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Ingeniería e Investigación

ISSN: 0120-5609
revii_bog@unal.edu.co
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Colombia

Orjuela Londoño, Álvaro; Leiva Lenis, Fernando; Boyacá Mendivelso, Luis Alejandro; Rodríguez Niño,
Gerardo; Carballo Suárez, Luis María
Estudio de la síntesis de acetato de butilo-4 Cinética de reacción
Ingeniería e Investigación, vol. 26, núm. 2, agosto, 2006, pp. 28-36
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Bogotá, Colombia

Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=64326205

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