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Raspberry Pi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Main page
"RPi" redirects here. For other uses, see RPI.
Contents "Raspberry pie" redirects here. For the dessert, see List of pies, tarts and flans § Raspberry pie.
Featured content The Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board computers developed in the United Kingdom by the
Current events Raspberry Pi 3 Model B (latest version)
Random article Raspberry Pi Foundation to promote the teaching of basic computer science in schools and in developing
Donate to Wikipedia countries.[3][4][5] The original model became far more popular than anticipated,[6] selling outside of its target
Wikipedia store market for uses such as robotics. Peripherals (including keyboards, mice and cases) are not included with the
Interaction Raspberry Pi. Some accessories however have been included in several official and unofficial bundles.[6]
Help
About Wikipedia According to the Raspberry Pi Foundation, over 5 million Raspberry Pis have been sold before February 2015,
Community portal making it the best-selling British computer.[7] By 9 September 2016 they had sold 10 million.[8]
Recent changes
Contact page Contents
 [hide] 
Tools 1 Overview
What links here 2 Hardware
Related changes 2.1 Processor
Upload file
2.1.1 Performance
Special pages
Permanent link 2.1.2 Overclocking
Page information 2.2 RAM
Wikidata item 2.3 Networking
Cite this page 2.4 Peripherals
Print/export 2.5 Video
Create a book 2.6 Real-time clock
Download as PDF
2.7 Specifications
Printable version
2.8 Connectors Raspberry Pi 3 Model B
In other projects 2.8.1 Pi Zero 29 February 2016; 12 months ago
Wikimedia Release
Commons 2.8.2 Model A date
2.8.3 Model B Introductory US$35
Languages
Alemannisch 2.9 General purpose input-output (GPIO) connector price
‫العربية‬ 2.10 Accessories Operating Raspbian
Azərbaycanca 3 Software system CentOS
বাংলা Fedora
3.1 Operating systems
Беларуская Ubuntu MATE
Български 3.2 Driver APIs Kali Linux
Català 3.3 Firmware Ubuntu Core
Čeština 3.4 Third party application software Windows 10 IoT Core[1]
Cymraeg 3.5 Software development tools RISC OS
Dansk Slackware
4 Reception and use
Deutsch Debian
4.1 Community
Eesti Arch Linux ARM
Español 4.2 Use in education Android Things
Euskara 4.3 Use in home automation SUSE
‫فارسی‬ 4.4 Use in industrial automation FreeBSD
Français 4.5 Use in commercial products NetBSD
Galego
5 Astro Pi System-on- Broadcom BCM2837
ગુજરાતી
6 History chip used
한국어
हिनद 6.1 Pre-launch CPU 1.2 GHz 64/32-bit quad-core ARM
Bahasa Indonesia 6.2 Launch Cortex-A53

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Íslenska 6.3 Post-launch Memory 1 GB LPDDR2 RAM at 900 MHz[2]


Italiano
7 See also MicroSDHC slot
‫עברית‬ Storage
Latviešu 8 References Broadcom VideoCore IV at higher clock
Graphics
Magyar 9 Further reading frequencies (300 MHz & 400 MHz) than
മലയാളം 10 External links previous that run at 250 MHz
Nederlands 10.0 W (2 A)
Power
日本語
Overview
Norsk bokmål Website raspberrypi.org
[ edit ]
Occitan
Polski Several generations of Raspberry Pis have been released. The first generation (Raspberry Pi 1 Model B) was released in
Português February 2012. It was followed by a simpler and inexpensive model Model A. In 2014, the foundation released a board with
Română
an improved design in Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+. These boards are approximately credit-card sized and represent the
Русский
Scots standard mainline form-factor. Improved A+ and B+ models were released a year later. A "compute module" was released in
Shqip April 2014 for embedded applications, and a Raspberry Pi Zero with smaller size and reduced input/output (I/O) and
Simple English general-purpose input/output (GPIO) capabilities was released in November 2015 for US$5. The Raspberry Pi 2 which
Slovenčina
Slovenščina added more RAM was released in February 2015. Raspberry Pi 3 Model B released in February 2016 is bundled with on-
‫کوردیی ناوەندی‬ board WiFi, Bluetooth and USB Boot capabilities.[9] As of January 2017, Raspberry Pi 3 Model B is the newest mainline
Српски / srpski Raspberry Pi. Raspberry Pi boards are priced between US$5–35. As of 28 February 2017, the Raspberry PI Zero W was
Srpskohrvatski / The Raspberry Pi Zero, a $5 model
српскохрватски launched, which is identical to the Raspberry PI Zero, but has the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth functionality of the Raspberry PI 3 for first introduced in 2015.
Suomi US$10.[10][11]
Svenska
తెలుగు
All models feature a Broadcom system on a chip (SoC), which includes an ARM compatible central processing unit (CPU) and an on-chip graphics processing unit
Türkçe (GPU, a VideoCore IV). CPU speed ranges from 700 MHz to 1.2 GHz for the Pi 3 and on board memory range from 256 MB to 1 GB RAM. Secure Digital (SD) cards
Українська are used to store the operating system and program memory in either the SDHC or MicroSDHC sizes. Most boards have between one and four USB slots, HDMI
Tiếng Việt and composite video output, and a 3.5 mm phone jack for audio. Lower level output is provided by a number of GPIO pins which support common protocols like I²C.

中文 The B-models have an 8P8C Ethernet port and the Pi 3 and Pi Zero W have on board Wi-Fi 802.11n and Bluetooth.
Edit links The Foundation provides Raspbian, a Debian-based Linux distribution for download, as well as third party Ubuntu, Windows 10 IOT Core, RISC OS, and specialised
media center distributions.[12] It promotes Python and Scratch as the main programming language, with support for many other languages.[13] The default firmware is
closed source, while an unofficial open source is available[citation needed].

Hardware [ edit ]
The Raspberry Pi hardware has evolved through several versions that feature variations in memory capacity and peripheral-device support.
This block diagram depicts Models A, B, A+, and B+. Model A, A+, and the Pi Zero lack the Ethernet and USB hub
components. The Ethernet adapter is internally connected to an additional USB port. In Model A, A+, and the PI Zero, the
USB port is connected directly to the system on a chip (SoC). On the Pi 1 Model B+ and later models the USB/Ethernet chip
contains a five-point USB hub, of which four ports are available, while the Pi 1 Model B only provides two. On the Pi Zero,
the USB port is also connected directly to the SoC, but it uses a micro USB (OTG) port.

Processor [ edit ]
The Broadcom BCM2835 SoC used in the first generation Raspberry Pi is somewhat equivalent to the chip used in first
generation smartphones (its CPU is an older ARMv6 architecture),[14] which includes a 700 MHz ARM1176JZF-S processor,
VideoCore IV graphics processing unit (GPU),[15] and RAM. It has a level 1 (L1) cache of 16 KB and a level 2 (L2) cache of
128 KB. The level 2 cache is used primarily by the GPU. The SoC is stacked underneath the RAM chip, so only its edge is
visible.
The Raspberry Pi 2 uses a Broadcom BCM2836 SoC with a 900 MHz 32-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 processor (as do
many current smartphones), with 256 KB shared L2 cache.[16]
The Raspberry Pi 3 uses a Broadcom BCM2837 SoC with a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor, with
512 KB shared L2 cache.[17]

Performance [ edit ] The Raspberry Pi 2 uses a 32-bit


900 MHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A7
The Raspberry Pi 3, with a quad-core Cortex-A53 processor, is described as 10 times the performance of a Raspberry processor.
Pi 1.[17] This was suggested to be highly dependent upon task threading and instruction set use. Benchmarks showed the

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Raspberry Pi 3 to be approximately 80% faster than the Raspberry Pi 2 in parallelized tasks.[18]
Raspberry Pi 2 includes a quad-core Cortex-A7 CPU running at 900 MHz and 1 GB RAM. It is described as 4–6 times more powerful than its predecessor. The GPU
is identical to the original.[16] In parallelized benchmarks, the Raspberry Pi 2 could be up to 14 times faster than a Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+.[19]
While operating at 700 MHz by default, the first generation Raspberry Pi provided a real-world performance roughly equivalent to 0.041 GFLOPS.[20][21] On the CPU
level the performance is similar to a 300 MHz Pentium II of 1997–99. The GPU provides 1 Gpixel/s or 1.5 Gtexel/s of graphics processing or 24 GFLOPS of general
purpose computing performance. The graphical capabilities of the Raspberry Pi are roughly equivalent to the performance of the Xbox of 2001.
The LINPACK single node compute benchmark results in a mean single precision performance of 0.065 GFLOPS and a mean double precision performance of
0.041 GFLOPS for one Raspberry Pi Model-B board.[22] A cluster of 64 Raspberry Pi Model B computers, labeled "Iridis-pi", achieved a LINPACK HPL suite result of
1.14 GFLOPS (n=10240) at 216 watts for c. US$4000.[22]

Overclocking [ edit ]
The CPU chips of the first and second generation Raspberry Pi board did not require cooling, such as a heat sink, unless the chip was overclocked, but the
Raspberry Pi 2 SoC may heat more than usual under overclocking.[citation needed]
Most Raspberry Pi chips could be overclocked to 800 MHz, and some to 1000 MHz. There are reports the Raspberry Pi 2 can be similarly overclocked, in extreme
cases, even to 1500 MHz (discarding all safety features and over-voltage limitations). In the Raspbian Linux distro the overclocking options on boot can be done by
a software command running "sudo raspi-config" without voiding the warranty.[23] In those cases the Pi automatically shuts the overclocking down if the chip reaches
85 °C (185 °F), but it is possible to override automatic over-voltage and overclocking settings (voiding the warranty); an appropriately sized heatsink is needed to
protect the chip from serious overheating.
Newer versions of the firmware contain the option to choose between five overclock ("turbo") presets that when used, attempt to maximize the performance of the
SoC without impairing the lifetime of the board. This is done by monitoring the core temperature of the chip, the CPU load, and dynamically adjusting clock speeds
and the core voltage. When the demand is low on the CPU or it is running too hot the performance is throttled, but if the CPU has much to do and the chip's
temperature is acceptable, performance is temporarily increased with clock speeds of up to 1 GHz depending on the individual board and on which of the turbo
settings is used.
The seven overclock presets are:
none; 700 MHz ARM, 250 MHz core, 400 MHz SDRAM, 0 overvolt,
modest; 800 MHz ARM, 250 MHz core, 400 MHz SDRAM, 0 overvolt,
medium; 900 MHz ARM, 250 MHz core, 450 MHz SDRAM, 2 overvolt,
high; 950 MHz ARM, 250 MHz core, 450 MHz SDRAM, 6 overvolt,
turbo; 1000 MHz ARM, 500 MHz core, 600 MHz SDRAM, 6 overvolt,
Pi2; 1000 MHz ARM, 500 MHz core, 500 MHz SDRAM, 2 overvolt,
Pi3; 1100 MHz ARM, 550 MHz core, 500 MHz SDRAM, 6 overvolt. In system information CPU speed will appear as 1200 MHz. When in idle speed lowers to
600 MHz.[24][25]
In the highest (turbo) preset the SDRAM clock was originally 500 MHz, but this was later changed to 600 MHz because 500 MHz sometimes causes SD card
corruption. Simultaneously in high mode the core clock speed was lowered from 450 to 250 MHz, and in medium mode from 333 to 250 MHz.
The Raspberry Pi Zero runs at 1 GHz.

RAM [ edit ]
On the older beta Model B boards, 128 MB was allocated by default to the GPU, leaving 128 MB for the CPU.[26] On the first 256 MB release Model B (and Model
A), three different splits were possible. The default split was 192 MB (RAM for CPU), which should be sufficient for standalone 1080p video decoding, or for simple
3D, but probably not for both together. 224 MB was for Linux only, with only a 1080p framebuffer, and was likely to fail for any video or 3D. 128 MB was for heavy
3D, possibly also with video decoding (e.g. XBMC).[27] Comparatively the Nokia 701 uses 128 MB for the Broadcom VideoCore IV.[28] For the new Model B with
512 MB RAM initially there were new standard memory split files released( arm256_start.elf, arm384_start.elf, arm496_start.elf) for 256 MB, 384 MB and 496 MB
CPU RAM (and 256 MB, 128 MB and 16 MB video RAM). But a week or so later the RPF released a new version of start.elf that could read a new entry in config.txt
(gpu_mem=xx) and could dynamically assign an amount of RAM (from 16 to 256 MB in 8 MB steps) to the GPU, so the older method of memory splits became
obsolete, and a single start.elf worked the same for 256 and 512 MB Raspberry Pis.[29]
The Raspberry Pi 2 and the Raspberry Pi 3 have 1 GB of RAM.[30][31] The Raspberry Pi Zero and Zero W have 512 MB of RAM.

Networking [ edit ]

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The Model A, A+ and Pi Zero have no Ethernet circuitry and are commonly connected to a network using an external user-supplied USB Ethernet or Wi-Fi adapter.
On the Model B and B+ the Ethernet port is provided by a built-in USB Ethernet adapter using the SMSC LAN9514 chip.[32] The Raspberry Pi 3 and Pi Zero W
(Wireless) are equipped with 2.4 GHz WiFi 802.11n (150 Mbit/s) and Bluetooth 4.1 (24 Mbit/s) based on Broadcom BCM43438 FullMAC chip with no official support
for Monitor mode but implemented through unofficial firmware patching[33] and the Pi 3 also has a 10/100 Ethernet port.

Peripherals [ edit ]
The Raspberry Pi may be operated with any generic USB computer keyboard and mouse.[34] It may also be used with USB
storage, USB to MIDI converters, and virtually any other device/component with USB capabilities.
Other peripherals can be attached through the various pins and connectors on the surface of the Raspberry Pi.[35]

Video [ edit ]
The video controller can emit standard modern TV resolutions, such as HD and Full HD, and higher or lower monitor
resolutions and older standard CRT TV resolutions. As shipped (i.e., without custom overclocking) it can emit these:
640×350 EGA; 640×480 VGA; 800×600 SVGA; 1024×768 XGA; 1280×720 720p HDTV; 1280×768 WXGA variant;
1280×800 WXGA variant; 1280×1024 SXGA; 1366×768 WXGA variant; 1400×1050 SXGA+; 1600×1200 UXGA; 1680×1050
The current Model B boards
WXGA+; 1920×1080 1080p HDTV; 1920×1200 WUXGA.[36]
incorporate four USB ports for
Higher resolutions, such as, up to 2048×1152, may work[37][38] or even 3840×2160 at 15 Hz (too low a framerate for connecting peripherals.
convincing video).[39] Note also that allowing the highest resolutions does not imply that the GPU can decode video formats
at those; in fact, the Pis are known to not work reliably for H.264 (at those high resolutions), commonly used for very high
resolutions (most formats, commonly used, up to full HD, do work).
Although the Raspberry Pi 3 does not have H.265 decoding hardware, the CPU is more powerful than its predecessors,
potentially fast enough to decode H.265-encoded videos in software.[40] The GPU in the RPi 3 runs at higher clock
frequencies of 300 MHz or 400 MHz than previous versions which run at 250 MHz.[41]
The Raspberry Pis can also generate 576i and 480i composite video signals, as used on old-style (CRT) TV screens through
standard connectors – either RCA or 3.5 mm phone connector depending on models. The television signal standards
supported are PAL-BGHID, PAL-M, PAL-N, NTSC and NTSC-J.[42]

Real-time clock [ edit ]


None of the current Raspberry Pi models have a built-in real-time clock, and so they don't "know" the time of day. As a
workaround, a program running on the Pi can get the time from a network time server or user input at boot time, thus
The early Raspberry Pi 1 Model A,
knowing the time while powered on. To provide consistency of time for the file system, the PI does automatically save the with an HDMI port and a standard RCA
time it has on shutdown, and re-installs that time at boot. composite video port for older displays.

A real-time hardware clock with battery backup, such as the DS1307, which is fully binary coded, may be added (often via
the I²C interface).

Specifications [ edit ]

Type Model A Model B Compute Module* Zero


PCB ver PCB ver W
Generations 1 1+ 1 1+ 2 2 ver 1.2 3 1 3 3 lite
1.2 1.3 (Wireless)
28
Release February November April–June July February October February January November
April 2014[47] May 2016 February
date 2013[43] 2014[44] 2012 2014[45] 2015[16] 2016[46] 2016[17] 2017[48] 2015[49]
2017
US$30 (in
Target price US$25[43] US$20[44] US$35[50] US$25[51] US$35 US$35 US$35 batches of $30 $25 US$5[49] US$5 US$10
100)[47]
ARMv7-A ARMv6Z (32- ARMv8-A
Architecture ARMv6Z (32-bit) ARMv8-A (64/32-bit) ARMv6Z (32-bit)
(32-bit) bit) (64/32-bit)
Broadcom Broadcom Broadcom

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SoC Broadcom BCM2835[14] Broadcom BCM2837 Broadcom BCM2835


BCM2836 BCM2835[47] BCM2837
900 MHz
1.2 GHz
900 MHz 64-bit
1.2 GHz 64- 700 MHz 64-bit
32-bit quad-
bit quad-core single-core quad-core 1 GHz single-core ARM1176JZF-
CPU 700 MHz single-core ARM1176JZF-S[14] quad-core core
ARM Cortex- ARM1176JZF- ARM S[49]
ARM ARM
A53 S Cortex-
Cortex-A7 Cortex-
A53
A53
Broadcom VideoCore IV @ 250 MHz (BCM2837: 3D part of GPU @ 300 MHz, video part of GPU @ 400 MHz)[52][53]
GPU OpenGL ES 2.0 (BCM2835, BCM2836: 24 GFLOPS / BCM2837: 28.8 GFLOPS)
MPEG-2 and VC-1 (with license),[54] 1080p30 H.264/MPEG-4 AVC high-profile decoder and encoder[14] (BCM2837: 1080p60)
256 MB 512 MB (shared with GPU) as of 4 512 MB 1 GB
Memory
(shared with May 2016. Older boards had 256 MB 1 GB (shared with GPU) (shared with (shared 512 MB (shared with GPU)
(SDRAM)
GPU) (shared with GPU)[55] GPU) with GPU)
2 (via the 1 (direct
1 (direct from
USB 2.0 1 (direct from BCM2835 on-board 3- from 1 Micro-USB (direct from
4 (via the on-board 5-port USB hub)[32][45] BCM2835
ports[34] chip) port USB BCM2837 BCM2835 chip)
chip)
hub)[56] chip)
MIPI
camera MIPI
15-pin MIPI camera interface (CSI) connector, used with the Raspberry Pi camera or 2× MIPI camera interface
Video input None interface camera
Raspberry Pi NoIR camera[57] (CSI)[47][58][59]
(CSI) (rev interface
1.3)[60]
HDMI (rev
1.3), HDMI (rev
HDMI (rev
composite 1.3),
1.3)
video composite
composite
(3.5 mm video (RCA HDMI, 2× MIPI display
video (RCA HDMI (rev 1.3), composite video (3.5 mm TRRS Mini-HDMI, 1080p60,[49] composite
Video TRRS jack), MIPI interface (DSI) for raw
jack), MIPI jack), MIPI display interface (DSI) for raw LCD video via marked points on PCB for
outputs jack), MIPI display LCD panels,[47][59][61][62]
display panels optional header pins[64]
display interface composite video[58][63]
interface
interface (DSI) for
(DSI) for raw
(DSI) for raw LCD
LCD panels
raw LCD panels
panels
Audio
As of revision 2 boards via I²S[65]
inputs
Audio Mini-HDMI, stereo audio through
Analog via 3.5 mm phone jack; digital via HDMI and, as of revision 2 boards, I²S Analog, HDMI, I²S
outputs PWM on GPIO
SD, MMC,
MicroSDHC
SDIO card SD, MMC,
On-board MicroSDHC slot, USB 4 GB eMMC flash
slot (3.3 V SDIO card MicroSDHC slot MicroSDHC
storage[34] slot[45] Boot memory chip[47]
with card slot
Mode[66]
power only)
10/100 Mbit/s
802.11n
Ethernet,
On-board 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet (8P8C) USB adapter wireless,
None[67] 802.11n None
network[34] on the USB hub[56] Bluetooth
wireless,

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4.1
Bluetooth 4.1
8× GPIO
plus the
following,
which can
also be
used as
GPIO:
8× GPIO[68] UART, I²C
plus the bus, SPI
following, bus with
which can
17× GPIO two chip
also be used selects, I²S
plus the 46× GPIO, some of which
as GPIO: audio
same can be used for specific
Low-level UART, I²C +3.3 V, 17× GPIO plus the same specific functions, and 17× GPIO plus the same specific
specific functions including I²C,
peripherals bus, SPI bus +5 V, HAT ID bus functions, and HAT ID bus[49]
functions, SPI, UART, PCM,
with two chip ground.
and HAT ID PWM[71]
selects, I²S
bus An
audio[69]
additional
+3.3 V,
4× GPIO
+5 V,
are
ground[52][70]
available on
the P5 pad
if the user
is willing to
make
solder
connections

Power 300 mA 200 mA 700 mA 600 mA 700mA


800 mA[74] (4.0 W)[75] 200 mA (1 W) ~160 mA[49] (0.8 W)
ratings (1.5 W)[72] (1 W)[73] (3.5 W) (3.0 W)[45] (3.5 W)
Power
5 V via MicroUSB or GPIO header
source
65 mm
85.60 mm
× 56.5 mm 85.60 mm 65 mm
× 56.5 mm
× 10 mm × 56.5 mm 67.6 mm × 30 mm
(3.370 in
(2.56 in 85.60 mm × 56.5 mm (3.370 in × 2.224 in), × 17[76] mm × 30 mm 67.6 mm × 31 mm × 5 mm
Size × 2.224 in),
× 2.22 in not including protruding connectors (3.370 in (2.66 in (2.66 in × 1.22 in) (2.56 in
not including
× 0.39 in), × 2.224 in × 1.18 in) × 1.18 in
protruding
same as × 0.669 in) × 0.20 in)
connectors
HAT board
23 g 7 g 9 g
Weight 31 g (1.1 oz) 45 g (1.6 oz)
(0.81 oz) (0.25 oz)[77] (0.32 oz)[78]
Console Adding a USB network interface via tethering[67] or a serial cable with optional GPIO power connector[79]
PCB ver PCB ver W
Generation 1 1+ 1 1+ 2 2 ver 1.2 3 1 3 3 lite
1.2 1.3 (Wireless)
Type Model A Model B Compute Module* Zero

* all interfaces are via 200-pin DDR2 SO-DIMM connector.

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Connectors [ edit ]

Pi Zero [ edit ] Model A [ edit ] Model B [ edit ]

Location of connectors and main ICs Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 1 Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 1
Model A Model B revision 1.2

Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 1 Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 1
Model A+ revision 1.1 Model B+ revision 1.2 and Raspberry Pi 2

Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 3

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General purpose input-output (GPIO) connector [ edit ]


Raspberry Pi 1 Models A+ and B+, Pi 2 Model B, Pi 3 Model B and Pi Zero (and Zero W) GPIO J8 have a 40-pin pinout.[80][81] Models A and B have only the first 26
pins.[82][83][84]

GPIO# 2nd func. Pin# Pin# 2nd func. GPIO#


+3.3 V 1 2 +5 V
2 SDA1 (I²C) 3 4 +5 V
3 SCL1 (I²C) 5 6 GND
4 GCLK 7 8 TXD0 (UART) 14
GND 9 10 RXD0 (UART) 15
17 GEN0 11 12 GEN1 18
27 GEN2 13 14 GND
22 GEN3 15 16 GEN4 23
+3.3 V 17 18 GEN5 24
10 MOSI (SPI) 19 20 GND
9 MISO (SPI) 21 22 GEN6 25
11 SCLK (SPI) 23 24 CE0_N (SPI) 8
GND 25 26 CE1_N (SPI) 7
(Pi 1 Models A and B stop here)
EEPROM ID_SD 27 28 ID_SC EEPROM
5 N/A 29 30 GND
6 N/A 31 32 12
13 N/A 33 34 GND
19 N/A 35 36 N/A 16
26 N/A 37 38 Digital IN 20
GND 39 40 Digital OUT 21

Model B rev. 2 also has a pad (called P5 on the board and P6 on the schematics) of 8 pins offering access to an additional 4 GPIO connections.[85]

Function 2nd func. Pin# Pin# 2nd func. Function


N/A +5 V 1 2 +3.3 V N/A
GPIO28 GPIO_GEN7 3 4 GPIO_GEN8 GPIO29
GPIO30 GPIO_GEN9 5 6 GPIO_GEN10 GPIO31
N/A GND 7 8 GND N/A

Models A and B provide GPIO access to the ACT status LED using GPIO 16. Models A+ and B+ provide GPIO access to the ACT status LED using GPIO 47, and
the power status LED using GPIO 35.

Accessories [ edit ]
Camera – On 14 May 2013, the foundation and the distributors RS Components & Premier Farnell/Element 14 launched the Raspberry Pi camera board with a
firmware update to accommodate it.[86] The camera board is shipped with a flexible flat cable that plugs into the CSI connector located between the Ethernet and
HDMI ports. In Raspbian, one enables the system to use the camera board by the installing or upgrading to the latest version of the operating system (OS) and
then running Raspi-config and selecting the camera option. The cost of the camera module is €20 in Europe (9 September 2013).[87] It can produce 1080p, 720p
and 640x480p video. The dimensions are 25 mm × 20 mm × 9 mm.[87] In May 2016, v2 of the camera came out, and is an 8 megapixel camera.
Gertboard – A Raspberry Pi Foundation sanctioned device, designed for educational purposes, that expands the Raspberry Pi's GPIO pins to allow interface with

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and control of LEDs, switches, analog signals, sensors and other devices. It also includes an optional Arduino compatible controller to interface with the Pi.[88]
Infrared Camera – In October 2013, the foundation announced that they would begin producing a camera module without an infrared filter, called the Pi NoIR.[89]
HAT (Hardware Attached on Top) expansion boards – Together with the Model B+, inspired by the Arduino shield boards, the interface for HAT boards was
devised by the Raspberry Pi Foundation. Each HAT board carries a small EEPROM (typically a CAT24C32WI-GT3)[90] containing the relevant details of the
board,[91] so that the Raspberry Pi's OS is informed of the HAT, and the technical details of it, relevant to the OS using the HAT.[92] Mechanical details of a HAT
board, that use the four mounting holes in their rectangular formation, are available online.[93][94]

Software [ edit ]

Operating systems [ edit ]


The Raspberry Pi primarily uses Raspbian, a Debian-based Linux operating system. Other third party operating systems
available via the official website include Ubuntu MATE, Snappy Ubuntu Core, Windows 10 IoT Core, RISC OS and
specialised distributions for the Kodi media center and classroom management.[95]
Many other operating systems can also run on the Raspberry Pi.
Other operating systems (not Linux-based)
RISC OS Pi (a special cut down version RISC OS Pico, for 16 MB cards and larger for all models of Pi 1 & 2, has also
been made available.)
FreeBSD[96][97]
NetBSD[98][99] Various operating systems for the
Plan 9 from Bell Labs[100][101] and Inferno[102] (in beta) Raspberry Pi can be installed on a
MicroSD, MiniSD or SD Card,
Windows 10 IoT Core – a no-cost edition of Windows 10 offered by Microsoft that runs natively on the Raspberry Pi 2. [103]
depending on the board and available
xv6[104] – is a modern reimplementation of Sixth Edition Unix OS for teaching purposes; it is ported to Raspberry Pi from adapters; seen here is the MicroSD slot
located on the bottom of a Raspberry Pi
MIT xv6; this xv6 port can boot from NOOBS.
2 board.
Haiku – is an opensource BeOS clone that has can be compiled for the Raspberry Pi and several other ARM boards.[105]
[
Work on Pi 1 began in 2011, but only the Pi 2 will be supported. citation needed ]

HelenOS – a portable microkernel-based multiserver operating system; has basic Raspberry Pi support since version 0.6.0[106]
Genode OS Framework – supports the Raspberry Pi platform with the base-hw kernel since release 13.05[107]
Other operating systems (Linux-based)
Android Things - an embedded version of the Android operating system designed for IoT device development.
Arch Linux ARM - a port of Arch Linux for ARM processors.
Xbian[108] – using the Kodi (formerly XBMC) open source digital media center
openSUSE[109]
Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix[110]
Pidora,[111] another Fedora Remix optimized for the Raspberry Pi
Gentoo Linux[112]
Diet Pi, includes a diverse range of servers for media, VPN, Minecraft and many others[113]
CentOS for Raspberry Pi 2 and later
RedSleeve (a RHEL port) for Raspberry Pi 1
Slackware ARM – version 13.37 and later runs on the Raspberry Pi without modification.[114][115][116][117] The 128–496 MB of available memory on the Raspberry
Pi is at least twice the minimum requirement of 64 MB needed to run Slackware Linux on an ARM or i386 system.[118] (Whereas the majority of Linux systems
boot into a graphical user interface, Slackware's default user environment is the textual shell / command line interface.[119]) The Fluxbox window manager running
under the X Window System requires an additional 48 MB of RAM.[120]
Moebius[121] – is a light ARM HF distribution based on Debian. It uses Raspbian repository, but it fits in a 128 MB SD card.[122] It has only minimal services and
its memory use is optimized to be small.
OpenWrt – is primarily used on embedded devices to route network traffic.
Kali Linux – is a Debian-derived distro designed for digital forensics and penetration testing.
SolydXK - is a light Debian-derived distro with Xfce.
Pardus ARM[123] – is a Debian-based operating system which is the light version of the Pardus (operating system).

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Instant WebKiosk – is an operating system for digital signage purposes (web and media views).
Ark OS – is designed for website and email self-hosting.
ROKOS[124] – is a Raspbian-based operating system with integrated clients for the Bitcoin and OKCash cryptocurrencies.
Kano OS[125]
Nard SDK[126] – is a software development kit (SDK) for industrial embedded systems.
Sailfish OS with Raspberry Pi 2 (due to use ARM Cortex-A7 CPU; Raspberry Pi 1 uses different ARMv6 architecture and Sailfish requires ARMv7.)[127]
Tiny Core Linux – a minimal Linux operating system focused on providing a base system using BusyBox and FLTK. Designed to run primarily in RAM.
IPFire – is a dedicated firewall/router distribution for the protection of a SOHO LAN; runs only on a Raspberry Pi 1; porting to the Raspberry Pi 2 is not planned for
now.[128]
Alpine Linux – is a Linux distribution based on musl and BusyBox, primarily designed for "power users who appreciate security, simplicity and resource
efficiency".
Void Linux – a rolling release Linux distribution which was designed and implemented from scratch, provides images based on musl or glibc.
Tingbot OS[129] – based on Raspbian, primarily designed for use with the Tingbot addon and running Tide apps.[130]
WTware for Raspberry Pi[131] – is a free operating system for creating Windows thin client from Pi 2 and Pi 3.
Fedora 25 – supports Pi 2 and later (Pi 1 is supported by some unofficial derivatives, e.g. listed here.).
Media center operating systems: OSMC, OpenELEC, LibreELEC , Xbian , Rasplex
Audio operating systems : Volumio , Pimusicbox , Runeaudio , moOdeaudio
Retrogaming operating systems: Retropie , Recalbox , Happi Game Center , Lakka , ChameleonPi , Piplay
Puppy Linux

Driver APIs [ edit ]


See also: VideoCore § Linux support
Raspberry Pi can use a VideoCore IV GPU via a binary blob, which is loaded into the GPU at boot time from the SD-card,
and additional software, that initially was closed source.[132] This part of the driver code was later released.[133] However,
much of the actual driver work is done using the closed source GPU code. Application software use calls to closed source
run-time libraries (OpenMax, OpenGL ES or OpenVG) which in turn calls an open source driver inside the Linux kernel,
which then calls the closed source VideoCore IV GPU driver code. The API of the kernel driver is specific for these closed
libraries. Video applications use OpenMAX, 3D applications use OpenGL ES and 2D applications use OpenVG which both in
turn use EGL. OpenMAX and EGL use the open source kernel driver in turn.[134]

Firmware [ edit ]
The official firmware is a freely redistributable[135] binary blob, that is closed-source.[105] A minimal open source firmware is
also available.[136]
Scheme of the implemented APIs:
Third party application software [ edit ] OpenMAX, OpenGL ES and OpenVG
AstroPrint – AstroPrint's Wireless 3D printing software can be run on the Pi 2.[137]
C/C++ Interpreter Ch - Released 03 January 2017, C/C++ interpreter Ch and Embedded Ch are released free for non-
commercial use for Rasperry Pi, ChIDE is also included for the beginners to learn C/C++.[138]
Mathematica & the Wolfram Language – Since 21 November 2013, Raspbian includes a full installation of this proprietary software for free.[139][140][141] As of 24
August 2015, the version is Mathematica 10.2.[142] Programs can be run either from a command line interface or from a Notebook interface. There are Wolfram
Language functions for accessing connected devices.[143] There is also a Wolfram Language desktop development kit allowing development for Raspberry Pi in
Mathematica from desktop machines, including features from the loaded Mathematica version such as image processing and machine learning.[144][145][146]
Minecraft – Released 11 February 2013, a version for the Raspberry Pi, in which you can modify the game world with code, the only official version of the game in
which you can do so.[147]
RealVNC – Since 28 September 2016, Raspbian includes RealVNC's remote access server and viewer software.[148][149][150] This includes a new capture
technology which allows directly-rendered content (e.g. Minecraft, camera preview and omxplayer) as well as non-X11 applications to be viewed and controlled
remotely.[151][152]
UserGate Web Filter – On 20 September 2013, Florida-based security vendor Entensys announced porting UserGate Web Filter to Raspberry Pi platform.[153]

Software development tools [ edit ]

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Arduino IDE - for programming an arduino.


Algoid – for learning programming for kids and beginners.
BlueJ – for teaching Java to beginners.
Fawlty Language – a freely usable IDL (programming language) clone for Pi 2.
Greenfoot – Greenfoot teaches object orientation with Java. Create 'actors' which live in 'worlds' to build games, simulations, and other graphical programs.
Julia – an interactive and cross-platform programming language/environment, that runs on the Pi 1 and later.[154] IDEs for Julia, such as Juno, are available. See
also Pi-specific repository JuliaBerry .
Lazarus – a Free Pascal RAD IDE resembling Delphi
LiveCode – educational RAD IDE descended from HyperCard using English-like language to write event-handlers for WYSIWYG widgets runnable on desktop,
mobile and Raspberry Pi platforms.
Ninja-IDE – a cross-platform integrated development environment (IDE) for Python.
Object Pascal[155] – an object oriented variant (the one used in Delphi and Lazarus) of Niklaus Wirth's original Pascal language. Free Pascal is the compiler in
Lazarus
Processing – an IDE built for the electronic arts, new media art, and visual design communities with the purpose of teaching the fundamentals of computer
programming in a visual context.
Scratch – a cross platform teaching IDE using visual blocks that stack like Lego™ originally developed by MIT's Life Long Kindergarten group. The Pi version is
very heavily optimised[156] for the limited compute resources available and is implemented in the Squeak Smalltalk system.
Squeak Smalltalk – a full scale open Smalltalk.
V-Play Game Engine – a cross-platform development framework that supports mobile game and app development with the V-Play Game Engine, V-Play apps
and V-Play plugins.
Xojo – a cross-platform, professional RAD tool that can create desktop, web and console apps for Pi 2.
PowerBerry[157] – a port of POWER-KI[158] programming language on Windows 10 IoT – The PowerBerry Manager (PBM) allows the managing of the board and
its distribution contains demo and test Apps (GPIO, WEB, PCA9685).

Reception and use [ edit ]


Technology writer Glyn Moody described the project in May 2011 as a "potential BBC Micro 2.0", not by replacing PC compatible machines but by supplementing
them.[159] In March 2012 Stephen Pritchard echoed the BBC Micro successor sentiment in ITPRO.[160] Alex Hope, co-author of the Next Gen report, is hopeful that
the computer will engage children with the excitement of programming.[161] Co-author Ian Livingstone suggested that the BBC could be involved in building support
for the device, possibly branding it as the BBC Nano.[162] Chris Williams, writing in The Register sees the inclusion of programming languages such as Kids Ruby,
Scratch and BASIC as a "good start" to equip kids with the skills needed in the future – although it remains to be seen how effective their use will be.[163] The Centre
for Computing History strongly supports the Raspberry Pi project, feeling that it could "usher in a new era".[164] Before release, the board was showcased by ARM's
CEO Warren East at an event in Cambridge outlining Google's ideas to improve UK science and technology education.[165]
Harry Fairhead, however, suggests that more emphasis should be put on improving the educational software available on existing hardware, using tools such as
Google App Inventor to return programming to schools, rather than adding new hardware choices.[166] Simon Rockman, writing in a ZDNet blog, was of the opinion
that teens will have "better things to do", despite what happened in the 1980s.[167]
In October 2012, the Raspberry Pi won T3's Innovation of the Year award,[168] and futurist Mark Pesce cited a (borrowed) Raspberry Pi as the inspiration for his
ambient device project MooresCloud.[169] In October 2012, the British Computer Society reacted to the announcement of enhanced specifications by stating, "it's
definitely something we'll want to sink our teeth into."[170]
In February 2015, a switched-mode power supply chip, designated U16, of the Raspberry Pi 2 Model B version 1.1 (the initially released version) was found to be
vulnerable to flashes of light,[171] particularly the light from xenon camera flashes and green[172] and red laser pointers. However, other bright lights, particularly ones
that are on continuously, were found to have no effect. The symptom was the Raspberry Pi 2 spontaneously rebooting or turning off when these lights were flashed
at the chip. Initially, some users and commenters suspected that the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) from the xenon flash tube was causing the problem by interfering
with the computer's digital circuitry, but this was ruled out by tests where the light was either blocked by a card or aimed at the other side of the Raspberry Pi 2, both
of which did not cause a problem. The problem was narrowed down to the U16 chip by covering first the system on a chip (main processor) and then U16 with Blu-
Tack (an opaque poster mounting compound). Light being the sole culprit, instead of EMP, was further confirmed by the laser pointer tests,[172] where it was also
found that less opaque covering was needed to shield against the laser pointers than to shield against the xenon flashes.[171] The U16 chip seems to be bare silicon
without a plastic cover (i.e. a chip-scale package or wafer-level package), which would, if present, block the light. Unofficial workarounds include covering U16 with
opaque material (such as electrical tape,[171][172] lacquer, poster mounting compound, or even balled-up bread[171]), putting the Raspberry Pi 2 in a case,[172] and
avoiding taking photos of the top side of the board with a xenon flash. This issue was not caught before the release of the Raspberry Pi 2 because while commercial

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electronic devices are routinely subjected to tests of susceptibility to radio interference, it is not standard or common practice to test their susceptibility to optical
interference.[171]

Community [ edit ]
The Raspberry Pi community was described by Jamie Ayre of FLOSS software company AdaCore as one of the most exciting parts of the project.[173] Community
blogger Russell Davis said that the community strength allows the Foundation to concentrate on documentation and teaching.[173] The community developed a
fanzine around the platform called The MagPi[174] which in 2015, was handed over to the Raspberry Pi Foundation by its volunteers to be continued in-house.[175] A
series of community Raspberry Jam events have been held across the UK and around the world.[176]

Use in education [ edit ]


As of January 2012, enquiries about the board in the United Kingdom have been received from schools in both the state and private sectors, with around five times
as much interest from the latter. It is hoped that businesses will sponsor purchases for less advantaged schools.[177] The CEO of Premier Farnell said that the
government of a country in the Middle East has expressed interest in providing a board to every schoolgirl, in order to enhance her employment prospects.[178][179]
In 2014, the Raspberry Pi Foundation hired a number of its community members including ex-teachers and software developers to launch a set of free learning
resources for its website.[180] The resources are freely licensed under Creative Commons, and contributions and collaborations are encouraged on social coding
platform GitHub.
The Foundation also started a teacher training course called Picademy with the aim of helping teachers prepare for teaching the new computing curriculum using the
Raspberry Pi in the classroom.[181] The continued professional development course is provided free for teachers and is run by the Foundation's education team.
In January 2017, a free MOOC course launched on Kadenze in collaboration with University of New South Wales in Sydney Australia on the Internet of Things using
Raspberry Pi Online Rpi Course . There are also good online resources for Raspberry Pi on Sparkfun site as well as the Raspberry Pi Organization
community.

Use in home automation [ edit ]


There are a number of developers and applications that are leveraging the Raspberry Pi for home automation. These programmers are making an effort to modify
the Raspberry Pi into a cost-affordable solution in energy monitoring and power consumption. Because of the relatively low cost of the Raspberry Pi, this has
become a popular and economical solution to the more expensive commercial alternatives.[182]

Use in industrial automation [ edit ]


In June 2014, TECHBASE, Polish industrial automation manufacturer designed world's first industrial computer based on Rapberry Pi Compute Module, called
ModBerry. The device has numerous interfaces, most notably RS-485/232 serial ports, digital and analog inputs/outputs, CAN and economical 1-Wire buses, all of
which are widely used in automation industry. The design allows the use of Compute Module in harsh industrial environments, leading to conclusion, that Raspberry
Pi is no longer limited to home and science projects only, but can be widely used as Industrial IoT solution and achieve goals of Industry 4.0.[183]

Use in commercial products [ edit ]


OTTO is a digital camera created by Next Thing Co. It incorporates a Raspberry Pi Compute Module. It was successfully crowd-funded in a May 2014 Kickstarter
campaign.[184]
Slice is a digital media player which also uses a Compute Module as its heart. It was crowd-funded in an August 2014 Kickstarter campaign. The software running
on Slice is based on Kodi.[185]

Astro Pi [ edit ]
A project was launched in December 2014 at an event held by the UK Space Agency. The Astro Pi competition was officially opened in January and was opened to
all primary and secondary school aged children who were residents of the United Kingdom. During his mission, British ESA Astronaut Tim Peake deployed the
computers on board the International Space Station.[186] He loaded the winning code while in orbit, collect the data generated and then sent this to Earth where it
was be distributed to the winning teams. The themes of Spacecraft Sensors, Satellite Imaging, Space Measurements, Data Fusion and Space Radiation were
devised to stimulate creative and scientific thinking.
The organisations involved in the Astro Pi competition include the UK Space Agency, UKspace, Raspberry Pi, ESERO-UK and ESA.

History [ edit ]

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This section contains embedded lists that may be better presented using prose. You can help by converting the
list or lists to prose, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (February 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template
message)

In 2006, early concepts of the Raspberry Pi were based on the Atmel ATmega644 microcontroller. Its schematics and PCB
layout are publicly available.[187] Foundation trustee Eben Upton assembled a group of teachers, academics and computer
enthusiasts to devise a computer to inspire children.[177] The computer is inspired by Acorn's BBC Micro of 1981.[188][189]
The Model A, Model B and Model B+ names are references to the original models of the British educational BBC Micro
computer, developed by Acorn Computers.[163] The first ARM prototype version of the computer was mounted in a package
the same size as a USB memory stick.[190] It had a USB port on one end and an HDMI port on the other.
The Foundation's goal was to offer two versions, priced at US$25 and 35. They started accepting orders for the higher priced
Model B on 29 February 2012,[191] the lower cost Model A on 4 February 2013.[192] and the even lower cost (US$20) A+ on
10 November 2014.[44] On 26 November 2015, the cheapest Raspberry PI yet, the Raspberry PI Zero, was launched at
US$5 or £4.[193] An early alpha-test board in
operation using different layout from
Pre-launch [ edit ] later beta and production boards
July 2011: Trustee Eben Upton publicly approached the RISC OS Open community in July 2011 to enquire about
assistance with a port.[194] Adrian Lees at Broadcom has since worked on the port,[195][196] with his work being cited in a discussion regarding the graphics
drivers.[197] This port is now included in NOOBS.
August 2011 – 50 alpha boards are manufactured. These boards were functionally identical to the planned Model B,[198] but they were physically larger to
accommodate debug headers. Demonstrations of the board showed it running the LXDE desktop on Debian, Quake 3 at 1080p,[199] and Full HD MPEG-4 video
over HDMI.[200]
October 2011 – A version of RISC OS 5 was demonstrated in public, and following a year of development the port was released for general consumption in
November 2012.[201][202][203][204]
December 2011 – Twenty-five Model B Beta boards were assembled and tested[205] from one hundred unpopulated PCBs.[206] The component layout of the Beta
boards was the same as on production boards. A single error was discovered in the board design where some pins on the CPU were not held high; it was fixed
for the first production run.[207] The Beta boards were demonstrated booting Linux, playing a 1080p movie trailer and the Rightware Samurai OpenGL ES
benchmark.[208]
Early 2012 – During the first week of the year, the first 10 boards were put up for auction on eBay.[209][210] One was bought anonymously and donated to the
museum at The Centre for Computing History in Cambridge, England.[164][211] The ten boards (with a total retail price of £220) together raised over £16,000,[212]
with the last to be auctioned, serial number No. 01, raising £3,500.[213] In advance of the anticipated launch at the end of February 2012, the Foundation's servers
struggled to cope with the load placed by watchers repeatedly refreshing their browsers.[214]

Launch [ edit ]
19 February 2012 – The first proof of concept SD card image that could be loaded onto an SD card to produce a preliminary operating system is released. The
image was based on Debian 6.0 (Squeeze), with the LXDE desktop and the Midori browser, plus various programming tools. The image also runs on QEMU
allowing the Raspberry Pi to be emulated on various other platforms.[215][216]
29 February 2012 – Initial sales commence 29 February 2012[217] at 06:00 UTC;. At the same time, it was announced that the model A, originally to have had
128 MB of RAM, was to be upgraded to 256 MB before release.[191] The Foundation's website also announced: "Six years after the project's inception, we're
nearly at the end of our first run of development – although it's just the beginning of the Raspberry Pi story."[218] The web-shops of the two licensed manufacturers
selling Raspberry Pi's within the United Kingdom, Premier Farnell and RS Components, had their websites stalled by heavy web traffic immediately after the
launch (RS Components briefly going down completely).[219][220] Unconfirmed reports suggested that there were over two million expressions of interest or pre-
orders.[221] The official Raspberry Pi Twitter account reported that Premier Farnell sold out within a few minutes of the initial launch, while RS Components took
over 100,000 pre orders on day one.[191] Manufacturers were reported in March 2012 to be taking a "healthy number" of pre-orders.[173]
March 2012 – Shipping delays for the first batch were announced in March 2012, as the result of installation of an incorrect Ethernet port,[222][223] but the
Foundation expected that manufacturing quantities of future batches could be increased with little difficulty if required.[224] "We have ensured we can get them
[the Ethernet connectors with magnetics] in large numbers and Premier Farnell and RS Components [the two distributors] have been fantastic at helping to
source components," Upton said. The first batch of 10,000 boards was manufactured in Taiwan and China.[225][226]
8 March 2012 – Release Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix, the recommended Linux distribution,[227] developed at Seneca College in Canada.[228]
March 2012 – The Debian port is initiated by Mike Thompson, former CTO of Atomz. The effort was largely carried out by Thompson and Peter Green, a
volunteer Debian developer, with some support from the Foundation, who tested the resulting binaries that the two produced during the early stages (neither

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Thompson nor Green had physical access to the hardware, as boards were not widely accessible at the time due to demand).[229] While the preliminary proof of
concept image distributed by the Foundation before launch was also Debian-based, it differed from Thompson and Green's Raspbian effort in a couple of ways.
The POC image was based on then-stable Debian Squeeze, while Raspbian aimed to track then-upcoming Debian Wheezy packages.[216] Aside from the
updated packages that would come with the new release, Wheezy was also set to introduce the armhf architecture,[230] which became the raison d'être for the
Raspbian effort. The Squeeze-based POC image was limited to the armel architecture, which was, at the time of Squeeze's release, the latest attempt by the
Debian project to have Debian run on the newest ARM embedded-application binary interface (EABI).[231] The armhf architecture in Wheezy intended to make
Debian run on the ARM VFP hardware floating-point unit, while armel was limited to emulating floating point operations in software.[232][233] Since the Raspberry
Pi included a VFP, being able to make use of the hardware unit would result in performance gains and reduced power use for floating point operations.[229] The
armhf effort in mainline Debian, however, was orthogonal to the work surrounding the Pi and only intended to allow Debian to run on ARMv7 at a minimum, which
would mean the Pi, an ARMv6 device, would not benefit.[230] As a result, Thompson and Green set out to build the 19,000 Debian packages for the device using
a custom build cluster.[229]

Post-launch [ edit ]
16 April 2012 – Reports appear from the first buyers who had received their Raspberry Pi.[234][235]
20 April 2012 – The schematics for the Model A and Model B are released.[236]
18 May 2012 – The Foundation reported on its blog about a prototype camera module they had tested.[237] The prototype used a 14-megapixel module.
22 May 2012 – Over 20,000 units had been shipped.[238]
16 July 2012 – It was announced that 4,000 units were being manufactured per day, allowing Raspberry Pis to be bought in bulk.[239][240]
24 August 2012 – Hardware accelerated video (H.264) encoding becomes available after it became known that the existing license also covered encoding.
Formerly it was thought that encoding would be added with the release of the announced camera module.[241][242] However, no stable software exists for
hardware H.264 encoding.[243] At the same time the Foundation released two additional codecs that can be bought separately, MPEG-2 and Microsoft's VC-1.
Also it was announced that the Pi will implement CEC, enabling it to be controlled with the television's remote control.[54]
July 2012 – Release of Raspbian.[244]
5 September 2012 – The Foundation announced a second revision of the Raspberry Pi Model B.[245] A revision 2.0 board is announced, with a number of minor
corrections and improvements.[246]
6 September 2012 – Announcement that in future the bulk of Raspberry Pi units would be manufactured in the UK, at Sony's manufacturing facility in Pencoed,
Wales. The Foundation estimated that the plant would produce 30,000 units per month, and would create about 30 new jobs.[247][248]
15 October 2012 – It is announced that new Raspberry Pi Model Bs are to be fitted with 512 MB instead of 256 MB RAM.[249]
24 October 2012 – The Foundation announces that "all of the VideoCore driver code which runs on the ARM" had been released as free software under a BSD-
style license, making it "the first ARM-based multimedia SoC with fully-functional, vendor-provided (as opposed to partial, reverse engineered) fully open-source
drivers", although this claim has not been universally accepted.[133] On 28 February 2014, they also announced the release of full documentation for the
VideoCore IV graphics core, and a complete source release of the graphics stack under a 3-clause BSD license[250][251]
October 2012 – It was reported that some customers of one of the two main distributors had been waiting more than six months for their orders. This was
reported to be due to difficulties in sourcing the CPU and conservative sales forecasting by this distributor.[252]
17 December 2012 – The Foundation, in collaboration with IndieCity and Velocix, opens the Pi Store, as a "one-stop shop for all your Raspberry Pi (software)
needs". Using an application included in Raspbian, users can browse through several categories and download what they want. Software can also be uploaded
for moderation and release.[253]
3 June 2013 – 'New Out Of Box Software or NOOBS is introduced. This makes the Raspberry Pi easier to use by simplifying the installation of an operating
system. Instead of using specific software to prepare an SD card, a file is unzipped and the contents copied over to a FAT formatted (4 GB or bigger) SD card.
That card can then be booted on the Raspberry Pi and a choice of six operating systems is presented for installation on the card. The system also contains a
recovery partition that allows for the quick restoration of the installed OS, tools to modify the config.txt and an online help button and web browser which directs to
the Raspberry Pi Forums.[254]
October 2013 – The Foundation announces that the one millionth Pi had been manufactured in the United Kingdom.[255]
November 2013: they announce that the two millionth Pi shipped between 24 and 31 October.[256]
28 February 2014 – On the day of the second anniversary of the Raspberry Pi, Broadcom, together with the Raspberry PI foundation, announced the release of
full documentation for the VideoCore IV graphics core,[clarification needed] and a complete source release of the graphics stack under a 3-clause BSD
license.[250][251]

7 April 2014 – The official Raspberry Pi blog announced the Raspberry Pi Compute Module, a device in a 200-pin DDR2
SO-DIMM-configured memory module (though not in any way compatible with such RAM), intended for consumer

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electronics designers to use as the core of their own products.[47]


June 2014 – The official Raspberry Pi blog mentioned that the three millionth Pi shipped in early May 2014.[257]
14 July 2014 – The official Raspberry Pi blog announced the Raspberry Pi Model B+, "the final evolution of the original
Raspberry Pi. For the same price as the original Raspberry Pi model B, but incorporating numerous small improvements
people have been asking for".[45] Raspberry Pi Compute Module
10 November 2014 – The official Raspberry Pi blog announced the Raspberry Pi Model A+.[44] It is the smallest and
cheapest (US$20) Raspberry Pi so far and has the same processor and RAM as the model A. Like the A, it has no
Ethernet port, and only one USB port, but does have the other innovations of the B+, like lower power, micro-SD-card slot,
and 40-pin HAT compatible GPIO.
2 February 2015 – The official Raspberry Pi blog announced the Raspberry Pi 2. Looking like a Model B+, it has a
900 MHz quad-core ARMv7 Cortex-A7 CPU, twice the memory (for a total of 1 GB) and complete compatibility with the
original generation of Raspberry Pis.[258]
14 May 2015 – The price of Model B+ was decreased from US$35 to 25, purportedly as a "side effect of the production
optimizations" from the Pi 2 development.[259] Industry observers have skeptically noted, however, that the price drop
appeared to be a direct response to the C.H.I.P., a lower-priced competitor.[260]
26 November 2015 – The Raspberry Pi Foundation launched the Raspberry Pi Zero, the smallest and cheapest member Raspberry Pi Model B
of the Raspberry Pi family yet, at 65 mm × 30 mm, and US$5. The Zero is similar to the model A+ without camera and
LCD connectors, while smaller and uses less power. It was given away with the Raspberry PI magazine Magpi #40 that
was distributed in the UK and US that day – the MagPi was sold out at almost every retailer internationally due to the freebie.[49]
29 February 2016 – Raspberry Pi 3 with a BCM2837 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad processor based on the ARMv8 Cortex A53, with built-in Wi-Fi BCM43438 802.11n
2.4 GHz and Bluetooth 4.1 Low Energy (BLE). Starting with a 32-bit Raspbian version, with a 64-bit version later to come if "there is value in moving to 64-bit
mode". In the same announcement it was said that a new BCM2837 based Compute Module was expected to be introduced a few months later.[261]
February 2016 – The Raspberry Pi Foundation announces that they had sold eight million devices (for all models combined), making it the best-selling UK
personal computer, ahead of the Amstrad PCW.[262][263] Sales reached ten million in September 2016.[6]
25 April 2016 – Raspberry Pi Camera v2.1 announced with 8 Mpixels, in normal and NoIR (can receive IR) versions. The camera uses the Sony IMX219 chip with
a resolution of 3280 × 2464. To make use of the new resolution the software has to be updated.[264]
10 October 2016 – NEC Display Solutions announces that select models of commercial displays to be released in early 2017 will incorporate a Raspberry Pi 3
Compute Module.[265]
14 October 2016 – Raspberry Pi Foundation announces their cooperation with NEC Display Solutions. They expect that the Raspberry Pi 3 Compute Module will
be available to the general public by the end of 2016.[266]
25 November 2016 – 11 million units sold.[267]
16 January 2017 – Compute Module 3 and Compute Module 3 Lite are launched.[268]
28 February 2017 - Raspberry Pi Zero W with WiFi and Bluetooth via chip scale antennas launched.[269][270]

See also [ edit ]


Arduino
Computing portal
RACHEL
Comparison of single-board computers Education portal

References [ edit ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi[04/04/2017 2:30:07 PM]


Raspberry Pi - Wikipedia

Further reading [ edit ]


Raspberry Pi For Dummies; Sean McManus and Mike Cook; 432 pages; 2013; ISBN 978-1118554210.
Getting Started with Raspberry Pi; Matt Richardson and Shawn Wallace; 176 pages; 2013; ISBN 978-1449344214.
Raspberry Pi User Guide; Eben Upton and Gareth Halfacree; 312 pages; 2014; ISBN 978-1118921661.
Hello Raspberry Pi!; Ryan Heitz; 320 pages; 2016; ISBN 978-1617292453.
Getting Started with Wolfram Language and Mathematica for Raspberry Pi; Agus Kurniawan; 73 pages; 2016; ISBN B01BON8NCI.

External links [ edit ]


Raspberry Pi Foundation official website and forums
Raspberry Pi Wiki, supported by the RPF Wikimedia Commons has media
related to Raspberry Pi.
The MagPi newsletter
Raspberry Pi gpio pinout
Raspberry Pi component map
ARM1176JZF-S (ARM11 CPU Core) Technical Reference Manual , ARM Holdings.

v·t·e Single-board computer & Single-board microcontroller [show]


v·t·e Linux-powered devices [show]
Authority control LCCN: sh2013000263 · GND: 1027903738

Categories: 2012 establishments in the United Kingdom ARM architecture Computer science education in the United Kingdom British computers
Educational hardware Linux-based devices Microcontrollers Products introduced in 2012 Single-board computers

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