List of definitions (LU1-LU4) -Az
� − � = �� − ��
Natural number - Used for counting things or objects
Whole number -Natural numbers together with 0
Integer - The negative of natural numbers together with 0 and the natural
numbers
Rational number - any numbers that can be written in the form of � �
where p and q are integers with � ≠ 0
Irrational number - numbers that cannot be written as fractions, and their
decimal representations neither repeating nor terminating
Prime number - A whole number that is only divisible by itself or 1
Odd number - numbers of the form of 2� + 1 where � ∈ �
Even number - numbers of the form of 2� where � ∈ �
Real number line - Real numbers can be represented geometrically by
points on a straight line
Closure property: For real numbers a and b, � ∗ � = �, where � ∈ � (∗
denotes any of the four operations)
Commutative property: For real numbers a and b, � + � = � + � and � =
��
Associative property: For real numbers a, b, and c, � + � + � = � + � + �
and × � × � = � × � × �
Distributive property: For real numbers a and b, � � + � = �� + �� and �
Identity property: For real numbers 0 and 1, � + � = � + � = � and × � =
� × � = �where a is a real number
Inverse property: For real number a, � + −� = −� + � = � and � × � � = �
� × � = � where � ≠ �
Interval notation - Written at the beginning and ending number of the
interval
Union - The union of two sets A and B denoted by � ∪ � , is the set of all
elements which belong to A or to B
Intersection - The intersection of two sets A and B denoted by � ∩ �, is
the set of elements which belong to both A and B
Imaginary number - the form ai where a is a real number
Complex number - Numbers of the form � + 𝑏�, where � and 𝑏 are real
numbers and � = −1
Conjugate number - The complex number � + 𝑏� and � – 𝑏�
Surds - A surd is an irrational number of the form � �, where � is a
positive integer and � is a real number which is not a perfect square
Logarithm of 𝑀 to the base 𝒆 is called the natural logarithm and is
written as log𝑒 𝑀 or ln𝑀 (pronounced as ‘lon 𝑀’)
Logarithm of 𝑀 to the base �� is called the common logarithm and is
written as lg𝑀 (also as log𝑀 or log10 𝑀)
Equality - relationship asserting two quantities having the same value
or represent the same mathematical object
Equation - statement of equality involving one or more variables
Quadratic equation - equation in the form of
�𝑥^2+𝑏𝑥+𝑐=0
Zero product property - The product of two algebraic expressions
is equal to zero if and only if at least one of the expressions
is equal to zero
Monic quadratic equation - a quadratic equation where �=1
Inequality - a relationship of two quantities or expression having
different values
Linear inequality - a univariate inequality that can be written in one of
the following form: �𝑥+𝑏>0, �𝑥+𝑏<0, �𝑥+𝑏≥0, �𝑥+𝑏≤0
Zeros of expression - the numbers at which the expression equals to
zero
Quadratic inequality - a univariate inequality
“Logical or” is used to combine two statements. “�∨�” means “� or �”
“Set union” is used to combine two sets. “�∪�” means “union of �
and �”
Rational inequality - inequalities in the form of: 𝑃(𝑥)/𝑄(𝑥) >0,
𝑃(𝑥)/𝑄(𝑥) <0, 𝑃(𝑥)/𝑄(𝑥) ≥0, 𝑃(𝑥)/𝑄(𝑥) ≤0
Rational function is undefined when the denominator (𝑥) is equal to
zero
Absolute value - the distance of the number from zero/|�|=√(�^2 )
Polynomial - sum of several terms that contain different power of the
same variable
Factor - what you can multiply together to get an expression
Zeroes of an expression - the numbers at which the expression equals
to zero
The remainder theorem - When a polynomial 𝑃(𝑥) is divided by 𝑥 −�,
the remainder is 𝑃(�)
The factor of theorem - For a polynomial 𝑃(𝑥), 𝑥 −� is a factor of 𝑃(𝑥)
if and only if 𝑃 � = 0
Zeros of polynomial - 𝑥 −� is a factor of polynomial 𝑃(𝑥) if and only
if � is a zero of 𝑃 𝑥 or a root of equation 𝑃 𝑥 = 0
Partial fraction - The reverse process, that is to express an algebraic
fraction as the sum of two (or more) simple fractions
Proper fraction - when the degree of the numerator is less than the
degree of the denominator
Improper fraction - when the degree of the numerator is equal to or
greater than the degree of the denominator
Sequence/progression - an ordered set of numbers which can be
generated from a rule
Series - sum of all the terms of a sequence

Arithemetic sequence - has first term, a, and common difference, d

Arithmetic series - the sum of the terms of an arithmetic sequence

Geometric sequence - has first term, a, and common ratio, r

Geometric series - the sum of the terms of a geometric sequence

Binomial expression - An expression such as (a + x) which consists of

two terms

Binomial function - (a + x)n