KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

1. Survey Research. It uses interviews, questionnaires, and sampling polls to get a

sense of behavior with intense precision. It allows researchers to judge behavior
and then present the findings in an accurate way. This is usually expressed in a
frequently or a percentage. Survey research can be conducted around one group
specifically or used to compare several groups. When conducting survey research
it is important that the people questioned are sampled at random. This allows for
more accurate findings across a greater spectrum of respondents.

Examples:
 Stress and Coping Strategies of Junior High School Teaches in
Buhaynasapa National High School
 Consumer Behavior on the Purchase of Staple Products in San
Juan, Batangas
 Sociological Problems Encountered by OFW Families Left Behind
 Problems Encountered by Nuclear and Extended Families in
Buhaynasapa, San Juan, Batangas

2. Correlational Research. It tests for the association between two variables.

Performing correlational research is done to establish what the effect of one on the
other might be and how that affects the relationship. Correlational research is
constructed in order to explain a noticed occurrence. In correlational research the
survey is conducted on a minimum of two groups. In most correlational research
there is a level of manipulation involved with the specific variables being
researched. Once the information is compiled it is then analyzed statistically to
draw conclusions about the effect that one has on the other.

Examples:
 The Role of Personality Factors on Stress Experienced by Teachers
of Senior High School Department of Buhaynasapa National High
School
 Total Quality Management and Teacher Empowerment in
Buhaynasapa National High School

3. Descriptive Research. This type of research aims at defining or giving verbal

portrayal or picture of a person, thing, event, group, situation, etc. This is liable to
repeated research because its topics relates itself only to a certain period or a
limited number of years.

Examples:
 Implementation of Anti-bullying Campaigns in Secondary Schools
of San Juan District, Division of Batangas
 Use of Differentiated Instruction in Teaching Araling Panlipunan 10
in Secondary Schools of San Juan District, Division of Batangas
4. Assessment or Evaluation Studies. Assessment or evaluation studies are those
that refer to be the efficiency or effectiveness of policies, instruments, or the
variables that may be considered.
Examples:
 The Implementation of Child Protection Policy in Secondary
Schools of San Juan District: An Assessment
 The Performance of Grade 11 Students of Buhaynasapa National
High School in General Biology Using the Inquiry-based Approach
 Analysis on the Role of Reading and Writing as Prerequisite Course
for Practical Research 1

5. Causal-comparative Research. It looks to uncover a cause and effect

relationship. This research is not conducted between the two groups. Rather than
look solely for a statistical relationship between the two variables it tries to identify,
specifically, how the different groups are affected by the same circumstance.
Causal-comparative research involves ‘comparison’. In causal-comparative
research, the study of two or more groups is done without focusing on their
relationship. As always, the use of statistical analysis is engaged to synthesize the
data in a clear method for presentation.
Examples:
 Sex Differences in Mathematics Scores among Grade 10 Students
of Buhaynasapa National High School
 The Effect of Peer Groups on the Communication Competence of
Grade 11 Students in Buhaynasapa National High School

6. Experimental Research. Though questions may be posed in the other forms of

research, experimental research is guided specifically by a hypothesis. Sometimes
experimental research can have several hypotheses. A hypothesis is a statement
to be proven or disproved. Once that statement is made experiments will be
conducted to find out whether the statement is true or not. This type of research is
the bedrock of most sciences, in particular the natural sciences.
Examples:
 Determining the Effects of the Three Kinds of Chemicals A, B, and
C on the Strength of Three Same Type of Ropes
 Effects of Three Kinds of Disinfectant A, B, C on Staphylococcus

7. Follow-up Studies (Tracer Studies). This is used when one wants to follow up
the development of certain conditions or particular sets of people. A follow-up study
is sometimes referred to the “tracer studies” and is usually employed when one
wants to determine where the graduates or the alumni of certain schools have
gone and get current information about them.
Example:
 A Tracer Study on the Graduates of Buhaynasapa National High
School from 1990 - 2005
 8. Trends and Projection Studies. Trends and projection studies are popular for
projects that are forward-looking. One kind of these trend studies is the feasibility
study, which data and conditions existing in the present, and the success of the
future is projected.
Example:
 Enrollment Trends in Buhaynasapa National High School from 2007
to 2017, and Ten Years Hence

9. Documentary Analysis. Documentary analysis involves the gathering of

information by analyzing written records and documents to solve a problem. In
quantitative research, it primarily involves secondary data analysis.
Examples:
 Analysis of the English Grades of Students with Solo Parents and
with Overseas Parents of Buhaynasapa National High School
 Differential Effects of Age and Sex on Advance Statistics Grades of
Students in Buhaynasapa National High School

10. Participatory Research. Participatory research is used on a massive scale and

concerns large population. The method has three characteristics (Sevilla, et al.,
1988):
a. There must be sufficient time allowed for the research process to deal with
the complexity of the problem.
b. It calls for a method which allows for reflection done jointly by the
researchers and members of a community where the research is done.
c. It requires that the research process must be a permanent sequence of
statement, action, reflection, and analysis.
Examples:
 The Management Practices of Lambanog Retailers in San Juan,
Batangas
 Problems of Fisherfolks in San Juan, Batangas: The Case of Laiya,
Ticalan, Putingbuhangin, and Bataan

REFERENCES:
Adanza, Estela G., et al., (2009). Methods of Research: A Primer, First Edition. Nicanor
Reyers, Sr. St., Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Book Store Inc, Rex Printing Company,
Inc.
Apolonio, Joshua A., et al., (2017). Practical Research 2. Intramuros, Manila: Unlimited
Books Library Services & Publishing Inc.

Prepared by:
JHIMSON V. CABRAL, LPT, MAED
Quantitative Research Teacher