Resincap Journal of Science and Engineering
Volume 3, Issue 5 May 2019
Hortical Axis Wind Mill
Mr. Laxman Vitthal Tawar Mr. Jayavant Changu Ghag
UG Student UG Student
Electrical Engineering Dept. Electrical Engineering Dept.
Universal College of Engineering Universal College of Engineering
And Research Pune. And Research Pune.
laxmantawar999@gmail.com jayavantghag1995@gmail.com
Mr. Mudassir Mohd.Imran
Quraishi
UG Student
Electrical Engineering Dept.
Universal College of Engineering
And Research Pune.
quraishimudassir123@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Wind energy is one of the major forms of renewable energy
resources found abundantly which is widely used as an
alternative energy. Wind power is sustainable and the
production of electricity using wind energy is increasing day
by day due to lack of availability of fossil fuels. The energy
can be converted into electricity by using vertical axis wind
turbine (VAWT) and Horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT).
The vertical axis wind turbine is highly used for domestic
applications where the volume of production is low and
efficiency is optimal while the horizontal axis wind turbine is
widely for larger volume of production requires huge
investment and the efficiency is high. This project focused on
increasing the efficiency of using wind energy by producing
large amount of electricity and reduces the space for
installation. This can be done by combining the vertical axis
wind turbine (VAWT) and horizontal axis wind turbine
(HAWT) in a same tower. The combined vertical and
horizontal axis wind turbine reduces the cost for larger
volume of electricity generation.
Keywords
Wind energy, VAWT, HAWT, combined vertical and
horizontal axis wind turbine, high efficiency.
1. INTRODUCTION
Renewable Energy Sources are those energy sources which
are not destroyed when their energy is harnessed. Human use
of renewable energy requires technologies that harness natural
phenomena, such as sunlight, wind, waves, water flow, and
biological processes such as an aerobic digestion, biological
hydrogen production and geothermal heat. Amongst the above
mentioned sources of energy there has been a lot of
development in the technology for harnessing energy from the
wind. Wind is the motion of air masses produced by the
irregular heating of the earth’s surface by sun. These
differences consequently create forces that push air masses
around for balancing the global temperature or, on a much
smaller scale, the temperature between land and sea or
between mountains. Wind energy is not a constant source of
energy. It varies continuously and gives energy in sudden
bursts. About 50% of the entire energy is given out in just
15% of the operating time. Wind strengths vary and thus
cannot guarantee continuous power. It is best used in the
context of a system that has significant reserve capacity such
ISSN: 2456-9976
Mr. Omkar Tukaram Khengare
UG Student
Electrical Engineering Dept.
Universal College of Engineering
And Research Pune.
omkarkhengare8055@gmail.com
Prof. Ashwini S. chivate
Head of Department
Electrical Engineering Dept
Universal College of Engineering
And Research , Pune
ashwini.chivate0@gmail.com
as hydro, or reserve load, such as a desalination plant, to
mitigate the economic effects of resource variability. As the
demand for more environmentally‐friendly energy resources
grows, energy providers have recognized the importance of
wind power and have invested in the development of wind
turbines. In fact, wind energy is the only renewable resource
that has grown faster than predicted. At the end of 2007, the
wind energy generating capacity in the United States was
16,818 MW. In 2008 alone, 8,358 MW of wind energy was
added and in 2009, an additional 9,922 MW of wind energy
was added. As of the start of 2010, the wind generating
capacity increased to 35,098 MW, more than doubling the
wind energy capacity since 2007. The U.S. Department of
Energy predicts that wind energy will provide at least 20
percent of the nation’s electricity by 2030. The primary
reason behind the recent peak of wind energy capacity is due
to improved turbine technology. Several components of a
wind turbine must be taken into account, including the tower,
blades, nacelle, and foundation designs. New developments in
the construction of taller structures using better, lightweight
materials, and improved turbine design techniques have
allowed today’s taller turbines to tap better winds at higher
elevations for reduced costs. As a result of the improved
turbine designs using lighter‐weight steel for the tower,
smaller, lighter foundations can be used and in turn reducing
costs. It is imperative to continue improving the design of the
wind turbine in order to harvest better energy and optimize its
cost..Wind turbine towers and foundations must be designed
to withstand heavy loads and moments due to extreme wind
conditions to prevent failures, as well as other forces that are
introduced with alternative site designs. The forces that the
tower and foundation must resist are wind loads, ice loads,
and the self‐weight of the tower. The tower structure must
also resist earthquake loads, which can be designed based on
checking resistance in the steel’s plastic range.10 In addition,
the soil has to have adequate bearing capacity to resist the
loads on the tower and weight of the foundation. The
construction of a wind turbine is limited to specific site
guidelines due to social, political, and environmental
constraints; therefore there is an alternative need for sites
other than land‐based turbines, such as offshore applications.
Offshore wind turbines are becoming increasingly favored
because of the high wind speeds off the coast, and the fact that
there is little or no effect in terms of noise because of their
distance from the shoreline; however, aesthetics may pose an
537

issue with area residents who feel the turbines adversely affect
the natural seascape of an area. Additionally, offshore turbines
must harvest more energy to offset increased construction
costs due to large underwater support structures and
foundations. The purpose of this project was to design a land‐
based wind turbine as well as explore designs for offshore
options for the energy needs of the chosen site. To begin
studying the construction of wind turbines, a suitable site must
be chosen based on a given criteria. The effect of loading
conditions is evaluated on the wind turbine tower and
foundation for its design. This project investigated and drew
recommendations on the process of constructing two different
wind turbine heights with alternative foundations as well as a
cost analysis of the designs. In addition to the design of the
tower and foundation, one of the main deliverables for this
project was an integrated spreadsheet, which was developed
to effectively suggest a suitable tower and foundation design
and the corresponding cost data. The creation of this
spreadsheet allowed for the investigation of various design
alternatives. This report will contain an overview of wind
energy and the current status of wind turbines as an effective
producer of renewable energy, a methodology of how the
project was completed, chapters detailing the tower design,
foundation design, cost‐estimation, and the investigation of
offshore wind turbines, followed by a conclusion chapter,
which will summarize the key findings and discuss limitations
and suggestions for future work related to our research and
analysis.
1.1 Background
As energy needs are continuously changing, the structural
elements associated with the new energy sources need to be
developed. An understanding of all the energy, mechanical,
construction, and structural components related to the design,
construction, and operation of wind turbines must be
evaluated to develop an understanding for the design and
management of this project.
1.2 Methodology
The following methodology was used:
 Dynamic analysis and mechanical design
 Kinematic analysis
 Power transmission and drive systems design
 Design of mechanical components
 Assembly of components
 Fabrication of components
 Field testing and improvements
 The cost analysis
1.3 Objectives
The main objective of this project is gaining power from
wind. Another objective of this project is gaining and
exercising some engineering concepts such as:
 Learn about wind energy and different ways of
convert it to a useful power.
 Learn the different between Vertical Axis Wind
Turbines (VAWT) & Horizontal Axis Wind
Turbines (HAWT).
 Fabricate a model design and develop prototype of
double rotor windmill.
Resincap Journal of Science and Engineering
Volume 3, Issue 5 May 2019
ISSN: 2456-9976
 Study of conventional wind turbine system and
compare it with proposed concept.
 To draw the conclusions & suggestions for the
further work in the same area.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Design, Development And Fabrication
of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine
Since early times recorded history, people have utilized wind
energy. According to BTM Consult, a company that
specializes in independent wind-industry research, the level of
annual installed capacity has grown at an average rate of
27.8% per year for the past five years. These statistics
demonstrate that wind energy is already a vital source of
energy production around the globe and that the demand for
wind energy solutions is increasing. With such increasing
demand, it is evident that the benefits of wind energy are real.
The majority of power generation from wind turbines is
currently produced in wind farms, or large fields that have
several large commercial wind turbines. So, basically this
project is aimed at determining how efficient the small wind
turbine can be given the space constraints of a residential area.
The favoured form of turbines used for electricity generation
purposes is the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) with
low solidity ratio (ratio of blade area to swept area) and high
tip speed ratio, λ = ΩR/V wind, where R is the radius of the
blades and V wind is the wind velocity. This type of turbine
has a high efficiency or coefficient of performance (Cp), but
relatively low torque. Wind energy is kinetic energy
associated with the movement of atmospheric air. Wind
energy systems for irrigation & milling have been in use
Since ancient times & since beginning of 20th century it is
being used to generate electric power. Windmills for water
pumping have been installed in many countries particularly in
the rural areas. Wind turbines transform the energy in the
wind into mechanical power, which can then be used directly
for grinding etc. or further converting to electric power to
generate electricity. The National Advisory Committee for
Aeronautics (NACA) was a U.S. federal agency founded on
March 3, 1915, to undertake, promote, and institutionalize
aeronautical research. The NACA four-digit wing sections
define the profile by: 1) First digit of the four numerals
describes maximum camber as percentage of the chord. 2)
Second digit describes the distance of maximum camber from
the airfoil leading edge in tens of percentage of the chord
length. 3) Last two digits describing maximum thickness of
the airfoil as percent of the chord Length. In this paper the
design of an horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) and the
building of a model. The wind turbine is gear-less with three
blades. Theory behind the construction and design of the
blades is presented. The construction and assembly of the
device is described. Finally, results are presented and then
discussed. The average Power output performance for the
blade NACA4412 comes out to be 6W which is slightly
higher than that of NACA0012 which is 4.75W.
2.2 Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Existing wind turbine designs are divided in 2 parts:
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) & Vertical Axis
Wind Turbine (VAWT). HAWT's the height at which their
mechanisms are located is disadvantageous for servicing.
538

They require a mechanical yaw system to orient them. As
potential power generation is related to the swept area of the
rotor, more power requires a larger diameter. The blades
experience large thrust and torque forces, so size is limited by
blade strength. A VAWT does not need to be oriented into
the wind and the power transition mechanisms can be
mounted at ground level for easy access. The perceived
disadvantage of the VAWT is that they are not self-starting.
Currently, VAWT are usually rotated automatically until they
reach the ratio between blade speed and undisturbed wind
speed (Tip Speed Ratio or TSR) that produces a torque large
enough to do useful work. Increasing demand for energy in
recent years has seen a rise in development of alternative
energy sources. Wind being one of the most abundant and
easily available sources is an excellent alternative to
conventional energy sources. Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
(VAWT’s) are of two type’s viz. Darrieus (lift based) and
Savonius (drag based). The problem associated with Darrieus
is the lack of self-starting while the Savonius has a low
efficiency. In order to overcome these flaws, an innovative
design has been created by incorporating both the types into
one single unique structure not tested before. In this design,
the Darrieus blades are helically twisted to get even torque
distribution. The Savonius blades are of half drum type and at
the centre of the assembly. This unique design allows the use
Savonius as a method of self-starting the wind turbine which
the Darrieus cannot achieve on its own. There are 3 Darrieus
blades placed circumferentially and 2 Savonius couples
attached perpendicular to each other along the shaft. The cross
section of the Darrieus blades is of NACA- 4415. The
objective is to eliminate the need for external motors for self-
starting purposes and study the performance of the model. The
testing of the model was carried out for different wind
velocities. Initially the Darrieus and Savonius blades were
tested independently and then the new model which combines
the two designs was tested.
2.3 Performance Comparison Of Vertical
Axis And Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines
To Get Optimum Power Output
On this paper, we will discuss the performance comparison of
vertical and horizontal wind turbine and power optimization
of wind turbine to get optimum power. According to the Betz
limit that the CP of wind turbine does not exceed 0.59. We
have compared the performance of different types wind
turbine and optimized the power output. The swept area of
wind turbine is related to producing the power. In other
words, more power requires larger diameter. In this research,
we analyzed the two types of wind turbine characteristic,
VAWT and HAWT, to get the optimum power output
(maximum power output), so it gets the best power output
from variable wind speed. Wind turbines are operated with
variable speed extracted from the maximum wind power by
using anemometer, the wind speed tracking equipment, to
trace the maximum power output. The VAWT we have
designed is a kind of straight blade or H Darrieus. We have
used a kind taper or taper down for HAWT. In principle,
VAWT has many advantages than HAWT. The VAWT cross
flow is capable of receiving wind from all directions. The
gearbox and generator equipment can be placed close to the
ground. The initial step was to create the same swept area of
VAWT and HAWT, then chose the better value coefficient lift
airfoil. The Blade is divided into several sections of element r,
Resincap Journal of Science and Engineering
Volume 3, Issue 5 May 2019
ISSN: 2456-9976
which twist and chord linearized to obtain the optimum the
optimum value. The wind turbines can be designed with larger
swept area to gain more power. By increasing the length of
blade, it makes the quadratic effect to the swept area and the
captured power. The goal is to maximize the wind capture of
different wind speed which can be achieved by adjusting the
turbine speed base on maximum power point. This paper
presents the comparison of power captured by vertical and
horizontal axis wind turbine (VAWT and HAWT). According
to Betz, the limit of maximum coefficient power (CP) is 0.59.
In this case CP is important parameter that determines the
power extracted by a wind turbine we made. This paper
investigates the impact of wind speed variation of wind
turbine to extract the power. For VAWT we used H-darrieus
type whose swept area is 3.14 m2 and so is HAWT. The wind
turbines have 3 blades for each type. The air foil of both wind
turbines are NACA 4412. We tested the model of wind
turbine with various wind velocity which affects the
performance. We have found that CP of HAWT is 0.54 with
captured maximum power is 1363.6 Watt while the CP of
VAWT is 0.34 with captured maximum power is 505.69 Watt.
The power extracted of both wind turbines seems that HAWT
power is much better than VAWT power.
3. TYPES OF WIND TURBINES
A wind turbine is a machine for converting the kinetic energy
in wind into mechanical energy. Wind turbines are classified
into two general types: horizontal axis and vertical axis. A
horizontal axis machine has its blades rotating on an axis
parallel to the ground. A vertical axis machine has its blades
rotating on an axis perpendicular to the ground. There are a
number of available designs for both and each type has certain
advantages and disadvantages. However, compared with the
horizontal axis type, very few vertical axis machines are
available commercially.
 Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines
 Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
4. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
The Air genesis wind power generation system, among its
other attributes, allows for generator control at the coupler
level, thereby allowing for constant generator RPM and
electrical output at variable wind velocities, as well as
constant generator output and RPM at wind velocities below
and above traditional wind velocity thresholds. This is
achieved through innovative technology that provides
methods and apparatus for an 11 MW wind power generating
system wherein multiple generators are at the base of the
tower, and controlled and sequentially loaded and unloaded
depending on the varying wind velocities. By achieving the
ability to control and maintain a constant electrical output, and
to facilitate the ability to conduct maintenance (including
replacing generators) without the necessity to shut down the
tower, increased yield to cost is drastically improved. About a
year ago this magazine reported on the design completion for
a twin-rotor turbine that its developer boasted was capable of
generating 11 MW. The Air genesis turbine sports other
innovations, such as using a shaft to transmit power down
tower to several generators arranged in a circle at the tower
base. Twelve generators, two 500 kW units and 10 rated for 1
MW each, will let the turbine begin generating power in
usually unproductive 3 m/s winds From their simulations, we
539

found that best clock angle for the blades is a 30° separation,
not 60°. It turns out that 30° lets the wake from the front rotor
more often miss the aft rotor, allowing a 92% yield.” The
company originally thought that low rpm’s would be good for
aft rotor, but simulations showed that increasing the rotor
speed to about 15 to 20.6 rpm achieved a higher electrical
production and at the same time reduced the torque on the
entire drive train, and in turn, reducing the size of the gearing.
For instance, it found that output could be bumped to 16 MW
if they used blades larger than the planned 48m blade
provided by NREL/NWTC Informational Portal. We are
capable of producing electrical power at lower wind speeds
because of a variable speed 500-kW generator at the base
that begins producing power in lower winds. The power
curves produced by DAR corp show power production
starting at 4 m/s because that is when 15 rpm on the blades are
possible. Also, the designs should handle higher winds that
would shut down conventional turbines. For the time being,
we will say 11 MW is tops.
4.2 Block Diagram
Fig.No.1: Block Diagram
4.2.1Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (H.A.W.T)
Horizontal axis wind turbine dominate the majority of the
wind industry. Horizontal axis means the rotating axis of the
wind turbine is horizontal, or parallel with the ground. In big
wind application, horizontal axis wind turbines are almost all
you will ever see. However, in small wind and residential
wind applications, vertical axis turbines have their place. The
advantage of horizontal wind is that it is able to produce more
electricity from a given amount of wind. So if you are trying
to produce as much wind as possible at all times, horizontal
axis is likely the choice for you.
4.2.2 Gearing Mechanism
In the aforementioned gear arrangement, the axes of the two
shaft s onto which gears are mounted are parallel to each
other. However, there are other gear arrangements in which
the shaft are not parallel. The ratio of output rpm to input rpm
can be much smaller in a worm gear compared to the other
gear types. Another difference of the worm gear compared
with other gear types is that whereas theoretically one can
select either gear to be the input, in a worm gear it is not
possible to have the worm as the output.
Resincap Journal of Science and Engineering
Volume 3, Issue 5 May 2019
ISSN: 2456-9976
4.2.3 Vertical Axis Shaft
The main shaft: it is a piece of metal in the form of a tube
which constitutes the most important spinning constituent
since it conveys the energy from the wind turbine blades to
the other parts of the wind turbine. Therefore, it is exposed to
its own weight, the load of the rotor (blades and hub), and
forces exerted by the other components. Its essential purposes
are to transfer the energy of the rotational movement from the
rotor to the generator and transmit the loads applied on it to
the immobile organism of the nacelle. For this reason, the
main shaft should be designed appropriately to tolerate all
these loads. Actually, the shaft is one of the most important
constituents in some engines; it is a revolving or static
component that has normally a cylindrical shape, but can be
squared or 21 cross-shaped. In addition, they can be solid or
hollow. Its main function is to convey power from one
member to another by a rotational movement. This power is
supplied to the shaft over a tangential force and then
transmitted to different elements which are connected to the
shaft thanks to the subsequent torque or twisting moment. For
instance, we can find gears, pulleys, cranks, and rolling-
elements attached to the shaft resulting in bending moment
together with the forces applied on them. In other words, its
purpose is to transmit loads to the stationary system of the
nacelle in the case of a wind turbine. Thus, the shaft is
subjected to some external forces that should be taken into
consideration while designing it.
4.2.4 Generator
The generator: it is in general a device that makes electricity
from another source of energy. Thus, it takes the mechanical
energy from a specific source of energy and transforms it to
electrical energy as outcome. In general, there are two
principal types of generators which are the direct current (DC)
and alternating current (AC) generators. Under the AC
generators, we have synchronous and asynchronous 20
generators. Synchronous generators have a central magnet that
is rotating at a steady speed simultaneously with the spinning
of the magnetic field and they are divided into permanent
magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs), if they grasp
excitations from permanent magnet, and electrically excited
synchronous generators (EESGs) if they grasp the excitations
form an electromagnet. In general synchronous generators
have a tendency to decrease the damping effect (decrease in
the motion due to the dissipation of energy). Thus, a
supplementary damping element is needed within the system.
The asynchronous generators are induction machines, similar
to the synchronous ones with a difference in the rotor which is
in a form of a cage, which are classified as: fixed speed
induction generators (FSIGs) and doubly fed induction
generators (DFIGs). Generators used in wind turbines are in
some way special with regard to others because they deal with
a source of power that provides extremely oscillating
mechanical power. Therefore, we took the AC, low speed, and
permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSGs) for
optimal effectiveness even though it has some disadvantages
such as great cost, problems to manipulate in manufacturing,
and necessity of a cooling system. The reasons behind
choosing this type of generators are: its uncomplicated and
tough design leading to greater efficacy, no need for an
excitation field or control systems, enhancement of the
540
 Resincap Journal of Science and Engineering
Volume 3, Issue 5 May 2019
ISSN: 2456-9976

thermal features of the permanent magnet appliance, elevated

reliability owing to the nonexistence of some mechanical
elements like slip rings, and an outstanding power to mass
quotient due to its lightweight.

5. DESIGN OF HORTICAL AXIS

WINDMILL

5.1 Project Definition

This project is about designing and manufacturing hortical
axis windmill that can convert wind by using to a useful
energy. The current power demand in India is very high
compared to power consumption world average. This high
demanding should take the focus of attention in thinking in Fig.No.3.Top View of Hortical Axis Windmill
different sources of energy. One of the best sources of energy
that can apply the concept of sustainability is renewable
energy such as sun, wind, and rivers. The positive point of
wind energy is that unlike solar energy that only used with
sunlight, wind turbine can be useful all the 24 hours all the
year. Another concept of sustainability is the way that we
should use in utilizing this renewable energy efficiently, and
environmentally friendly. This, in turn will eliminate the
environment hazard and improve Indian communities’ health
and life style. Streets, public parks, schools, and public
facilities are consider as main power consumers, these
consumers should be vulnerable to wind from time to time.
The idea of this project is to convert this wind by using
hortical axis windmill to a useful energy by using it as a
power source that can serve these consumers. Fig No.4. Bottom View of Hortical Axis Windmill

5.2 Hortical Axis Windmill Concept

There are two rotor at upper side of wind mill. Which are
placed at the same shaft. Both rotor blades are placed at 30 0
offset to extract more power from air. Rotor rotating
horizontal shaft and horizontal motion is converted into
vertical motion by using bevel gear. Bearing are used for the
smooth rotation of shaft and support. DC Generator at bottom
surface for generating electrical energy from mechanical
power. Circular disc is connected with vertical shaft and by
vertical motion of the shaft disc is rotate. DC Generator are
rotating with the help of circular disc.

5.3 List of Components

Table No 1 List of Components

Sr.No Component Quantity

1 DC Generator 2

2 Shaft 2

3 Bevel Gear 2
Fig.No. 2.Complete Design Hortical Axis Windmill
4 Disc 1

5 Rotor Blade 6

541
 Resincap Journal of Science and Engineering
Volume 3, Issue 5 May 2019
ISSN: 2456-9976

5.3.1 Disc Fleming’s right hand rule. “A dc generator is rated at 12v,

and 0.4 A The resistance of the armature windings is 42
ohms”
Shape of the disc is circular type. Material used for
manufacturing the disc is mild steel. Disc is used to rotate the
both the DC Generator. For proper rotation of DC Generator 5.3.4 Shaft
shaft, we have used rubber grip on surface of disc.

5.3.2 Rotor Blade

Fig No .5.Rotor Blade

There are 6 rotor blade are used in wind mill (3 blades on both
side). Material used for manufacturing the blade is mild steel.
This rotor blade are placed at 300 offset. Air pressure comes
on the rotor blade is used to rotate the horizontal shaft and
then this rotation is given to vertical shaft by using bevel gear.
5.3.3 DC Generator
Fig No .7. Shaft
A shaft is a rotating machine element usually circular in cross
section, which is used to transmit power from one part to
another, or from a machine which produces power to a
machine which absorbs power. The various members such
as bearings and gears are mounted on it.
5.3.5 Materials
The material used for ordinary shafts is mild steel and for
rotor blade fibre material is used.

6.3.6 Bevel Gear

Fig No .6.DC Generator

A dc generator is an electrical machine which converts

mechanical energy into direct current electricity. This energy
conversion is based on the principle of production of
dynamically induced emf. According to Faraday’s laws of
electromagnetic induction, whenever a conductor is placed in
a varying magnetic field (OR a conductor is moved in
magnetic field), an emf (electromotive force) get induced in
the conductor. The magnitude of induced emf can be
calculated from the emf equation of dc generator. If the
conductor is provided with closed path , the induced current
will circulate within the path. In dc generator, field coils Fig No .8.Bevel Gear
produced an electromagnetic field and the armature
conductors are rotates into the field. Thus, an
Bevel gear used to transmit mechanical power from horizontal
electromagnetically induced emf is generated in the armature
motion to vertical motion. They are made up of mild steel
conductors. The direction of induced current is given by
542
 Resincap Journal of Science and Engineering
Volume 3, Issue 5 May 2019
ISSN: 2456-9976

materials. The ratio of both the gear is 15:45. Module of both 7. DESIGN CALCULATIONS
the gear is of same value for proper engaging of teeth of both
the gear.
7.1 Bevel Gear Module Selection
6. MODEL STAGES
Horizontal gear teeth = 45
STAGE 1
Vertical gear teeth = 15

Diameter of horizontal gear = 120 mm

Diameter of vertical gear = 40 mm

Horizontal Gear Module =

= 2.66

Vertical Gear Module =

= 2.66

Module should be same for both the gear for engaging if teeth.

7.2 Bearing Calculations

Fig No.9 .Stage 1 Model
Table No 2: Bearing calculations
STAGE 2
ISI BEARING
NO. BASIC
DESIGN D D1 D D2
NO.
(INNER
DIAMETER)

20A 6202 15 MM 21.7 35 30.5

MM MM MM

P = XFr + yFa

Where,

P= Equivalent dynamic load (N)

Fig No .10 Stage 2 Model X= Radial load constant

This is the final model in which, gear ratio is changes as 45:15 Fr= Radial load (N)
that’s why we got 3 times more rotation at bottom disc. Also
replacing pedestal bearing ball bearing is used for smooth Y = Axial load constant
rotation of shaft. For reduce weight of blade fibre material is
used and distance between two rotor is reduced for acquiring Fa= Axial load (N)
maximum pressure of wind.
In our case;

Radial load,
543
 Resincap Journal of Science and Engineering
Volume 3, Issue 5 May 2019
ISSN: 2456-9976

Fr = T1 + T2 = 2*3.14*0.7

= 124.4+16 = 4.396 cm

Fr = 140.4 N Diameter of disc = 15 cm

Fa = 0
Circumference of disc =
P = 1*140.4 N
= 2*3.14*7.5
= 140.4 N
= 47.1 cm
L= (C/P)P
Therefore,
Considering 4000 working hours
For 1 revolution of disc = Circumference of disc is 47.1 cm
Here,
Rotation of generator = Circumference of Generator is
n= No. of revolution per minute 4.396 cm
L = Length in meter
Therefore,
h= Depth in meter
For one revolution of disc revolution of generator is = 10.7
L= approx 11 rev.

L = 240 m rev CONCLUSION

The combined vertical and horizontal axis wind turbine
240 = ( )
increases the efficiency and production volume while
compared with separate vertical and horizontal axis wind
C= 8.725 kN
turbine. This will reduces the area required for the installation
As required dynamic of bearing is less than the rated dynamic of wind turbine by fixing the vertical and horizontal wind
capacity of bearing. turbines in a single tower. It will accumulate more number of
wind towers at less area compared to VAWT and HAWT. The
6 kN< C < 12 kN implementation of combined vertical and horizontal axis wind
turbine will solve the issue on the usage of fossil fuels and
Therefore, Bearing is safe.
highly helpful for the environment to safeguard from global
warming.
8. RESULT CALCULATION
No. of horizontal gear teeth = 45 REFERENCES
[1] Travis Justin Carrigan, Aerodynamic Shape
No. of vertical gear teeth = 15 Optimization Of A Vertical Axis Wind Turbine.
[2] Jagadeesh A. 2000. Wind energy development in Tamil
Teeth ratio = Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, Indian Institutional
dynamics and barriers - A case study. Energy Policy
Hau E, 2006, “Wind Turbines: Fundamentals,
= Technologies, Applications, Economics”, Springer
Verlage, Berlin, Germany.
= [3] Tangler, J., and Somers, D., 1995, “NREL Airfoil
Families for HAWTs”, Proc. Of American Wind
Therefore, rotation of vertical (1 revolution) shaft = 3* Energy Association Wind Power ’95 Conference,
Washington, DC
rotation of horizontal shaft
[4] Hiren Tala, Sandip patel “Simulations of Small Scale
And Rotation of vertical shaft = Rotation of disc Straight Blade Darrieus Wind Turbine Using Latest
CAE Techniques to get Optimum Power Output”.
Rotation according to circumference, International Journal of Advance Foundation and
Research in Science & Engineering (IJAFRSE),Vol 1,
Diameter of DC generator = 1.4 cm Issue 5, 2014
[5] ]Himani Kala, K.S. Sandhu, “Effect of Change in
Circumference of Generator = Power Coefficient on The Performance of wind

544
 Resincap Journal of Science and Engineering
Volume 3, Issue 5 May 2019
ISSN: 2456-9976

Turbines With Different Dimensions”

Microelectronics, Computing and Communications
(MicroCom), IEEE, 2016
[6] Xiongwei Liu, Lin Wang, Xinzi Tang “Optimized
linearization of chord and twist angle profiles for fixed-
pitch fixed-speed wind turbine blades”Renewable
Energy 57 (2013) 111-119, 2013
[7] M.M. Atiqur Rahman, A.H.M.A. Rahim “An Efficient
Wind Speed Sensor-less MPPT Controller Using
Artificial Neural Network”Green Energy and
Technology (ICGET), IEEE,pp.1 – 5, 2015
[8] Hou-Kun Dai, Zong-Xiao Yang, Lei Song
“Mathematical Modeling for H-Type Vertical Axis
Wind Turbine”. IEEE, pp.695 – 700, 2014
[9] Gilbert M. Masters, "Renewable and Efficient Electric
Power Systems" Stanford University, 2004.
[10] Dr. Alexander Gorlov, Development of the Helical
Reaction Hydraulic Turbine (Project Period - 7/1/96 -
6/30/98.
[11] John Larson, Trade Study: The Effect Of Cord Length
And Taper On Wind Turbine Blade Design (February
28, 2008).
[12] Jean-Luc Menet1, Nachida Bourabaa, Increase In The
Savonius Rotors Efficiency Via A Parametric
Investigation, Ecole Nationale Superieure D'ingenieurs
En Informatique Automatique Mecanique Énergetique
Électronique De Valenciennes (Ensiame) - Université
De Valenciennes - Le Mont Houy F-59313
Valenciennes Cedex France.
[13] Jon Decoste, Denise Mckay, Brian Robinson, Shaun
Whitehead, Stephen Wright. Supervisors: Dr. Murat
Koksal, Dr. Larry Hughes, Mech 4010 Design Project
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. Department Of
Mechanical Engineering, Dalhousie University,
December 5, 2005.
[14] J.F. Manwell and J.G. McGowan (2009), ”Wind
energy explained”. Theory, design and application.
Massachusetts: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
[15] Spera D.A. 1994. Wind Turbine Technology:
Fundamental Concepts of Wind Turbine Engineering.
Chapter 9, ASME Press, New York

545