Plaintiff’s father never met Ms. Maxwell.
42. Plaintiff resumed her relationship with convicted felon Anthony Figueroa. In
spring 2001, while living with Austich, plaintiff lied to and cheated on him with her high school
boyfriend, Anthony Figueroa. Plaintiff and Austrich thereafter broke up, and Figueroa moved
into the Bent Oak apartment with plaintiff. When Austrich returned to the Bent Oak apartment to
check on his pets and retrieve his belongings, Figueroa in Plaintiff’s presence punched Austrich
in the face. Figueroa and plaintiff fled the scene before police arrived. Figueroa was then a
convicted felon and a drug abuser on probation for possession of a controlled substance.
11
43. Plaintiff freely and voluntarily contacted the police to come to her aid in 2001
and 2002 but never reported to them that she was Epstein’s “sex slave.” In August 2001 at
age 17, while living in the same apartment, plaintiff and Figueroa hosted a party with a number
of guests. During the party, according to plaintiff, someone entered plaintiff’s room and stole
$500 from her shirt pocket. Plaintiff contacted the police. She met and spoke with police officers
regarding the incident and filed a report. She did not disclose to the officer that she was a “sex
slave.” A second time, in June 2002, plaintiff contacted the police to report that her former
landlord had left her belongings by the roadside and had lit her mattress on fire. Again, plaintiff
met and spoke with the law enforcement officers but did not complain that she was the victim of
any sexual trafficking or abuse or that she was then being held as a “sex slave.”
44. From August 2001 until September 2002, Epstein and Maxwell were almost
entirely absent from Florida on documented travel unaccompanied by Plaintiff. Flight logs
maintained by Epstein’s private pilot Dave Rodgers evidence the substantial number of trips
away from Florida that Epstein and Maxwell took, unaccompanied by Plaintiff, between August
2001 and September 2002. Rodgers maintained a log of all flights on which Epstein and
Maxwell traveled with him. Epstein additionally traveled with another pilot who did not keep
such logs and he also occasionally traveled via commercial flights. For substantially all of
thirteen months of the twenty-two months (from November 2000 until September 2002) that
Plaintiff lived in Palm Beach and knew Epstein, Epstein was traveling outside of Florida
unaccompanied by Plaintiff. During this same period of time, Plaintiff was employed at various
jobs, enrolled in school, and living with her boyfriend.
45. Plaintiff and Figueroa shared a vehicle during 2001 and 2002. Plaintiff and
Figueroa shared a ’93 white Pontiac in 2001 and 2002. Plaintiff freely traveled around the Palm
12
Beach area in that vehicle. In August 2002, Plaintiff acquired a Dodge Dakota pickup truck from
her father. Figueroa used that vehicle in a series of crimes before and after Plaintiff left for
Thailand.
46. Plaintiff held a number of jobs in 2001 and 2002. During 2001 and 2002, plaintiff
was gainfully employed at several jobs. She worked as a waitress at Mannino’s Restaurant, at
TGIFriday’s restaurant (aka CCI of Royal Palm Inc.), and at Roadhouse Grill. She also was
employed at Courtyard Animal Hospital (aka Marc Pinkwasser DVM).
47. In September 2002, Plaintiff traveled to Thailand to receive massage training
and while there, met her future husband and eloped with him. Plaintiff traveled to Thailand
in September 2002 to receive formal training as a masseuse. Figueroa drove her to the airport.
While there, she initially contacted Figueroa frequently, incurring a phone bill of $4,000. She
met Robert Giuffre while in Thailand and decided to marry him. She thereafter ceased all contact
with Figueroa from October 2002 until two days before Mr. Figueroa’s deposition in this matter
in May 2016.
48. Detective Recarey’s investigation of Epstein failed to uncover any evidence that
Ms. Maxwell was involved in sexual abuse of minors, sexual trafficking or production or
possession of child pornography. Joseph Recarey served as the lead detective from the Palm
Beach Police Department charged with investigating Jeffrey Epstein. That investigation
commenced in 2005. Recarey worked only on the Epstein case for an entire year. He reviewed
previous officers’ reports and interviews, conducted numerous interviews of witnesses and
alleged victims himself, reviewed surveillance footage of the Epstein home, participated in and
had knowledge of the search warrant executed on the Epstein home, and testified regarding the
case before the Florida state grand jury against Epstein. Detective Recarey’s investigation
13
revealed that not one of the alleged Epstein victims ever mentioned Ms. Maxwell’s name and she
was never considered a suspect by the government. None of Epstein’s alleged victims said they
had seen Ms. Maxwell at Epstein’s house, nor said they had been “recruited by her,” nor paid
any money by her, nor told what to wear or how to act by her. Indeed, none of Epstein’s alleged
victims ever reported to the government they had met or spoken to Ms. Maxwell. Maxwell was
not seen coming or going from the house during the law enforcement surveillance of Epstein’s
home. The arrest warrant did not mention Ms. Maxwell and her name was never mentioned
before the grand jury. No property belonging to Maxwell, including “sex toys” or “child
pornography,” was seized from Epstein’s home during execution of the search warrant. Detective
Recarey, when asked to describe “everything that you believe you know about Ghislaine
Maxwell’s sexual trafficking conduct,” replied, “I don’t.” He confirmed he has no knowledge
about Ms. Maxwell sexually trafficking anybody. Detective Recarey also has no knowledge of
Plaintiff’s conduct that is subject of this lawsuit.
49. No nude photograph of Plaintiff was displayed in Epstein’s home. Epstein’s
housekeeper, Juan Alessi, “never saw any photographs of Virginia Roberts in Mr. Epstein’s
house.” Detective Recarey entered Epstein’s home in 2002 to install security cameras to catch a
thief and did not observe any “child pornography” within the home, including on Epstein’s desk
in his office.
50. Plaintiff intentionally destroyed her “journal” and “dream journal” regarding
her “memories” of this case in 2013 while represented by counsel. Plaintiff drafted a
“journal” describing individuals to whom she claims she was sexually trafficked as well as her
memories and thoughts about her experiences with Epstein. In 2013, she and her husband created
a bonfire in her backyard in Florida and burned the journal together with other documents in her
14
possession. Id. Plaintiff also kept a “dream journal” regarding her thoughts and memories that
she possessed in January 2016. To date, Plaintiff cannot locate the “dream journal.”
51. Plaintiff publicly peddled her story beginning in 2011. Plaintiff granted journalist
Sharon Churcher extensive interviews that resulted in seven (7) widely distributed articles from
March 2011 through January 2015. Churcher regularly communicated with plaintiff and her
“attorneys or other agents” from “early 2011” to “the present day.” Plaintiff received
approximately $160,000 for her stories and pictures that were published by many news
organizations.
52. Plaintiff drafted a 144-page purportedly autobiographical book manuscript in
2011 which she actively sought to publish. In 2011, contemporaneous with her Churcher
interviews, plaintiff drafted a book manuscript which purported to document plaintiff’s
experiences as a teenager in Florida, including her interactions with Epstein and Maxwell.
Plaintiff communicated with literary agents, ghost writers and potential independent publishers
in an effort to get her book published. She generated marketing materials and circulated those
along with book chapters to numerous individuals associated with publishing and the media.
53. Plaintiff’s publicly filed “lurid” CVRA pleadings initiated a media frenzy and
generated highly publicized litigation between her lawyers and Alan Dershowitz. On
December 30, 2014, plaintiff, through counsel, publicly filed a joinder motion that contained her
“lurid allegations” about Ms. Maxwell and many others, including Alan Dershowitz, Prince
Andrew, Jean-Luc Brunel. The joinder motion was followed by a “corrected” motion and two
further declarations in January and February 2015, which repeated many of plaintiff’s claims.
These CVRA pleadings generated a media maelstrom and spawned highly publicized litigation
between plaintiff’s lawyers, Edwards and Cassell, and Alan Dershowitz. After plaintiff publicly
15
alleged Mr. Dershowitz of sexual misconduct, Mr. Dershowitz vigorously defended himself in
the media. He called plaintiff a liar and accused her lawyers of unethical conduct. In response,
attorneys Edwards and Cassell sued Dershowitz who counterclaimed. This litigation, in turn,
caused additional media attention by national and international media organizations.
54. Plaintiff formed non-profit Victims Refuse Silence to attract publicity and
speak out on a public controversy. In 2014, plaintiff, with the assistance of the same counsel,
formed a non-profit organization, Victims Refuse Silence. According to plaintiff, the purpose of
the organization is to promote plaintiff’s professed cause against sex slavery. The stated goal of
her organization is to help survivors surmount the shame, silence, and intimidation typically
experienced by victims of sexual abuse. Plaintiff attempts to promote Victims Refuse Silence at
every opportunity. For example, plaintiff participated in an interview in New York with ABC to
promote the charity and to get her mission out to the public.
Dated: January 6, 2017
Respectfully submitted,
/s/ Laura A. Menninger

Laura A. Menninger (LM-1374)
Jeffrey S. Pagliuca (pro hac vice)
HADDON, MORGAN AND FOREMAN, P.C.
150 East 10th Avenue
Denver, CO 80203
Phone: 303.831.7364
Fax: 303.832.2628
lmenninger@hmflaw.com
Attorneys for Ghislaine Maxwell
16
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I certify that on January 6, 2017, I electronically served this Defendant’s Statement of Material
Undisputed Facts Pursuant to Local Civil Rule 56.1 via ECF on the following:
Sigrid S. McCawley Paul G. Cassell

Meredith Schultz 383 S. University Street
BOIES, SCHILLER & FLEXNER, LLP Salt Lake City, UT 84112
401 East Las Olas Boulevard, Ste. 1200 cassellp@law.utah.edu
Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33301
smccawley@bsfllp.com
mschultz@bsfllp.com
J. Stanley Pottinger
Bradley J. Edwards 49 Twin Lakes Rd.
FARMER, JAFFE, WEISSING, EDWARDS, South Salem, NY 10590
FISTOS & LEHRMAN, P.L. StanPottinger@aol.com
425 North Andrews Ave., Ste. 2
brad@pathtojustice.com
/s/ Nicole Simmons
Nicole Simmons
17
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
-------------------------------------------------X
...........................................
Plaintiff,
v. 15-cv-07433-RWS
.....
GHISLAINE MAXWELL,
Defendant.
--------------------------------------------------X
Declaration of Laura A. Menninger in Support of

Defendant’s Motion For Summary Judgment
I, Laura A. Menninger, declare as follows:
1. I am an attorney at law duly licensed in the State of New York and admitted to
practice in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. I am a
member of the law firm Haddon, Morgan & Foreman, P.C., counsel of record for Defendant
Ghislaine Maxwell in this action. I respectfully submit this Declaration in support of
Ms. Maxwell’s Motion for Summary Judgment.1
2. Attached as Exhibit A is a true and correct copy of an article by Sharon Churcher
entitled “Prince Andrew and the 17-year-old girl his sex offender flew to Britain to meet him,”
DAILY MAIL, dated March 2, 2011.
1
At trial, defendant intends to produce either the custodian of record relevant to any
disputed document or a certification in compliance with either Fed. R. Evid. P. 803 and/or 902.
See Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c). Apart from deposition testimony, the majority of non-deposition
documents herein were either produced by plaintiff or obtained with releases signed by plaintiff.
3. Attached as Exhibit B is a true and correct copy of an article by Sharon Churcher
entitled “Teenage girl recruited by paedophile Jeffrey Epstein reveals how she twice met Bill
Clinton,” DAILY MAIL, dated March 5, 2011.
4. Attached as Exhibit C is a true and correct copy of a statement on behalf of Ms.
Maxwell dated March 9, 2011.
5. Attached as Exhibit D (filed under seal) is a true and correct copy of the corrected
Motion for Joinder, Doe v. United States, No. 08-80736-Civ-Marra/Johnson (S.D. Fla. Jan. 2,
2015).
6. Attached as Exhibit E is a true and correct copy of an Order Denying Motion to Join
Under Rule 21, Doe v. United States, No. 08-80736-Civ-Marra/Johnson (S.D. Fla. Apr. 7, 2016).
7. Attached as Exhibit F is a true and correct copy of a statement on behalf of Ms.
Maxwell dated January 2, 2015.
8. Attached as Exhibit G (filed under seal) are true and correct copies of excerpts from
the November 18, 2016 deposition of Ross Gow, designated Confidential under the Protective
Order.
9. Attached as Exhibit H (filed under seal) is a true and correct copy of Plaintiff’s
Response to Second Request for Production and to Interrogatories and Requests for Admissions,
dated July 1, 2016.
10. Attached as Exhibit I (filed under seal) is a true and correct copy of Plaintiff’s
Supplemental Responses to to Interrogatory Nos. 6, 12 and 13, dated August 17, 2016,
designated Confidential under the Protective Order.
2
11. Attached as Exhibit J (filed under seal) is a true and correct copy of the Declaration
of Ghislaine Maxwell, dated January 6, 2017.
12. Attached as Exhibit K (filed under seal) is a true and correct copy of the Declaration
of Philip Barden, dated January 6, 2017.
13. Attached as Exhibit L (filed under seal) are true and correct copies of excerpts from
the June 23, 2016 deposition of James Austrich, designated Confidential under the Protective
Order.
14. Attached as Exhibit M (filed under seal) is a true and correct copy of Plaintiff’s
passport application, dated January 12, 2001, designated Confidential under the Protective Order.
15. Attached as Exhibit N (filed under seal) are true and correct copies of excerpts from
the May 3, 2016 deposition of Virginia Giuffre, designated Confidential under the Protective
Order.
16. Attached as Exhibit O (filed under seal) are true and correct copies of Plaintiff’s
school records Bates stamped GM_00888 and GIUFFREE004981-88 and designated
Confidential under the Protective Order.
17. Attached as Exhibit P (filed under seal) are true and correct copies of excerpts from
the June 24, 2016 deposition of Tony Figueroa, designated Confidential under the Protective
Order.
18. Attached as Exhibit Q (filed under seal) are true and correct copies of excerpts from
the November 14, 2016 deposition of Virginia Giuffre, designated Confidential under the
Protective Order.
3
19. Attached as Exhibit R (filed under seal) is a true and correct copy of Plaintiff’s
Social Security records dated October 25, 2016, Bates stamped GIUFFRE009175, designated
Confidential under the Protective Order.
20. Attached as Exhibit S (filed under seal) is a true and correct copy of Mar-A-Lago
records, Bates stamped MAR-A-LAGO-0001 and MAR-A-LAGO-0161-0177.
21. Attached as Exhibit T (filed under seal) is a true and correct copies of excerpts from
the May 20, 2016 deposition of Sky Roberts, designated Confidential under the Protective Order.
22. Attached as Exhibit U (filed under seal) ) is a true and correct copy of the Mar-A-
Lago employee handbook, dated October 28, 1995, Bates stamped MAR-A-LAGO-0178-0243.
23. Attached as Exhibit V (filed under seal) is a true and correct copy of the Mar-A-Lago
advertisement, Bates stamped MAR-A-LAGO-0086.
24. Attached as Exhibit W (filed under seal) is a true and correct copy of Plaintiff’s
Courtyard Animal Hospital employment application, Bates stamped GIUFFRE009201-11,
designated Confidential under the Protective Order.
25. Attached as Exhibit X(filed under seal) is a true and correct copy of the Royal Palm
Beach Police Department Offense Report date, June 10, 2001, Bates stamped GM_00780-82.
26. Attached as Exhibit Y (filed under seal) is a true and correct copy of the Royal Palm
Beach Police Department Probable Cause Affidavit date, November 19, 1999, Bates stamped
GM_01223-28.
27. Attached as Exhibit Z (filed under seal) is a true and correct copy of the Royal Palm
Beach Police Department Offense Report date, August 3, 2001, Bates stamped GM_00777-79.
4
28. Attached as Exhibit AA (filed under seal) is a true and correct copy of the Palm
Beach County Sheriff’s Offense Report date, June 02, 2002, Bates stamped GM_00748-79.
29. Attached as Exhibit BB (filed under seal) are true and correct copies of David
Rodgers flight logs from November 1995 to May 2013, Bates stamped DR__0001-DR0107.
30. Attached as Exhibit CC (filed under seal) is a true and correct copy of excerpts from
the June 3, 2016 deposition of David Rodgers, designated Confidential under the Protective
Order.
31. Exhibit DD left intentionally blank.
32. Attached as Exhibit EE (filed under seal) is a true and correct copy of the Royal
Palm Beach Police Citation Tracking Report date, June 19, 2002, Bates stamped GM_00776.
33. Attached as Exhibit FF (filed under seal) is a true and correct copy of the Palm
Beach County Sheriff’s Offense Report, Bates stamped GM_01202-28.
34. Attached as Exhibit GG (filed under seal) is a true and correct copies of excerpts
from the June 21, 2016 deposition of Joseph Recarey, designated Confidential under the
Protective Order.
35. Attached as Exhibit HH (filed under seal) is a true and correct copy of the Affidavit
of Juan P. Alessi, dated January 13, 2016, Bates stamped GM_01197-1201.
36. Attached as Exhibit II (filed under seal) is a true and correct copy of excerpts from
the Deposition of Virginia Giuffre taken in Cassell v. Dershowitz, on January 16, 2016, and
designated as Confidential under the Protective Order.
5
37. Attached as Exhibit JJ (filed under seal) is a true and correct copy of Errata Sheet
from the January 16, 2016 deposition of Virginia Giuffre taken in Cassell v. Dershowitz, dated
February 11, 2016 and designated by Plaintiff as Confidential under the Protective Order.
38. Attached as Exhibit KK (filed under seal) is a true and correct copy of The
Billionaire Playboys Club book manuscript, designated by Plaintiff as Confidential under the
Protective Order.
39. Attached as Exhibit LL is a true and correct copy of the Victims Refuse Silence, Inc.
Articles of Incorporation dated December 23, 2014, GIUFFRE001064-65.
40. Attached as Exhibit MM (filed under seal) is a true and correct copy of excerpts from
the September 8, 2016 deposition of Brittany Henderson, designated Confidential under the
Protective Order.
I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.
Executed on January 6, 2017.
s/ Laura A. Menninger
Laura A. Menninger
6
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I certify that on January 6, 2017, I electronically served this Declaration of Laura A. Menninger
in Support of Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment via ECF on the following:
Sigrid S. McCawley Paul G. Cassell

Meredith Schultz 383 S. University Street
BOIES, SCHILLER & FLEXNER, LLP Salt Lake City, UT 84112
401 East Las Olas Boulevard, Ste. 1200 cassellp@law.utah.edu
smccawley@bsfllp.com
mschultz@bsfllp.com
J. Stanley Pottinger
Bradley J. Edwards 49 Twin Lakes Rd.
FARMER, JAFFE, WEISSING, EDWARDS, South Salem, NY 10590
FISTOS & LEHRMAN, P.L. StanPottinger@aol.com
425 North Andrews Ave., Ste. 2
brad@pathtojustice.com
/s/ Nicole Simmons
Nicole Simmons

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Selected docket entries for case 18−2868

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Filed Document Description Page Docket Text

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

Julie Brown, Miami Herald Media Company,

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the petition is denied.

FOR THE COURT:

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

Before: José A. Cabranes,

Julie Brown, Miami Herald Media Company,

Alan M. Dershowitz, Michael Cernovich,

For the Court:

Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe,

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

Before: José A. Cabranes,

Julie Brown, Miami Herald Media Company,

For the Court:

Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe,

MANDATE ISSUED ON 08/09/2019

Intervenors‐Appellants Alan Dershowitz, Michael Cernovich,

District Court failed to conduct the requisite particularized review

Intervenors‐Appellants Alan M. Dershowitz (“Dershowitz”),

Dershowitz moved to intervene, seeking to “strike the

defense or any redundant, immaterial, impertinent, or scandalous

On September 21, 2015, Giuffre filed the underlying action

future sealing requests. In total, 167 documents—nearly one‐fifth of

On January 6, 2017, Maxwell filed a motion for summary

The Appellants timely appealed from each of the orders

summary judgment materials and individualized review of the

When reviewing a district court’s decision to seal a filing or

Second, in contravention of our precedent, the District Court

Finally, upon reviewing the summary judgment materials in

The remaining sealed materials at issue here include filings

The Supreme Court has explained that “[e]very court has

2019 Edition, Rule 6.1,

pleadings, complaints, and briefs—while supposedly based on

Moreover, court filings are, in some respects, particularly

broadly, they nevertheless maintain an important (if rarely implemented)

(1) Materials submitted in connection with a motion for

(3) Materials submitted in connection with, and relevant to,

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

DEFENDANT’S STATEMENT OF MATERIAL UNDISPUTED

objections by making this submission.

1. Ms. Maxwell’s response to publications of plaintiff’s false allegations: the

businessman,” a “world-renowned scientist,” a “respected liberal politician,” and a “foreign head

3. In response to the allegations Ms. Maxwell’s British attorney, working with

4. The statement read in full:

Statement on Behalf of Ghislaine Maxwell

It is unacceptable that letters sent by Ms Maxwell’s legal representatives to

5. Plaintiff’s gratuitous and “lurid” accusations in an unrelated action. In 2008 two

government violated their CVRA rights by entering into the agreement.

Ms. Giuffre filed a “corrected” joinder motion.

The court denied plaintiff’s joinder motion.

 Ms. Maxwell was a “primary co-conspirator” with Epstein in his scheme.

 She “persuaded” plaintiff to go to Epstein’s mansion “in a fashion very similar

 At the mansion, when plaintiff began giving Epstein a massage, he and

 Ms. Maxwell also was a “co-conspirator in Epstein’s sexual abuse.”

 Ms. Maxwell “participat[ed] in the sexual abuse of [plaintiff] and others.”

 Ms. Maxwell “took numerous sexually explicit pictures of underage girls

 Plaintiff was “forced to have sexual relations” with Prince Andrew in

 Ms. Maxwell “assist[ed] in internationally trafficking” plaintiff and “numerous

powerful men, including numerous prominent American politicians, powerful business

“secretly” negotiated a non-prosecution agreement with Eptstein precluding federal prosecution

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