Anthocyanin of Red Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-sinesis)

Extract as Red Ink for Markers

Dana Keith S. Apuli

Alexi Nicole D.V. Castalone
Anne Thea R. Clenista
Louis Rhey R. Mediarito
Pauline Gabrielle T. Pila
Jewel Christi V. Umali

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

In Research III

Laguna Science Integrated High school

Brgy. Maitim, Bay, Laguna

July 3, 2019

Maria Leonora B. Villanueva

Research III Teacher
 Anthocyanin of Red Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-sinesis)

Extract as Red Ink for Markers

Markers, specifically permanent markers, are widely used in our daily lives. Many people

use them such as teachers, students, employees and many more. Students use them in writing

notes and information for their reports while teachers use them to grade papers and to discuss

lessons to his/her students. Calligraphers use them in to beautiful artworks. Markers are also

beneficial for identifying things, one of these methods is putting labels to almost every item.

Bakers use markers to label containers containing the things they will need for baking pastries

and many more. It is also one of the most important things that most of the people need. Most

markers today are commercialized with a very high price and made of synthetic and toxic

substances so many people sought for markers that are cheaper, harmless to the health of many

people, will not affect the environment.

 Nowadays, the inks from markers are made from synthetic material like petroleum

and chemical solvents that are hazardous to the health of the user and the environment. Hibiscus

is one of the most important ingredients in herbal medicines and teas, also it has the components

and contains Anthocyanin (Red or Purple) that can be alternative for ink in markers. In today’s

world, almost every product has been commercialized and people sought for products that are

most natural and cheaper. Instead of those flat markers prices are as follows: single markers -

$720-$1180, companion marker $1210-$2310, children markers $635-$980. It helps them to do

their reports and present it as though power service interruption occurs. With infinite use of

markers, many did not know that markers have limitations. Usually, it is a problem for students,

artists and calligraphers to supply ink for the markers they are using.

Typically, the inks used in most markers are made from synthetic materials like the petroleum

and chemical solvents. These kinds of materials are hazardous especially to the health of the

users and to the environment as well.

As of today, markers are composed of toxic chemicals. Toluene and xylene are toxic

substances that were commonly used as solvents but there is still a number of manufacturers who

produces markers with these substances. Those chemicals can cause irritation to the skin and

eyes. It can also cause serious problems with our health within this type of organic markers used

today.

Many permanent writing inks contain iron sulfate and Gallic and tannic acids as well as

dyes which can cause chest pain, dizziness and fainting. There are harmful substances in

permanent markers which can be fatal. If a person has taken tetanus injection, then there will be

some Defense mechanism in his/her body. No matter how much the manufacturer says it is safe,

it can still harm a person in many ways. Even the inks can be alkaline or acidic which may have
adverse effects on the person. Sharpies and some other permanent markers contain Xylene.

Negative health effects of xylene are usually due to large exposure (lab workers preparing

microscope slides in certain applications) or daily small exposure. It is also advisable not to

inhale from a marker for long as the fumes are toxic.

Typically, the inks used in most markers are made from synthetic materials like the

petroleum and chemical solvents. These kinds of materials are hazardous especially to the health

of the users and to the environment as well. In today’s modern world, almost every product has

been commercialized and people sought for products that are more natural and cheaper instead.

The creation of ink with alternative ingredient is a demand for the students’ artists,

calligraphers as well as for the people. The researcher thinks that Anthoctayin of Red Gumamela

have great potentials in having an alternative marker ink due to its advantages. The researcher

decided to test its effectiveness as an ingredient for marker ink.

There are some volatile substances in the Sharpie pens that some people sniff to get high.

Inhalants can be extremely dangerous and can cause very serious damage to brain cells. Glycols

and glycol ethers can be toxic in larger amounts, but the quantity in a pen or marker is very

small, to the point of being insignificant. Toxicity: The main issue is usually the cosmetic

staining of the skin or tongue, which may last for several days. Ink can also cause mild stomach

upset.
Statement of the Problem

This study will be conducted to produce a non-toxic and more affordable marker made from

the anthocyanin of red gumamela. This study attempted to determine the effectiveness of Red

Gumamela as red ink for markers.

Anthocyanin of Red Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-sinesis) Extract as Red Ink for Markers

Dependent Variable Independent Variable

• Hue • T1 – 25% Alcohol
• Saturation • T2 – 50% Alcohol
• Brightness • T3 – 75% Alcohol
• Color fastness

Hypotheses

There is no significant difference between the components of marker ink from the ink

made from anthocyanin of red gumamela and compared to commercial marker ink in terms of

1.1 Xylene Content

1.2 Toluene Content

There is no significant difference between the production of the materials of marker ink from the

ink made from the anthocyanin of red gumamela and compared to commercial marker ink in

terms of:

2.1 availability of the materials

2.2 process of producing

Significance of the Study

This study would be very beneficial to the users of markers. This study provides many

advantages to them, such as they would have a more natural and cheaper way of having an ink

for their markers and lessen their expenses. This will also help to keep their health from toxins

and bad odor. This study will help to replenish the atmosphere and surroundings from getting

destroyed. Before synthetic ink, ink was primarily made from plant dyes, which you can still

make today. Different plants produce different dye and ink colors, so be sure to choose a plant

that produces a color you like before you make your ink. Other ingredients, like vinegar and

arabic gum, should be added to most inks to make the compound last and stabilize.

This study is significant to people who are intrigued with the toxicity of markers,

nowadays. It would help lessen the people's hesitation in using markers because of it is harmful

substances. It is more environmental friendly to use instead of those regular markers where

toxins are present.

Scope and Limitations

This study of making Red Anthocyanin of Gumamela as Red Ink for Markers is limited

only on the use of Red Anthocyanin. For the study, the researchers just emptied the unused pens

or the pens that won’t function well. This also aimed to test the effectiveness of Red

Anthocyanin of Gumamela extract as an ingredient to produce a marker ink. This study limits its

coverage on the discussion of Anthocyanin of Gumamela marker ink production and the impact

of the marker ink in the environment and to the people. The study focused on testing its

effectiveness in terms of absorption, stick consistency, odor and color.

Risk and Safety

As we conduct this study, it has their pros and cons. marker inks are known to contain

such toxicity. it is bad for the health especially for people who are underage. it is poisonous

when accidentally swallowed. it can cause allergies when it will have a contact with your skin,

even your eye. most probably, don't try to inhale the scent of marker inks to prevent dizziness.

markers should be used correctly.