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    Aesthetic and Functional Labiaplasty
    Aesthetic and Functional Labiaplasty
    Aesthetic and Functional Labiaplasty
    Ebook203 pages1 hour

    Aesthetic and Functional Labiaplasty

    By Stefan Gress

    ()

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    About this ebook

    This book provides surgeons with insights into performing  aesthetic labiaplasty. After a short introduction on the anatomy  and function of the external female genitals, surgical techniques  used for reducing the labia minora as well as procedures to  reshape the labia majora are described in detail.  With the help of  high quality pictures and illustrations, readers gain information  not only on the surgical procedures themselves, but also on  aftercare, risks, complications and the information patients  should receive before surgery.  The demand for surgery to enhance the appearance and function  of the external female genital area is increasing throughout the  western world. However, to date no guidelines or standards have  been published in a concise book format. Furthermore, this  procedure is not yet included in any trainee program for specialist  surgeons. As a consequence, a growing number of cases are  unsuccessful, with unpleasing aesthetic and functional results.  This book is a valuable source of information for plastic surgeons  and also gynecologists who are interested in learning from one of  the experts in this field.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherSpringer
    Release dateDec 21, 2017
    ISBN9783319602226
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      Book preview

      Aesthetic and Functional Labiaplasty - Stefan Gress

      Stefan Gress

      Aesthetic and Functional Labiaplasty

      ../images/385350_1_En_BookFrontmatter_Figa_HTML.png

      Stefan Gress

      Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich, Germany

      Lucian-Blaga University Sibiu (ULBS), Sibiu, Romania

      ISBN 978-3-319-60221-9e-ISBN 978-3-319-60222-6

      https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60222-6

      Library of Congress Control Number: 2017954306

      © Springer International Publishing AG 2017

      This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.

      The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

      The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

      Printed on acid-free paper

      This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature

      The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG

      The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

      ../images/385350_1_En_BookFrontmatter_Figb_HTML.jpg

      For my happiest time I shared with Janette

      Foreword

      It may seem a little strange that I, a gynaecologist, am writing a foreword to commend a book by a plastic surgeon. But I feel the need to comment on this key contribution from someone with such in-depth knowledge of the anatomy of the female external genitalia and the surgery of associated deformities.

      Not infrequently, unusually large labia minora are bothersome in today’s popular sporting activities such as cycling, horse riding, ballet, and other activities where women wear tight-fitting workout clothes and sports gear.

      As intimate shaving has become an integral part of personal hygiene, more focus is being placed on the vulva as a feature of a woman’s external appearance. For this reason, women who are not happy with this aspect of their appearance often avoid visiting public saunas, for example.

      The changes in sexual behaviour in our time—when the sexual experience itself is more important than aspects of reproduction—mean that the vulva is now perceived as part of the body image much more than even a few years ago. Some women obviously find that enlarged labia minora do not fit their ideal body image and sometimes regard them as physical deformities.

      In routine practice, gynaecologists are increasingly being confronted with this problem, which affects quite a large number of women. With a lack of standardised surgical procedures to treat functional and aesthetic aspects of vulval anatomy, however, affected women find that their complaints are trivialised, not taken seriously, or, in the worst case, ignored completely.

      Vulval anatomy shows great variability, both congenital and acquired from injuries sustained during childbirth. In particular, asymmetrical or greatly enlarged labia minora can distort the body image so permanently that the woman’s sex life can be seriously affected. Doctors who empathise with their patients will surely understand their desire for correction.

      Professor Gress has studied the anatomy of the female external genitalia in great depth. This book is the result of his intensive involvement with possible surgical corrections, taking both aesthetic and functional aspects into consideration. A surgical technique that spares the erogenous zones of the vulva is essential for a good aesthetic and functional outcome. His excellent results are so far removed from the labiaplasties which are unfortunately all too often substandard and which should better be left untreated. In the interests of all those women who are affected and are indeed suffering, I hope therefore that this welcome monograph will be widely distributed amongst plastic surgeons and concerned gynaecologists.

      Werner Albrich

      Munich, Germany

      November 2016

      Preface

      Under the heading of Intimate Surgery, procedures to reshape the female external genitalia and improve both appearance and function have greatly increased in popularity in the Western world.

      My specialist training as a plastic surgeon started in 1994 in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the Klinikum rechts der Isar university hospital in Munich, under the aegis of Prof. Biemer and Dr. Schaff. During that time, the surgical team was performing complex genital procedures on both men and women in routine practice, especially sex reassignment surgery in transsexualism.

      On one occasion, a woman suffering from very long and, in her own words, repulsive inner vaginal lips presented to our outpatient clinic. She told us that she had never let her husband see her naked in all their years of marriage, which had put a considerable strain on their sex life and their relationship. At that time, we performed a wedge resection using the technique published by Dr. Gary Alter, working in Los Angeles.

      After more and more women came to consult me following another case reported on television later on, by which time I had set up my own practice in Munich, I began to think about this technique with respect to my patients’ expectations on the aesthetic results. In particular, these women wanted their inner labia to be completely covered by the outer labia. But this simply wasn’t possible with the wedge resection method. So I developed my own technique, which differed from the previously published methods in that not only did it reduce the labia minora below the clitoris but it also reshaped labial tissue in the region of the clitoral hood and the part above. In addition, any protrusion of the clitoris could be corrected.

      Over the years, I have modified and refined this technique, to meet the growing aesthetic demands of the ever-increasing number of women requesting surgery.

      At the start of my career in female genital cosmetic surgery, almost all of the requests were for labia minora reductions, but, possibly due to media coverage of the emerging medical possibilities, the range of requests has since widened to cover the whole spectrum of intimate surgery.

      Other procedures include remodelling the labia majora by tightening up lax skin or by volume augmentation, sculpturing the mons pubis, hymen reconstruction surgery, and operations to restore or improve the response to sexual stimulation, e.g. G-spot amplification, vaginal reshaping, and tightening of the pelvic floor, especially after childbirth.

      This book, however, is intended to address only improvements in the shape and function of the external genitalia.

      I have placed the greatest emphasis on techniques for reducing the labia minora, as these operations account for well over 60% of all intimate surgery.

      As the number of aesthetically unacceptable results due to inadequate surgery is unfortunately also on the increase, especially with reduction labiaplasties, I have included a chapter dedicated to the possibilities of labia minora

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