1

MANUAL ANALYSIS OF PLANE TRUSS ( AXIAL STIFFNESS APPROACH)

4m 90KN

3m 72KN

Figure 5.1

The figure shown above is a 3-member truss system supported by pin and a roller
support. It has the following properties;

A1=600mm2 , A2=1000mm2, A3=800mm2, E=200GPa, L12=3m, and L31=4m.

Solution u6,P6

u5, P5

u2, P2 u4,P4
1 2
u1, P1 u3,P3

Member stiffness calculation;

From equation 2.9

1
 2

c2 cs -c2 -cs

𝐸𝐴
k= cs s2 -cs -s2
𝐿

-c2 -cs c2 cs

-cs -s2 cs s2

Member 1-2
𝐸𝐴 200∗600
= =40*10^3KN/m
𝐿 3

α=0

1 2 3 4

1 0 -1 0 1

k12= 40*10^3 0 0 0 0 2

-1 0 0 0 3

0 0 0 0 4

Member 2-3; node 2

𝐸𝐴 200∗1000
= =40*10^3KN/m
𝐿 √(4+3)2

2
 3

α=180-(sin)-14/5= 126.87

3 4 5 6

0.36 -0.48 -0.36 0.48 3

k23= 40*10^3 -0.48 0.64 0.48 -0.64 4

-0.36 0.48 0.36 -0.48 5

0.48 -0.64 -0.48 0.64 6

Member 3-1; node 3

𝐸𝐴 200∗800
= =40*10^3KN/m
𝐿 4

α=270

5 6 1 2

0 0 0 0 5

k31= 40*10^3 0 1 0 -1 6

0 0 0 0 1

0 -1 0 1 2

3
 4

Assembling of global stiffness matrix, Kg

Kg=Systematic addition of k12, k23 and k31

Therefore ; Kg= 40*10^3(k12 +k23+ k31)

1 2 3 4 5 6

(1+0+0) (0+0+0) (-1+0+0) (0+0+0) (0+0+0) (0+0+0) 1

(0+0+0) (0+0+1) (0+0+0) (0+0+0) (0+0+0) (0+0-1) 2

(-1+0+0) (0+0+0) (1+0.36+0) (0+-0.48+0) (0-0.36+0) (0+0.48+0) 3

(0+0+0) (0+0+0) (0+ -0.48+0) (0+0.64+0) (0+0.48+0) (0-0.64+0) 4

(0+0+0) (0+0+0) (0-0.36+0) ( 0+0.48+0) (0+0.36+0) (0-0.42+0) 5

(0+0+0) (0+0-1) (0+0.48+0) ( 0-0.64+0) (0.48+0+0) (0+0.64+1) 6

Therefore ;

4
 5

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 0 -1 0 0 0 1

0 1 0 0 0 -1 2

Kg=40*10^3 -1 0 1.36 -0.48 -0.36 0.48 3

0 0 -0.48 0.64 0.48 -0.64 4

0 0 -0.36 0.48 0.36 -0.48 5

0 -1 0.48 -0.64 -0.48 1.64 6

Force- displacement relation for the system

{F}=[Kg]{u}

1 2 3 4 5 6

F1 1 0 -1 0 0 0 u1

F2 0 1 0 0 0 -1 u2

F3 = 40*10^3 1 0 1.36 -0.48 -0.36 0.48 u3

F4 0 0 -0.48 0.64 0.48 -0.64 u4

F5 0 0 -0.36 0.48 0.36 -0.48 u5

F6 0 -1 0.48 -0.64 -0.48 1.64 u6

Applying boundary conditions

P3=72KN, P4=90KN, F6=0

u1=u2=u5=0

Therefore;

5
 6

1 2 3 4 5 6

P1 1 0 -1 0 0 0 0

P2 0 1 0 0 0 -1 0

72 = 40*10^3 1 0 1.36 -0.48 -0.36 0.48 u3

90 0 0 -0.48 0.64 0.48 -0.64 u4

P5 0 0 -0.36 0.48 0.36 -0.48 0

0 0 -1 0.48 -0.64 -0.48 1.64 u6

 Changing the order of the matrix so that the points at which

displacements are zero will group together.
3 4 6 1 2 5

72 1.36 -0.48 0.48 -1 0 -0.36 u3

90 -0.48 0.64 -0.64 0 0 0.48 u4

0 = 40*10^3 0.48 -0.64 1.64 0 -1.0 -0.48 u6

P1 -1 0 0 1 0 0 0

P2 0 0 -1 0 1 0 0

P5 -0.36 0.48 -0.48 0 0 0.36 0

72 1.36 -0.48 0.48 u3

90 = 40*10^3 -0.48 0.64 -0.64 u4

0 0.48 -0.64 1.64 u6

6
 7

The reduced matrix relation given above could have been obtain from the original
overall stiffness matrix by striking out rows and columns with members that
correspond to the numbered displacements that are zero. Rows and columns 1,2
and 5 could be eliminated.

u3 3.48

u4 = 10^-3 8.38 m

u6 2.25

 Reactions at the support;

P1 -1 0 0 3.48*10^-3

P2 =40*10^3 0 0 0 8.38*10^-3

P5 -0.36 0.48 -0.48 2.25*10^-3

Multiplying out we get;

P1 -139.5

P2 = -90 KN

P5 67.8

 RECOVERING OF MEMBER FORCES

Member forces can easily get from this formula;
𝐸𝐴
Fij = [ -c -s c s] uix
𝐿

uiy

ujx

ujy

Member1-2
7
 8

𝐸𝐴
F12 = [ -c -s c s] u1 α=0
𝐿

u2

u3

u4

F12 =40*10^3[ -1 0 1 0] 0

3.48*10^-3

8.38*10^-3

F12= 139.5KN (Tension)

Member 2-3
𝐸𝐴
F23 = [ -c -s c s] u3 α=126.87
𝐿

u4

u5

u6

8
 9

F23 = 40*10^3 [0.6 -0.7 -0.6 0.7] 3.48*10^-3

8.38*10^-3

2.25*10^-3

Therefore F23= -112.5KN (Compression).

Member 3-1
𝐸𝐴
F31 = [ -c -s c s] u5 α=270
𝐿

u6

u1

u2

F31 =40*10^3 [0 -1 0 1] 0

2.25*10^-3

F31=90KN (Tension).

9
 10

4.2 RESULT OF ANALYSIS OF TRUSS (AXIAL STIFFNESS APPROACH)

Table 4.1

DISPLACEMENTS:( Reactions Membe Nature of

m) at r forces forces
Magnitud
support[P
[u] e (KN)
] (KN)

1 0 -139.5 1-2 139.5 Tension

2 0 -90 2-3 -112.5 Compressio

n

3 3.48*10^-3 3-1 90 Tension

4 8.38*10^-3

5 0 67.8

6 2.25*10^-3

10