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Mathematics and Statistics 1 University of Melbourne Mathematics and Statistics 2 University of Melbourne
MAST10008 Accelerated Mathematics 1 Version 2 MAST10008 Accelerated Mathematics 1 Version 2
n
X 1 3 1 As 2, k ∈ Z, 8k − 2∈ Z so 8n+2 − 3 · 8n+1 + 2 is divisible by 7.
(b) Let P (n) be the statement: 2
≥ − .
k=1
k 2 n + 1 Hence P (n) =⇒ P (n + 1).
For n = 1 the statement P (n) becomes 1 ≥ 3
− 1
= 1, so P (1) is true. Thus, by the principle of mathematical induction, P (n) is true for all n ∈ N.
2 2
Assume P (n) is true for some n ∈ N. Then
Q4. Hint: First show that any number of the form 4n + 3 has at least one prime factor of the form
n 4k + 3.
X 1 3 1
2
≥ −
k=1
k 2 n + 1
1
Adding to both sides gives:
(n + 1)2
n+1
X 1 3 1 1
LHS of P (n + 1) = 2
≥ − + by induction hypothesis
k=1
k 2 n + 1 (n + 1)2
3 n
= −
2 (n + 1)2
3 n
= − 2
2 n + 2n + 1
3 n
≥ − 2
2 n + 2n
3 1
= − = RHS of P (n + 1)
2 n+2
Then
Mathematics and Statistics 3 University of Melbourne Mathematics and Statistics 4 University of Melbourne