ASURVEL: Plane Surveying Fieldwork/Laboratory

ASURVEL: Plane Surveying Fieldwork/Laboratory

Year & Section 4th year / ARC171 Date Performed January 25, 2019
Group No. 1 Time Started
Actual Site Time Finished
Weather Condition Sunny Date Submitted February 1, 2019

Group Members Designation

Alcalde, Nathaniel Tape man
Almalves, April Recorder
Antillon, Alexandra Compute
Apiles, Franco Rienzo Rod man
Arcadio, Abigail Compute
Balbuena, Ivan Tape man
Barnes, Zyron Rod man
Borilla, Jerome Rod man
Cabanatuan, Kayla Joy Recorder

FIELDWORK NO. 3
LAYING OUT AND MEASURING LINES AND ANGLES BY TAPE

I. Objective
To familiarize students with the use of a tape in measuring and laying out angles. To familiarize
students with the use of a tape in laying out perpendicular and parallel lines.

II. Introduction
By applying trigonometric formulas, angles can be laid out and measured with the use of a steel
tape and marking pins. Perpendicular and parallel lines, as well as specified horizontal
angles can be laid out with just the right know-how.

III. Activities

4.1. Laying Out a Given Horizontal Acute Angle by Tape

Site: Perimeter of the NU Open Quadrangle

Procedure:

1. Put a marking pin at any point on the ground. Call

this as point A. This will be the
vertex of the angle;
2. From point A, lay out a 20-meter distance and mark the
end with a marking pin and designate it as a point B;
3. From point A, lay out a distance of 20cosθ; make a loop
at the end to have the exact full meter mark and connect
the other end of the tape to point with a distance equal
to 20sinθ. Then mark the loop point with marking pin
and designate it as point C;
4. The angle laid is ∠ BAC which is equal to the given
sample; and
5. Let θ = 30° for the first trial and 45° and 60° for the second
and third trials respectively.

Formulas:

ASURVEL Fieldwork # 3: Laying Out and Measuring

Lines and Angles By Tape 1
 ASURVEL: Plane Surveying Fieldwork/Laboratory
AB = D = 20 m.

BC = Dsinθ = 20sinθ ----- Equation 1

AC = Dcosθ = 20cosθ ----- Equation 2

4.2. Measuring a Horizontal Angle by Chord
Bisection Method

Site: Perimeter of the NU Open Quadrangle

Procedure:
1. Use the same angles laid from Activity 4.1;
2. Place the two range poles at points B and C;
3. With a certain distance from point A, say 8
meters, set points along lines AB and AC and mark
them with marking pins as points B’ and C’
respectively;
4. Measure the distance points B’ and C’;
5. Compute for ∠ BAC;
6. Repeat the same procedure for the 45° and 60°
angles; and
7. Compute the discrepancy and relative precision for each trial.

Formulas:

4.3. Establishing Perpendicular Lines

4.3.1. 3-4-5 Method

Given Line: XY
Given Point: A (along XY)

Procedure:
1. Establish line XY. Distance XY should be more than 5
meters;
2. Lay out a distance of 3 meters along line XY from
point A. Mark it with a marking pin and call it as point
B;
3. From point A, lay out a distance of 4 meters; make a loop at the end to have the exact
full meter mark and connect the other end of the tape to point with a distance equal to 5
meters. Then mark the loop point with marking pin and designate it as point C;
ASURVEL Fieldwork # 3: Laying Out and Measuring
Lines and Angles By Tape 2
 ASURVEL: Plane Surveying Fieldwork/Laboratory
4. BAC should be equal to 90°. Check the accuracy by measuring the laid angle; and 
5. Compute the relative precision.

4.3.2 Chord Bisection Method

Given Line: JK Given Point: M (outside

line JK)

Procedure:
1. Establish line JK;
2. Hold firmly the zero end of the tape at point M;
3. Unwind the tape up to the length which is more than
sufficient to intersect the given line at two separate
points;
4. From point M, swing the tape and mark the points of
intersection with the given line. Designate them as
points N and O. Take note of the lengths of MN and MO;
5. Measure distance NO and mark the midpoint as point
P. MPN and MPO should be equal to 90°. Check the
accuracy by measuring the laid angle; and
6. Compute the relative precision
Where:
θ – Laid angle, 90˚
Φ – Measured angle

4.4. Establishing Parallel Lines

Given Line: DE Given Point: F (outside line DE)

Procedure:
1. Establish line DE and point F;
2. At point F, hold the zero end of the tape;
3. Unwind the tape such that it is sufficient to
intersect the given line;
4. Swing the tape until a whole meter tape mark
intersects the given line. Mark the point of
intersection with marking pin and designate it
as point F’;
5. Mark also with marking pin the midpoint of the
tape and designate it as point O;
6. Let one member hold the tape at point O.
Transfer the two ends of the tape in opposite
directions with midpoint still at its original
position. Designate the new point on the
given line as point G’ and the new position of
the zero end as point G; and
7. Measure lines FG’ and GF’.

Formula:
Discrepancy = Length of Line FG′ − Line GF′ = L2 − L3

ASURVEL Fieldwork # 3: Laying Out and Measuring

Lines and Angles By Tape 3
 ASURVEL: Plane Surveying Fieldwork/Laboratory
IV. Formulas
𝒙
𝟏 𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 = Relative Precision 𝛉+∅
𝟐 𝑳 Mean angle =
RP = |Discrepancy| 𝟐

Discrepancy = 𝛉 − ∅ Angle

V. Data and Results

3.1.1. Laying Out Horizontal Angles

Line 1 2 3
D (meters) 20m 20m 20m
θ (˚) 30° 45° 60°
AB (meters) 20m 20 10m
BC (meters) 10m 14.14m 10m
AC (meters) 17.32m 14.14m 17.32

3.1.2. Measuring Horizontal Angles

Line 1 2 3
L (meters) 8m 8m 8m
θ (°) 30° 45° 60°
x or B’C’ (meters) 4.24 6.20m 8.10m
Φ (°) 30°44’2.06” 45°35’53.03” 60°49’43.43”
Discrepancy (°) 0°44’2.06” 0°35’53.03” 0°49’43.43
Mean Angle (°) 30°22’1.03” 45°17’56.52” 60°24’51.72”
Relative Precision 1.45 0.79 / 0.80 0.82

3.1.3. Establishing Perpendicular and Parallel Lines

Establishing Perpendicular Lines

3-4-5 Methods Chord Bisection Method Establishing Parallel Lines

L1 (meters) 3m 3.35m 3.95m

L2 (meters) 4m 3.7m 3.26m
L3 (meters) 5m 2.79m 3.25m
θ (°) 90° 90°
Φ (°) 90° 90°
Discrepancy (° or meters) 0 0
Mean Angle (°) 90° 90°
Relative Precision 0 0

VI. Computations

ASURVEL Fieldwork # 3: Laying Out and Measuring

Lines and Angles By Tape 4
 ASURVEL: Plane Surveying Fieldwork/Laboratory
3.1 laying out horizontal angles
Trial 1: 30° Trial 2: 45° Trial 3: 60°
BC: 20 sin (30°) = BC: 20 sin (45°) = BC: 20 sin (60°) =
10m 14.14m 17.32m
AC: 20 cos (30°) = AC: 20 cos (30°) = AC: 20 cos (30°)
17.32m 14.14m =10m

𝒙
𝟏 𝟐
3.2 measuring 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 =
𝟐 𝑳
horizontal angles
Trial 1: Trial 2: Trial 3:
BC(x) = 4.24m BC = 6.20m BC = 8.10m
𝟏
𝟒.𝟐𝟒
𝟏
𝟔.𝟐𝟎 𝟖. 𝟏𝟎
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉 = 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉 = 𝟐 𝟏
𝟐 𝟖 𝟐 𝟖 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉 = 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟖
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟔𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟕𝟓 𝟏
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉 = 𝟎.50625
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝛉 𝛉 𝛉
𝟐 𝟐 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝟎. 𝟓𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟓)
𝟐
= 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝟎. 𝟐𝟔𝟓) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟕𝟓) 𝛉 = 2 (30.41)
𝛉 𝛉 = 2 (22.8) 𝛉 = 𝟔𝟎. 𝟖𝟐°
= 𝟏𝟓. 𝟑𝟔
𝟐 𝛉 = 𝟒𝟓. 𝟔° ≈ 𝟔𝟎°𝟒𝟗′ 𝟒𝟑. 𝟒𝟑"
≈ 𝟒𝟓°𝟑𝟓′ 𝟓𝟑. 𝟎𝟑"
𝛉 = 2 (15.36)
𝛉 = 𝟑𝟎. 𝟕𝟑° ≈
𝟑𝟎°𝟒𝟒′ 𝟐. 𝟎𝟔"

Discrepancy = 𝛉 −
∅
Trial 1: 𝛉 = 𝟒𝟓° 𝛉 = 𝟔𝟎°
𝛉 = 𝟑𝟎° ∅ ∅
∅ = 𝟑𝟎°𝟒𝟒′ 𝟐. 𝟎𝟔" = 𝟒𝟓°𝟑𝟓′ 𝟓𝟑. 𝟎𝟑" = 𝟔𝟎°𝟒𝟗′ 𝟒𝟑. 𝟒𝟑"
𝛉−∅ 𝛉−∅ 𝛉−∅
= −𝟎°𝟒𝟒′ 𝟐. 𝟎𝟔" = −𝟎°𝟑𝟓′ 𝟓𝟑. 𝟎𝟑" = −𝟎°𝟒𝟗′ 𝟒𝟑. 𝟒𝟑"

Trial 2: Trial 3:
Relative Precision RP = Angle
|Discrepancy|
Trial 1: Trial 2:
Discrepancy = Discrepancy = Trial 3:
−𝟎°𝟒𝟒′ 𝟐. 𝟎𝟔" −𝟎°𝟑𝟓′ 𝟓𝟑. 𝟎𝟑" Discrepancy =
Angle = 30° Angle = 45° −𝟎°𝟒𝟗′ 𝟒𝟑. 𝟒𝟑"
Angle = 60°
|(−𝟎°𝟒𝟒′𝟐.𝟎𝟔")| |(−𝟎°𝟑𝟓′𝟓𝟑.𝟎𝟑")| |(−𝟎°𝟒𝟗′𝟒𝟑.𝟒𝟑")|
RP = = RP = RP =
𝟑𝟎° 𝟒𝟓° 𝟔𝟎°
1.45 = 0.79 ≈ 𝟎. 𝟖𝟎 = 0.82

𝛉+∅
Mean angle =
𝟐

ASURVEL Fieldwork # 3: Laying Out and Measuring

Lines and Angles By Tape 5
 Trial 1: Trial 2: 𝟔𝟎° + 𝟔𝟎°𝟒𝟗′ 𝟒𝟑. 𝟒𝟑"
𝟑𝟎° + 𝟑𝟎°𝟒𝟒′ 𝟐. 𝟎𝟔" 𝟒𝟓° + 𝟒𝟓°𝟑𝟓′ 𝟓𝟑. 𝟎𝟑" 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 = 𝟔𝟎°𝟐𝟒′ 𝟓𝟏. 𝟕𝟐"
= 𝟑𝟎°𝟐𝟐′ 𝟏. 𝟎𝟑" = 𝟒𝟓°𝟏𝟕′ 𝟓𝟔. 𝟓𝟐"
Trial 3:

VII. Drawings and Figures

VIII. Sources of Errors

IX. Conclusion and Remarks

X. References

ASURVEYL Fieldwork No. 3

LAYING OUT AND MEASURING 6
LINES AND ANGLES BY TAPE