THE RELATIONSHIP OF 3M PLUS BEHAVIOR TO THE EXISTENCE

OF Aedes aegypti LARVAE IN MEDAN DENAI DISTRICT

M. Reza Restu Fauzi, Adelina Haryani Sinambela
Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sumatera Utara
Jalan Dr. T. Mansur No.5, Medan
E-mail: mrrmargolang@gmail.com

ABSTRACT Dengue Hemorrhagic

Fever (DHF) is a viral disease that
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever spreads most rapidly in the
(DHF) is an Indonesian public health world. This disease is caused
problem that tends to increase. by bites of Aedes sp. with
Dengue incidence in Medan Denai dengue virus infected. According
District in 2014 counted 94 cases with to the WHO in 2009, about 50 million
2 deaths. Efforts are made to reduce people are affected by the disease
the spread of DHF is the activities of of DHF worldwide each year
Mosquito Nest Eradication (PSN) and more than 2.5 billion live in
such as, 3M Plus behavior. areas endemic DHF (WHO, 2009). D
The purpose of this research is HF pathogenesis has involved a wide
to know the relationship of 3M Plus variety of humoral response, like
behavior to the presence of Aedes the response to the activation
aegypti mosquito larva in Medan of T lymphocytes, complement
Denai District. The research method activation, and activation of
is analytic observational with cross- monocytes and macrophages. The
sectional design. Data collection was most popular hypothesis is the
done by interview using questioner “secondary infection.” This
and observation directly to hypothesis was initiated
respondent's house. by Halstead in 1973 (Suhendro et
al, 2014, pp. 539-548).
The results of this study According to the Ministry of
indicate that the 3M Plus behavior of health, the number of DHF cases
communiti in Medan Denai District is are 129,650 cases with 1,071 people
sufficient. 3M Plus behavior has a died. The morbidity rate
significant relationship with the is 50.75 per 100,000 population
presence of larvae Aedes aegypti and the death rate reached 0.83%. Of
(Fisher’s Exact Test, p = 0,029, 95% the 33 provinces, there
CI). are 21 provinces that had already
Keywords : 3M Plus, Aedes aegypti, reached the target the
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) Government's strategic plan. The
province with the
highest number of DHF
cases in 2015 is Bali with morbidity
rate is 257.75
INTRODUCTION per 100,000 population. When
compared with last year, an increase
in year 2015 as much 29,303 cases. According to
Especially North Sumatra Province, the Health Department of the city of
the morbidity rate of DHF is 37.84% Medan (2015), prevention of DHF in
(Kemenkes RI, 2016). According to Medan itself has been done in
data from the Health Department of various ways such as the extension of
the city of Medan (2015), there the DHF disease to the
are a 1699 cases with 15 patients community and
died. The district with the highest schools, Mosquito Nest Eradication
number of DHF cases program with the movement
is Medan Sunggal with the number of "3M + 1T", Examination
cases is 171 cases, while of Periodic Larvae, selective abatisa
the Medan Denai District has 94 si, carrying
cases with 2 deaths. out epidemiological investigations, e
One of the vectors of DHF pidemiologic surveillance at the
is Aedes aegypti. According to the location of the source of
Department of Parasitology FK UI transmission to fogging, doing cross-
(2008), this mosquitoes are smaller sectoral coordination,
than House mosquito (Culex quinque conduct regular meetings with Head
fasciatus) and it has a of health centers and clinics, and
perfect metamorphosis: egg-larvae- advocacy to stakeholders (stakeholde
pupa-adult. Egg to pupa stage is in rs).
the water environment, whereas the
adult stage are in METHOD
the air environment. The entire life The design
cycle of the mosquito Aedes sp. can of the research used in this
be reached in nine days. In the period study is observational
of larval development depends analytic with cross sectional design.
on water temperature, larval density, This research was conducted to look
as well as the availability of organic at the level of behavior
matter as food the larvae. When the of 3M Plus and the presence of the
number of larvae are larvae in the home environment of the
not overcrowded and there is enough respondents. Research done in
food so the larvae will develop district Medan Denai in
into pupae and adult mosquitoes in September 2017 until
about 5-7 days at the temperature December 2017.
of 25-30 ° c. The larvae can survive at The respondents in this
a temperature of 5-8 °C in a short study are a family in Medan Denai, in
period and will die at a temperature of this case is the head of the family
10 °C in the long period. The who have been selected as samples
larvae will and in accordance with the following
be damaged when being in the criteria:
water with temperatures above 32 °C a. Criteria for inclusion
(UF Achmadi, 2011, 2013, DT, Boe and Exclusion
wono and Rahayu DF and Ustiawan, Inclusion Criteria:
2013). 1. Being in Medan Denai
 2. The respondents are the eyedropper. If the larvae are
willing to be not affordable by eyedropper,
Exclusion Criteria: researchers using the scoop
1. Never got an explanation tool. Then the larvae taken from each
of program 3M Plus. tool by using the eyedropper, and then
moved into a small bottle. Each
Number of respondents are at of these bottles are labeled based
least 100 Respondents. Number of on the number of respondents.
respondents are obtained through the The larva will be identified in the
use laboratory of Parasitology FK USU.
of this formula Slovin (Notoadmodjo
, 2010). Samples are taken from each RESULT
of the subdistricts Table 1. Distribution of respondents by
of Medan Denai which has characteristics
six subdistricts by way of random Characteristics Number Perce
sampling. Each of the subdistricts (people) ntage
of the sample taken in accordance (%)
with the proportion of Age Group
the population with the formula: <36 19 19,0
1. Tegalsari Mandala I, 2,512 ho 36-45 25 25,0
useholds = 8 home 46-55 42 42,0
2. Tegalsari Mandala II, 56-65 11 11,0
had 4,510 households = >65 3 3,0
14 home Total 100 100,0
3. Tegalsari Mandala III, has 6,7 Gender
62 households = 21 home Male 37 37,0
4. Denai, Female 63 63,0
had 4,260 households = Total 100 100,0
13 home Level of Education
5. Binjai, Not in School 2 2,0
had 10,230 households = 31 h Unfinished
ome Primary 9 9,0
6. Medan Tenggara, School
had 4,232 households = Primary
13 home 8 8,0
School
Junior High
Samples are requested to fill in a 20 20,0
School
questionnaire about 3M Plus to find Senior High
out the value of the 53 53,0
School
respondent's behavior. The existence College 8 8,0
of larvae is seen through the shelter's Total 100 100,0
water at the home of the
respondent. If there is a Larvae in
the water in
the shelter House respondents, then t
he larvae will be taken by using
 Table 2. Distribution of respondents respondents based
based on the variables studied on the respondents education most ar
Number Percentage e Senior High School with a total
Variables
(people) (%) of 53 people (53%).
Level of 3M Plus Behavior Based on the data obtained,
Less 3 3,0 the
Enough 79 79,0 level 3M Plus behavior most respond
Good 18 18,0 ents was quite with a total
Total 100 100,0 of 79 people (79%) and the
Presence of Aedes aegypti Larvae least was less with the amount of 3
Negative 89 89,0 people (3%). The results of the data
Positive 11 11,0 collection is obtained as many as 11
Total 100 100,0 of the 100 houses there are Aedes
aegypti larvae while 89 other
House there is no larvae. Should
Table 3. Relationship of 3M Plus be on the transition of the
behavior to the presence of Aedes seasons from the dry season to
aegypti larvae the rainy season such as at the time
Presence of P of data retrieval is performed, the
3M Aedes aegypti valu mosquito population
Plus Larvae Tot e levels increase as one of the growth
Behavi al (95 factors of mosquito is the rainy
Negati Positi
or % season (Suyasa et al, 2008).
ve ve
CI)
According to the results
Less 1 2 3
Enoug 0,0 of the data analysis, the level of the
72 7 79 behavior
h 29
Good 16 2 18 of 3M Plus the respondents have less
Total 89 11 100 behavior as much as 3 people
(3%) and enough behavior i.e. as
many as 79 people (79%) as
DISCUSSION well as good behavior as much as 18
Characteristics of people (18%). Based on the results of
respondents based on age is made data analysis, there is a larvae at all
in several age groups correspond to levels such behavior on the behavior
the category of age, according to the of the respondents is less that there
Ministry of health of are 2 people
Inonesia in 2009. Based on the (66.6%), respondents with the
results of the data processing, the age enough behavior as much as 7
group of most respondents is persons (8.86%),
the early elderly age group i.e., 46- and respondents with good
55 year by the amount of 42 people behavior as much as
(42%). Characteristics of respondents 2 (11.1%). From these results it can
based on gender is male as much as 37 be concluded that
people (37%) and female respondents the respondents with the
totaled 63 people level 3M Plus a good behavior is not
(63%). Characteristics of necessarily there is no Larvae in her
home environment. It is influenced 2. The
by a variety of factors in addition community in Medan Denai has
to the 3M Plus behavior, such enough 3M Plus behavior level.
as the season progresses, environmen
tal conditions, and the condition SUGGESTION
of the landfill. Abiotic 1. The community
component factors include environm a. The community is expected
ental conditions such to increase 3M Plus as one
as temperature, rainfall, the existence of the activities
of solid waste, humidity, of mosquito nest eradication a
and evaporation. Biotic factors inclu nd prevention of DHF.
de predators, parasites, microbes, nu 2. Health services and clinics in the
mber of competitors, food, organic city of Medan Medan Denai
materials, a. Increase outreach about the
and microbial communities. The program the PSN as
conditions of the water well as provide information
reservoirs include the activity of to the public
closing the water about the DHF prevention an
reservoirs and clears the water d ways.
reservoirs (Gafur A & Jastam MS, 20 3. Other researchers
14 and Supharta IW, 2008). a. Other researchers are advised
Based on the analysis of the to conduct research with the
test analysis with bivariat Fisher's Ex study of intervention in order
act Test with to figure out
a 95% CI obtained p value 0.029 (p < the causal relationships that
0.05) showed are more powerful than
significant relationship between the the cross sectional study.
behavior of 3M Plus to the existence b. Other researchers are advised
of larvae of Aedes aegypti in to consider
district Medan Denai. These results the time research in
are in accordance with research accordance with the
conducted by Gifari, Rusmartini, ongoing season because one
and Astuti (2017) in Bandung, of the factors the existence
and Nugroho (2009) in Boyolali of larvae of season is taking
Regency, as well as Putri (2015) in place.
Jakarta stating that there is
a relationship of behavior 3M Plus to
the existence Aedes aegypti larvae. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author would like to thank the
parties who assist the author in this
CONCLUSION study. The author would like to thank
1. There dr. Adelina Haryani Sinambela, MKT
re 3M Plus behavior relationship as the author's lecturer in this
against the presence of the Aedes research. Then the authors would like
aegypti larvae at Medan Denai. to thank the Research and
Development Agency (LITBANG)
Pemko Medan and District of Medan
Denai who have given permission to
conduct research on the environment
District of Medan Denai. The authors
also want to thank Ms. Sumarni as a
cadre of DBD from Puskesamas
Medan Denai who has helped the
author in collecting data. The author
also wishes to thank Yusuf Hardi
Lubis, Robby Pandaibesi, Luthfiah
Gina, Zulhayna Syarifah, and
Nivashini as a writer friend who has
assisted the author in collecting data.
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