Ana Marie Cagay

Cane Calo

LEARNING AS A PROCESS IN CURRICULUM

“To teach is to make someone to learn.”
• What is learning?
• What are the ways of learning?
• When do say that you have learned?
Learning is usually defined as a change in an individual’s behavior caused by experiences or self-activity. It
implies that learning can only happen through the individual’s activity or his/her own doing. Most learning is
intentional, like when a learner acquires knowledge in the classroom or when one observes a demonstration
activity. Intentional learning occurs when activities are purposefully arranged for the students to participate and
experience.

Two Principal Types of Learning

• Behavioral Learning Theories
• Cognitive Learning Theories
Behavioral Learning Theories: Emphasize observable behavior such as new skills, knowledge, or attitudes
which can be demonstrated.

Early Behavioral Learning Theories

 Ivan Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning Theory

 Edward Thorndike’s Law of Learning
 BF Skinner’s Operant Conditioning
 Albert Bandura’s modeling or observational learning

Cognitive Models

 Jerome Bruner (1966)

 David (1968)
 Robert Gagne (1970)

Described three models of teaching which are anchored on cognitive learning theory.

Discovery Learning of Jerome Bruner

 Learners are inherently curious, thus they can be self motivated until they find answers to their
problems.
 Learners, when actively involved in their own learning, will continuously construct their own
knowledge.
 Learning is flexible, exploratory and independent.

Reception Learning of David Ausubel

Ana Marie Cagay
Cane Calo

 Though leaners are inherently curious, they may not be able to know what is important or relevant and
they need external motivation in order to learn.
 Learners should be actively involved in their own learning.
 Learning is important in order to learn new things and because knowledge continuously changes once it
is in the learners mind.

Events of Learning of Robert Gagne

Some General Statements Which Describe Learning Based on the Theories of Learning May Include the
Following:

 Learning does not take place in an empty vessel. Each learner is assumed to have prior learning and
maybe able to connect these to present learning.
 Learning is social process where interactions with other learners and teacher are needed.
 Learning as a result of individual experiences and self-activity.
 Learning is both observable and measurable.
 Learning takes place when all the senses are utilized.
 Learning will be enhanced when the learner is stimulated, directed, guided and feedback is
immediately given.
 Each learner has his/her own learning styles.

Teaching and Learning Go Together

How does teaching and learning connect to each other?
A teacher cannot claim she/he has taught if the learners have not learned substantially. The teaching styles of
the teachers should jube with the learners’ learning style.