Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
By:
Elin Rachmawati (2017360005)
Gloria Aprilia (2017360006)
Steven Mark Levy (2016360004)
Wahyu Haykal Rahmanda (201736015)
Table of Contents 2
CHAPTER 1: Introduction 3
1.1 Objectives 3
CHAPTER 2: Theoretical Background 4
2.1 CNC Machine 4
2.2 How the CNC Machine Working 4
2.3 CNC Machine Programming 5
2.4 CNC Lathes Machine 6
CHAPTER 3: Technical Description 8
3.1 HAAS TL-1 CNC Lathe Toolroom 2-Axis 8
3.1.1 Specification of HAAS TL-1 CNC Lathe Toolroom 2-Axis 9
3.2 Haas Control 9
3.2.1 Specifications and Features of Haas Control 9
3.3 Solar Thread Pitch Gauge WW-MM 11
3.4 Mitutoyo Vernier Caliper 12
CHAPTER 4: Methodology 13
CHAPTER 5: Results and Analysis 14
5.1 Programming Codes Input 14
5.2 The Specimen Result 15
CHAPTER 6: Conclusion 17
References 18
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Science and technology have grown rapidly. This progress has also penetrated the world
of manufacturing industries. As an example of this progress, many production machines or
machine tools have used high technology such as drilling machines and saw machines. Progress
in the field of technology in data processing and information is very rapid one of which is a
computer. It can be seen from the use of computers into machines - machine tools such as freis
machines, lathes, grinding machines, and other machines. The results of the incorporation of
computer technology and mechanical technology are often referred to as CNC machines
(Computer Numerical Control).
The examples of CNC machines that are now easily found and often used are CNC
lathes and milling machines. CNC lathes and milling machines are machines controlled by a
control system called computerized numerical control (CNC). Lathe machines are used to cut
shaped metal cylindrical. Milling machines are used to cut metal in the form of square prisms.
Workpieces commonly made on CNC lathes are ordinary multilevel shafts and those that have
grooves or threads, for example, the Vespa front axle. Workpieces made in CNC milling
machines are threaded, grooves and multilevel upright prisms. Nowadays, the use of CNC
machines is almost found in all fields. From the fields of education and research that use such
tools, various useful research results are produced which are not widely used in the daily lives
of many people.
1.1 Objectives
In this experiment, there are some objectives that is needed to be achieved:
a. to understand the working principle of CNC lathes machine.
b. to understand the operation of CNC lathes machine.
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CHAPTER 2
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
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CNC machines the role of the operators is minimized. The operator has to merely feed the
program of instructions in the computer, load the required tools in the machine, and rest
of the work is done by the computer automatically. The computer directs the machine tool
to perform various machining operations as per the program of instructions fed by the
operator.
All the CNC machines are designed to meet very close accuracies [2]. These days,
for most of the precision jobs CNC machine is compulsory. When the job is finished, the
operator does not even have to remove it, the machine does that, and it picks up the next
job on its own. This way the machine can keep on doing the fabrication works all the 24
hours of the day without the need of much monitoring, but of course the operator will have
to feed it with the program initially and supply the required raw material.
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movements as determined by the G-code. If the force and speed are minimal, the
process can be run via open-loop control. For everything else, closed-loop control is
necessary to ensure the speed, consistency and accuracy required for industrial
applications, such as metalwork.
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function during the production phase. Based on the manufacturer producing the machine,
CNC lathes are designed in a variety of ways. Most of them have some significant
similarities in their composition. CNC machines are typically completely enclosed for
health and safety reasons of any operators present [4].
Different lathe manufacturers utilize a variety of user interfaces, which can be a
challenge to the operators. But these systems are mostly based on the same principles
across the board since a CNC lathe is programmed to perform similar functions in terms
of what it is intended to manufacture. Like other CNC machines, CNC lathes have become
a major part of the manufacturing industry in recent years. So, it is expected that the
operations of such machines will continue to improve and carry significant weight in this
field.
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CHAPTER 3
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
This chapter will explain the technical description of the machine used during the
process of experiment. The CNC lathes machines which used during the experiment which was
HAAS TL-1 CNC Lathe Toolroom 2-Axis. The CNC lathes machines will be elaborated as
shown below.
Figure 3.1.1 Shows the visual shape of HAAS TL-1 CNC Lathe Toolroom 2-Axis
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3.1.1 Specification of HAAS TL-1 CNC Lathe Toolroom 2-Axis
The HAAS TL-1 CNC Lathe Toolroom 2-Axis machine has several
specification key points. This machine has a maximum capacity of 406 × 762 𝑚𝑚.
It has a maximum x-axis feed distance of 203mm and z-axis feed distance of 762mm.
It also capable of feeding with a feed rate up to 11.4m/min for both x-axis and z-
axis. The thrust force of this machine is capable to reach 17,321N on x-axis and
8,661N on z-axis. This machine is capable to deliver a power up to 7.5kW with
rotational maximum motion speed at 1,800 rpm and maximum torque at 146 Nm
reached at 355rpm. This machine also capable of running a program with a
maximum program memory of 1 MB through an 15’ colour LCD display monitor.
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a. On-Board Memory
The NGC has 1 GB of standard program memory. This means you’ll have
the ability to store many programs in the control, eliminating the need for an
external device for program backup. Large programs for complex molds, for
example, can now be run from memory, doing away with the connectivity issues
often experienced when running from DNC or FNC.
d. Lightweight Design
The simulator’s wedge design is light and portable, making it easy to
transport and move; and the wide base and rubber feet make it very stable on
desks and tabletops. The unit’s flat back also simplifies wall mounting, if desired.
e. Visual Programming
VPS is Haas Automation’s proprietary conversational programming system
that uses simple, step-by-step templates and 3D graphics to help the user quickly
create programs for simple machining operations. No knowledge of G-code or
CAM software is required.
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f. Built-in Connectivity
A built-in USB port allows the use of external USB drives and flash
memory devices for program storage, transfer, and DNC operations. Ethernet and
WiFi connectivity allow easy access to local networks.
Figure 3.3.1 Shows the visual shape of Solar Thread Pitch Gauge WW-MM
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3.4 Mitutoyo Vernier Caliper
Mitutoyo vernier caliper is a vernier caliper produced by Mitutoyo company. It
is a device to scale a length of a certain object, outer diameter and inner diameter of a
circular shaped object. Here provided Figure 3.4.1 below to show the visual shape of
vernier caliper.
This device was used to determine the circular diameter of the specimen used as
reference in this experiment, as well as the length. This device has an accuracy of 0.01 mm
at most, making this device as a very accurate device to be a scale.
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CHAPTER 4
METHODOLOGY
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CHAPTER 5
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
0000 ;
(OD THREAD CYCLE);
( SAFETY LINE BELOW );
G00 G54 G18 G40 G80 G97 G99;
(TOOL = 1 / OFFSET = 2);
(WORK OFFSET = 54);
(SPINDLE RPM = 500);
(THREAD LEAD = 1.5);
(THREAD MAJOR DIAMETER = 18.5);
(THREAD MINOR DIAMETER = 16.625);
(THREAD HEIGHT PER SIDE = 0.9375);
(OPTIMIZED “A” VALUE FOR 60 DEGREE THREADS);
(SEE SETTINGS 95, 96, 99 AND 289 ON THE CONTROL);
T102;
G54;
G97 S500 M03;
G00 Z4.5;
G00 X28.66;
M08;
(**WATCH FOR LIVE CENTER INTERFERENCE**);
(RECOMMENDED Z-AXIS START IS 3 THREADS FROM STRAT POINT);
G00 X28.66 Z4.5 M23;
G67 X16.625 Z-603.3 K0.938 D0.234 F1.5 A59;
G00 Z4.5;
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M09;
G00 G53 X0;
G00 G53 Z0;
M05;
( END OD THREAD CYCLE );
M01;
In that code there are several letters like G, T, M, X, etc. That letter have their own
meaning. G is for regulate the movement which means it will shows the function that must
be done. T is for shows the tool number used. S is for adjusts the rotational speed of the
spindle. M is a modification function. Z is for control the absolute movement in z-axis. X
is for control the absolute movement in x-axis. F is for control the feed rate.
After the code is made, the CNC lathes machine can directly make the specimen
according to the command in the code that has been made. In order to prove that the codes
entered is correct, the “Start” button was pressed and the simulation will run. The
dimension is set in mm.
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Table 5.2.1 Dimension of the Specimen Result
Pitch 1.5 mm
The dimension of the pitch can be measured by using Solar Thread Pitch Gauge
WW-MM, and the other dimension can be measured by using Mitutoyo Vernier Caliper.
The CNC lathes machine has high accuracy compared to manual lathe machines, and can
be used to make large quantities of specimens with the same dimensions.
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CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION
The CNC lathe machine performs better than the manual lathe machine in terms of
accuracy and safety. By having the Computer Numerical Control feature, the machine can do
precision measurement, stable cutting process, and repeatable cutting pattern. This gives
advantage to the user that the machining of the workpiece is improved by quality (accuracy
and precision) an quantity (the repeatable cutting pattern allows the user to do mass
production). In term of safety, CNC lathe machine is safer because it supports full isolation of
workpiece and cutting tool. Therefore, the user is fairly protected from flying scrap and chip,
splashed lubricant, and even the flying cutting tool (when it fails and breaks).
In the end, this experiment was a success. Students were be able to understand the basic
principle on how CNC lathes machine work. Students were also went through good guidance
by the instructor, to operate and input the various codes which represent the program to execute
the machining process for the designed reference specimen. The instructor provided a manual
book to help students to identify the correct input code for the commands used in the program.
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References
[1] ASTRO Machine Works Inc. “WHAT IS CNC MACHINING? AN OVERVIEW OF THE
CNC MACHINING PROCESS”. [Online]. Available: astromachineworks.com. [Accessed:
May 12, 2019].
[2] Bright Hub Engineering. “What are CNC Machines? How CNC Machine Works?”. [Online].
Available: www.brighthubengineering.com. [Accessed: May 12, 2019].
[4] CNC.com. “What is a CNC Lathe and How Does it Work?”. [Online]. Available:
http://www.cnc.com. [Accessed: May 12, 2019].
[5] Haas F1” Team. “The Haas Control”. [Online]. Available: www.haascnc.com. [Accessed:
May 14, 2019].
[6] Haas F1” Team. “Control Simulator”. [Online]. Available: www.haascnc.com. [Accessed:
May 14, 2019].
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