CCI clotting factors and fibrinogen which are

lost in clot formation

1. Venipuncture – the collection of blood
12. Protein – a molecule composed of one
from a vein usually done for lab testing
or more chains of amino acids. Needed
2. Accuracy – agreement between test
for the function of cells, tissues, and
result value and true value
organs. Essential for muscles, skin, and
3. Anticoagulant – substance that stops
bones
the blood from clotting
13. Quality Control – process of detecting
4. Cholesterol – generally viewed as
errors in any manufacturing or
harmful to the heart, but is a very
operational system. In diagnostic
important part of our diet. Needed for
testing, it refers to the accuracy and
the formation of bile acids, vitamin D,
reliability of diagnostic result generated.
progesterone, etc
14. Reference Method – generally
5. Clinical Chemistry – this field deals
considered the most accurate for the
with analyzing blood, urine, and other
determination of a specific analyte and
bodily fluids. The results from these
are traceable to international standards,
analyses are used as a basis for patient
enabling inter-laboratory
diagnosis
standardization.
6. Diabetes mellitus – a metabolic
15. Non-Protein Nitrogenous Compounds
condition characterized by high blood
(NPNs) – all nitrogenous substances
sugar levels which results in defects in
aside from proteins. Includes urea, uric
insulin production
acid, creatinine, and ammonia. Used to
7. Glucose / dextrose – the main sugar
assess kidneys.
produced by the body and is the primary
16. Triglyceride – comprised of 95% of fat
source of energy. Made from fats,
in tissues. May be utilized by body as
proteins, and carbohydrates and is
source of energy
transported via bloodstream to
17. Spectrophotometer – an instrument
individual cells
that measures light in a narrow
8. Metabolism – general term to describe
wavelength. The most commonly used
the body’s chemistry. Specifically, the
instrument in clinical chemistry
body’s ability to turn food into energy
18. Vacutainer (Blood Collection Tubes) -
9. Myocardial infarction (MI) – a heart
with vacuum inside that permits drawing
attack. This occurs when a coronary
of predetermined blood volume
artery is suddenly blocked by a blood
19. Albumin – a plasma protein which is
clot, which causes the death of the heart
considered as the most predominant in
muscle. It deprives the heart of blood
the blood
and oxygen, and chest pains
20. Analyte – chemical constituent
10. Normal range – refers to the results
measured in the body using assays
expected from a healthy individual.
Important to note that results may vary CCII
with age, gender, and geographical
21. Acidosis – blood pH is lower than 7.35
location
22. Alkalosis – blood pH is higher than 7.45
11. Plasma – the clear amber liquid derived
23. Anions – electrolytes with negative
from whole blood that has been
charge
collected in the presence of an
24. Bilirubin – a yellow pigment derived
anticoagulant to prevent clot formation.
from heme degradation of the red blood
Differs from serum in that it contains all
cells
25. Cations – electrolytes with positive
charge.
26. Chloride – major extracellular anion
which maintains osmolality, blood
volume, hydration, and electroneutrality.
27. Cirrhosis – destruction and scarring of
the liver.
28. Electrolytes – ions capable of carrying
electric charge.
29. Enzymes – biological catalysts which
hasten biochemical reactions without
altering the equilibrium.
30. Jaundice – yellowish discoloration of
the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes
due to accumulation of bilirubin in the
circulation.
31. Kidney – associated with excretion,
RBC production, maintaining acid base
balance, and reabsorption of substances
in the body.
32. Hepatitis – inflammation of the liver.
33. Hemolysis – shortened RBC survival
34. Lipemia – presence of abundant fats in
the liquid portion of the blood.
35. Liver – associated with
excretion/secretion, synthesis,
detoxification, and storage of substances
in the body.
36. Sodium – major extracellular cation and
maintains the normal distribution of
water and osmotic pressure.
37. Substrate – a material upon which an
enzyme binds/acts upon in lab tests
38. Trace metals – nutrients required by the
body in small amounts
39. Urobilin – a heme derivative from the
RBC that gives brown color to
stool/feces
40. Vitamins – organic molecules required
by body in small amounts for
metabolism
CCIII
41. Cannabinoids – group of psychoactive
compounds found in marijuana
42. Cocaine – an alkaloid salt that
stimulates CNS which elicits a sense of
excitement and euphoria.
43. Cyanide – a toxic substance which is a
major component of insecticides and
rodenticides.
44. Ethanol – consumable form of alcohol
45. Goiter – enlarged thyroid gland often
associated with hypothyroidism.
46. HCG (Human Chorionic
Gonadotropin) – a hormone normally
produced during pregnancy but can be a
marker of choriocarcinoma or germ cell
tumor of the ovary / testis.
47. Methylenedioxymethylamphetamine –
illicit amphetamine derivative, or
“ecstasy”.
48. PSA (Prostate specific antigen) –
glycoprotein produced by the epithelial
cells of the prostatic ducts which is used
for screening for prostate cancer
49. TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone) –
hormone released by anterior pituitary
gland that stimulates increased
production of thyroid hormones
50. Tumor markers – biological markers
produced by the effect of the tumor or
the tumor itself