Traffic Management and Accident Investigation: Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, Rcrim

TRAFFIC
MANAGEMENT AND
ACCIDENT
INVESTIGATION
Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT &
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
• Definition of Terms
• History
• Fundamentals of Traffic Management
• Pillars of Traffic
• Driver’s License
• Registration of MVs
• General Rule of Road Use and Conduct
• Traffic Control
• Traffic Patrol
• Traffic Accident Investigation
DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Traffic
Movement of persons, goods, or
vehicles
either powered by combustion system
or animal drawn
from 1 place to another
for the purpose of travel

The word traffic was derived
from the word “trafficare”
which means:
A. To travel
B.To traverse
C.To carry on trade
D.To transport
DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Congestion
Place crowded with people or vehicles
Difficult to move around

DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Traffic Congestion
A condition on road networks that
occurs as use increases and is
characterized by:
 slower speed
 longer trip times
 increased vehicle queuing

DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Management
Skillful use of means to accomplish a
purpose

DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Traffic Management
Method of control for roadwork, that is,
the measures intended to improve road
safety for all its users and ease
congestion
Systematic administration and
operation of traffic

DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Traffic Unit
Any person using the roadway

DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Accident
Unexpected occurrence which results
to:
 unintended death
 injury
 damage to property

DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Traffic Accident
Accident involving travel transportation
on a traffic way

DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Traffic Accident Investigation
Systematic process of establishing the
facts and circumstances pertaining to a
traffic accident

DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Roadway
Refers to that part of the traffic way
over which motor vehicle pass.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Roads are classified as:
1. National Roads – connects provinces and
cities
2. Provincial R. – interconnects cities or
municipalities within the province
3. City R. – connects barangays within a city
4. Municipal R. – connects barangays within a
municipality
5. Barangay R. – connect sitios or places within
the barangay
DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Shoulder
Refers to either side of the roadway,
especially along highways

DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Traffic Way
refers to the entire width between
boundary lines of every way or place of
which any part is open to the use of the
public for purposes of vehicular traffic
as a matter of right or custom .

DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Road/Arterial Highway
 high-capacity urban roads that direct
traffic from collector roads to
expressways or freeways
 also called major highway which
serves as main artery that caters on big
volumes of vehicular traffic on national
roadways

DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Collector Highway
 aka distributor road which connects low-
to-moderate highways roads to arterial
highways
 It also refers to a highway that serves
primarily to funnel traffic from one local
highway to another

DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Throughway or Thruway
 highway that has limited entrances and
exits such as expressways, freeways or
motorways.
 It is known as the autobahn in German-
speaking countries

DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Expressways
 a trough traffic for free flow of
vehicular movement

DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Tunnel Road
 a passage of wide section cut through
a hill or sea to shorten circuitous
roadway

DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Subway
 an underground conduit running
entirely under the ground for fast travel
route of commuters

DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Skyway
 a modern urban system of roadway
above street level for free flow of traffic

DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Intersection
 Area of a roadway created when two
or more roadways join together at any
angle

DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Classification of Intersections
• Based on the Number of Intersecting
Roads
 3-way Intersection – T or Y crossroads
 4-way – most common type
 5-way – least common
 6-way – crossing of 3 streets most often 2
perpendicular roads and 1 diagonal road, this type is
very rare
 Staggered – 2 successive T crossroads

DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Classification of Intersections
• Based on Traffic Control
 Controlled Intersection – controlled by traffic
devices
 Uncontrolled Intersection – no traffic sign or signal
 Box Junction – generally prohibits entry unless the
exit is clear
 Cloverleaf – highway interchange which 2 highway
one crossing over the other, have series of entrance
and exit ramps

HISTORY
HISTORY
• Roads and Vehicles
 Bicycle
 Steam Engine
 Railroad
 Motor Vehicle

They are considered as the
major road builders in the
ancient world.
A. Greeks
B.Romans
C.Sumerians
D.Westerners
It served as the nursery of
automobile builders.
A. Steam Engine
B.Bicycle
C.Sled
D.Roads
It is considered as one of the
ancestor of the modern bicycle.
A. Draisienne
B.Hobby Horse or Dan Horse
C.Kirkapatrick Macmillan
D.None of the Above
In 1817, Karl Von Drais
introduced a steerable wheel on
a bicycle, creating the:
A. Draisienne
B.Hobby Horse
C.Kirkapatrick Macmillan
D.None of the Above
HISTORY
 Steam Engine
 perfected by JAMES WATT in the
1760s
 provided power for many industries
and factories in England.

HISTORY
 Railroads
 Horse-drawn wagons with wooden
wheels and rails had been used in English
and European mines during the 17 th
century

He built and equipped the 32-km
Stockton and Darlington railway, the
1st railway in the world powered by
a steam locomotive.
A. George Stephenson
B. Rudolf Diesel
C. Henry Ford
D. John Boyd Dunlop
The first mode of transportation to
challenge the railroads.
A. Bicycle
B. Steam Engine
C. Motor Vehicle
D. None of the Above
Who invented the Internal
Combustion Engine?
A. French Entiene Lenoir

B.Nicolas Otto and Gottlieb
Daimler
C.Rudolf Diesel
D.Henry Ford
He invented the vulcanized
rubber for tires.
A. Charles Goodyear
B.Daimler
C.John Boyd Dunlop
D.Rudolf Diesel
FUNDAMENTALS OF
TRAFFIC
MANAGEMENT
FUNDAMENTALS OF TRAFFIC
MANAGEMENT
• What is TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT?
• Application of the processes and skills in
planning, organizing, staffing, directing,
coordinating and budgeting to traffic affairs
• Activities undertaken by a highway
transportation agency to improve roadway
system safety, efficiency and effectiveness
for both providers and consumers of
transportation services

MANAGEMENT
• Specific Traffic Problems:
1. Traffic Congestion – condition on
road networks that occurs as use
increases, and is characterized by
slower speeds, longer trip times and
increased vehicular queuing

MANAGEMENT
2. Bottlenecks – are narrow
points or areas in highways where
traffic congestion or traffic jam
usually occur or traffic may be
held up

MANAGEMENT
3. Gridlocks – a condition of severe
traffic congestion arising from
continuous queues of vehicles block
an entire network of intersecting
streets, bringing traffic in all direction
to a complete standstill
MANAGEMENT
4. Accidents – events which
may cause unintentional
damage to property and/or
death

MANAGEMENT
5. Collisions – instances of
one moving traffic unit or
person striking violently
against each other

MANAGEMENT
• Agencies involved in Traffic
Management:
1. DOTr – implements the Land
Transportation Code of the Philippines
(RA 4136)

MANAGEMENT
Management:
2. City or Municipal Engineer’s
Office – planning construction and
maintenance of traffic facilities

MANAGEMENT
Management:
3. DPWH – main executive
department which is responsible for
planning, construction and
maintenance of traffic facilities

MANAGEMENT
Management:
4. Legislative – pass laws concerning
traffic
5. PNP – PNP-HPG is responsible
primarily to direct enforcement of
traffic laws
MANAGEMENT
Management:
6. TMBs – created under the offices of
city/municipal mayors with the primary
task of assisting the local PNP traffic
units in the enforcement of traffic
ordinances or laws

MANAGEMENT
Management:
7. Academic Institutions–
responsible for traffic education
8. Courts – responsible for the
adjudication of traffic-related causes

MANAGEMENT
Management:
9. Public Information Offices –
provides updated information to the
public by creating safety campaigns
10. Tri-Media – provide updated
traffic-related information

MANAGEMENT
Management:
11. Barangay Peace Keeping Action
Team – barangay tanods are the
usual traffic control officers in their
respective localities particularly during
emergencies

PILLARS OF
TRAFFIC
PILLARS OF TRAFFIC
1. Traffic Engineering
2. Traffic Education
3. Traffic Enforcement
4. Traffic Ecology/Environment
5. Traffic Economy

TRAFFIC ENGINEERING
• It is the science of measuring traffic and
travel.
• The study of the basic laws relative to
traffic laws, rules and regulations.
• It is the application of this knowledge to
the professional practice of planning,
deciding, and operating traffic system
to achieve safe and efficient
transportation of persons and goods.

It is considered as the foundation of
traffic because without which the
flow of traffic will be disastrous and
hazardous.
A. Traffic Engineering
B. Traffic Education
C. Traffic Environment
D. Traffic Economy
TRAFFIC ENGINEERING
• Functions of TE
1. fact-finding, surveys and
recommendations of traffic rules and
regulations
2. supervision and maintenance to
the application of traffic control
devices
3. planning of traffic regulations
TRAFFIC ENGINEERING
• Agencies under TE
1. DPWH – scope is national which
includes the responsibility for determining
traffic law, pattern, draw origin and
destinations, planning and construction of:
• National Roads – interconnect cities and
municipalities
• Yearly maintenance and repair programs -
widening

TRAFFIC ENGINEERING
• Agencies under TE
2. Provincial government – municipalities
within the province.
3. Municipal government – network of
streets and roads within the barangay.
4. Chartered cities – barangay within the
cities.

TRAFFIC ENGINEERING
• Methods in achieving the
objectives of TE:
• Factors influencing design
a. Composition of Traffic
b. Volume of Traffic
c. Origin and destination
d. Starting, turning and stopping abilities
of traffic units
e. Performance values of road user

TRAFFIC EDUCATION
• It is the process of giving training and
practice in the actual application of
traffic safety knowledge.
• It is considered as the prime mover in
instilling knowledge on all people
involved in traffic safety management

What pillar of traffic is considered as
the “Light Bringer” in traffic
operations?
A. Traffic Engineering
B. Traffic Education
C. Traffic Ecology
D. Traffic Economy
TRAFFIC EDUCATION
• 3 Levels of Traffic Safety Education
1. Imparting knowledge concerning
traffic safety.
2. Training and practice in the
actual application of traffic safety
knowledge.
3. Developing traffic safety
morality.
TRAFFIC EDUCATION
• 4 Basic Types of Instruction methods used in
Driver Education Program
1. Comprehensive – real life driving
situation
2. Traditional Instruction
3. Commentary Driving Method
4. Simulated Conditions and Off the Road
Training
NOTE: Simulator – static machine with all the
important features of a car used in driving
method or training
TRAFFIC EDUCATION
• Classifications of Films used by
Simulators:
1. Analytical Film – objective
analysis of the driving situation
2. Didactic Film – show good
driving behavior
3. Simulation Film – visual realism
to driving situations
What theory asserts that man
exhibits a constant variation of life,
energy and mood states?
A. Rhythm
B. Biorhythm
C. Emotional Cycle
D. Intellectual Cycle
TRAFFIC EDUCATION
• Theory of Biorhythm:
1. 23 days cycle – cycle of
strength, endurance and
courage
2. 28 days emotional cycle – cycle
of sensitivity, love and intuition
3. 33 days intellectual cycle –
mentally active
This refers to a mass publicity aimed to
make road users to behave more safely.
This focuses on public information
attitudes and particular or specific
behaviors or combination of these.
A. Safety Campaign
B. Education
C. Traffic Education
D. None of the Above
TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT
• This field deals mostly on the
implementation and enforcement
of traffic law, rules and regulations.

TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT
• Agencies under T. Enforcement:
1. LTO – responsible for:
• Vehicle registration
• Vehicle inspection
• Driver’s Licensing

TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT
• Agencies under T. Enforcement:
2. Legislative Bodies – passing and
amending laws
3. Police Traffic Enforcement –
direct enforcement of traffic laws
• PNP
• MMDA
• Police Auxiliaries
TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT
• Traffic Law Enforcement
• Part of enforcement involving the
arrest, issuance of TOP or
Inspection report summons or
warning of violators

TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT
• Functions of Traffic Law
Enforcement
1. Police TLE
2. Court TLE
3. Police-Court TLE Process

TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT
• Major Elements of Traffic
Enforcement System
1. Enforcement System
2. Road User’s System (Traffic Way
Users)
3. Road System (Traffic System)

TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT
• Kinds of Police Traffic
Enforcement Action
1. Traffic Arrest
2. Traffic Citation
3. Traffic Warning

TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT
• Types of Traffic Warning:
1. Visual Warning – minor violation,
indicated by a gesture of the hand or
the head
2. Verbal Warning – tell the driver that
he violated the law and explain the
hazards of such violation
3. Written Warning – verbal warning and
citation ticket
Which of the following is the
basic objective of police traffic
control?
A. prevention of traffic accidents

B. planning for safe roads
C. movement of traffic with safety
D. economized transport of goods and
services
What enforcement action consists of
taking a person into custody for the
purpose of holding or detaining him to
answer a charge of violation before
court?
A.Traffic enforcement
B.Traffic patrol
C.Traffic investigation
D.Traffic arrest
TRAFFIC ECOLOGY OR
ENVIRONMENT
• The study with potentially disastrous
population explosion changes in urban
environment due to scale and density of
new urban concentration and new activities
carried out air pollution, water pollution
and crowding, especially transport
congestion which result therein.

TRAFFIC ECOLOGY OR
ENVIRONMENT
• What are the environmental effects of
the urbanization or transportation?
Noise
A. typical home – 40 to 50 dBA
B. heavy trucks – 90 dBA
C. freight trains – 75 dBA
D. air conditioning – 60 dBA

TRAFFIC ECOLOGY OR
ENVIRONMENT
• What are the environmental effects of
the urbanization or transportation?
Vibration
Air Pollution
Dirt
Relocation
Distraction during planning and construction

TRAFFIC ECOLOGY OR
ENVIRONMENT
• Laws and Statutes concerning Traffic
Ecology
• PD 1181 – providing for the prevention, control
and abatement of Air Pollution from motor
vehicles and for other purposes
• RA 8749 – Clean Air Act of the Philippines

TRAFFIC ECONOMY
• It deals with the benefits and adverse
effects of traffic to our economy.
• It is the most recent of the pillars of
traffic

DRIVER’S
LICENSE
This refers to a document issued to a
qualified driver who possesses the
statutory qualification as provided
therefore. It is also a public document
which has the legal presumption of
genuineness.
A. Permit
B. License
C. Driver’s Permit
D. Driver’s License
DRIVER’S LICENSE
• Types of Licenses:
Student’s permit
Non-professional DL
Professional DL
Military DL
International DL

DRIVER’S LICENSE
• Student’s Permit
16 years old (minimum age)
12 months validity
Birth Certificate (Basic
Document)

DRIVER’S LICENSE
• Non-Professional DL
5 years validity
1 month old Student’s Permit

What dominant color is seen in a
Non-professional driver’s
license?
A. Yellow
B. Red
C. Green
D. Blue
DRIVER’S LICENSE
• Professional DL
5 year validity
5 month old Student’s Permit
or 4 month old non-
professional DL

What dominant color is seen in a
Professional driver’s license?
A. Yellow
B. Red
C. Green
D. Blue

DRIVER’S LICENSE
• Military DL
Enlisted military personnel of
the AFP
“FOR GOVERNMENT
VEHICLES ONLY” – red ink

DRIVER’S LICENSE
• International DL
90 days validity
License from country of origin
Non-professional DL only

DRIVER’S LICENSE
• Driver’s Examination
1. Written Examination
a. Non-Professional License – 40
questions
b. Professional License – 60 questions
Passing Mark:
a. NPL – 30/40
b. PL – 50/60
DRIVER’S LICENSE
• Driver’s Examination
2. Road Test
undertaken under the supervision of a
DRIVING SKILL RATER
the applicant must provide the vehicle
in which the road test will be conducted
ROAD TEST SCORE SHEET (70/100)

It shall mean any motor vehicle with a
trailer having no front axle and so
attached that part of the trailer rests upon
motor vehicle and a substantial part of
the weight of the trailer and of its load is
borne by the motor vehicle.
A. Motor Vehicle
B. Articulated Vehicle
C. Truck
D. None of the above
Motor vehicle registered for more
than nine passengers shall be
classified as –
A. Motor Vehicle
B. Articulated Vehicle
C. Truck
D. None of the above
DRIVER’S LICENSE
• Driver’s Restriction Code
1 - Motorcycles/Motorized Tricycles
2 - Vehicle up to 4500 kgs GVW
3 - Vehicle above 4500 kgs GVW
4 - Automatic clutch up to 4500 kgs GVW
5 - Automatic clutch up above 4500 kgs GVW
6 - Articulated vehicle 1600 kgs GVW and below
7 - Articulated vehicle 1601up to 4500 kgs GVW
8 - Articulated vehicle 4501 kgs and above GVW
DRIVER’S LICENSE
• Driver’s Condition
A – wear eye glasses
B – drive only with special equipment for upper
limbs
C – drive only with special equipment for lower
limbs
D – daylight driving only
E – accompanied by a person with normal hearing

REGISTRATION
OF MV
MV REGISTRATION
• Classification of Registered MVs
1. Private
2. PUV
3. Government
4. Diplomat

MV REGISTRATION
• Protocol License Plates
1 - President
2 - Vice President
3 - Senate President
4 - Speaker of the House of Representatives
5 - Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
6 - Cabinet Secretaries
7 - Senators
8 - Congressmen
MV REGISTRATION
9 - Associate Justices of the Supreme Court
10 - Presiding Justice and other Justices of the Court
of Appeals
11 - Chairman of the Commission on Elections
12 - Cabinet Undersecretary
13 - Solicitor General
14 - Chief of Staff, Armed Forces of the Philippines
and Chief, Philippine National Police
16 - Regional Trial Court Judges
MV REGISTRATION
17 - First Level Courts (Metropolitan Trial Court,
Municipal Trial Court, Municipal Trial Court in
Cities and Shari'ah Circuit courts)
NOTE: added by Memorandum Order No. 297

signed by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

As a general rule, how many
pairs of the protocol plates may
be issued to the officials?
A. 1 pair
B. 2 pairs
C. 3 pairs
D. 4 pairs
How many pairs of the protocol
plates may be issued to Senators
and Congressmen?
A. 1 pair
B. 2 pairs
C. 3 pairs
D. 4 pairs
MV REGISTRATION
Last Digit of Plate Middle Digit Weekly Deadline
Number of Plate (working days of the
Number month only)
1 – Jan 6 – Jun 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 – Feb 7 – Jul 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
3 – Mar 8 – Aug 7 8 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
4 – Apr 9 – Sep 9 0 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
5 – May 0 - Oct 29 30 31

Spencer was issued a license plate
with AYU 301. What month should
Spencer register the motor vehicle?
A. January
B. February
C. September
D. October

It refers to an optional motor vehicle
plate for the purpose of establishing
personalized identity of the motor
vehicle to the registered owner.
A. License Plate
B. Protocol Plate
C. Low numbered Plate
D. Vanity License Plate
MV REGISTRATION
• Categories of Vanity License Plates
1. Limited Edition
2. Select Edition
3. Premium Edition
4. Special Plate

MV REGISTRATION
• Limited Edition
• It consists of four or maximum of six
characters, either all numeric or all
alphas.
• E.g. 999999, XXXXXX
• It can be purchased through public
auction with a floor price of Php 50,
000.00
MV REGISTRATION
• Premium Edition
• It consists of six (6) characters, a
combination of numeric-alpha
(reverse of the current license plate
number).
• E.g. 850 CNR, 777 AVE
• The price is Php 25,000.00

MV REGISTRATION
• Select Edition
It consists of minimum of three
(3) or maximum of six (6)
characters.
E.g. GANDA, JUST 4 U, LUV 8
The price is Php10,000.00

MV REGISTRATION
• Special Plate (OMVSP)
It consists of three alpha
characters and a number
ranging from 1-100
 AAA 01 – P 25,000
 AAA 100 – P 15,000

GENERAL RULE
OF ROAD USE
AND CONDUCT
ROAD USE & CONDUCT
• Restriction as to Speed
Careful and prudent speed, not
greater nor lesser than is
reasonable or proper having
due regard to the surrounding
conditions

ROAD USE & CONDUCT
• Exception to the Speed Limit
1. Physician or his driver – emergency
2. Driver of a hospital ambulance
3. Driver bringing a wounded or sick person
for emergency treatment
4. Driver of a MV belonging to the AFP while
in use for official purposes
5. Driver in pursuit of criminal
6. Law enforcement officer
7. Driver of MV of any fire department
It refers to the proper positioning of
the MV while traversing on a traffic
way of while parked.
A. Right position
B. Left position
C. Lateral Placement
D. Any of the above

All vehicles, whether motorized, animal
drawn or muscle powered, shall use the
____ side of the road when meeting
persons or other vehicles coming from
the same direction.
A. Right
B. Left
C. Middle
D. Any of the above
This principle refers to the legal or
customary precedence (priority in
place and time) which allows one
vehicle to cross or pass in front of
another.
A. Right of Way
B. Left of Way
C. Middle of Way
D. Any of the above
ROAD USE & CONDUCT
• Right of Way Rules (Sec. 42)
1. In case 2 vehicles approaching an
intersection at the same time, the
driver of the vehicle on the left shall
yield the R of W; however, the driver of
any vehicle who travels at an unlawful
speed forfeits this right

Yield the Right
of Way
Given the Right

of Way
1
ROAD USE & CONDUCT
2. In case of a vehicle approaching but
has not yet entered the intersection, its
driver shall yield the R of W to vehicle
already within such intersection or
turning therein to the left across the
line of travel of the first mentioned
vehicle.

2
Yield the Right
of Way
Given the
1
Right of Way
ROAD USE & CONDUCT
3. In case of a vehicle on a highway
within a business or residential district,
its driver shall yield the R of W to
pedestrian crossing the highway within
crosswalk, except at intersection where
traffic is regulated by a peace officer of
a traffic signal. If there is no crosswalk,
pedestrian shall yield the right of way
to vehicles on the highway.
ROAD USE & CONDUCT
4. In case of a vehicle traversing on a
through-highway, its driver should bring
it to a full stop before crossing.
However, if it clear and no hazards
exist, the vehicle may slow down to 5
miles per hour instead of a full stop.

Main Highway
Yield the Right

of Way
Thru-Highway
Given the Right

of Way
1
ROAD USE & CONDUCT
• Exception to Right of Way
Rules (Sec. 43)
• R of W Rules do not apply in the case
of a vehicle entering a private road or
driveway. The right of way is in favor
of all vehicles using the highway

Main Highway
Private Driveway
Yield the Right

Given the Right of Way
1
of Way
ROAD USE & CONDUCT
• Exception to Right of Way
Rules (Sec. 43)
• The driver of a vehicle upon a
highway shall yield the right of way to
police or fire department vehicles
and ambulances when such vehicles
are operated on official business and
the drivers thereof sound audible
signal of their approach.
In making a right turn, the driver
should signal his intention to turn by
turning his signal light or hand signal
at least _______ feet before he
intends to make the turn.
A. 80
B. 90
C. 100
D. 110
ROAD USE & CONDUCT
• 10 Commandments of Traffic
1. KEEP RIGHT
2. OBSERVE ROAD COURTESY – by yielding to
emergency vehicles, pedestrians, trains and vehicles with
right of way
3. VEHICLES SHOULD NOT BE PARKED NEAR
INTERSECTION, CROSSWALK, PEDESTRIAN LANES,
FIRE STATIONS, FIRE HYDRANT AND PRIVATE
DRIVEWAYS
4. IF IN DOUBT, DO NOT OVERTAKE – left
5. THE BUS STOP RULE – buses queue up on single file in
their order of arrival, no waiting longer than 3 minutes
ROAD USE & CONDUCT
• 10 Commandments of Traffic
6. RULES TO PREVENT OR UNTANGLE TRAFFIC
CONGESTION OR TRAFFIC JAM – keep opposing lanes
and intersection open
7. OBSERVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT MEASURE – truck
ban, one way
8. THE PHILOSOPHY OF A PINOY DRIVER – doctrine of
last clear chance, first-come first-served or rotunda rule
9. ON PEDESTRIANS – keep of roadway
10. REMEMBER THE INTERNATIONAL DRIVING SAFETY
REMINDER – safety first

What is the law that prohibits motorists
from using communication devices and
other electronic entertainment and
computing gadgets while vehicles are in
motion or temporarily stopped on a traffic
light or an intersection?
A. RA 10883
B. RA 10586
C. RA 10913
D. RA 10951
TRAFFIC
CONTROL
It refers to the control of vehicles at a
certain point or area by mechanical
means, fixed objects or manpower.
A. Traffic Control
B. Traffic Direction
C. Traffic Congestion
D. Traffic Development

It refers to the act of telling drivers and
pedestrians when, what, how and where
they may or may not move or stand at a
particular place, especially during
emergencies or period of congestion.
A. Traffic Control
B. Traffic Direction
C. Traffic Congestion
D. Traffic Development
What is the objective of
traffic control?
A.To arrest traffic violators

B.To increase safety level
C.To prevent scalawags
D.To solve crimes
TRAFFIC CONTROL
• Procedures, devices, and
communication systems that help
vehicles and vessels safely share the
same roads, rails, waterways, or air
space.

It refers to a device mounted on a
portable support where a message us
conveyed by means of words or symbols,
officially erected or installed for the
purpose of regulating, warning, and
controlling traffic.
A. Traffic Signs
B. Traffic Lights
C. Traffic Islands
D. Pavement Markings and Markers
TRAFFIC CONTROL
• Traffic Signs
Caution/Warning/Danger Signs
Direction/Information/Guide Signs
 Advance Sign
 Direction Sign
 Place Identification Sign
 Confirmatory Sign
Instruction/Regulatory Signs
 Priority Signs
 Prohibitory Signs
 Mandatory Signs
TRAFFIC SIGNS
TYPES USES EXAMPLES
Caution or Signs that requires drivers to

Warning or be more attentive on certain
Danger signs stretch of the roadway.
Information or Signs that drivers may or

Guide or may not use but it will assist
Direction Signs them.
Regulatory or Signs that requires driver to

Instruction or perform or not to perform
Mandatory an act.
Signs

It refers to all lines, patterns, colors, or other
gadgets except signs, set into the surface of
applied or attached to the pavement or curb, or
to objects within or adjacent the roadway,
officially placed for the purpose of regulating,
warning or controlling traffic.
A. Traffic Signs
B. Traffic Lights
C. Traffic Islands

TRAFFIC CONTROL
• Pavement Markings and Markers
 Single White Dotted Line
 Single White Continuous Line
 Double Yellow Line with a dotted white line in between
 Single Yellow Line
 Yellow Continuous Line on Road provided with a
passing lane
 Crosswalk aka Pedestrian Lane
 Directional Arrows

TRAFFIC CONTROL
• Pavement Markings and Markers
Stop Lines
Barrel Lines
Curb Markings
Object Markings
Reflectorized Device
Rumble Strips or Sleeper Lines

TRAFFIC CONTROL
SINGLE WHITE DOTTED LINE

TRAFFIC CONTROL
SINGLE WHITE CONTINUOUS LINE

TRAFFIC CONTROL
DOUBLE YELLOW LINE

TRAFFIC CONTROL
Reflector

It refers to a signal operated
manually, electrically, by which
traffic is commanded to stop and
permitted to proceed.
A. Traffic Signs
B. Traffic Lights
C. Traffic Islands
TRAFFIC CONTROL
• Traffic Lights

These are areas within the roadway
constructed in a manner to establish
physical channels through which
vehicular traffic is guided.
A. Traffic Signs
B. Traffic Lights
C. Traffic Islands
TRAFFIC CONTROL
• Classification of Traffic Islands
Pedestrian Island (P. Barrier)
Traffic Island – middle of the traffic
way constructed to separate MV
Division Island
Channeling Island
Rotary Island
TRAFFIC PATROL
It refers to the observation of road
conditions, the behavior of the drivers
and other users of vehicles for the
purpose of traffic supervision and law
enforcement and providing authorized
traffic-connected services to the public.
A. Traffic Enforcement
B. Traffic Patrol
C. Traffic Investigation
D. Any of the Above
TRAFFIC PATROL
• Types of Traffic Patrol
Line Patrol – moving or stationary
observation
Area Patrol – involves number of
streets, roads or sections of a
highway

TRAFFIC
ACCIDENT
INVESTIGATION
DEFINITION
• Accident – occurrence in a sequence of
events which usually produces unintended
injury, death or property damage
• Traffic Accident – accident involving
travel transportation on a traffic way
• Motor Vehicle – device which is propelled
by means of any power, but not operated
on rails

DEFINITION
• Motor Vehicle Accident – events resulting in
unintended injury or property damage
attributable directly or indirectly to the action of a
motor vehicle or its loads.
• Key Event – an event on the road which
characterizes the manner of occurrence of a
motor vehicle traffic accident
• Debris – scattered broken parts of vehicles,
rubbish, dust and other materials left at the
scene caused by the collision

DEFINITION
• Skid Marks – marks left on the roadway by the
tires which are not free to rotate
• Traffic Unit – any person using a traffic way for
travel, parking or other purposes as a pedestrian
or driver, including any vehicle or animal which
he is using
• Safe Speed – speed adjusted to the potential or
possible hazards of the road and traffic situation
ahead.

KINDS OF TRAFFIC
ACCIDENT
1. Non-Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident – accident
occurring in a traffic way involving persons
using the traffic way or travel or transportation,
but not involving motor vehicle in motion
2. Motor Vehicle Non-Traffic Accident – any MV
accident which occurs entirely in any place
other than a traffic way
3. Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident – motor vehicle
accident occurring on a traffic way
CHAIN OF EVENTS IN
VEHICULAR ACCIDENT
1. Perception of Hazard
2. Start of Evasive Action
3. Initial Contact
4. Maximum Engagement
5. Disengagement
6. Stopping
7. Injury

It is a place and time of which the
hazard could have been perceived by
a normal person. It precedes actual
perception and is the beginning of
perception delay.
A. Point of Possible Perception

B. Point of No Escape
C. Perception Delay
D. Final Position
It is a place and time after or beyond
which the accident cannot be
prevented by the traffic unit under
consideration.

C. Perception Delay
D. Final Position
It is the time of from the point of
possible perception to actual
perception.

C. Perception Delay
D. Final Position
It is the place and time when objects
involved in an accident finally come
to rest without the application of
power.

C. Perception Delay
D. Final Position
HIT AND RUN CASES
• GR: No driver of a MV concerned in a vehicle
accident shall leave the scene of the accident
without aiding the victim
• EXCP:
1. Driver is IMMINENT DANGER of being
seriously harmed by any person by reason of
the accident
2. Driver REPORTS the accident to the nearest
officers of the law
3. Driver has to SUMMON a PHYSICIAN or
NURSE to aid the victim
WHO CONDUCTS THE TRAFFIC
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION?
• The local police traffic investigator shall
investigate all road or traffic accidents.
• However, in case of Major Traffic Accidents,
the local traffic investigator shall immediately
inform the nearest PNP Highway Patrol Group
Office which shall then take the lead in the
investigation under the Special Investigation
Task Group (SITG) which shall be activated to
manage the case.

STEPS TAKEN DURING TRAFFIC
a. Find out as much as possible about the

accident both before going to the scene and
upon arrival.
b. Start keeping an action log.
c. Cordon off the area or extend the existing
cordon if necessary.

d. Take a general photograph of the

accident scene. Film the scene with a video
camera.
e. Pause for thought and start planning.
f. Note down your observations continuously.
It is a good idea to use a tape recorder.

g. Establish the directions in which the
different parties were travelling before the
collision. Take photographs in the relevant
directions at the same height as the parties
were prior to the collision.
h. Draw a sketch. Measure and mark the
places where evidence and reference
samples are collected.

i. Photograph and, if appropriate, video
continuously. Photograph all damage,
injuries and other evidence.
j. Search for and collect trace evidence,
objects, reference samples etc. that may
be relevant to the accident investigation.
k. Write a continuous seizure report.

THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING AND
GOD BLESS 

Traffic Management and Accident Investigation: Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, Rcrim

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TRAFFIC

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

A. French Entiene Lenoir

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

A. prevention of traffic accidents

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim

Stephanie Mae B. Domingo, RCrim