DEFINITION

“Research is, simply, the systematic search for the pertinent information on a specific topic or
problem. After a careful, systematic search for pertinent information or data on a specific topic or problem,
and after the research worker has analyzed and interpreted the data, he eventually faces another
essential task – that of preparing the research report” - AQUINO
“process of gathering data or information to solve a particular or specific problem in a scientific
manner” - MANUEL AND MEDEL
“Research in its broadest sense is an attempt to gain solutions to problems. More precisely, it is the
collection of data in a rigorously controlled situation for the purpose of prediction or explanation” TREECE
“Scientific process of critical selection of data, investigation and analysis of such to gain new
knowledge or to complement an existing one.” MARTINEZ
RE-SEARCH to research again, to take another more careful look, to find out more
RESEARCH
Formulated in a more comprehensive form, research may be defined as a purposive, systematic
and scientific and scientific process of gathering, analyzing, classifying, organizing, presenting, and
interpreting data for the solution of the problem, for prediction, for invention, for the discovery of truth, or
for the expansion or verification of existing knowledge all for the preservation of and improvement of the
quality of the human life.
PURPOSES OF RESEARCH
The preservation and improvement of the quality of the human life.
“The purpose of research is to serve man” and “The goal of research is the good life”
1. To discover new facts about known phenomena
2. To find answers to problems which are only partially solved by existing methods and information
3. Improve existing techniques and develop new instruments or products
4. To discover previously unrecognized substances or elements.
5. Discover pathways of action of known substances and elements.
6. To order related, valid generalizations into systematized science.
7. To provide basis for decision making in business, industry, education, government and in other
undertakings
8. To satisfy the researcher’s curiosity.
9. To find answers to queries by means of scientific methods
10. To acquire a better and deeper understanding about one phenomenon hat can be known and
understood better by research
11. To expand or verify existing knowledge
12. To improve educational practices for raising the quality of school products.
13. To promote health and prolong life.
14. To provide man with more of his basic needs-more and better food, clothing, shelter, etc.,
15. To make work, travel, and communication faster, easier and more comfortable.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD RESEARCH
1. Research is systematic
2. Research is controlled
3. Research is empirical
4. Research is analytical
5. Research is objective, unbiased and logical.
6. Research employs hypothesis
7. Research employs quantitative or statistical methods
8. Research is original work
9. Research is done by an expert
10. Research is accurate investigation, observation and description.
11. Research is patient and unhurried activity
12. Research requires an effort-making capacity
13. Research requires courage

KINDS AND CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH

1. According to purpose
a. Predictive or prognostic research – determine the future operation of the variables under
investigation with the aim of controlling or redirecting such for the better.
b. Directive Research –what should be done based on the findings
c.Illuminative- concerned with the interaction of the components of the variable being investigated
2. According to goal
a. Basic or pure research- is done for the development of theories or principles. (sociology and
psychology)
b. Applied research – the application of the results of pure research. This is testing the efficacy of
theories and principles.
3. According to the levels of investigation
a. Exploratory research – the variables pertinent to a specific situation
b. Descriptive research – the researcher studies the relationships of the variables.
c.Experimental research – the experimenter studies the effects of the variables on each other.
4. According to the type of analysis
a. Analytic approach – the researcher attempts to identify and isolate the components of the
research situation.
b. Holistic approach – begins with the total situation, focusing attention on the system first and
then on its internal relationships.
5. According to scope
a. Action research – done on a very limited scope to solve a particular problem which is not so
big. (problem solving)
6. According to choice of answers to problems
a. Evaluation Research- possible courses of action are specified and identified and the researcher
tries to find the most advantageous.
b. Developmental Research- the focus is on finding or developing a more suitable instrument or
process
7. According to statistical content
a. Quantitative or Statistical Research is one in which inferential statistics are utilized to determine
the results of the study.
b. Non-quantitative Research the use of statistics is practically nil.
8. According to time element
a. Historical Research- describes what was.
b. Descriptive Research- describes what is.
c.Experimental Research- describes what will be.

THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD OF RESEARCH

Problem/ Objectives
Formulate Hypothesis
Research Design
Developing Instrument for collecting Data
Data Collection
Processing and Analyzing the Data
Interpretation and Discussion of Data
Conclusions and Recommendations/Implications