2011 Physics Trial Exam 2 Solutions ∆φ

Q7 ξ av = n = 5 × 0.15 = 0.75 V
© Copyright 2011 itute.com ∆t

Area of study 1 − Electric power Q8 force out of the page

Q1 Magnetic flux increases as the bar magnet enters the gap. It
remains constant while the magnet moves across the gap. It zero force zero force
decreases as the magnet leaves the gap. .: A axle

∆φ
Q2 ξ = − .: B force into the page
∆t

Q3 Original speed: V Rotate anticlockwise about the axle (view from the right side).

Q9 F = nBIL
t 0.0025 = 20 × B × 0.25 × 0.010 , B = 0.050 tesla

Q10 A
Twice the original speed: V
Q11 When the switch changes from off to on, the downward
magnetic flux through the secondary coil increases and a current
is induced in the coil. According to Lenz's law, the induced
t current flows in the direction such that its magnetic field
opposes the original increase in magnetic flux, i.e. from Y to X
through the resistor. .: the potential at X is lower than 0
(negative).
When the switch changes from on to off, the downward
magnetic flux through the secondary coil decreases and induces
Q4 Work and thus a force is required to induce emf. .: B a current (in the coil) whose magnetic field opposes the original
decrease in magnetic flux, i.e. from X to Y through the resistor.
.: the potential at X is positive.
Q5
P 20
Q12 I = = ≈ 0.0833 A, Vdrop = IR = 0.0833 × 1.5 ≈ 0.13 V
V 240
The voltage drop is too small to affect the florescent light.

V 2 240 2
Q13 Rheater = = = 23.04 Ω,
P 2500
1 1 V 240
Q6 T = = = 0 .5 s I= = ≈ 9.78 A
f 2 Rtotal 1.5 + 23.04
Vheater = IRheater ≈ 9.78 × 23.04 ≈ 225 V rms

Q14 Ploss = I 2 R ≈ 9.78 2 × 1.5 ≈ 143 W

Psup ply = VI = 240 × 9.78 ≈ 2347 W
143
Percentage loss = × 100% ≈ 6%
2347

1
Q15 Require power loss to be 1% ( ) of the original value.
100
Io
Since Ploss ∝ I 2 , .: I = where I o is the original current.
10
Ns I p Io
.: = = I = 10
N p Is o
10

2011 Physics Trial Exam 2 Solutions © Copyright 2011 itute.com

 Vs N
Q16 = s = 10 , Vs = 10 × V p = 10 × 240 = 2400 V rms
Vp N p

Q17 V peak − peak = 2400 × 2 2 ≈ 6800 V

Area of study 2 − Interactions of light and matter

Detailed study 3 − Sound
Q1 D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
C D C A C B B C C B B A
Q2 B, D
v 336
Q1 Sound wave in the air: λ = = = 2.0 m
Q3 The number of photons in the beam is constant for a f 168
particular light intensity. Thus the number of electrons emitted is Vibration of the rod: λ = 4 × 0.50 = 2.0 m C
also constant. At certain accelerating voltage or higher, the same
number of photoelectrons move across the photocell. Hence the Q2 Third harmonic: f = 3 × 168 = 504 Hz D
photocell current is constant.

Q4 Electrons in a metal require different amount of energy to 1 1

Q3 f = = = 250 Hz C
get out of the metal. .: they escape with a range of kinetic T 4.0 × 10 −3
energy. Higher retarding voltage will stop electrons with higher
kinetic energy moving across the photocell. Hence the photocell Q4 λ = vT = 336 × 4.0 × 10 −3 = 1.344 m A
current decreases with increasing retarding voltage.
6.72
( )
Q5 Max. E k = qVo = 1.6 × 10 −19 (0.75) = 1.2 × 10 −19 J Q5 Number of wavelengths =
1.344
=5 C

( )
Q6 Max. E k = hf − w , 0.75 = 4.14 × 10 −15 f − 2.28
14
f ≈ 7.3 × 10 Hz
Q6 E = IA∆t = 0.050 × 1.5 × 15 = 1.125 J B
Q7 Electrons, like light, have a wave nature. C
2
1 If r
Q8 Less diffraction results in a higher image resolution. C Q7 I ∝ 2
, .: = i2 ,
r Ii rf
2
Q9 Excitation of an atomic electron to a higher energy state in r  2

the atom can occur when a photon (light) interacts with an atom If = i  I i =  12  × 0.050 = 0.1125 W m-2 B
 rf  8
and the photon energy is not sufficient to knock the electron out  
altogether as in the photoelectric effect. In this process the
photon also disappears (is absorbed), and all its energy is given Q8 When the distance is halved, I = 4 × 0.050 = 0.20 W m-2
to the atom, as oppose to a photon in the Compton effect 0.20
transferring some momentum and energy to an atom. L = 10 × log10 −12 ≈ 113 dB C
10
1 1 v 1 336
Q10 13.6 eV Q9 PS 2 − PS1 = λ = × = × = 0.168 m C
2 2 f 2 1000
Q11 Photon energy = 13.6 − 0.85 = 12.75 eV
Q10 B
λ=
hc
=
( )(
4.14 × 10 −15 3.0 × 10 8 )
= 9.74 × 10 −8 m = 97.4 nm
E 12.75 Q11 B

E 12.75 × 1.60 × 10 −19
Q12 p = = = 6.8 × 10 − 27 kg ms-1
c 3.0 × 10 8
Q13 According to de Broglie, a particle of mass m moving with
h diameter loudspeakers will provide the same spread (diffraction)
speed v would have a wavelength of λ = . Each electron
mv
orbit in an atom is actually a circular standing wave and .: must
consist a whole number of wavelengths. This explains the
discrete energy levels in Bohr's model of a hydrogen atom.
Q12 High frequency (short wavelength λ ) sound is more
λ
directional because diffraction is proportional to the ratio
w
where w is the diameter of the loudspeaker. Using different-
of sound waves of different frequency ranges. A
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