Design of BEAM

Built up I Moment
Shear (V) fy l lex = ley = Dpro d wf
S.N. Member Section Steel section LC BM LC
( KN.) Mpa m l 0.85 l mm mm mm
used ( KNm)

1 BEAM 5(eaves) 300X440X8X6 54.999 1 102.078 6 300 17.271 17.271 14.68 300 284 440
4 381.25X440X8X6 29.815 2 85.628 3 300 17.271 17.271 14.68 381 365.25 440
3 462.5X440X8X6 9.525 3 102.078 2 300 17.271 17.271 14.68 463 446.5 440
2 543.75X440X8X6 35.044 3 63.485 3 300 17.271 17.271 14.68 544 527.75 440
1(peak) 625X440X8X6 62.314 5 187.78 3 300 17.271 17.271 14.68 625 609 440

pinned fixed
a.f. shear moment a.f. shear moment
-35.021 -54.999 -154.182 -30.94 51.277 90.713
-35.77 -29.815 -88.866 -31.69 -23.597 -85.628
-36.476 -9.525 102.078 -32.4 -7.613 122.833
-37.137 -35.044 65.878 -33.06 -34.644 -63.485
-38.498 -62.314 189.722 -33.68 -61.914 187.781
 fbc(cal)
T tw a fbc(per) fbc(per) fva(cal) fvm(per) δ(cal) δ(per)
lex/rx ley/ry
mm mm mm2 Mpa Mpa Mpa Mpa mm mm
Mpa

8 6 8744 127.061 128.805 94.777 96.206 safe 165.000 30.555 135.000 safe 6.241 53.306
8 6 9232 101.064 132.346 60.545 88.752 safe 165.000 13.034 135.000 safe 5.447 53.306
8 6 9719 84.283 135.795 57.841 83.262 safe 165.000 3.432 135.000 safe 5.647 53.306
8 6 10207 72.532 139.158 29.825 78.889 safe 165.000 10.741 135.000 safe 6.504 53.306
8 6 10694 63.828 142.442 74.946 75.223 safe 165.000 16.617 135.000 safe 6.722 53.306
INPUT DATA
CRANE CAPACITY ,C = 50 KN
WEIGHT OF CRANE , Wc = 30 KN
WEIGHT OF CRAB = 30 KN
WEIGHT OF TOTAL CRANE , Wt = 80 KN
SPAN OF CRANE BETWEEN RAILS , B = 16.5 m
MINIMUM HOOK APPROACH , a = 1.45 m
WHEEL BASE ,b = 4.4 m
SPAN OF GANTRY GIRDER ,L = 8m
MASS OF RAIL SECTION = 40 kg/m
HEIGHT OF RAIL SECTION = 75 mm
E = 200000 N/mm2
Fy = 320 mpa

POSITION OF WHEEL LOADS WHEN IT GIVES MAXIMUM B.M .

DISTANCE OF F from D= 2.9

DISTANCE OF C from E= 0.7
DISTANCE OF C from F= 5.1
DISTANCE OF D from E= 7.3

cl of wheel base
centre line of gantry girder

E F
C D

step 1: DETERMINATION OF LOADS

Wc = 30
Wt = 80
 minimum static wheel load at A will occur when the crane hook is at a minimum distance of =

RA = Wc/2 +Wt(B-a)/B
= 87.97 KN

since there are two wheel loads at , A

W= 43.9848 KN

STEP 2: DETERMINATION OF B.M. DUE TO VERTICAL B.M

static wheel load = 43.98 KN

add impact allowance 25% = 11.00 KN
total W = 54.98 KN

here , 0.586 L = 4.688 b< 0.586L

MAXIMUM B.M WILL OCCUR WHEN CENTRE OF SPAN IS MIDWAY
SINCE b< 0.586L BETWEEN C.G. OF LOADS AND ONE WHEEL LOAD. HENCE DISTANCE OF ONE WHEEL ,FROM CE
i.e. 1/4*b = 1.1

let , self wt. of girder = w1 2W/C = 2.20 KN/m

wt. of rail = w2 0.39 KN/m
therefore, W1+W2 = w= 2.59

REFER: FIGURES ABOVE FOR THE POSITION OF MAX. B.M.

MAXIMUM B.M. WILL OCCUR UNDER WHEEL LOAD "F" WHICH IS NEARER TO THE CENTRE OF SPAN.

NOW RD = 50.228 KN

RC = 80.467 KN

Mx at F = 134.76 KNm
Mx = 134762876 Nmm

STEP 3: SELECTION OF SECTION FOR GANTRY GIRDER

бbt = 0.66 Fy
= 211.2 N/mm2

Z = Mx/ бbt
= 638081.80 mm3
TRAIL, Z req. = 1.15XZ
= 733794 mm3
= 734x1000 mm3

TRAIL SECTION

Zava. = 778.9X1000 mm3

hence check for trail

ISMB 350@122.6 Kg/m ISMC 250@35.8Kg/m

Zxx = 778900 mm3 (Ixx)c

Ixx = 136303000 mm4 (Iyy)c
Iyy = 5377000 mm4 Ac
Ab = 6671 mm2 Cyy
h = 350 mm (tw)c
b = 140 mm b
t = 14.2 mm h
tw = 8.1 mm
rxx = 142.9 mm
ryy = 28.4 mm

STEP 4: DETERMINATION OF N.A. AND Ixx

neutral axis (i.e. x-x axis )

Y = [Ac*Cyy+Ab((h/2+twc))]/(Ac+Ab)

Y=Yc = 123.717 mm

Yt = (h+twc)-yc

= 233.383 mm

Ix = 200459117.53247 mm4
= 20045.91 cm4

(бbt,cal)v = (Mx/Ix)*yt
= 156.90 N/mm2
 permissible бbt = 211.2

hence safe

STEP 5: DETERMINATION OF бbc

Iy for the whole section = 43545000

Moment of inertia of compression flange about y-y axis is

Iycf = 40856500

therefore, ω = Iycf / Iy

= 0.94

hence k2 = 0.35

ry = sqrt ( Iy/A )
= 64.28

assuming the ends of girder to be restrained against torsion (at bracketsupport)

but no lateral restraint ,l=L=8m
l=L 8000 mm

therefore λ = l/ry
= 124.45

now c1=yc = 123.72 mm

and c2=yt = 233.38 mm

ψ = 1
hence k1 = 1

now Y = (26.5 X 10^5)/(l/ry)^2

= 171.10 N/mm2

OVERALL DEPTH OF THE SECTION , D =

T= mean thickness of flange

= 15.05 mm
 X = Y √[1+{(1/20)((l/ry)X(T/D))^2}]

= 263.73 N/mm2

therefore, fcb = K1(X+K2*Y)*C2/C1

= 610.47 N/mm2

now T/tw = 1.86 <2

бbc = 0.66*((fcb*fy)/((fcb)^n+(fy)^n)^(1/n))

= 165.67 N/mm2

STEP 6: CHECK FOR BENDING COMPRESSIVE STRESS DUE TO VERTICAL LOAD

( бbc,cal )v = (Mx/Ix)*yc
= 83.17 N/mm2

STEP 7: DETERMINATION OF BENDING MOMENT DUE TO HORIZONTAL LOADING

FH = 8 KN

WH = 4 KN

RHD = 2.9 KN

THEREFORE, My at F = 8.41 KN-m

= 8.41X1000000 N-mm

arrangement of wheel loads for max. B.M. due to wheel loads

will be the same as that for vertical loads.

refer this fig.

STEP 8: DETERMINATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRESS DUE TO HORIZONTAL LOADING

Iycf = 40856500
= 4085.65X10000

( бbc,cal )H= My / Icf x hc/2

 = 25.73 N/mm2

STEP 9: CHECK FOR MAXIMUM BENDING COMPRESSIVE STRESS

( бbc,cal )V +( бbc,cal )H = 108.90 N/mm2

permissible value = 1.1* бbc

182.24 N/mm2

hence o.k.

STEP 10 DETERMINATION OF STRESSES DUE TO LONGITUDINAL FORCE

FLH = 5% of total wheel loads = 5% of 2w

5.50

MLH = FLH(hr + yc)

= 1092.56732674
= 1092567.33
= 1.093 X 10^6

THEREFORE; stress in longitudinal direction,

= (FLH/A)+(MLH/IX)*YC
= 1.196 N/mm2
which is negligibly small.
 crane gir

16 m
 1.45

Y
NCE OF ONE WHEEL ,FROM CENTRE OF SPAN =1/4*b

KN/m

TRE OF SPAN.
250@35.8Kg/m

= 38168000 mm4
= 2191000 mm4
= 3867 mm2
= 23 mm
= 7.1 mm
= 80 mm
= 250 mm
 N/mm2

mm

support)

357.1
 < бbc i.e. 166 N/mm2

hence o.k.

centre line of
wheel base centre line of
crane girder

RHc RHD

Wh Wh
 KN

KN-mm
N-mm
N-mm

h is negligibly small.
crane girder

B
INPUT DATA
CRANE CAPACITY ,C = 250 KN
WEIGHT OF CRANE , Wc = 200 KN
WEIGHT OF CRAB = 70 KN
WEIGHT OF TOTAL CRANE , Wt = 320 KN
SPAN OF CRANE BETWEEN RAILS , B = 16 m
MINIMUM HOOK APPROACH , a = 1.45 m
WHEEL BASE ,b = 4.4 m
SPAN OF GANTRY GIRDER ,L = 8m
MASS OF RAIL SECTION = 40 kg/m
HEIGHT OF RAIL SECTION = 75 mm
E = 200000 N/mm2
Fy = 320 mpa

POSITION OF WHEEL LOADS WHEN IT GIVES MAXIMUM B.M .

DISTANCE OF F from D= 2.9

DISTANCE OF C from E= 0.7
DISTANCE OF C from F= 5.1
DISTANCE OF D from E= 7.3

cl of wheel base
centre line of gantry girder

E F
C D

step 1: DETERMINATION OF LOADS

Wc = 200
Wt = 320
 minimum static wheel load at A will occur when the crane hook is at a minimum distance of =

RA = Wc/2 +Wt(B-a)/B
= 391 KN

since there are two wheel loads at , A

W= 195.5 KN

STEP 2: DETERMINATION OF B.M. DUE TO VERTICAL B.M

static wheel load = 195.5 KN

add impact allowance 25% = 48.875 KN
total W = 244.375 KN

here , 0.586 L = 4.688 b< 0.586L

MAXIMUM B.M WILL OCCUR WHEN CENTRE OF SPAN IS MIDWAY
SINCE b< 0.586L BETWEEN C.G. OF LOADS AND ONE WHEEL LOAD. HENCE DISTANCE OF ONE WHEEL ,FROM CE
i.e. 1/4*b = 1.1

let , self wt. of girder = w1 2W/C = 1.96 KN/m

wt. of rail = w2 0.39 KN/m
therefore, W1+W2 = w= 2.35

REFER: FIGURES ABOVE FOR THE POSITION OF MAX. B.M.

MAXIMUM B.M. WILL OCCUR UNDER WHEEL LOAD "F" WHICH IS NEARER TO THE CENTRE OF SPAN.

NOW RD = 186.561 KN

RC = 320.968 KN

Mx at F = 531.16 KNm
Mx = 531157461 Nmm

STEP 3: SELECTION OF SECTION FOR GANTRY GIRDER

бbt = 0.66 Fy
= 211.2 N/mm2

Z = Mx/ бbt
= 2514950.10 mm3
TRAIL, Z req. = 1.15XZ
= 2892193 mm3
= 2892x1000 mm3

TRAIL SECTION

Zava. = 3060.4X1000 mm3

hence check for trail

ISMB 600@122.6 Kg/m ISMC 350@42.1Kg/m

Zxx = 3060400 mm3 (Ixx)c

Ixx = 918130000 mm4 (Iyy)c
Iyy = 26510000 mm4 Ac
Ab = 15621 mm2 Cyy
h = 600 mm (tw)c
b = 190 mm b
t = 20.8 mm h
tw = 12 mm
rxx = 242.4 mm
ryy = 41.2 mm

STEP 4: DETERMINATION OF N.A. AND Ixx

neutral axis (i.e. x-x axis )

Y = [Ac*Cyy+Ab((h/2+twc))]/(Ac+Ab)

Y=Yc = 235.573 mm

Yt = (h+twc)-yc

= 372.527 mm

Ix = 1243852051.61173 mm4
= 124385.21 cm4

(бbt,cal)v = (Mx/Ix)*yt
= 159.08 N/mm2
 permissible бbt = 211.2

hence safe

STEP 5: DETERMINATION OF бbc

Iy for the whole section = 126590000

Moment of inertia of compression flange about y-y axis is

Iycf = 113335000

therefore, ω = Iycf / Iy

= 0.90

hence k2 = 0.35

ry = sqrt ( Iy/A )
= 77.67

assuming the ends of girder to be restrained against torsion (at bracketsupport)

but no lateral restraint ,l=L=8m
l=L 8000 mm

therefore λ = l/ry
= 103.00

now c1=yc = 235.57 mm

and c2=yt = 372.53 mm

ψ = 1
hence k1 = 1

now Y = (26.5 X 10^5)/(l/ry)^2

= 249.77 N/mm2

OVERALL DEPTH OF THE SECTION , D =

T= mean thickness of flange

= 19.39 mm
 X = Y √[1+{(1/20)((l/ry)X(T/D))^2}]

= 309.90 N/mm2

therefore, fcb = K1(X+K2*Y)*C2/C1

= 628.30 N/mm2

now T/tw = 1.62 <2

бbc = 0.66*((fcb*fy)/((fcb)^n+(fy)^n)^(1/n))

= 167.03 N/mm2

STEP 6: CHECK FOR BENDING COMPRESSIVE STRESS DUE TO VERTICAL LOAD

( бbc,cal )v = (Mx/Ix)*yc
= 100.60 N/mm2

STEP 7: DETERMINATION OF BENDING MOMENT DUE TO HORIZONTAL LOADING

FH = 32 KN

WH = 16 KN

RHD = 11.6 KN

THEREFORE, My at F = 33.64 KN-m

= 33.64X1000000 N-mm

arrangement of wheel loads for max. B.M. due to wheel loads

will be the same as that for vertical loads.

refer this fig.

STEP 8: DETERMINATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRESS DUE TO HORIZONTAL LOADING

Iycf = 113335000
= 11333.5X10000

( бbc,cal )H= My / Icf x hc/2

 = 51.94 N/mm2

STEP 9: CHECK FOR MAXIMUM BENDING COMPRESSIVE STRESS

( бbc,cal )V +( бbc,cal )H = 152.54 N/mm2

permissible value = 1.1* бbc

183.73 N/mm2

hence o.k.

STEP 10 DETERMINATION OF STRESSES DUE TO LONGITUDINAL FORCE

FLH = 5% of total wheel loads = 5% of 2w

24.44

MLH = FLH(hr + yc)

= 7589.62899403
= 7589628.99
= 7.59 X 10^6

THEREFORE; stress in longitudinal direction,

= (FLH/A)+(MLH/IX)*YC
= 2.602 N/mm2
which is negligibly small.
 crane gir

16 m
 1.45

Y
NCE OF ONE WHEEL ,FROM CENTRE OF SPAN =1/4*b

KN/m

TRE OF SPAN.
350@42.1Kg/m

= 100080000 mm4
= 4306000 mm4
= 5365 mm2
= 24.4 mm
= 8.1 mm
= 100 mm
= 350 mm
 N/mm2

mm

support)

608.1
 < бbc i.e. 167 N/mm2

hence o.k.

centre line of
wheel base centre line of
crane girder

RHc RHD

Wh Wh
 KN

KN-mm
N-mm
N-mm

h is negligibly small.
crane girder