Hot Wire Alternating Current

Instruments

Lecture - 5
Jayant Nagda
Physics Educator
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B.Tech, IIT Bombay

IIT-JEE AIR - 161

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AC Generator
DC Generator

Split cylinder

Slip rings are in the form of a split cylinder

Two halves C1 and C2

Current is unidirectional
DC Generator

Split cylinder

Two halves C1 and C2

Current is unidirectional
DC Generator

Current is unidirectional
Power in AC Circuit
P = Vrms irms cosΦ

where ; power factor

● For purely resistive circuit ; Φ = 0,

P = ½ V0i0 = Vrms irms

● For purely inductive or capacitive circuit;

Φ = π/2 , P = 0

No power is consumed by purely inductive or capacitive circuit

Example
In the circuit, as shown in the figure, if the value of R.M.S
current is 2.2 ampere, the power factor of the box is
A. 1/√2 B. 1 C. √3/2 D. 1/2

C
100 Ω

1/π Henry

~
Vrms = 220V, ω = 100π s-1

Ans : A
Example In a series LCR circuit R = 200Ω and the voltage and the
frequency of the main supply is 220V and 50 Hz
respectively. On taking out the capacitance from the circuit
the current lags behind the voltage by 30°. On taking out
the inductor from the circuit the current leads the voltage
by 30°. The power dissipated in the LCR circuit is
[2010]
A. 305 W B. 210 W C. Zero W D. 242 W

Ans : D
Wattless Component of Current

Pav for pure inductive / pure capacitive circuit is zero

i.e. no loss of energy by inductor or capacitor.

Current through pure L or C which dissipates no power is

called Idle current or Wattless current.

Hence L or C are most suitable for controlling current in AC

Wattless Component of Current

Iv sinΦ
Iv

Φ
Ev
Iv cosΦ

Iv sinΦ is known as Wattless Component of current

Choke Coil

Used with fluorescent mercury-tube

fittings

Tube Choke coil Choke coil by an ideal inductor

R L Large inductance but
a small resistance

~
V = V0 sinωt
Choke Coil
Tube Choke coil
R L

~
V = V0 sinωt

Advantage of using a choke coil:

● to reduce the voltage across inductor

● An inductor does not consume power
Example Choke coil is an instrument which is the combination of
resistance and inductance. In the resistance power is lost
and no power is lost in inductor

The average power dissipation in pure inductance is

A. ½ Li2 B. 2 Li2 C. zero D. (Li2)/4

Ans: C
Example Choke coil is an instrument which is the combination of
resistance and inductance. In the resistance power is lost
and no power is lost in inductor

Power loss in AC circuit will be minimum when

(A) Inductance is high, resistance is high

(B) Inductance is low, resistance is high

(C) Inductance is low, resistance is low

(D) Inductance is high, resistance is low

Ans: D
Example Alternating current can not be measured by direct current meters,
because

A. alternating current cannot pass through an ammeter

B. the average value of current for complete cycle is zero

C. some amount of alternating current is destroyed in ammeter

D. None of these

Ans: B
Hot - Wire Instruments
Average of i is zero
Hot - Wire Instruments
Average of i2 is not zero
Hot - Wire Ammeter

AB: Pt-Ir wire

Wire AB gets heated up due to current

Rise in temperature being proportional to i2rms

A small resistance r is
Deflection is proportional to i2rms
connected in parallel to
wire AB as shunt
Hot - Wire Voltmeter

High resistance R is connected in

series in place of shunt r

Deflection is proportional to V2rms

V
Example The A.C. meters measure its

A. root mean square value

B. peak value

C. square mean value

D. None of the above

Ans: A
Example An alternating voltage E = 200√2 sin (100 t) V is connected
to a 1μF capacitor through an ac ammeter. The reading of
ammeter will be
A. 10 mA B. 50 mA C. 20 mA D. 40 mA

Ans: C
Example An AC ammeter is used to measure current in a circuit. When a
given direct current passes through the circuit, the AC ammeter
reads 3 ampere. When another alternating current passes through
the circuit, the AC ammeter reads 4 ampere. Then the reading of
this ammeter if DC and AC flow through the circuit
simultaneously, is

A. 3 A B. 1 A C. 7 A D. 5 A

Ans: D
Example The reading of the ammeter and voltmeters are (Both
the instruments are ac meters and measures rms
value)
A. 2A, 110 V B. 2A, 0V A

XC = 2Ω V ~ 110 V
C. 2A, 55V D. 1A, 0 V
XL = 2Ω R = 55Ω

Ans: B
Example In the series circuit shown in the figure the voltmeter
reading will be
300 300
V
V V

A. 300 V B. 900 V
R L C
A
C. 200 V D. 100 V
~
200 V

Ans: C
Daily Practice Problems
Example In an ac circuit the readings of an ammeter and a
voltmeter are 10 A and 25 volt respectively, the power in
the circuit will be

A. More than 250 W B. Always less than 250 W

C. 250 W D. Less than 250 W or 250 W

Ans: D
Example Alternating current cannot be measured by D.C. ammeter
because
[AIEEE 2004]
A. A.C. can not pass through D.C. Ammeter

B. A.C. changes direction

C. Average value of current for complete cycle is zero

D. D.C. Ammeter will get damaged

Ans: C
Example Choke coil is an instrument which is the combination of resistance
and inductance. In the resistance power is lost and no power is
lost in inductor

The potential difference V across and current I flowing through

an instrument in an AC circuit is given by V = 5sinωt (volts),
I = 2cosωt (amp)

A. Maximum power dissipated is 10 W

B. Maximum power dissipated is 5 W

C. Average power dissipated is 5 W

D. Average power dissipated is zero

Ans: D
Example Choke coil is an instrument which is the combination of resistance
and inductance. In the resistance power is lost and no power is
lost in inductor

An alternating current of frequency f is flowing in a circuit

containing only choke coil of resistance R and inductance L, Vo
and I0 represent peak value of the voltage and the current
respectively, the average power given by source is equal to

A. B. C. D. Zero

Ans: C
Example In the following circuit the readings of AC voltmeters
and ammeters will be respectively
V
R = 30Ω XC = 25Ω
A. 0V, 3A B. 150V, 3A
XL = 25Ω
A
C. 150V, 6A D. 0V, 8A
~
240 V

Ans: D
Example An AC current is given by I = I0 + I1 sinωt then its rms value
will be

A. B. C. 0 D. I0 / √2

Ans : A
Example If I1, I2, I3 and I4 are the respective r.m.s values of the time
varying currents as shown in the four cases Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ.
Then identify the correct relations.

i i i
i

I0 I0 I0
I0

O t O tO tO t

-I0 -I0 -I0

A. I1 = I2 = I3 = I4 B. I3 > I1 = I2 > I4

C. I3 > I4 > I2 = I1 D. I3 > I2 > I1 > I4

Ans : B
Example
An ac-circuit having supply voltage E consists of a resistor
of resistance 3Ω and an inductor of reactance 4Ω as shown
in the figure. The voltage across the capacitor at t = π/ω is
R XL
A. 2 V B. 10 V C. zero D. 4.8 V
i

~
E = 10 sin ωt

Ans : D
Example Three bulbs B1, B2, B3 are connected in series. If reading of an
ammeter is 1.0 amp. bulbs B1 and B3 are glowing brightly but B2 is
not glowing because

A. the filament of bulb B2 is broken

B. the resistance of B2 is lesser than that of B1 and B3

C. Resistance of B2 is greater than that of B1 and B3

D. Reading of ammeter is wrong

Ans: B
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